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Borghesani M, Gervaso L, Cella CA, Benini L, Ciardiello D, Algeri L, Ferrero A, Valenza C, Guidi L, Zampino MG, Spada F, Fazio N. Promising targetable biomarkers in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:387-398. [PMID: 37743651 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2248239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the treatment scenario of PanNETs-targeted therapies are desired but limited, as rarity and heterogeneity on PanNETs pose limitations to their development. AREAS COVERED We performed a literature review searching for promising druggable biomarkers and potential treatments to be implemented in the next future. We focused on treatments which have already reached clinical experimentation, although in early phases. Six targets were identified, namely Hsp90, HIFa, HDACs, CDKs, uPAR, and DDR. Even though biological rational is strong, so far reported efficacy outcomes are quite disappointing. The reason of that should be searched in the patients' heterogeneity, lack of biomarker selection, poor knowledge of interfering mechanisms as well as difficulties in patients accrual. Moreover, different ways to assess treatment efficacy should be considered, other than response rate, in light of the more indolent nature of NETs. EXPERT OPINION Development of targeted treatments in PanNETs is still an uncovered area, far behind other more frequent cancers. Rarity of NETs led to accrual of unselected populations, possibly jeopardizing the drug efficacy. Better patients' selection, both in terms of topography, grading and biomarkers is crucial and will help understanding which role targeted therapies can really play in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borghesani
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - L Gervaso
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, IT, Italy
| | - C A Cella
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - L Benini
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - D Ciardiello
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - L Algeri
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - A Ferrero
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - C Valenza
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - M G Zampino
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - F Spada
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
| | - N Fazio
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Cancer Medical Treatment, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, IT, Italy
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Naito Y, Nishida T, Doi T. Current status of and future prospects for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:339-351. [PMID: 36913072 PMCID: PMC10115693 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are soft-tissue sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgery is the standard treatment for localised disease, but the risk of relapse and progression to more advanced disease is substantial. Following the discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying GISTs, targeted therapies for advanced GIST were developed, with the first being the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib. Imatinib is recommended in international guidelines as first-line therapy to reduce the risk of GIST relapse in high-risk patients, and for locally advanced, inoperable and metastatic disease. Unfortunately, imatinib resistance frequently occurs and, therefore, second-line (sunitinib) and third-line (regorafenib) TKIs have been developed. Treatment options are limited for patients with GIST that has progressed despite these therapies. A number of other TKIs for advanced/metastatic GIST have been approved in some countries. Ripretinib is approved as fourth-line treatment of GIST and avapritinib is approved for GIST harbouring specific genetic mutations, while larotrectinib and entrectinib are approved for solid tumours (including GIST) with specific genetic mutations. In Japan, pimitespib, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, is now available as a fourth-line therapy for GIST. Clinical studies of pimitespib have indicated that it has good efficacy and tolerability, importantly not displaying the ocular toxicity of previously developed HSP90 inhibitors. Additional approaches for advanced GIST have been investigated, including alternative uses of currently available TKIs (such as combination therapy), novel TKIs, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapies. Given the poor prognosis of advanced GIST, the development of new therapies remains an important goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Naito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Tatli O, Dinler Doganay G. Recent Developments in Targeting RAS Downstream Effectors for RAS-Driven Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247561. [PMID: 34946644 PMCID: PMC8703923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of oncogenic rat sarcoma virus (RAS) protein promotes tumor growth and progression. RAS-driven cancers comprise more than 30% of all human cancers and are refractory to frontline treatment strategies. Since direct targeting of RAS has proven challenging, efforts have been centered on the exploration of inhibitors for RAS downstream effector kinases. Two major RAS downstream signaling pathways, including the Raf/MEK/Erk cascade and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, have become compelling targets for RAS-driven cancer therapy. However, the main drawback in the blockade of a single RAS effector is the multiple levels of crosstalk and compensatory mechanisms between these two pathways that contribute to drug resistance against monotherapies. A growing body of evidence reveals that the sequential or synergistic inhibition of multiple RAS effectors is a more convenient route for the efficacy of cancer therapy. Herein, we revisit the recent developments and discuss the most promising modalities targeting canonical RAS downstream effectors for the treatment of RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Tatli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34720, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doganay
