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Kralicek K, Ver Hoef JM, Barrett TM, Temesgen H. Spatial Bayesian models project shifts in suitable habitat for Pacific Northwest tree species under climate change. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Schloss CA, Cameron DR, McRae BH, Theobald DM, Jones A. "No-regrets" pathways for navigating climate change: planning for connectivity with land use, topography, and climate. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02468. [PMID: 34614272 PMCID: PMC9285781 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As both plant and animal species shift their ranges in response to a changing climate, maintaining connectivity between present habitat and suitable habitat in the future will become increasingly important to ensure lasting protection for biodiversity. Because the temporal period commensurate with planning for mid-century change is multi-generational for most species, connectivity designed to facilitate climate adaptation requires pathways with 'stepping-stones' between current and future habitat. These areas should have habitats suitable not only for dispersal, but for all aspects of species lifecycles. We integrated present-day land use, topographic diversity, and projections of shifting climate regimes into a single connectivity modeling approach to identify pathways for mid-century shifts in species ranges. Using Omniscape we identified climate linkages, or areas important for climate change-driven movement, as the areas with more current flow than would be expected in the absence of climate considerations. This approach identified connectivity potential between natural lands in the present climate and natural lands with future analogous climate following topo-climatically diverse routes. We then translated the model output into a strategic framework to improve interpretation and to facilitate a more direct connection with conservation action. Across modified landscapes, pathways important to climate-driven movement were highly coincident with the last remaining present-day linkages, reinforcing their importance. Across unfragmented lands, the presence of climate-adapted pathways helped inform the prioritization of conservation actions in areas where multiple connectivity options still exist. Many climate linkages follow major watercourses along elevational gradients, highlighting the importance of protecting or managing for these natural linear pathways that provide movement routes for climate adaptation. By integrating enduring landscape features with climate projections and present-day land uses, our approach reveals "no-regrets" pathways to plan for a connected landscape in an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brad H. McRae
- The Nature ConservancyNorth America RegionFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Abstract
Climate-wise connectivity is essential to provide species access to suitable habitats in the future, yet we lack a consistent means of quantifying climate adaptation benefits of habitat linkages. Species range shifts to cooler climates have been widely observed, suggesting we should protect pathways providing access to cooler locations. However, in topographically diverse regions, the effects of elevation, seasonality, and proximity to large water bodies are complex drivers of biologically relevant temperature gradients. Here, we identify potential terrestrial and riparian linkages and their cooling benefit using mid-century summer and winter temperature extremes for interior coastal ranges in Northern California. It is rare for the same area to possess both terrestrial and riparian connectivity value. Our analysis reveals distinct differences in the magnitude and orientation of cooling benefits between the summer maximum and winter minimum temperatures provided by the linkages we delineated for the area. The cooling benefits for both linkage types were maximized to the west during summer, but upslope and to the northeast during winter. The approach we employ here provides an improved method to prioritize climate-wise connectivity and promote landscape resilience for topographically diverse regions.
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Copes-Gerbitz K, Arabas K, Larson E, Gildehaus S. A Multi-Proxy Environmental Narrative of Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana) Habitat in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3955/046.091.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz
- Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz1, 2 and Karen Arabas, Environmental and Earth Sciences Department, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301
- Current address: Forest and Conservation Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen Arabas
- Kelsey Copes-Gerbitz1, 2 and Karen Arabas, Environmental and Earth Sciences Department, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301
| | - Evan Larson
- Evan Larson, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, 1 University Plaza, Platteville, Wisconsin 53818
| | - Stevie Gildehaus
- Stevie Gildehaus, Environmental and Earth Sciences Department, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, Oregon 97301
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Goring SJ, Williams JW. Effect of historical land-use and climate change on tree-climate relationships in the upper Midwestern United States. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:461-470. [PMID: 28266093 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary forest inventory data are widely used to understand environmental controls on tree species distributions and to construct models to project forest responses to climate change, but the stability and representativeness of contemporary tree-climate relationships are poorly understood. We show that tree-climate relationships for 15 tree genera in the upper Midwestern US have significantly altered over the last two centuries due to historical land-use and climate change. Realised niches have shifted towards higher minimum temperatures and higher rainfall. A new attribution method implicates both historical climate change and land-use in these shifts, with the relative importance varying among genera and climate variables. Most climate/land-use interactions are compounding, in which historical land-use reinforces shifts in species-climate relationships toward wetter distributions, or confounding, in which land-use complicates shifts towards warmer distributions. Compounding interactions imply that contemporary-based models of species distributions may underestimate species resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Goring
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin, Madison, 550 N Park St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John W Williams
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin, Madison, 550 N Park St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1225 W Dayton St., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Schuster R, Arcese P. Effects of disputes and easement violations on the cost-effectiveness of land conservation. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1185. [PMID: 26413430 PMCID: PMC4581774 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation initiatives to protect and restore valued species communities in human-dominated landscapes face challenges linked to their potential costs. Conservation easements on private land may represent a cost-effective alternative to land purchase, but long-term costs to monitor and enforce easements, or defend legal challenges, remain uncertain. We explored the cost-effectiveness of conservation easements, defined here as the fraction of the high-biodiversity landscape potentially protected via investment in easements versus land purchase. We show that easement violation and dispute rates substantially affect the estimated long-term cost-effectiveness of an easement versus land purchase strategy. Our results suggest that conservation easements can outperform land purchase as a strategy to protect biodiversity as long as the rate of disputes and legal challenges is low, pointing to a critical need for monitoring data to reduce costs and maximize the value of conservation investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schuster
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver British Columbia , Canada
| | - Peter Arcese
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver British Columbia , Canada
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Schuster R, Martin TG, Arcese P. Bird community conservation and carbon offsets in western North America. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99292. [PMID: 24918621 PMCID: PMC4053395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation initiatives to protect and restore valued species and communities in human-dominated landscapes face huge challenges linked to the cost of acquiring habitat. We ask how the sale of forest carbon offsets could reduce land acquisition costs, and how the alternate goals of maximizing α or β-diversity in focal communities could affect the prioritization land parcels over a range of conservation targets. Maximizing total carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential reduced land acquisition costs by up to 48%. Maximizing β rather than α-diversity within forest and savannah bird communities reduced acquisition costs by up to 15%, and when these solutions included potential carbon credit revenues, acquisition cost reductions up to 32% were achieved. However, the total cost of conservation networks increased exponentially as area targets increased in all scenarios. Our results indicate that carbon credit sales have the potential to enhance conservation outcomes in human-dominated landscapes by reducing the net acquisition costs of land conservation in old and maturing forests essential for the persistence of old forest plant and animal communities. Maximizing β versus α-diversity may further reduce costs by reducing the total area required to meet conservation targets and enhancing landscape heterogeneity. Although the potential value of carbon credit sales declined as a fraction of total acquisition costs, even conservative scenarios using a carbon credit value of $12.5/T suggest reductions in acquisition cost of up to $235 M, indicating that carbon credit sales could substantially reduce the costs of conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schuster
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Tara G. Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Ecosciences Precinct, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Arcese
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bakker JD, Colasurdo LB, Evans JR. Enhancing Garry Oak Seedling Performance in a Semiarid Environment. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.3955/046.086.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, Washington 98195-4115
| | - Laura Blume Colasurdo
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, Washington 98195-4115
| | - James R. Evans
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354115, Seattle, Washington 98195-4115
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