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Fernandes S, Cassani M, Cavalieri F, Forte G, Caruso F. Emerging Strategies for Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors Using Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305769. [PMID: 38054651 PMCID: PMC10885677 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of lipid-based nanoparticles for COVID-19 vaccines and transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis treatment have highlighted their potential for translation to cancer therapy. However, their use in delivering drugs to solid tumors is limited by ineffective targeting, heterogeneous organ distribution, systemic inflammatory responses, and insufficient drug accumulation at the tumor. Instead, the use of lipid-based nanoparticles to remotely activate immune system responses is an emerging effective strategy. Despite this approach showing potential for treating hematological cancers, its application to treat solid tumors is hampered by the selection of eligible targets, tumor heterogeneity, and ineffective penetration of activated T cells within the tumor. Notwithstanding, the use of lipid-based nanoparticles for immunotherapy is projected to revolutionize cancer therapy, with the ultimate goal of rendering cancer a chronic disease. However, the translational success is likely to depend on the use of predictive tumor models in preclinical studies, simulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., the fibrotic extracellular matrix that impairs therapeutic outcomes) and stimulating tumor progression. This review compiles recent advances in the field of antitumor lipid-based nanoparticles and highlights emerging therapeutic approaches (e.g., mechanotherapy) to modulate tumor stiffness and improve T cell infiltration, and the use of organoids to better guide therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Fernandes
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Marco Cassani
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3000Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversita di Roma “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1Rome00133Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine (CTM)International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC)St. Anne HospitalBrno656 91Czech Republic
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
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Huang C, Ma X, Wang M, Cao H. Drugs in the GIST Field (Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Trial Staging). Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:80-90. [PMID: 36415101 PMCID: PMC10661963 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666221122120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular targeted therapies are the most important type of medical treatment for GIST, but the development of GIST drugs and their targets have not been summarized. METHODS Drugs in the field of GIST were analyzed and collated through Pharmaprojects, ClinicalTrials. gov and PharmaGO databases. RESULTS As of 2021, there are 75 drugs that have appeared in the GIST clinical trials. The six most frequent targets in GIST clinical trials, in descending order of frequency, were KIT, PDGFRA, KDR (VEGFR2), FLT3, FLT1 (VEGFR1), and FLT4/VEGFR3. Only 8 drugs are in preclinical research. There are challenges in the development of new drugs for GIST. CONCLUSION This article analyzes and summarizes the general situation of GIST drugs, the target distribution of GIST drugs, and the trends in GIST drug-related clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Yoon J, Jeong M, Park JH. Intratumoral adoptive transfer of inflammatory macrophages engineered by co-activating TLR and STING signaling pathways exhibits robust antitumor activity. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5025-5037. [PMID: 37535193 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematologic malignancies, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has not been effective in treating solid tumors. Here, we developed an inflammatory macrophage-based ACT to effectively treat solid tumors. We engineered inflammatory macrophages to enhance their antitumor activities, including proinflammatory cytokine secretion and co-stimulatory molecule expression by co-activating toll-like receptor and stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways. Engineered macrophages maintain an inflammatory phenotype after their adoptive transfer into the anti-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), whereas conventional inflammatory macrophages prepared using interferon-γ treatment are repolarized to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In a mouse melanoma model, intratumoral adoptive transfer of engineered macrophages showed robust tumor growth inhibition by increasing CD8+ T cells in the TME and tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood. This study demonstrated that engineered inflammatory macrophages have potential as an effective ACT for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Yoon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyoung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Shyr CR, Liu LC, Chien HS, Huang CP. Immunotherapeutic Agents for Intratumoral Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1717. [PMID: 38006049 PMCID: PMC10674963 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it only benefits a subset of patients. Systemic immunotherapies cause severe autoimmune toxicities and cytokine storms. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) plus the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) have been linked to the inefficacy of systemic immunotherapy. Intratumoral immunotherapy that increases immunotherapeutic agent bioavailability inside tumors could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies and reduce systemic toxicities. In preclinical and clinical studies, intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory agents from small molecules to xenogeneic cells has demonstrated antitumor effects not only on the injected tumors but also against noninjected lesions. Herein, we review and discuss the results of these approaches in preclinical models and clinical trials to build the landscape of intratumoral immunotherapeutic agents and we describe how they stimulate the body's immune system to trigger antitumor immunity as well as the challenges in clinical practice. Systemic and intratumoral combination immunotherapy would make the best use of the body's immune system to treat cancers. Combining precision medicine and immunotherapy in cancer treatment would treat both the mutated targets in tumors and the weakened body's immune system simultaneously, exerting maximum effects of the medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Rong Shyr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (H.-S.C.)