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics-Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-2122-857-256
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Abstract
Background Ocular adverse events are common dose-limiting toxicities in cancer patients treated with HSP90 inhibitors, such as AUY922; however, the pathology and molecular mechanisms that mediate AUY922-induced retinal toxicity remain undescribed. Methods The impact of AUY922 on mouse retinas and cell lines was comprehensively investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‑based proteomic profiling and pathway enrichment analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, MTT assay, colony formation assay, and western blot analysis. The effect of AUY922 on the Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1)-HSP90 chaperone complex was characterized by coimmunoprecipitation. TRPM1-regulated gene expression was analyzed by RNAseq analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The role of TRPM1 was assessed using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches. Results Here, we show that the treatment with AUY922 induced retinal damage and cell apoptosis, dysregulated the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layers, and reduced TRPM1 expression. Proteomic profiling and functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins reveals that those related to stress responses, protein folding processes, regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle and growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response, cell junction assembly and adhesion regulation, and proton transmembrane transport were significantly enriched in AUY922-treated cells. We found that AUY922 triggered caspase-3-dependent cell apoptosis, increased ROS production and inhibited cell growth. We determined that TRPM1 is a bona fide HSP90 client and characterized that AUY922 may reduce TRPM1 expression by disrupting the CDC37-HSP90 chaperone complex. Additionally, GSEA revealed that TRPM1-regulated genes were associated with retinal morphogenesis in camera-type eyes and the JAK-STAT cascade. Finally, gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses validated the finding that TRPM1 mediated the cell apoptosis, ROS production and growth inhibition induced by AUY922. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the pathology of AUY922-induced retinal toxicity in vivo. TRPM1 is an HSP90 client, regulates photoreceptor morphology and function, and mediates AUY922-induced cytotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00751-5.
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Brock K, Homer V, Soul G, Potter C, Chiuzan C, Lee S. Is more better? An analysis of toxicity and response outcomes from dose-finding clinical trials in cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:777. [PMID: 34225682 PMCID: PMC8256624 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overwhelming majority of dose-escalation clinical trials use methods that seek a maximum tolerable dose, including rule-based methods like the 3+3, and model-based methods like CRM and EWOC. These methods assume that the incidences of efficacy and toxicity always increase as dose is increased. This assumption is widely accepted with cytotoxic therapies. In recent decades, however, the search for novel cancer treatments has broadened, increasingly focusing on inhibitors and antibodies. The rationale that higher doses are always associated with superior efficacy is less clear for these types of therapies. METHODS We extracted dose-level efficacy and toxicity outcomes from 115 manuscripts reporting dose-finding clinical trials in cancer between 2008 and 2014. We analysed the outcomes from each manuscript using flexible non-linear regression models to investigate the evidence supporting the monotonic efficacy and toxicity assumptions. RESULTS We found that the monotonic toxicity assumption was well-supported across most treatment classes and disease areas. In contrast, we found very little evidence supporting the monotonic efficacy assumption. CONCLUSIONS Our conclusion is that dose-escalation trials routinely use methods whose assumptions are violated by the outcomes observed. As a consequence, dose-finding trials risk recommending unjustifiably high doses that may be harmful to patients. We recommend that trialists consider experimental designs that allow toxicity and efficacy outcomes to jointly determine the doses given to patients and recommended for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Brock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Victoria Homer
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurjinder Soul
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cody Chiuzan
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shing Lee
