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Kim TH, Woo S, Lee DH, Do RK, Chernyak V. MRI imaging features for predicting macrotrabecular-massive subtype hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:6896-6907. [PMID: 38507054 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify significant MRI features associated with macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC), and to assess the distribution of Liver Imaging Radiology and Data System (LI-RADS, LR) category assignments. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to March 28, 2023. Random-effects model was constructed to calculate pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each MRI feature for differentiating MTM-HCC from NMTM-HCC. The pooled proportions of LI-RADS category assignments in MTM-HCC and NMTM-HCC were compared using z-test. RESULTS Ten studies included 1978 patients with 2031 HCCs (426 (20.9%) MTM-HCC and 1605 (79.1%) NMTM-HCC). Six MRI features showed significant association with MTM-HCC: tumor in vein (TIV) (DOR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.6-3.5]), rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (DOR =2.6 [95% CI, 1.4-5.0]), corona enhancement (DOR = 2.6 [95% CI, 1.4-4.5]), intratumoral arteries (DOR = 2.6 [95% CI, 1.1-6.3]), peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (DOR = 2.2 [95% CI, 1.5-3.3]), and necrosis (DOR = 4.2 [95% CI, 2.0-8.5]). The pooled proportions of LI-RADS categories in MTM-HCC were LR-3, 0% [95% CI, 0-2%]; LR-4, 11% [95% CI, 6-16%]; LR-5, 63% [95% CI, 55-71%]; LR-M, 12% [95% CI, 6-19%]; and LR-TIV, 13% [95% CI, 6-22%]. In NMTM-HCC, the pooled proportions of LI-RADS categories were LR-3, 1% [95% CI, 0-2%]; LR-4, 8% [95% CI, 3-15%]; LR-5, 77% [95% CI, 71-82%]; LR-M, 5% [95% CI, 3-7%]; and LR-TIV, 6% [95% CI, 2-11%]. MTM-HCC had significantly lower proportion of LR-5 and higher proportion of LR-M and LR-TIV categories. CONCLUSIONS Six MRI features showed significant association with MTM-HCC. Additionally, compared to NMTM-HCC, MTM-HCC are more likely to be categorized LR-M and LR-TIV and less likely to be categorized LR-5. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Several MR imaging features can suggest macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma subtype, which can assist in guiding treatment plans and identifying potential candidates for clinical trials of new treatment strategies. KEY POINTS • Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma is a subtype of HCC characterized by its aggressive nature and unfavorable prognosis. • Tumor in vein, rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, corona enhancement, intratumoral arteries, peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase, and necrosis on MRI are indicative of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma. • Various MRI characteristics can be utilized for the diagnosis of the macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma subtype. This can prove beneficial in guiding treatment decisions and identifying potential candidates for clinical trials involving novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sungmin Woo
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Richard K Do
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Yan Z, Liu Z, Zhu G, Lu M, Zhang J, Liu M, Jiang J, Gu C, Wu X, Zhang T, Zhang X. Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced MRI-Based Radiomic Models for Preoperative Risk Prediction and Prognostic Assessment of Proliferative HCC. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00473-2. [PMID: 39181825 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with high invasiveness and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the preoperative risk prediction and prognostic value of different radiomics models and a nomogram for proliferative HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 156) and a validation cohort (n = 66) in a 7:3 ratio. Original and delta (the different value between imaging features extracted from two different phases) radiomics features were extracted from T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), arterial, and hepatobiliary phases to construct models using different machine learning algorithms. Logistic regression was used to select clinical independent risk factors. A nomogram was constructed by integrating the optimal radiomics model score with independent risk factors. The diagnostic efficacy and clinical utility of the models were assessed. Subsequently, patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk subgroups based on radiomics model scores and nomogram scores, and both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BCLC stage and combined radscore were independent predictors of proliferative HCC. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram incorporating these factors was 0.838 and 0.801 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, with good predictive performance. Multivariate Cox regression analysis shows that the delta radiomics model (DR)-predicted proliferative HCC can independently predict RFS and OS, with scores from the delta radiomics model performing best in prognostic risk stratification. CONCLUSION The nomogram can effectively predict proliferative HCC, while different radiomics models and the nomogram can offer varying prognostic stratification values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyi Yan
- Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Zixin Liu
- Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (G.Z.)
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Maotong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Jifeng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (C.G.)
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Shanghai 200000, China (X.W.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.)
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.); Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China (Z.Y., Z.L., M.L., J.Z., M.L., J.J., T.Z., X.Z.).
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Wei Z, Guo X, Li D, Wang J, Lin C, Tan C, Wang Y, Zhu X, Tan S. Prognostic value of CMTM6 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma involving the regulation of the immune microenvironment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133618. [PMID: 38971275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
There have been notable irregularities in CMTM6 expression observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with an evident correlation between CMTM6 dysregulation and patient prognosis. The cell cycle progression came to a halt at the G2/M phase. In-depth RNA-sequencing analysis of CMTM6 knockdown Hep3B cells revealed that the most prominent effect of CMTM6 perturbation was on the expression of CXCL8, a chemokine involved in immune responses, particularly through the interleukin-17F (IL-17F) signaling pathway. By carefully examining the RNA-sequencing data obtained from CMTM6 knockdown Hep3B cells and cross-referencing it with the TCGA-LIHC database, we were able to discern that CMTM6 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) collaboratively partake in immune regulation within T cells. Furthermore, CMTM6 exerted an influential role in modulating the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the HCC microenvironment, thereby impacting the overall immune response. Our investigation found that HCC cases characterized by an elevated co-expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1, along with augmented CD4+ T cell infiltration, demonstrated comparatively longer overall and progression-free survival rates when contrasted with those displaying lower CD4+ T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Wei
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Di Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China.