- eXCELL Biotherapeutics Inc., Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Chi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Shan Chien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Chi-Ping Huang
- Department of Medicine, Urology Division, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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5
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Ali A, Gao M, Iskantar A, Wang H, Karlsson-Parra A, Yu D, Jin C. Proinflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells enhance the therapeutic efficacy of systemic anti-4-1BB treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146413. [PMID: 37654492 PMCID: PMC10466132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an immune adjuvant, proinflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells (AlloDCs) have demonstrated promising immune-priming effects in several preclinical and clinical studies. The effector cells, including NK cells and T cells are widely acknowledged as pivotal factors in the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to selectively identify and eradicate malignant cells. 4-1BB, as a costimulatory receptor, plays a significant role in the stimulation of effector cell activation. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effects when combining intratumoral administration of the immune-adjuvant AlloDCs with systemic α4-1BB treatment directly acting on effector cells. In both the CT-26 murine colon carcinoma model and B16 murine melanoma model, AlloDCs demonstrated a significant enhancement in the therapeutic efficacy of α4-1BB antibody. This enhancement was observed through the delayed growth of tumors and prolonged survival. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the combined-treatment group revealed an immune-inflamed TME characterized by increased infiltration of activated endogenous DCs and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells, showing reduced signs of exhaustion. Furthermore, there was an augmented presence of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells (CD103+CD49a+CD69+). The combination treatment also led to increased infiltration of CD39+CD103+ tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and neoantigen-specific T cells into the tumor. Additionally, the combined treatment resulted in a less immunosuppressive TME, indicated by decreased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Tregs. These findings suggest that the combination of intratumoral AlloDCs administration with systemic agonistic α4-1BB treatment can generate a synergistic anti-tumor response, thereby warranting further investigation through clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Menghan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Iskantar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hai Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ghosn M, Tselikas L, Champiat S, Deschamps F, Bonnet B, Carre É, Testan M, Danlos FX, Farhane S, Susini S, Suzzoni S, Ammari S, Marabelle A, De Baere T. Intratumoral Immunotherapy: Is It Ready for Prime Time? Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:857-867. [PMID: 37129706 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the rationale for intratumoral immunotherapy, technical considerations and safety. Clinical results from the latest trials are provided and discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Intratumoral immunotherapy is feasible and safe in a wide range of cancer histologies and locations, including lung and liver. Studies mainly focused on multi-metastatic patients, with some positive trials such as T-VEC in melanoma, but evidence of clinical benefit is still lacking. Recent results showed improved outcomes in patients with a low tumor burden. Intratumoral immunotherapy can lower systemic toxicities and boost local and systemic immune responses. Several studies have proven the feasibility, repeatability, and safety of this approach, with some promising results in clinical trials. The clinical benefit might be improved in patients with a low tumor burden. Future clinical trials should focus on adequate timing of treatment delivery during the course of the disease, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ghosn
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France.