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Serwetnyk MA, Blagg BS. The disruption of protein-protein interactions with co-chaperones and client substrates as a strategy towards Hsp90 inhibition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1446-1468. [PMID: 34221862 PMCID: PMC8245820 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 90-kiloDalton (kD) heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous, ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose primary function is to ensure the proper folding of several hundred client protein substrates. Because many of these clients are overexpressed or become mutated during cancer progression, Hsp90 inhibition has been pursued as a potential strategy for cancer as one can target multiple oncoproteins and signaling pathways simultaneously. The first discovered Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and radicicol, function by competitively binding to Hsp90's N-terminal binding site and inhibiting its ATPase activity. However, most of these N-terminal inhibitors exhibited detrimental activities during clinical evaluation due to induction of the pro-survival heat shock response as well as poor selectivity amongst the four isoforms. Consequently, alternative approaches to Hsp90 inhibition have been pursued and include C-terminal inhibition, isoform-selective inhibition, and the disruption of Hsp90 protein-protein interactions. Since the Hsp90 protein folding cycle requires the assembly of Hsp90 into a large heteroprotein complex, along with various co-chaperones and immunophilins, the development of small molecules that prevent assembly of the complex offers an alternative method of Hsp90 inhibition.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Aha1, activator of Hsp90 ATPase homologue 1
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- Cdc37, cell division cycle 37
- Disruptors
- Grp94, 94-kD glucose-regulated protein
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducing factor-1α
- HIP, Hsp70-interaction protein
- HOP, Hsp70‒Hsp90 organizing protein
- HSQC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence
- Her-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- Hsp90
- Hsp90, 90-kD heat shock protein
- MD, middle domain
- NTD, N-terminal domain
- Natural products
- PPI, protein−protein interaction
- Peptidomimetics
- Protein−protein interactions
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier
- Small molecules
- TPR2A, tetratricopeptide-containing repeat 2A
- TRAP1, Hsp75tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1
- TROSY, transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene
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Epp-Ducharme B, Dunne M, Fan L, Evans JC, Ahmed L, Bannigan P, Allen C. Heat-activated nanomedicine formulation improves the anticancer potential of the HSP90 inhibitor luminespib in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11103. [PMID: 34045581 PMCID: PMC8160139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, luminespib, has demonstrated potent preclinical activity against numerous cancers. However, clinical translation has been impeded by dose-limiting toxicities that have necessitated dosing schedules which have reduced therapeutic efficacy. As such, luminespib is a prime candidate for reformulation using advanced drug delivery strategies that improve tumor delivery efficiency and limit off-target side effects. Specifically, thermosensitive liposomes are proposed as a drug delivery strategy capable of delivering high concentrations of drug to the tumor in combination with other chemotherapeutic molecules. Indeed, this work establishes that luminespib exhibits synergistic activity in lung cancer in combination with standard of care drugs such as cisplatin and vinorelbine. While our research team has previously developed thermosensitive liposomes containing cisplatin or vinorelbine, this work presents the first liposomal formulation of luminespib. The physico-chemical properties and heat-triggered release of the formulation were characterized. Cytotoxicity assays were used to determine the optimal drug ratios for treatment of luminespib in combination with cisplatin or vinorelbine in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The formulation and drug combination work presented in this paper offer the potential for resuscitation of the clinical prospects of a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Dunne
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Linyu Fan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - James C Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lubabah Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Pauric Bannigan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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18F-Radiolabeling and Preliminary Evaluation of a HSP 90 ligand. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105647. [PMID: 33221456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the ambition of improving the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs), we developed and preliminary validated a novel fluorine-18 labelled HSP90 ligand. METHODS A precursor containing methoxymethyl ethers protecting groups and a tosyl as leaving group was synthesized. The target compound was labeled with nucleophilic 18F-fluoride and the protecting groups was subsequently removed with hydrochloric acid before purification. In vitro cell- and frozen section autoradiography and in vivo animal studies were performed. RESULTS The precursor was successfully synthesized and utilized in the 18F-radiolabeling giving 0.5-1.0 GBq of pure product with a synthesis time of 70 min. In vitro experiments indicated a high specific binding, but in vivo studies showed no tumor uptake due to fast hepatobiliary metabolism and excretion. CONCLUSIONS Despite the unfavorable in vivo properties of the tracer, the promising results from in vitro autoradiography experiments in frozen sections of P-NETs from surgical resection encourage us to continue the project aiming the improvement of in vivo properties of the tracer.