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Cheng J, Li X, Wang L, Chen F, Li Y, Zuo G, Pei M, Zhang H, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J, Han Q, Cai P, Li X. Evaluation and Prognostication of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI and CT in Patients With Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:2071-2081. [PMID: 37840197 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) is highly aggressive. Comparing the diagnosis ability of CT and gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI for MTM-HCC are lacking. PURPOSE To compare the performance of Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI and CT for differentiating MTM-HCC from non-MTM-HCC, and determine the prognostic indicator. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Post-surgery HCC patients, divided into the training (N = 272) and external validation (N = 44) cohorts. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T, T1-weighted imaging, in-opp phase, and T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination/liver acquisition with volume acceleration; enhanced CT. ASSESSMENT Three radiologists evaluated clinical characteristics (sex, age, liver disease, liver function, blood routine, alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and prothrombin time international normalization ratio [PT-INR]) and imaging features (tumor length, intratumor fat, hemorrhage, arterial phase peritumoral enhancement, intratumor necrosis or ischemia, capsule, and peritumoral hepatobiliary phase [HBP] hypointensity). Compared the performance of CT and MRI for diagnosing MTM-HCC. Follow-up occurred every 3-6 months, and nomogram demonstrated the probability of MTM-HCC. STATISTICAL TESTS Fisher test, t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, area under the curve (AUC), 95% confidence interval (CI), multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox proportional hazards. Significance level: P < 0.05. RESULTS Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI (AUC: 0.793; 95% CI, 0.740-0.839) outperformed CT (AUC: 0.747; 95% CI, 0.691-0.797) in the training cohort. The nomogram, incorporating AFP, PT-INR, and MRI features (non-intratumor fat, incomplete capsule, intratumor necrosis or ischemia, and peritumoral HBP hypointensity) demonstrated powerful performance for diagnosing MTM-HCC with an AUC of 0.826 (95% CI, 0.631-1.000) in the external validation cohort. Median follow-up was 347 days (interquartile range [IQR], 606 days) for the training cohort and 222 days (IQR, 441 days) for external validation cohort. Intratumor necrosis or ischemia was an independent indicator for poor prognosis. DATA CONCLUSION Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI might assist in preoperative diagnosis of MTM-HCC, and intratumor necrosis or ischemia was associated with poor prognosis. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yiman Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guojiao Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mi Pei
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linze Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Xu W, Huang B, Zhang R, Zhong X, Zhou W, Zhuang S, Xie X, Fang J, Xu M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Ability of Contrast-Enhanced Unltrasound and Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subtypes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:617-626. [PMID: 38281888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and clinical indicators of the vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern and macrotrabecular-massive subtype in hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC). METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent preoperative CEUS and hepatectomy for HCC between August 2018 and August 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to select independent correlated factors of VETC-HCC and MTM-HCC to develop nomogram models. The association between model outcomes and early postoperative HCC recurrence was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The training cohort included 182 patients (54.3 ± 11.3 years, 168 males) and the validation cohort included 91 patients (54.8 ± 10.6 years, 81 males). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (odds ratio [OR]: 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-3.42, p < 0.001), intratumoral nonenhancement (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.02-5.64, p = 0.044), and the perfusion pattern in the CEUS arterial phase (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.05-4.91, p = 0.038) were independent predictors of VETC-HCC. Besides, the former two were also independently associated with MTM-HCC (AFP level: OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.36-4.09, p = 0.002; intratumoral nonenhancement: OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.02-13.56, p = 0.046). Nomogram models were constructed based on the aforementioned indicators. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated that predicted VETC-HCC or MTM-HCC exhibited higher rates of early recurrence (log-rank p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Cox regression analysis showed that a high risk of VETC-HCC was independently correlated with early recurrence (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION CEUS combined with AFP levels can predict VETC-HCC/MTM-HCC and prognosis preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhong
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Dai M, Lan T, Chen H, Li X, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Yang L, Wang S. Nomogram based on CMTM6 expression and clinical characteristics to predict postoperative overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:381-390. [PMID: 37366540 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CMTM6 in HCC tissues and its prognostic value, and to try to develop a nomogram prognostic model based on CMTM6. METHODS In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed in 178 patients who underwent radical hepatectomy in the same surgical team. R software was used to construct the nomogram model. The Bootstrap sampling method was used for internal validation. RESULTS CMTM6 is significantly expressed in HCC tissues and is closely associated with decreased overall survival (OS). PVTT (HR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.06 12.6, P<0.001), CMTM6 (HR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.27 4.0, P=0.006) and MVI (HR=10.8, 95% CI: 4.19-27.6, P<0.001) were independent predictors of OS. The nomogram combined with CMTM6, PVTT and MVI was more predictive than the traditional TNM scoring system, and the prediction effects of 1-year and 3-year OS were accurate. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of a patient may be predicted using high levels of CMTM6 expression in HCC tissues, and the nomogram model including CMTM6 expression has the best predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Lan
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yingxue Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Long Yang
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Akiba J, Nakayama M, Kondo R, Kusano H, Ogasawara S, Mihara Y, Tanigawa M, Tsutsui K, Yano Y, Miyazaki D, Tokisawa S, Mitsuhashi T, Nomura H, Sanada S, Sakai H, Hisaka T, Yano H. Immunophenotypes and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Macrotrabecular Massive and Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters. In Vivo 2024; 38:640-646. [PMID: 38418151 PMCID: PMC10905475 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recently, vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern and macrotrabecular massive (MTM) pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported as aggressive histological types. These histological patterns showed an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Since there have been no reports on the differences of these two subtypes simultaneously, this study examined the immunophenotypes and TIME of MTM-HCC and VETC-HCC immunohistochemically. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-four cases of previously diagnosed HCC, including 32 MTM-HCCs, 21 VETC-HCCs, and 21 conventional HCCs, were enrolled in immunohistochemical analysis. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS We found that MTM-HCC showed less frequent expression of HepPar-1, which is one of the most common hepatocytic markers. In MTM-HCC, the frequency of high expression levels of Keratin19, carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, and PD-L1 was higher compared to VETC-HCC and conventional HCC. PD-L1 expression was found in 34.4% of MTM-HCC, 0% of VETC-HCC, and 19.0% of conventional HCC. The rate of PD-L1 expression in MTM-HCC was significantly higher than the others (p=0.0015). PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with epithelial cell adhesion molecules and CA IX expression, which are representative markers of tumor stemness and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The CD8 infiltration in VETC-HCC was significantly lower than that in conventional HCC. CONCLUSION MTM-HCC had different immunophenotypes and TIMEs compared to HCC with the VETC pattern. Although both had immunosuppressive TIME, the elements forming TIME were quite different. To enhance the immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy, changing TIME from a suppressive to an active form is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mihara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanigawa
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kana Tsutsui
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuta Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Daiki Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Saeko Tokisawa
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Nomura
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sanada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hisamune Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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8
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Cheng Y, Song Z, Chen J, Tang Z, Wang B. Molecular basis, potential biomarkers, and future prospects of OSCC and PD-1/PD-L1 related immunotherapy methods. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25895. [PMID: 38380036 PMCID: PMC10877294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects a large number of individuals worldwide. Despite advancements in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, satisfactory outcomes have not been achieved. In recent years, the success of drugs targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has led to breakthroughs in cancer treatment, but systematic summaries on their effectiveness against OSCC are lacking. This article reviews the latest research on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the potential of combination therapy based on this pathway in OSCC. Further, it explores the mechanisms involved in the interaction of this pathway with exosomes and protein-protein interactions, and concludes with potential future OSCC therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Song
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Baisheng Wang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, 410008, Hunan, China
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9
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Chai F, Ma Y, Feng C, Jia X, Cui J, Cheng J, Hong N, Wang Y. Prediction of macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma by using MR-based models and their prognostic implications. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:447-457. [PMID: 38042762 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of MRI-based radiomics and clinical models in predicting MTM-HCC. Additionally, to investigate the ability of the radiomics model designed for MTM-HCC identification in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HCC. METHODS A total of 336 patients who underwent oncological resection for HCC between June 2007 and March 2021 were included. 127 patients in Cohort1 were used for MTM-HCC identification, and 209 patients in Cohort2 for prognostic analyses. Radiomics analysis was performed using volumes of interest of HCC delineated on pre-operative MRI images. Radiomics and clinical models were developed using Random Forest algorithm in Cohort1 and a radiomics probability (RP) of MTM-HCC was obtained from the radiomics model. Based on the RP, patients in Cohort2 were divided into a RAD-MTM-HCC (RAD-M) group and a RAD-non-MTM-HCC (RAD-nM) group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify the independent predictors for DFS of patients in Cohort2. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the DFS between different groups pf patients based on the predictors. RESULTS The radiomics model for identifying MTM-HCC showed AUCs of 0.916 (95% CI: 0.858-0.960) and 0.833 (95% CI: 0.675-0.935), and the clinical model showed AUCs of 0.760 (95% CI: 0.669-0.836) and 0.704 (95% CI: 0.532-0.843) in the respective training and validation sets. Furthermore, the radiomics biomarker RP, portal or hepatic vein tumor thrombus, irregular rim-like arterial phase hyperenhancement (IRE) and AFP were independent predictors of DFS in patients with HCC. The DFS of RAD-nM group was significantly higher than that of the RAD-M group (p < .001). CONCLUSION MR-based clinical and radiomic models have the potential to accurately diagnose MTM-HCC. Moreover, the radiomics signature designed to identify MTM-HCC also can be used to predict prognosis in patients with HCC, realizing the diagnostic and prognostic aims at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chai
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yingteng Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhen Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- United Imaging Intelligence (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South St., Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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10
