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Sferruzza G, Consoli S, Dono F, Evangelista G, Giugno A, Pronello E, Rollo E, Romozzi M, Rossi L, Pensato U. A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2561-2578. [PMID: 38308708 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the prognosis of many cancers, increasing the hope for HGG therapy. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to include relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifty-two papers were finally included (44 phase II and eight phase III clinical trials) and further divided into four different subgroups: 14 peptide vaccine trials, 15 dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) trials, six immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials, and 17 miscellaneous group trials that included both "active" and "passive" immunotherapies. In the last decade, immunotherapy created great hope to increase the survival of patients affected by HGGs; however, it has yielded mostly dismal results in the setting of phase III clinical trials. An in-depth analysis of these clinical results provides clues about common patterns that have led to failures at the clinical level and helps shape the perspective for the next generation of immunotherapies in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sferruzza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Consoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giacomo Evangelista
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Giugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pronello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rollo
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Pensato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
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Nishiyama H, Yonese J, Kawahara T, Matsumoto R, Miyake H, Matsubara N, Uemura H, Eto M, Azuma H, Obara W, Terai A, Fukasawa S, Suekane S. TAS0313 plus Pembrolizumab for Post-Chemotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Naïve Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:532-540. [PMID: 38060587 PMCID: PMC10985476 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of TAS0313, a multi-epitope long peptide vaccine, plus pembrolizumab in post-chemotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor-naïve patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). TAS0313 9 mg was administered subcutaneously followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg on Day 1, and as monotherapy on Day 8 and 15 of Cycles 1 and 2, and Day 1 of subsequent cycles in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Biomarkers of response were assessed. In 36 patients enrolled, the ORR was 33.3% (complete response: 7 patients; partial response: 5 patients). Median PFS was 5.0 months; 6- and 12-month progression-free rates were 46.4% and 36.5%, respectively. Median OS was not reached; 6-, 12-, and 24-month OS rates were 83.3%, 72.2%, and 55.1%, respectively. In post hoc analysis, patients with a tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocyte (CD8+ TIL) count ≥99 and/or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥50 and lymphocyte count >1,380 cells/μL had higher ORRs and prolonged PFS versus patients with a CD8+ TIL count <99, PD-L1 CPS <50, and lymphocyte count ≤1,380 cells/μL. Thirty-four (94.4%) patients receiving combination therapy experienced treatment-related adverse events (AE), with pyrexia (n = 15, 41.7%), injection-site reactions (n = 15, 41.7%), injection-site induration (n = 6, 16.7%), and malaise (n = 6, 16.7%) the most common. No grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs occurred in ≥10% of patients. TAS0313 plus pembrolizumab combination therapy showed promising efficacy and manageable safety in la/mUC. Clinical Trial Registration: JapicCTI-183824.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyake
- Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Akito Terai
- Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukasawa
- Prostate Center and Division of Urology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Suekane
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032020. [PMID: 36768342 PMCID: PMC9917056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS neoplasms are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, and many therapies directed at primary brain tumors have proven unsuccessful despite their success in preclinical studies. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has emerged as a critical aspect of primary CNS neoplasms that may affect their malignancy, prognosis, and response to therapy across patients and tumor grades. This review covers the tumor microenvironment of various primary CNS neoplasms, with a focus on glioblastoma and meningioma. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies based on elements of the tumor microenvironment, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immunotherapeutic vaccines, are discussed.
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