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Marcyk PT, LeBlanc EV, Kuntz DA, Xue A, Ortiz F, Trilles R, Bengtson S, Kenney TM, Huang DS, Robbins N, Williams NS, Krysan DJ, Privé GG, Whitesell L, Cowen LE, Brown LE. Fungal-Selective Resorcylate Aminopyrazole Hsp90 Inhibitors: Optimization of Whole-Cell Anticryptococcal Activity and Insights into the Structural Origins of Cryptococcal Selectivity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1139-1169. [PMID: 33444025 PMCID: PMC8493596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential eukaryotic chaperone Hsp90 regulates the form and function of diverse client proteins, many of which govern thermotolerance, virulence, and drug resistance in fungal species. However, use of Hsp90 inhibitors as antifungal therapeutics has been precluded by human host toxicities and suppression of immune responses. We recently described resorcylate aminopyrazoles (RAPs) as the first class of Hsp90 inhibitors capable of discriminating between fungal (Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans) and human isoforms of Hsp90 in biochemical assays. Here, we report an iterative structure-property optimization toward RAPs capable of inhibiting C. neoformans growth in culture. In addition, we report the first X-ray crystal structures of C. neoformans Hsp90 nucleotide binding domain (NBD), as the apoprotein and in complexes with the non-species-selective Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 and three RAPs revealing unique ligand-induced conformational rearrangements, which reaffirm the hypothesis that intrinsic differences in protein flexibility can confer selective inhibition of fungal versus human Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Marcyk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Emmanuelle V. LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Kuntz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alice Xue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Richard Trilles
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Stephen Bengtson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tristan M.G. Kenney
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David S. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Noelle S. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Damian J. Krysan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
| | - Gilbert G. Privé
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Bacon NA, Larre I, Lawag AA, Merritt C, Smith M, Rosolen M, Sollars VE. Low dose HSP90 inhibition with AUY922 blunts rapid evolution of metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes induced by TGF-β and paclitaxel in A549 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110434. [PMID: 32768937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in cancer treatment, drug resistance and metastasis continue to contribute to treatment failure. Since drug resistance and metastasis in cancer are features that often occur toward the late stages in the disease after withstanding numerous selective pressures, they may rely on a shared adaptive mechanism in order to persist. The heat shock response is one of the most well conserved adaptive responses to cellular stress found in nature. A major player in the heat shock response is HSP90, with some studies suggesting that it can facilitate the molecular evolution of drug resistance and metastasis in cancer. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are strongly associated with drug resistance and metastasis either at the time of diagnosis or early in the treatment process. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored the role of HSP90 in the evolution of metastatic and drug resistant features in NSCLC by treating A549 cells with AUY922, a clinically relevant HSP90 inhibitor, and inducing metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes via treatment with TGF-β and paclitaxel, respectively. We measured phenotypic plasticity in E-Cadherin, a marker for epithelial to mesenchymal transition and two ABC transporters associated with drug resistant lung cancers. RESULTS We found that metastatic and efflux dependent drug resistant features negatively correlated with AUY922 treatment. We followed our results with functional assays relevant to metastasis and ABC transporters to confirm our results. Specifically we found the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased in A549 cultures pretreated with AUY922 prior to exposure to paclitaxel, while expression of the drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1 was significantly reduced under similar conditions. CONCLUSION Together our data indicates that HSP90 inhibition with AUY922 can limit the acquisition of metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes in A549 cells at low, clinically appropriate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas A Bacon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Isabel Larre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Abdalla A Lawag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Carlen Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Mackinzie Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Matthew Rosolen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States
| | - Vincent E Sollars
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, United States.