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Duan SL, Jiang Y, Li GQ, Fu W, Song Z, Li LN, Li J. Research insights into the chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM): their roles in various tumors. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16757. [PMID: 38223763 PMCID: PMC10787544 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (CMTM) family includes CMTM1-8 and CKLF, and they play key roles in the hematopoietic, immune, cardiovascular, and male reproductive systems, participating in the physiological functions, cancer, and other diseases associated with these systems. CMTM family members activate and chemoattract immune cells to affect the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells through a similar mechanism, the structural characteristics typical of chemokines and transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). In this review, we discuss each CMTM family member's chromosomal location, involved signaling pathways, expression patterns, and potential roles, and mechanisms of action in pancreatic, breast, gastric and liver cancers. Furthermore, we discuss several clinically applied tumor therapies targeted at the CMTM family, indicating that CMTM family members could be novel immune checkpoints and potential targets effective in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Yingke Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Nan Li
- Department of Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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11
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Zou W, Luo X, Gao M, Yu C, Wan X, Yu S, Wu Y, Wang A, Fenical W, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Optimization of cancer immunotherapy on the basis of programmed death ligand-1 distribution and function. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:257-272. [PMID: 36775813 PMCID: PMC11080663 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade as a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy has shown unprecedented positive outcomes in the clinic. However, the overall effectiveness of PD-L1 antibody is less than expected. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that PD-L1 is widely distributed and expressed not only on the cell membrane but also on the inside of the cells as well as on the extracellular vesicles secreted by tumour cells. Both endogenous and exogenous PD-L1 play significant roles in influencing the therapeutic effect of anti-tumour immunity. Herein, we mainly focused on the distribution and function of PD-L1 and further summarized the potential targeted therapeutic strategies. More importantly, in addition to taking the overall expression abundance of PD-L1 as a predictive indicator for selecting corresponding PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we also proposed that personalized combination therapies based on the different distribution of PD-L1 are worth attention to achieve more efficient and effective therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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12
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Hao L, Li S, Deng J, Li N, Yu F, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Shi X, Hu X. The current status and future of PD-L1 in liver cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323581. [PMID: 38155974 PMCID: PMC10754529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapy in tumor, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has played an important role in the treatment of advanced unresectable liver cancer. However, the efficacy of ICIs varies greatly among different patients, which has aroused people's attention to the regulatory mechanism of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immune escape of liver cancer. PD-L1 is regulated by multiple levels and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including gene variation, epigenetic inheritance, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification. More studies have also found that the high expression of PD-L1 may be the main factor affecting the immunotherapy of liver cancer. However, what is the difference of PD-L1 expressed by different types of cells in the microenvironment of HCC, and which type of cells expressed PD-L1 determines the effect of tumor immunotherapy remains unclear. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in liver cancer can provide more basis for liver cancer immunotherapy and combined immune treatment strategy. In addition to its well-known role in immune regulation, PD-L1 also plays a role in regulating cancer cell proliferation and promoting drug resistance of tumor cells, which will be reviewed in this paper. In addition, we also summarized the natural products and drugs that regulated the expression of PD-L1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center of Experimental Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hashimoto A, Hashimoto S. ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6 Pathway Acts as a Key Executor of Mesenchymal Tumor Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14934. [PMID: 37834383 PMCID: PMC10573442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the "big data" on cancer from recent breakthroughs in high-throughput technology and the development of new therapeutic modalities, it remains unclear as to how intra-tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity created by various somatic abnormalities and epigenetic and metabolic adaptations orchestrate therapy resistance, immune evasiveness, and metastatic ability. Tumors are formed by various cells, including immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and their tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in malignant tumor progression and responses to therapy. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) and AMAP1 are often overexpressed in cancers, which statistically correlates with poor outcomes. The ARF6-AMAP1 pathway promotes the intracellular dynamics and cell-surface expression of various proteins. This pathway is also a major target for KRAS/TP53 mutations to cooperatively promote malignancy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and is closely associated with immune evasion. Additionally, this pathway is important in angiogenesis, acidosis, and fibrosis associated with tumor malignancy in the TME, and its inhibition in PDAC cells results in therapeutic synergy with an anti-PD-1 antibody in vivo. Thus, the ARF6-based pathway affects the TME and the intrinsic function of tumors, leading to malignancy. Here, we discuss the potential mechanisms of this ARF6-based pathway in tumorigenesis, and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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14
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Gao H, Yin J, Guan X, Zhang S, Peng S, Liu X, Xing F. CMTM6 as a potential therapy target is associated with immunological tumor microenvironment and can promote migration and invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 37726578 PMCID: PMC10509136 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
CMTM6 has been connected to the development of several malignancies. However, it is still unknown what function CMTM6 serves in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We obtained RNA sequencing information of PAAD from public datasets and predicted statistical significance of CMTM6 survival in accordance with Kaplan-Meier curves. Gene set enrichment assessment (GSEA) was employed to analyze changes in pathways. Then, we systematically investigated the association involving CMTM6 and the immunological traits within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PAAD, including immune pathways, immunomodulators, immune infiltrating cells, inflammatory activities, and immunotherapy response prediction. To demonstrate the biologically malignant properties of CMTM6 expression, the Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell experiments, colony formation, and wound healing were utilized. Upregulated CMTM6 expression was revealed within PAAD tissues, which was associated with more frequent somatic mutations and worse survival outcomes. Specifically, CMTM6 expression represented stronger immune infiltration, inflammatory activity, and better immunotherapeutic response in TME. Functional studies revealed that CMTM6 promoted the ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Additionally, CMTM6 and PD-L1 had a positive relationship, and CMTM6 can co-immunocoprecipitate with PD-L1 protein in pancreatic cell lines. CMTM6 overexpression shapes the inflammatory TME with a strong immune response. These findings support that CMTM6 is an immunotherapeutic target with promising effect to treat PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jianqiao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of General Surgery, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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15
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Pei Y, Zhang Z, Tan S. Current Opinions on the Relationship Between CMTM Family and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1411-1422. [PMID: 37649636 PMCID: PMC10464892 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s417202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typically malignant tumor in the digestive system. The mortality of HCC ranks third place in the world, second only to lung cancer and colorectal cancer. For the characteristics of high invasiveness, high metastasis, high recurrence rate as well as short survival time, HCC treatment has always been difficult in clinical practice. Many causes have contributed to the appearance of these features, including insidious onset, high degree of malignancy, lack of effective early molecular diagnostic markers, and disease prediction models. The human chemokine-like factor superfamily (CMTMs) is a new gene family consisting of CKLF and CMTM1-CMTM8. CMTMs have a marvel domain which can activate and chemotaxis immune cells. Many studies have reported that CMTMs are involved in the regulation of cell growth and development, and play an important role in the malignant progression of the immune system and reproductive system, especially in the development of tumors. In this review, we summarized the structure and function of the human CMTMs, the relationship between its family members and HCC, the prognostic value, potential functions, and mechanisms in HCC. CMTMs could provide a new diagnostic and therapeutic target in clinical practice for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Pei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Public Health Department of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Public Health Department of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Public Health Department of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, GuangxiPeople's Republic of China
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Li M, Fan Y, You H, Li C, Luo M, Zhou J, Li A, Zhang L, Yu X, Deng W, Zhou J, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Chen H, Xiao Y, Huang B, Wang J. Dual-Energy CT Deep Learning Radiomics to Predict Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Radiology 2023; 308:e230255. [PMID: 37606573 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Background It is unknown whether the additional information provided by multiparametric dual-energy CT (DECT) could improve the noninvasive diagnosis of the aggressive macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-phase contrast-enhanced multiparametric DECT for predicting MTM HCC. Materials and Methods Patients with histopathologic examination-confirmed HCC who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between June 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively recruited from three independent centers (center 1, training and internal test data set; centers 2 and 3, external test data set). Radiologic features were visually analyzed and combined with clinical information to establish a clinical-radiologic model. Deep learning (DL) radiomics models were based on DL features and handcrafted features extracted from virtual monoenergetic images and material composition images on dual phase using binary least absolute shrinkage and selection operators. A DL radiomics nomogram was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the log-rank test was used to analyze recurrence-free survival. Results A total of 262 patients were included (mean age, 54 years ± 12 [SD]; 225 men [86%]; training data set, n = 146 [56%]; internal test data set, n = 35 [13%]; external test data set, n = 81 [31%]). The DL radiomics nomogram better predicted MTM than the clinical-radiologic model (AUC = 0.91 vs 0.77, respectively, for the training set [P < .001], 0.87 vs 0.72 for the internal test data set [P = .04], and 0.89 vs 0.79 for the external test data set [P = .02]), with similar sensitivity (80% vs 87%, respectively; P = .63) and higher specificity (90% vs 63%; P < .001) in the external test data set. The predicted positive MTM groups based on the DL radiomics nomogram had shorter recurrence-free survival than predicted negative MTM groups in all three data sets (training data set, P = .04; internal test data set, P = .01; and external test data set, P = .03). Conclusion A DL radiomics nomogram derived from multiparametric DECT accurately predicted the MTM subtype in patients with HCC. © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Chu and Fishman in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Yaheng Fan
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Huayu You
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Chao Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Ma Luo
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Anqi Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Lina Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Xiao Yu
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Deng
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Dingyue Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Haimei Chen
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Yuanqiang Xiao
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Bingsheng Huang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
| | - Jin Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (M. Li, C.L., A.L., L.Z., Jinhui Zhou, D.Z., H.C., Y.X., J.W.) and Pathology (Jing Zhou), The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China; Medical AI Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China (Y.F., B.H.); Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (H.Y.); Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China (M. Luo); and Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.Y., W.D., Z.Z.)