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Stéphane Champiat
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Frederic Deschamps
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Baptiste Bonnet
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Émilie Carre
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Testan
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - François-Xavier Danlos
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Siham Farhane
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Sandrine Susini
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Steve Suzzoni
- Département Pharmacie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Samy Ammari
- Department of Imaging, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Biomaps, UMR1281 INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département D'Innovation Thérapeutique Et D'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry De Baere
- Radiologie Interventionnelle, Département d'Anesthésie Chirurgie Et Imagerie Interventionnelle (DACI), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94800, France
- Centre D'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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7
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Mechahougui H, Michael M, Friedlaender A. Precision Oncology in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4648-4662. [PMID: 37232809 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) represent 20% of sarcomatous tumors and 1-2% of primary gastrointestinal cancers. They have an excellent prognosis when localized and resectable, though their prognosis is poor in the metastatic setting, with limited options after the second line until recently. Four lines are now standard in KIT-mutated GIST and one in PDGFRA-mutated GIST. An exponential growth of new treatments is expected in this era of molecular diagnostic techniques and systematic sequencing. Currently, the main challenge remains the emergence of resistance linked to secondary mutations caused by selective pressure induced by TKIs. Repeating biopsies to tailor treatments might be a step in the right direction, and liquid biopsies at progression may offer a non-invasive alternative. New molecules with wider KIT inhibition are under investigation and could change the catalog and the sequence of existing treatments. Combination therapies may also be an approach to overcome current resistance mechanisms. Here, we review the current epidemiology and biology of GIST and discuss future management options, with an emphasis on genome-oriented therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Mechahougui
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinique Générale Beaulieu, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Li B, Chen H, Yang S, Chen F, Xu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhu C, Shao F, Zhang X, Deng C, Zeng L, He Y, Zhang C. Advances in immunology and immunotherapy for mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37072770 PMCID: PMC10111719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal gastrointestinal cancers are represented by the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) which occur throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract, and affect human health and economy globally. Curative surgical resections and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the main managements for localized GISTs and recurrent/metastatic GISTs, respectively. Despite multi-lines of TKIs treatments prolonged the survival time of recurrent/metastatic GISTs by delaying the relapse and metastasis of the tumor, drug resistance developed quickly and inevitably, and became the huge obstacle for stopping disease progression. Immunotherapy, which is typically represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has achieved great success in several solid tumors by reactivating the host immune system, and been proposed as an alternative choice for GIST treatment. Substantial efforts have been devoted to the research of immunology and immunotherapy for GIST, and great achievements have been made. Generally, the intratumoral immune cell level and the immune-related gene expressions are influenced by metastasis status, anatomical locations, driver gene mutations of the tumor, and modulated by imatinib therapy. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers are regarded as prognostic indicators of GIST and closely associated with its clinicopathological features. The efficacy of immunotherapy strategies for GIST has been widely explored in pre-clinical cell and mouse models and clinical experiments in human, and some patients did benefit from ICIs. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date advancements of immunology, immunotherapy and research models for GIST, and provides new insights and perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau University Joint Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Jin C, Ali A, Iskantar A, Fotaki G, Wang H, Essand M, Karlsson-Parra A, Yu D. Intratumoral administration of pro-inflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells improved the anti-tumor response of systemic anti-CTLA-4 treatment via unleashing a T cell-dependent response. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2099642. [PMID: 35859733 PMCID: PMC9291714 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2099642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the oncology field. However, a significant number of patients do not respond, at least partly due to the lack of preexisting anti-tumor T-cell immunity. Therefore, it is emergent to add an immune-priming step to improve efficacy. Here, we report a combined approach consisting of intratumoral administration of pro-inflammatory allogeneic dendritic cells (AlloDCs) and systemic treatment with αCTLA-4 that can drastically improve the anti-tumor efficacy compared to αCTLA-4 monotherapy. When evaluated in mice with large established CT-26 tumors, monotherapy with αCTLA-4 neither delayed tumor progression nor improved mice survival. However, combination treatment of AlloDCs and αCTLA-4 drastically improved the effectiveness, with 70% of mice being cured. This effect was T cell-dependent, and all survived mice rejected a subsequent tumor re-challenge. Further investigation revealed an immune-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) in the combination treatment group characterized by enhanced infiltration of activated antigen-presenting endogenous DCs and CD8+ T cells with a tissue-resident memory (TRM) phenotype (CD49a+CD103+). This correlated with elevated levels of tumor-specific CD39+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the tumor and “tumor-matching” NKG2D+CD39+CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, splenocytes from mice in the combination treatment group secreted significantly higher IFN-γ upon stimulation with the peptide from the endogenous CT-26 retroviral gp70 (model neoantigen), confirming the induction of a tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell response. Taken together, these data indicate a strong anti-tumor synergy between AlloDCs and αCTLA-4 that warrant further clinical investigation with the corresponding human AlloDC product (ilixadencel) for patients receiving αCTLA-4 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arwa Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Iskantar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Laureano RS, Sprooten J, Vanmeerbeerk I, Borras DM, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Berneman ZN, Beuselinck B, Bol KF, Borst J, Coosemans A, Datsi A, Fučíková J, Kinget L, Neyns B, Schreibelt G, Smits E, Sorg RV, Spisek R, Thielemans K, Tuyaerts S, De Vleeschouwer S, de Vries IJM, Xiao Y, Garg AD. Trial watch: Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy for cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2096363. [PMID: 35800158 PMCID: PMC9255073 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2096363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination for cancer treatment has seen considerable development over recent decades. However, this field is currently in a state of flux toward niche-applications, owing to recent paradigm-shifts in immuno-oncology mobilized by T cell-targeting immunotherapies. DC vaccines are typically generated using autologous (patient-derived) DCs exposed to tumor-associated or -specific antigens (TAAs or TSAs), in the presence of immunostimulatory molecules to induce DC maturation, followed by reinfusion into patients. Accordingly, DC vaccines can induce TAA/TSA-specific CD8+/CD4+ T cell responses. Yet, DC vaccination still shows suboptimal anti-tumor efficacy in the clinic. Extensive efforts are ongoing to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of DC vaccines, often by employing combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy regimens. In this Trial Watch, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical developments in this field and discuss the ongoing trends and future perspectives of DC-based immunotherapy for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Laureano
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeerk
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Borras
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Department of Haematology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - an Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, Ku Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jitka Fučíková
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Neyns
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since its approval in 2002, imatinib remains the standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Overall, all the drugs approved for patients who have developed secondary resistance to imatinib are less effective than imatinib in first-line. Even if, overall survival of patients with advanced GIST has improved over time the last 20 years, imatinib-resistant GIST remains therefore a difficult-to-treat cancer. The aim of this review is to elaborate on the potential strategies to improve outcome for patients with imatinib-refractory disease. RECENT FINDINGS New-generation potent KIT and PDGFRA inhibitors such as ripretinib and avapritinib developed for the treatment of GIST have shown very promising clinical activity in patients with highly refractory disease. However, both failed to improve outcome in comparison with standard of care in earlier lines settings. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of multikinase inhibitor with highly specific KIT inhibitors are currently ongoing. Targeting the microenvironment of GIST may also represent a promising approach and is investigated in several clinical studies. SUMMARY Imatinib-refractory GIST still represent a therapeutic challenge. It is likely that only combination therapies with new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and/or immune-oncology agents might potentially result in an enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared with current standard of care.
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12
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Lindskog M, Laurell A, Kjellman A, Melichar B, Rey PM, Zieliński H, Villacampa F, Bigot P, Zoltan B, Parikh O, Alba DV, Jellvert Å, Flaskó T, Gallardo E, Caparrós MJR, Purkalne G, Suenaert P, Karlsson-Parra A, Ljungberg B. Ilixadencel, a Cell-based Immune Primer, plus Sunitinib Versus Sunitinib Alone in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase 2 Study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 40:38-45. [PMID: 35638086 PMCID: PMC9142735 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is poor. Whereas single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is clearly insufficient, the effects can be enhanced by combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Innovative treatment options combining TKI and other immune-stimulating agents could prove beneficial. Objective To evaluate the clinical effects on metastatic disease when two doses of allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (ilixadencel) are administrated intratumorally followed by nephrectomy and treatment with sunitinib compared with nephrectomy and sunitinib monotherapy, in patients with synchronous mRCC. Design, setting, and participants A randomized (2:1) phase 2 multicenter trial enrolled 88 patients with newly diagnosed mRCC to treatment with the combination ilixadencel/sunitinib (ILIXA/SUN; 58 patients) or sunitinib alone (SUN; 30 patients). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The primary endpoints were 18-mo survival rate and overall survival (OS). A secondary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed up to 18 mo after enrollment. Statistic evaluations included Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, Cox regression, and stratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests. Results and limitations The median OS was 35.6 mo in the ILIXA/SUN arm versus 25.3 mo in the SUN arm (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.42–1.27; p = 0.25), while the 18-mo OS rates were 63% and 66% in the ILIXA/SUN and SUN arms, respectively. The confirmed ORR in the ILIXA/SUN arm were 42.2% (19/45), including three patients with complete response, versus 24.0% (six/25) in the SUN arm (p = 0.13) without complete responses. The study was not adequately powered to detect modest differences in survival. Conclusions The study failed to meet its primary endpoints. However, ilixadencel in combination with sunitinib was associated with a numerically higher, nonsignificant, confirmed response rate, including complete responses, compared with sunitinib monotherapy. Patient summary We studied the effects of intratumoral vaccination with ilixadencel followed by sunitinib versus sunitinib only in a randomized phase 2 study. The combination treatment showed numerically higher numbers of confirmed responses, suggesting an immunologic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 100/101, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Tel. +46 (0) 768434455.