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Magwenyane AM, Mhlongo NN, Lawal MM, Amoako DG, Somboro AM, Sosibo SC, Shunmugam L, Khan RB, Kumalo HM. Understanding the Hsp90 N-terminal Dynamics: Structural and Molecular Insights into the Therapeutic Activities of Anticancer Inhibitors Radicicol (RD) and Radicicol Derivative (NVP-YUA922). Molecules 2020; 25:E1785. [PMID: 32295059 PMCID: PMC7221724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a crucial component in carcinogenesis and serves as a molecular chaperone that facilitates protein maturation whilst protecting cells against temperature-induced stress. The function of Hsp90 is highly dependent on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding to the N-terminal domain of the protein. Thus, inhibition through displacement of ATP by means of competitive binding with a suitable organic molecule is considered an attractive topic in cancer research. Radicicol (RD) and its derivative, resorcinylic isoxazole amine NVP-AUY922 (NVP), have shown promising pharmacodynamics against Hsp90 activity. To date, the underlying binding mechanism of RD and NVP has not yet been investigated. In this study, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the binding mechanism of RD and NVP, from an atomistic perspective. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations enabled the analyses of the compounds' electronic properties and results obtained proved to be significant in which NVP was predicted to be more favorable with solvation free energy value of -23.3 kcal/mol and highest stability energy of 75.5 kcal/mol for a major atomic delocalization. Molecular dynamic (MD) analysis revealed NVP bound to Hsp90 (NT-NVP) is more stable in comparison to RD (NT-RD). The Hsp90 protein exhibited a greater binding affinity for NT-NVP (-49.4 ± 3.9 kcal/mol) relative to NT-RD (-28.9 ± 4.5 kcal/mol). The key residues influential in this interaction are Gly 97, Asp 93 and Thr 184. These findings provide valuable insights into the Hsp90 dynamics and will serve as a guide for the design of potent novel inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanda M. Magwenyane
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Ndumiso N. Mhlongo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Anou M. Somboro
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sphelele C. Sosibo
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa;
| | - Letitia Shunmugam
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Rene B. Khan
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.M.M.); (N.N.M.); (M.M.L.); (D.G.A.); (A.M.S.); (L.S.); (R.B.K.)
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12
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Huang DS, LeBlanc EV, Shekhar-Guturja T, Robbins N, Krysan DJ, Pizarro J, Whitesell L, Cowen LE, Brown LE. Design and Synthesis of Fungal-Selective Resorcylate Aminopyrazole Hsp90 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2139-2180. [PMID: 31513387 PMCID: PMC7069776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90, essential in all eukaryotes, plays a multifaceted role in promoting survival, virulence, and drug resistance across diverse pathogenic fungal species. The chaperone is also critically important, however, to the pathogen's human host, preventing the use of known clinical Hsp90 inhibitors in antifungal applications due to concomitant host toxicity issues. With the goal of developing Hsp90 inhibitors with acceptable therapeutic indices for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, we initiated a program to design and synthesize potent inhibitors with selective activity against fungal Hsp90 isoforms over their human counterparts. Building on our previously reported derivatization of resorcylate natural products to produce fungal-selective compounds, we have developed a series of synthetic aminopyrazole-substituted resorcylate amides with broad, potent, and fungal-selective Hsp90 inhibitory activity. Herein we describe the synthesis of this series, as well as biochemical structure-activity relationships driving selectivity for the Hsp90 isoforms expressed by Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, two pathogenic fungi of major clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Emmanuelle V. LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Tanvi Shekhar-Guturja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Nicole Robbins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Damian J. Krysan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology/Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Juan Pizarro
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Leah E. Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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13