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Macrotrabecular-massive subtype-based nomogram to predict early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:505-511. [PMID: 36827535 PMCID: PMC9951792 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the predictive factors on early postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to establish a new nomogram to predict early postoperative recurrence of HCC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 383 patients who had undergone curative resection between February 2012 and September 2020 in our center was performed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with early recurrence, and a nomogram for predicting early recurrence of HCC was established. RESULTS A total of 152/383 patients developed recurrence after surgery, of which 83 had recurrence within 1 year. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥400 ng/ml (P = 0.001), tumor diameter ≥5 cm (P = 0.009) and MVI (P = 0.007 and macrotrabecular-massive HCC (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of HCC. The macrotrabecular-massive-based nomogram obtained a good C-index (0.74) for predicting early recurrence of HCC, and the area under the curve for predicting early recurrence was 0.767, which was better than the single American Joint Committee on Cancer T stage and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on macrotrabecular-massive HCC can effectively predict early postoperative recurrence of HCC.
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Long Y, Chen R, Yu X, Tong Y, Peng X, Li F, Hu C, Sun J, Gong L. Suppression of Tumor or Host Intrinsic CMTM6 Drives Antitumor Cytotoxicity in a PD-L1-Independent Manner. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:241-260. [PMID: 36484740 PMCID: PMC9896022 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 (CMTM6) is known to be a regulator of membranal programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stability and a factor associated with malignancy progression, but the effects and mechanisms of CMTM6 on tumor growth, as well as its potential as a target for therapy, are still largely unknown. Here, we show that CMTM6 expression increased with tumor progression in both patients and mice. Ablation of CMTM6 significantly reduced human and murine tumor growth in a manner dependent on T-cell immunity. Tumor CMTM6 suppression broke resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and remodeled the tumor immune microenvironment, as specific antitumor cytotoxicity was enhanced and contributed primarily to tumor inhibition. Without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CMTM6 suppression still significantly dampened tumor growth dependent on cytotoxic cells. Furthermore, we identified that CMTM6 was widely expressed on immune cells. T-cell CMTM6 levels increased with sustained immune activation and intratumoral immune exhaustion and affected T cell-intrinsic PD-L1 levels. Host CMTM6 knockout significantly restrained tumor growth in a manner dependent on CD8+ T cells and not entirely dependent on PD-L1. Thus, we developed and evaluated the antitumor efficacy of CMTM6-targeting adeno-associated virus (AAV), which effectively mobilized antitumor immunity and could be combined with various antitumor drugs. Our findings reveal that both tumor and host CMTM6 are involved in antitumor immunity with or without the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and that gene therapy targeting CMTM6 is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xionghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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Xing F, Gao H, Chen G, Sun L, Sun J, Qiao X, Xue J, Liu C. CMTM6 overexpression confers trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:6. [PMID: 36627608 PMCID: PMC9830830 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is characterized by invasive growth, rapid metastasis and chemoresistance. Trastuzumab is an effective treatment for HER2+ breast cancer; however, trastuzumab resistance leads to cancer relapse and metastasis. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) has been considered as a new immune checkpoint for tumor-induced immunosuppression. The role of CMTM6 in trastuzumab resistance remains unknown. Here, we uncover a role of CMTM6 in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer. CMTM6 expression was upregulated in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell. Patients with high CMTM6 expressing HER2+ breast cancer had worse overall and progression-free survival than those with low CMTM6 expression. In vitro, CMTM6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of HER2+ breast cancer cells, and promoted their apoptosis, while CMTM6 overexpression reversed these effects. CMTM6 and HER2 proteins were co-localized on the surface of breast cancer cells, and CMTM6 silencing reduced HER2 protein levels in breast cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that CMTM6 directly interacted with HER2 in HER2+ breast cancer cells, and CMTM6 overexpression inhibited HER2 ubiquitination. Collectively, these findings highlight that CMTM6 stabilizes HER2 protein, contributing to trastuzumab resistance and implicate CMTM6 as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Jia D, Xiong L, Xue H, Li J. CMTM6 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and can be used as a biomarker of a poor diagnosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14668. [PMID: 36643629 PMCID: PMC9838204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CMTM6 which is chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like Marvel transmembrane domain containing family member 6 is involved in the occurrence and progression of various tumors. However, the role of CMTM6 is still unclear in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods Immunohistochemical, Western blotting and RT‒PCR methods were used to detect the expression of CMTM6 in LUAD. Cox regression and the Kaplan‒Meier method were performed to assess overall survival. Immunogenic features were evaluated according to immune cell infiltrations, immune checkpoints. The sensitivity to chemotherapy agents was estimated using the pRRophetic package. Results In LUAD, the expression of CMTM6 was obviously upregulated and was significantly associated with T stage (p = 0.008) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that CMTM6 was a specialty prognostic risk factor. Based on GSEA enrichment analysis, we found that high expression of CMTM6 is associated with multiple immune signaling pathways. The group with high CMTM6 expression showed a positive association with various types of tumor-infiltrating cells. Moreover, a total of 36 chemotherapeutic drugs were significantly correlated with the expression of CMTM6. Among them, two chemotherapeutic drugs had better therapeutic effects in the high CMTM6 expression group, while 34 chemotherapeutic drugs had therapeutic effects in the low CMTM6 expression group. Conclusion This study confirmed that CMTM6 is highly expressed in LUAD and is a new independent poor prognostic factor. In addition, the high expression of CMTM6 is closely related to the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy, providing new ideas for the treatment of posterior LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichaun, China
| | - Honggang Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fuxin, Liaoning, China
| | - Jidong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichaun, China