| | - Anna Laurell
- Department of Oncology, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Kjellman
- Department of Urology, CLINTEC, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Henryk Zieliński
- Clinical Urology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Pierre Bigot
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Bajory Zoltan
- Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Altalanos Ovostudomanyi Kar Urologiai Klinika, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Omi Parikh
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - David Vazquez Alba
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Åsa Jellvert
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tibor Flaskó
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Oncology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Gunta Purkalne
- Oncology Clinic, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Rīga, Latvia
| | | | - Alex Karlsson-Parra
- Immunicum AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Bikorimana JP, Salame N, Beaudoin S, Balood M, Crosson T, Abusarah J, Talbot S, Löbenberg R, Plouffe S, Rafei M. Promoting antigen escape from dendritic cell endosomes potentiates anti-tumoral immunity. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100534. [PMID: 35492876 PMCID: PMC9040180 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cross-presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) can be limited by non-specific degradation during endosome maturation. To bypass this limitation, we present in this study a new Accum-based formulation designed to promote endosome-to-cytosol escape. Treatment of primary DCs with Accum linked to the xenoantigen ovalbumin (OVA) triggers endosomal damages and enhances protein processing. Despite multiple challenges using ascending doses of tumor cells, DC prophylactic vaccination results in complete protection due to increased levels of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as high production of pro-inflammatory mediators. When combined with anti-PD-1, therapeutic vaccination using both syngeneic and allogeneic Accum-OVA-pulsed DCs triggers potent anti-tumoral responses. The net outcome culminates in increased CD11c, CD8, and NK infiltration along with a high CD8/Treg ratio. These highly favorable therapeutic effects highlight the promising potential of Accum as a distinct and potent technology platform suitable for the design of next generation cell cancer vaccines. Accum-linked antigen enhances antigen processing and presentation Pulsed dendritic cells elicit potent effector T cell responses Therapeutic vaccination using allogeneic DCs controls pre-established tumors The vaccine boosts tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and increases the CD8/Treg ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bikorimana
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natasha Salame
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Beaudoin
- Research and Development Branch, Defence Therapeutics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Théo Crosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamilah Abusarah
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sebastien Plouffe
- Research and Development Branch, Defence Therapeutics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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14
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Momin N, Palmeri JR, Lutz EA, Jailkhani N, Mak H, Tabet A, Chinn MM, Kang BH, Spanoudaki V, Hynes RO, Wittrup KD. Maximizing response to intratumoral immunotherapy in mice by tuning local retention. Nat Commun 2022; 13:109. [PMID: 35013154 PMCID: PMC8748612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct injection of therapies into tumors has emerged as an administration route capable of achieving high local drug exposure and strong anti-tumor response. A diverse array of immune agonists ranging in size and target are under development as local immunotherapies. However, due to the relatively recent adoption of intratumoral administration, the pharmacokinetics of locally-injected biologics remains poorly defined, limiting rational design of tumor-localized immunotherapies. Here we define a pharmacokinetic framework for biologics injected intratumorally that can predict tumor exposure and effectiveness. We find empirically and computationally that extending the tumor exposure of locally-injected interleukin-2 by increasing molecular size and/or improving matrix-targeting affinity improves therapeutic efficacy in mice. By tracking the distribution of intratumorally-injected proteins using positron emission tomography, we observe size-dependent enhancement in tumor exposure occurs by slowing the rate of diffusive escape from the tumor and by increasing partitioning to an apparent viscous region of the tumor. In elucidating how molecular weight and matrix binding interplay to determine tumor exposure, our model can aid in the design of intratumoral therapies to exert maximal therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joseph R Palmeri