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Meng H, Li S, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang G, Qu Y. Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6: Bioinformatics and experiments in vitro analyze in glioblastoma multiforme. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1026927. [PMID: 36698778 PMCID: PMC9869805 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1026927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is a protein localized to the cell membrane and is known for its ability to co-localize with PD-L1 on the plasma membrane, prevent PD-L1 degradation, and maintain PD-L1 expression on the cell membrane. CMTM6 is highly expressed and plays an important role in various tumors such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), however, its role in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is unclear. Methods In this paper, to investigate the role of CMTM6 in GBM, we analyzed the expression of CMTM6 in GBM, the interaction with CMTM6 and the associated genes by bioinformatics. Importantly, we analyzed the expression of CMTM6 in GBM in relation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunoinhibitors, immunostimulators, chemokines and chemokine receptors. We further analyzed the function of CMTM6 and performed in vitro experiments to verify it. Finally, the sensitivity of CMTM6 to drugs was also analyzed and the relationship between CMTM6 and the anticancer drug Piperlonguminine (PL) was verified in vitro. Results The results showed that CMTM6 was highly expressed in GBM and correlated with multiple genes. Furthermore, CMTM6 is closely related to the immune microenvironment and inflammatory response in GBM. Bioinformatic analysis of CMTM6 correlated with the function of GBM, and our experiments demonstrated that CMTM6 significantly promoted the migration of GBM cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but had no significant effect on other functions. Interestingly, we found that in GBM, PL promotes the expression of CMTM6. Discussion In this paper, we have performed a detailed analysis and validation of the role of CMTM6 in GBM using bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments to demonstrate that CMTM6 may be a potential target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingshu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Guoan Wang, ✉
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China,Yan Qu, ✉
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Xie T, Wei Y, Xu L, Li Q, Che F, Xu Q, Cheng X, Liu M, Yang M, Wang X, Zhang F, Song B, Liu M. Self-supervised contrastive learning using CT images for PD-1/PD-L1 expression prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1103521. [PMID: 36937385 PMCID: PMC10020705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression status, determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of specimens, can discriminate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who can derive the most benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. A non-invasive method of measuring PD-1/PD-L1 expression is urgently needed for clinical decision support. Materials and methods We included a cohort of 87 patients with HCC from the West China Hospital and analyzed 3094 CT images to develop and validate our prediction model. We propose a novel deep learning-based predictor, Contrastive Learning Network (CLNet), which is trained with self-supervised contrastive learning to better extract deep representations of computed tomography (CT) images for the prediction of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Results Our results show that CLNet exhibited an AUC of 86.56% for PD-1 expression and an AUC of 83.93% for PD-L1 expression, outperforming other deep learning and machine learning models. Conclusions We demonstrated that a non-invasive deep learning-based model trained with self-supervised contrastive learning could accurately predict the PD-1 and PD-L1 expression status, and might assist the precision treatment of patients withHCC, in particular the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Xie
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Che
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiyi Yang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Bin Song,
| | - Ming Liu
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Bin Song,
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He C, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yao W, Wang N, Ding W, Wei X, Yang R, Jiang X. Preoperative prediction model for macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma based on contrast-enhanced CT and clinical characteristics: a retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124069. [PMID: 37197418 PMCID: PMC10183567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the predictive value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging features and clinical factors in identifying the macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) preoperatively. Methods This retrospective study included 101 consecutive patients with pathology-proven HCC (35 MTM subtype vs. 66 non-MTM subtype) who underwent liver surgery and preoperative CECT scans from January 2017 to November 2021. The imaging features were evaluated by two board-certified abdominal radiologists independently. The clinical characteristics and imaging findings were compared between the MTM and non-MTM subtypes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of clinical-radiological variables and MTM-HCCs and develop a predictive model. Subgroup analysis was also performed in BCLC 0-A stage patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values and the area under the curve (AUC) was employed to evaluate predictive performance. Results Intratumor hypoenhancement (odds ratio [OR] = 2.724; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.033, 7.467; p = .045), tumors without enhancing capsules (OR = 3.274; 95% CI: 1.209, 9.755; p = .03), high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (≥ 228 ng/mL, OR = 4.101; 95% CI: 1.523, 11.722; p = .006) and high hemoglobin (≥ 130.5 g/L; OR = 3.943; 95% CI: 1.466, 11.710; p = .009) were independent predictors for MTM-HCCs. The clinical-radiologic (CR) model showed the best predictive performance, achieving an AUC of 0.793, sensitivity of 62.9% and specificity of 81.8%. The CR model also effectively identify MTM-HCCs in early-stage (BCLC 0-A stage) patients. Conclusion Combining CECT imaging features and clinical characteristics is an effective method for preoperatively identifying MTM-HCCs, even in early-stage patients. The CR model has high predictive performance and could potentially help guide decision-making regarding aggressive therapies in MTM-HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutong He
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenshuang Ding
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruimeng Yang, ; Xinqing Jiang,
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruimeng Yang, ; Xinqing Jiang,
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Akiba J, Nakayama M, Sadashima E, Kusano H, Kondo R, Mihara Y, Naito Y, Mizuochi S, Yano Y, Kinjo Y, Tsutsui K, Kondo K, Sakai H, Hisaka T, Nakashima O, Yano H. Prognostic impact of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters and macrotrabecular patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154084. [PMID: 36087415 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a high mortality rate. A macrotrabecular (MT) pattern and vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern have been reported as aggressive histological patterns in HCC. However, their cut-off values have been contentious. METHOD Nine hundred eighty-five cases of previously diagnosed HCC were enrolled. The percentage areas of the MT and/or VETC pattern with ≥ 5% at every 10% increment were assessed. Clinicopathological analysis including patients' prognosis was conducted. RESULT One hundred fifty-eight and eighty-four cases were accompanied by 5-49% and ≥ 50% MT components, respectively. Two hundred six and twenty-nine cases had 5-49% and ≥ 50% VETC components, respectively. Cases with these histological patterns in common had aggressive characteristics and worse prognosis compared to cases with none of these patterns. The presence of 5-49% VETC pattern was independent worse prognostic factor in overall survival (P = 0.046). HCCs with the MT pattern and the VETC pattern were significantly accompanied by the VETC pattern and the MT pattern (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION As even 5% of the MT pattern and/or VETC pattern affected the prognosis of patients with HCC, the amount of these pattern should be described in pathological reports. This information could be useful in expecting patients' prognosis and providing proper post-operative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Eiji Sadashima
- Life Science Research Institute, Saga-ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Kase-machi, Oaza, Nakahara 400, Saga 840-8571, Japan.
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Reiichiro Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Mihara
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Shinji Mizuochi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yuta Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Kinjo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Kana Tsutsui
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hisamune Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Yano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi 67, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
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Shao Y, Saaoud F, Cornwell W, Xu K, Kirchhoff A, Lu Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Promote Treg Plasticity to Th17 via Enhancing Trained Immunity. Cells 2022; 11:2810. [PMID: 36139385 PMCID: PMC9497420 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) respond to environmental cues to permit or suppress inflammation, and atherosclerosis weakens Treg suppression and promotes plasticity. However, the effects of smoking plus morphine (SM + M) on Treg plasticity remain unknown. To determine whether SM + M promotes Treg plasticity to T helper 17 (Th17) cells, we analyzed the RNA sequencing data from SM, M, and SM + M treated Tregs and performed knowledge-based and IPA analysis. We demonstrated that (1) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of cytokines, chemokines, and clusters of differentiation (CDs) and modulated the transcripts of kinases and phosphatases in Tregs; (2) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of immunometabolism genes, trained immunity genes, and histone modification enzymes; (3) SM + M increased the transcripts of Th17 transcription factor (TF) RORC and Tfh factor CXCR5 in Tregs; M increased the transcripts of T helper cell 1 (Th1) TF RUNX3 and Th1-Th9 receptor CXCR3; and SM inhibited Treg TGIF1 transcript; (4) six genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with the top-ranked Th17 pathogenic genes; and 57, 39 genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with groups II and group III Th17 pathogenic genes, respectively; (5) SM + M upregulated the transcripts of 70 IPA-TFs, 11 iTregs-specific TFs, and 4 iTregs-Th17 shared TFs; and (6) SM + M, M, and SM downregulated Treg suppression TF Rel (c-Rel); and 35 SM + M downregulated genes were overlapped with Rel-/- Treg downregulated genes. These results provide novel insights on the roles of SM + M in reprogramming Treg transcriptomes and Treg plasticity to Th17 cells and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions involving immunosuppression in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aaron Kirchhoff
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Tan S, Guo X, Bei C, Zhang H, Li D, Zhu X, Tan H. Prognostic significance and immune characteristics of CMTM4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:905. [PMID: 35986302 PMCID: PMC9389844 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has shown that chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family member 4 (CMTM4) can bind and maintain programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to promote tumor progression by alleviating the suppression of tumor-specific T cell activity, suggesting its potential role in tumor immunotherapy. However, the role of CMTM4 in tumor immunity has not been well clarified, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The protein expression of CMTM4/PD-L1/CD4/CD8 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) detection in 90 cases of HCC tissues. The mRNA expression profiles and related prognosis data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC). Two immune therapy cohorts were from Imvigor210 and GSE176307. Results Though the single protein expression of CMTM4, PD-L1, CD4 or CD8 in HCC tissues by IHC detection didn’t show a significant relationship with the prognosis of HCC patients, we found that high co-expression of CMTM4/PD-L1/CD4 showed a good prognosis of HCC patients. Further Timer 2.0 analysis identified that HCC patients with high expression of CMTM4/PD-L1 and high infiltration of CD4+ T cells had a better overall survival than those with low infiltration of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, a series of bioinformatics analyses revealed that CMTM4-related genes posed important effects on prognosis and immunity in HCC patients, and CMTM4 had a positive correlation with infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HCC. At last, we used two immunotherapy cohorts to verify that the combination of CMTM4 with PD-L1 could improve the prognosis of tumor patients underwent immunotherapy. Conclusions CMTM4 and PD-L1 co-expression with T cell infiltration shows prognostic significance in HCC, suggesting combined effect from multiple proteins should be considered in HCC treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09999-y.
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Shan Y, Yu X, Yang Y, Sun J, Wu S, Mao S, Lu C. Nomogram for the Preoperative Prediction of the Macrotrabecular-Massive Subtype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:717-728. [PMID: 35974953 PMCID: PMC9375985 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s373960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The macrotrabecular-massive subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM-HCC) is an aggressive histological type and results in poor prognosis. We developed a nomogram model based on laboratory results to predict the presence of MTM-HCC. Methods A total of 357 HCC patients who underwent radical surgery between January 2015 and December 2020 at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital were grouped according to histological type. After propensity score matching (PSM), 267 patients were divided into MTM-HCC (n = 76) and non-MTM-HCC (n = 191) groups. A LASSO regression analysis model was used to select predictive factors. Finally, a nomogram for predicting the presence of MTM-HCC was established. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted to determine the clinical usefulness of the nomogram model by quantifying the net benefits along with the increase in threshold probabilities. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for MTM-HCC were 60.0%, 36.0%, 32.4% and 92.1%, 68.7%, 52.2%, respectively. Survival analysis indicated that the probabilities of achieving DFS and OS were significantly worse in the MTM-HCC group than in the non-MTM-HCC group (P < 0.05). The nomogram model that included AST levels, PT and AFP levels achieved a better C-index of 0.723 (95% CI: 0.659-0.787). DCA revealed that the nomogram model could lead to net benefits and exhibited a wider range of threshold probabilities in the prediction of MTM-HCC. Conclusion The nomogram model included AST, PT and AFP could achieve an optimal performance in the preoperative prediction of MTM-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Shan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdong Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caide Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315041, People's Republic of China
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Zhang T, Yu H, Dai X, Zhang X. CMTM6 and CMTM4 as two novel regulators of PD-L1 modulate the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971428. [PMID: 35958549 PMCID: PMC9359082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays crucial roles in regulating tumor occurrence, progress, metastasis and drug resistance. However, it remains largely elusive how the components of TME are regulated to govern its functions in tumor biology. Here, we discussed how the two novel functional proteins, chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) and CMTM4, which involved in the post-translational regulation of PD-L1, modulate the TME functions. The roles of CMTM6 and CMTM4 in regulating TME components, including immune cells and tumor cells themselves were discussed in this review. The potential clinical applications of CMTM6 and CMTM4 as biomarkers to predict therapy efficacy and as new or combined immunotherapy targets are also highlighted. Finally, the current hot topics for the biological function of CMTM6/4 and several significant research directions for CMTM6/4 are also briefly summarized in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangpeng Dai, ; Xiaoling Zhang,
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Sessa A, Mulé S, Brustia R, Regnault H, Galletto Pregliasco A, Rhaiem R, Leroy V, Sommacale D, Luciani A, Calderaro J, Amaddeo G. Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Light and Shadow in Current Knowledge. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:661-670. [PMID: 35923611 PMCID: PMC9342198 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s364703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of this narrative review is macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM‐HCC). Despite their rarity, these tumours are of general interest because of their epidemiological and clinical features and for representing a distinct model of the interaction between the angiogenetic system and neoplastic cells. The MTM‐HCC subtype is associated with various adverse biological and pathological parameters (the Alfa-foetoprotein (AFP) serum level, tumour size, vascular invasion, and satellite nodules) and is a key determinant of patient prognosis, with a strong and independent predictive value for early and overall tumour recurrence. Gene expression profiling has demonstrated that angiogenesis activation is a hallmark feature of MTM-HCC, with overexpression of both angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sessa
- Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Correspondence: Giuliana Amaddeo; Anna Sessa, Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, Créteil, 94000, France, Tel +33 149812353, Email ;
| | - Sébastien Mulé
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Medical Imaging Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Raffaele Brustia
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Hélène Regnault
- Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
| | | | - Rami Rhaiem
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic and Digestive Oncological Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
- Reims Champagne-Ardenne University, Reims, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
| | - Daniele Sommacale
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Medical Imaging Department, AP-HP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Department of Pathology, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France
- Correspondence: Giuliana Amaddeo; Anna Sessa, Hepatology Department, APHP, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, Créteil, 94000, France, Tel +33 149812353, Email ;
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Li X, Yao Q, Liu C, Wang J, Zhang H, Li S, Cai P. Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: What Should We Know? J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:379-387. [PMID: 35547829 PMCID: PMC9084381 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s364742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies globally. Recently, a newly identified histological subtype, designated as "macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma" (MTM-HCC), has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and has received extensive attention. MTM-HCC was a strong independent prognostic predictor of early and overall recurrence because it is closely related to tumor molecular subclass, gene mutation, carcinogenesis pathways, and immunohistochemical markers. In addition, preoperative imaging examination can potentially provide an essential clue for diagnosing MTM-HCC, intratumor necrosis or ischemia is an independent predictor for MTM-HCC on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI or CT. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of MTM-HCC could prove beneficial for preventing early recurrence and could improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiandong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huarong Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiguang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People’s Republic of China
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang (Jinyang Hospital), Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng N, Xu P, Zhang X, Xue L. CMTM Family and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1551-1563. [PMID: 35502328 PMCID: PMC9056025 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s358963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract cancers are a highly heterogeneous group of malignant diseases, contributing significantly to the burden of death worldwide. Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) plays important roles in cancer development and progression. Since the first member was cloned, there have been abundant studies on the relationships between the CMTM family and human cancers. It has been reported that the CMTM family has a large potential prognostic value for multiple cancers. Meanwhile, upregulated or downregulated expression of the family members was related to advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and overall survival. Studies have also reported that these proteins play critical roles in antitumor immunity. We performed a systematic review to sum up the latest advances of CMTM family’ roles in gastrointestinal tract cancers, with a primary focus on hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liying Xue, Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 311 86265561, Email
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Tang T, Huang X, Zhang G, Lu M, Hong Z, Wang M, Huang J, Zhi X, Liang T. Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 induces anti-pancreatic cancer immunity by targeting the ATP11B-PD-L1 axis. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004129. [PMID: 35288467 PMCID: PMC8921947 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide deriving from bovine lactoferrin, with the ability to induce cancer immunogenic cell death. However, the mechanism used by LTX-315 to trigger the antitumor immune response is still poorly understood. The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) largely determines the efficacy and effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies targeting this specific immune checkpoint. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential effect and mechanism of LTX-315 in PD-L1 inhibition-induced anti-pancreatic cancer immunity. Methods Both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy and combination therapy. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Multiomic analysis was used to identify the potential target and down-streaming signaling pathway. Both in-house tissue microarray and open accessed The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets were used to evaluate the clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer prognosis. Results LTX-315 treatment inhibited PD-L1 expression and enhanced lymphocyte infiltration in pancreatic tumors. ATP11B was identified as a potential target of LTX-315 and a critical regulator in maintaining PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. As regards the mechanism, ATP11B interacted with PD-L1 in a CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6)-dependent manner. The depletion of ATP11B promoted CMTM6-mediated lysosomal degradation of PD-L1, thus reactivating the immune microenvironment and inducing an antitumor immune response. The significant correlation among ATP11B, CMTM6, and PD-L1 was confirmed in clinical samples of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions LTX-315 was first identified as a peptide drug inducing PD-L1 downregulation via ATP11B. Therefore, LTX-315, or the development of ATP11B-targeting drugs, might improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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The clinical and prognostic significance of CMTM6/PD-L1 in oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1478-1491. [PMID: 35278198 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of CMTM6 and to a lesser extent CMTM4, two members of the chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family, as master positive regulators of PD-L1 expression, the primary ligand of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), on tumor and immune cells has opened new horizons for investigating the role of CMTM6/CMTM4 in different aspects of oncology including their clinical and prognostic values in different cancer types. The absence of a specific review article addressing the available results about the clinical and prognostic roles of CMTM6 alone and/or in combination with PD-L1 in cancer has encouraged us to write this paper.