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Emi A Lutz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Noor Jailkhani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Howard Mak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anthony Tabet
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Magnolia M Chinn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Byong H Kang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Virginia Spanoudaki
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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15
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Lechuga LM, Forsberg MH, Walker KL, Ludwig KD, Capitini CM, Fain SB. Detection and viability of murine NK cells in vivo in a lymphoma model using fluorine-19 MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4600. [PMID: 34409665 PMCID: PMC8635739 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell therapies are being increasingly used as an adoptive cell therapy for cancer because they can recognize tumor cells in an antigen-independent manner. While promising, the understanding of NK cell persistence, particularly within a harsh tumor microenvironment, is limited. Fluorine-19 (19 F) MRI is a noninvasive imaging modality that has shown promise in longitudinally tracking cell populations in vivo; however, it has not been studied on murine NK cells. In this study, the impact of 19 F labeling on murine NK cell viability and function was assessed in vitro and then used to quantify NK cell persistence in vivo. While there was no noticeable impact on viability, labeling NK cells with 19 F did attenuate cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells in vitro. Fluorescent microscopy verified 19 F labeling in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of NK cells. Lymphoma-bearing mice were given intratumoral injections of 19 F-labeled NK cells in which signal was detectable across the 6 day observation period via 19 F MRI. Quantification from the composite images detected 78-94% of the initially injected NK cells across 6 days, with a significant decrease between Days 3 and 6. Postmortem flow cytometry demonstrated retention of 19 F intracellularly within adoptively transferred NK cells with less than 1% of 19 F-containing cells identified as tumor-associated macrophages that presumably ingested nonviable NK cells. This work demonstrates that 19 F MRI offers a specific imaging platform to track and quantify murine NK cells within tumors noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Lechuga
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kirsti L Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Melero I, Castanon E, Alvarez M, Champiat S, Marabelle A. Intratumoural administration and tumour tissue targeting of cancer immunotherapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:558-576. [PMID: 34006998 PMCID: PMC8130796 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are revolutionizing oncology and haematology practice. With these and other immunotherapies, however, systemic biodistribution raises safety issues, potentially requiring the use of suboptimal doses or even precluding their clinical development. Delivering or attracting immune cells or immunomodulatory factors directly to the tumour and/or draining lymph nodes might overcome these problems. Hence, intratumoural delivery and tumour tissue-targeted compounds are attractive options to increase the in situ bioavailability and, thus, the efficacy of immunotherapies. In mouse models, intratumoural administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies, pattern recognition receptor agonists, genetically engineered viruses, bacteria, cytokines or immune cells can exert powerful effects not only against the injected tumours but also often against uninjected lesions (abscopal or anenestic effects). Alternatively, or additionally, biotechnology strategies are being used to achieve higher functional concentrations of immune mediators in tumour tissues, either by targeting locally overexpressed moieties or engineering 'unmaskable' agents to be activated by elements enriched within tumour tissues. Clinical trials evaluating these strategies are ongoing, but their development faces issues relating to the administration methodology, pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamic end points, and immunobiological and clinical response assessments. Herein, we discuss these approaches in the context of their historical development and describe the current landscape of intratumoural or tumour tissue-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Castanon
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France.
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17
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Ilic D, Liovic M. Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in January 2021. Regen Med 2021; 16:423-429. [PMID: 33733829 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from nonacademic institutions in January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Ilic
- Department of Women & Children's Health, Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mirjana Liovic
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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