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Yin B, Ding J, Hu H, Yang M, Huang B, Dong W, Li F, Han L. Overexpressed CMTM6 Improves Prognosis and Associated With Immune Infiltrates of Ovarian Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:769032. [PMID: 35174213 PMCID: PMC8841687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.769032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OV) is an epithelial malignancy that intrigues people for its high mortality and lack of efficient treatment. Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)–like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) can be observed in various cancers, but its part in OV remains little known. Hence, the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of CMTM6 in OV were preliminarily evaluated. Here, we determined that CMTM6 expression was higher than that in normal controls. However, the upregulation of CMTM6 was associated with better prognosis. GSEA results suggested that CMTM6 is involved in the immune-related and metabolism-related pathways. GO/KEGG analysis of CMTM6 coexpressed genes was performed to survey the possible regulatory roles of CMTM6 in OV. Subsequently, CMTM6 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and the expression of diverse immune cell marker sets. Importantly, CMTM6 may influence prognosis partially by regulating immune infiltration in OV. Last, copy number variations (CNVs) and DNA methylation might prompt the abnormal CMTM6 expression in OV. In conclusion, CMTM6 can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyou Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Dong, ; Fang Li, ; Lingfei Han,
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Dong, ; Fang Li, ; Lingfei Han,
| | - Lingfei Han
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Dong, ; Fang Li, ; Lingfei Han,
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35
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Zhang X, Wang S, Nie RC, Qu C, Chen J, Yang Y, Cai M. Immune Microenvironment Characteristics of Urachal Carcinoma and Its Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030615. [PMID: 35158883 PMCID: PMC8833550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urachal carcinoma (UrC) is an exceedingly rare tumor and lacks effective treatment. Herein, we characterized an immune microenvironment characteristic of UrC in detail and identified its implications for prognosis and immunotherapy. In total, 37 resections of UrC were stained for CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, HLA-DR, CD163, PD1, and PD-L1, as well as mismatch repair protein including MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 by immunohistochemistry. Intratumoral and peritumoral immune cell densities or the proportion of PD1 and PD-L1 expression alongside MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 status were manually evaluated using the whole slide. UrC patients with the number of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) per slide tended to be higher in tumors with dMMR (p = 0.1919), and tumors with higher number of TLS tended to have longer OS (p = 0.0940) and DFS (p = 0.0700). High densities of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD68+ cells were significantly associated with worse OS and DFS (both p<0.05). Increased intratumoral (p = 0.0111) and peritumoral (p = 0.0485) CD8+ T cell densities were significantly associated with PD-L1 expression or increasing proportion of PD-L1 expression on immune cells. Similarly, increased intratumoral (p = 0.0008) and peritumoral (p = 0.063) CD8+ T cell densities were significantly associated with increasing proportion of PD1 expression on immune cells. Tumors with PD-L1 positive expression on immune cells had a significantly increased proportion of PD1 expression (p = 0.0121). High peritumoral CD8+ T cell density (>73.7/mm2) was significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.0120) and DFS (p = 0.00095). The number of TLS seems to be considered not only as histopathological characteristics in predicting MMR status of UrC, but also as a prognostic or therapeutic biomarker, and we also provide some important suggestions for targeting PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in UrC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Suijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Run-Cong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Chunhua Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Jierong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8734-2274 (M.C.)
| | - Muyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (X.Z.); (S.W.); (R.-C.N.); (C.Q.); (J.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-20-8734-2274 (M.C.)
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Wang H, Fan Y, Chen W, Lv Z, Wu S, Xuan Y, Wang C, Lu Y, Guo T, Shen D, Zhang F, Huang Q, Gao Y, Li H, Ma X, Wang B, Huang Y, Zhang X. Loss of CMTM6 promotes DNA damage-induced cellular senescence and antitumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2011673. [PMID: 35024247 PMCID: PMC8747516 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2011673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family member 6 (CMTM6) promotes tumor progression and modulates tumor immunity by regulating programmed death-ligand 1 stability; however, its intrinsic functions and regulatory mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood. Here, we show that CMTM6 is upregulated in ccRCC tissues and is strongly associated with advanced tumor grades, early metastases, and a worse prognosis. CMTM6 depletion significantly impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro and in xenograft mouse models in vivo. In addition, targeting CMTM6 promotes anti-tumor immunity, represented by increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in syngeneic graft mouse models. Further research revealed that loss of CMTM6 triggered aberrant activation of DNA damage response, resulting in micronucleus formation and G2/M checkpoint arrest, finally leading to cellular senescence with robust upregulation of numerous chemokines and cytokines. Our findings show for the first time the novel role of CMTM6 in maintaining cancer genome stability and facilitating tumor-mediated immunosuppression, linking DNA damage signaling to the secretion of inflammatory factors. Targeting CMTM6 may improve the treatment of patients with advanced ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfeng Wang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengpan Wu
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundong Xuan
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Lu
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Paediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Shen
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Huang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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CMTM6, a potential immunotherapy target. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:47-56. [PMID: 34783871 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 (CMTM6), which binds to the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and stabilizes the expression of PD-L1 on the cell surface, has been recently discovered as a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression in cancer. PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint inhibitory molecule that can mediate the immune escape of tumor cells in various tumors and has been studied intensively in recent years. In 2017, two articles simultaneously reported that CMTM6 can stabilize the expression of PD-L1 on the plasma membrane and prevent PD-L1 from being degraded by lysosomes; therefore, CMTM6 may play an important role in tumor cell immune escape and immunosuppression. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between the expression of CMTM6 and PD-L1 in different tumors and diseases. These studies together suggested that CMTM6 may be a potential novel immunotherapy target. In this review, we briefly describe the latest research progresses of CMTM6 in various cancers and other diseases.
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Co-Expression with Membrane CMTM6/4 on Tumor Epithelium Enhances the Prediction Value of PD-L1 on Anti-PD-1/L1 Therapeutic Efficacy in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205175. [PMID: 34680324 PMCID: PMC8533876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapeutic efficacy is low even in PD-L1 positive patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Based on the results of 6-color multiplex immunofluorescence staining of the gastric tumor tissues in tissue array and 48-case pre-immunotherapy patients, a better prognostic value was found in the membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in tumor epithelial cells than PD-L1 alone. The membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 can be used as a valuable tool for precision pre-immunotherapy patient screening in gastric adenocarcinoma. Abstract Anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy has been intensively used in heavily treated population with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the immunotherapeutic efficacy is low even in PD-L1 positive patients. We aimed to establish a new strategy based on the co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 for patient stratification before immunotherapy. By analyzing the data obtained from TCGA and single-cell RNA sequencing at the mRNA level, and 6-color multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues in tissue array and 48-case pre-immunotherapy patients at the protein level, we found that CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 co-expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal regions of gastric adenocarcinoma. The tumor tissues had higher levels of CMTM6/4 expression than their adjacent ones. A positive correlation was found between the expression of CMTM6/4 and the expression of PD-L1 in tumor epithelium. Epithelial co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in gastric tumor region was associated with shorter overall survival but better short-term response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Thus, we developed a predictive model and three pathological patterns based on the membrane co-expression of CMTM6/4 and PD-L1 in tumor epithelial cells for pre-immunotherapy patient screening in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Tian Y, Komolafe TE, Zheng J, Zhou G, Chen T, Zhou B, Yang X. Assessing PD-L1 Expression Level via Preoperative MRI in HCC Based on Integrating Deep Learning and Radiomics Features. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1875. [PMID: 34679573 PMCID: PMC8534850 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess if quantitative integrated deep learning and radiomics features can predict the PD-L1 expression level in preoperative MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The data in this study consist of 103 hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received immunotherapy in a single center. These patients were divided into a high PD-L1 expression group (30 patients) and a low PD-L1 expression group (73 patients). Both radiomics and deep learning features were extracted from their MRI sequence of T2-WI, which were merged into an integrative feature space for machine learning for the prediction of PD-L1 expression. The five-fold cross-validation was adopted to validate the performance of the model, while the AUC was used to assess the predictive ability of the model. Based on the five-fold cross-validation, the integrated model achieved the best prediction performance, with an AUC score of 0.897 ± 0.084, followed by the deep learning-based model with an AUC of 0.852 ± 0.043 then the radiomics-based model with AUC of 0.794 ± 0.035. The feature set integrating radiomics and deep learning features is more effective in predicting PD-L1 expression level than only one feature type. The integrated model can achieve fast and accurate prediction of PD-L1 expression status in preoperative MRI of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Tian
- Academy of Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | | | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
| | - Guofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Academy of Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
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40
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Vathiotis IA, Gomatou G, Stravopodis DJ, Syrigos N. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 as a Regulator of Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105383. [PMID: 34065396 PMCID: PMC8160779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint has long been implicated in modeling antitumor immunity; PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors exert their antitumor effects by relieving PD-L1-mediated suppression on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. However, recent studies have unveiled a distinct, tumor-intrinsic, potential role for PD-L1. In this review, we focus on tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling and delve into preclinical evidence linking PD-L1 protein expression with features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, cancer stemness and known oncogenic pathways. We further summarize data from studies supporting the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in different tumor types. We show that PD-L1 may indeed have oncogenic potential and act as a regulator of tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Vathiotis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-69-4882-2683
| | - Georgia Gomatou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Syrigos
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (N.S.)
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41
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Xu Y, Song G, Xie S, Jiang W, Chen X, Chu M, Hu X, Wang ZW. The roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in the prognosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1958-1969. [PMID: 33932597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have confirmed that programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 play pivotal roles in the treatment of numerous tumors. Patients suffering from cancer are provided hope in the form of immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the finding that high PD-L1 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer patients. Some molecules exert their antitumor effects by downregulating PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer. Additionally, we discuss and summarize the important roles played by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and its combination with other drugs, including chemotherapy and vaccines, in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gendi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shangdan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Vij M, Calderaro J. Pathologic and molecular features of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:393-410. [PMID: 33959223 PMCID: PMC8080551 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological diversity and several new distinct pathologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are now well-recognized. Recent advances in tumor genomics and transcriptomics have identified several recurrent somatic/genetic alterations that are closely related with histomorphological subtypes and have therefore, greatly improved our understanding of HCC pathogenesis. Pathologic subtyping allows for a diagnosis which is clinically helpful and can have important implication in patient prognostication as some of these subtypes are extremely aggressive with vascular invasion, early recurrence, and worst outcomes. Several targeted treatments are now being considered in HCC, and the reporting of subtypes may be quite useful for personalized therapeutic purpose. This manuscript reviews the recently identified histomorphological subtypes and molecular alterations in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Vij
- Department ofPathology, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Center, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor, Creteil F-94010, France
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Ishihara S, Iwasaki T, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Toda Y, Ito Y, Susuki Y, Kawaguchi K, Takamatsu D, Kawatoko S, Kiyozawa D, Mori T, Kinoshita I, Yamamoto H, Fujiwara T, Setsu N, Endo M, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Oda Y. The association between the expression of PD-L1 and CMTM6 in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2003-2011. [PMID: 33811537 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a sarcoma with a poor prognosis. A clinical trial, SARC028, revealed that treatment with anti-PD-1 drugs was effective against UPS. Studies have reported that UPS expresses PD-L1, sometimes strongly (≥ 50%). However, the mechanism of PD-L1 expression in UPS has remained unclear. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) was identified as a novel regulator of PD-L1 expression. The positive relationship between PD-L1 and CMTM6 has been reported in several studies. The aim of this study was thus to examine CMTM6 expression in UPS and evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 and CMTM6 in this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-one primary UPS samples were subjected to CMTM6 and PD-L1 immunostaining. CMTM6 expression was assessed using proportion and intensity scores. CMTM6 gene copy number was also evaluated using a real-time PCR-based copy number assay. We also analyzed the mRNA expression and copy number variation of PD-L1 and CMTM6 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. RESULTS TCGA data indicated that the mRNAs encoded by genes located around 3p22 were coexpressed with CMTM6 mRNA in UPS. Both proportion and intensity scores of CMTM6 positively correlated with strong PD-L1 expression (≥ 50%) (both p = 0.023). CMTM6 copy number gain increased CMTM6 expression. Patients with UPS with a high CMTM6 intensity score had a worse prognosis for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS UPS showed variation in CMTM6 copy number and CMTM6 expression. CMTM6 expression was significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression, especially with strong PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ishihara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Toda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yousuke Susuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dai Takamatsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawatoko
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kiyozawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taro Mori
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Izumi Kinoshita
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Li M, Luo F, Tian X, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Chemokine-Like Factor-Like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-Containing Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Latest Advances. Front Oncol 2020; 10:595973. [PMID: 33282744 PMCID: PMC7691587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) is a new gene family, consisting of CKLF and CMTM1 to CMTM8, which plays an important role in hematopoiesis system, autoimmune diseases, male reproduction etc. Abnormal expression of CMTMs is also associated with tumor genesis, development and metastasis. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of CMTM family, outline its functions in multiple kinds of carcinomas, and summarize the latest research on their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma which are mainly related to the expression, prognostic effect, potential functions, and mechanism of action. The CMTM family is expected to provide new ideas and targets for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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