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Park S, Park JA, Jeon JH, Lee Y. Traditional and Novel Mechanisms of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibition in Cancer Chemotherapy Including HSP90 Cleavage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:423-434. [PMID: 31113013 PMCID: PMC6720532 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 is a molecular chaperone that increases the stability of client proteins. Cancer cells show higher HSP90 expression than normal cells because many client proteins play an important role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. HSP90 inhibitors mainly bind to the ATP binding site of HSP90 and inhibit HSP90 activity, and these inhibitors can be distinguished as ansamycin and non-ansamycin depending on the structure. In addition, the histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit the activity of HSP90 through acetylation of HSP90. These HSP90 inhibitors have undergone or are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. On the other hand, recent studies have reported that various reagents induce cleavage of HSP90, resulting in reduced HSP90 client proteins and growth suppression in cancer cells. Cleavage of HSP90 can be divided into enzymatic cleavage and non-enzymatic cleavage. Therefore, reagents inducing cleavage of HSP90 can be classified as another class of HSP90 inhibitors. We discuss that the cleavage of HSP90 can be another mechanism in the cancer treatment by HSP90 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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14
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Noor ZS, Goldman JW, Lawler WE, Telivala B, Braiteh F, DiCarlo BA, Kennedy K, Adams B, Wang X, Jones B, Slamon DJ, Garon EB. Luminespib plus pemetrexed in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019; 135:104-109. [PMID: 31446981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminespib (AUY922) is a second-generation heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor with demonstrated activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since luminespib reduces levels of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a key enzymatic target of pemetrexed, we assessed the safety and tolerability of luminespib in combination with pemetrexed in patients with previously treated metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also sought to study the pharmacokinetics and correlate tumor dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression with clinical response. METHODS Patients received weekly luminespib at either 40 mg/m2, 55 mg/m2, or 70 mg/m2 according to a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design along with pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2 followed by an expansion at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). RESULTS Two-dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were experienced in the 70 mg/m2 cohort, therefore the MTD was determined to be 55 mg/m2. 69% (N = 9) of patients experienced ophthalmologic toxicity related to luminespib. Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of luminespib was associated with increased grade 2 drug related adverse events (DRAEs) (rs = 0.74, P < 0.01), with volume of distribution (VD) inversely associated with the number of DRAEs (rs = - 0.81, P = 0.004) and ophthalmologic related DRAEs (rs = - 0.65, P = 0.04). The best response was partial response in one patient for 20 months, prior to expiration of all luminespib. Amongst patients treated at the MTD, the objective response rate was 14%. CONCLUSION In patients with previously treated metastatic NSCLC, the MTD of luminespib in combination with pemetrexed was 55 mg/m2 per week. The combination of luminespib and pemetrexed demonstrated clinical activity. Tolerability of luminespib with pemetrexed is limited by ocular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorawar S Noor
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Jonathan W Goldman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Fadi Braiteh
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, United States
| | - Brian A DiCarlo
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Brad Adams
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Benjamin Jones
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States
| | - Edward B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, United States.
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15
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Shevtsov M, Multhoff G. Therapeutic Implications of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02254-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Lampis A, Carotenuto P, Vlachogiannis G, Cascione L, Hedayat S, Burke R, Clarke P, Bosma E, Simbolo M, Scarpa A, Yu S, Cole R, Smyth E, Mateos JF, Begum R, Hezelova B, Eltahir Z, Wotherspoon A, Fotiadis N, Bali MA, Nepal C, Khan K, Stubbs M, Hahne JC, Gasparini P, Guzzardo V, Croce CM, Eccles S, Fassan M, Cunningham D, Andersen JB, Workman P, Valeri N, Braconi C. MIR21 Drives Resistance to Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1066-1079.e5. [PMID: 29113809 PMCID: PMC5863695 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) are resistant to chemotherapy, so new therapeutic agents are needed. We performed a screen to identify small-molecule compounds that are active against CCAs. Levels of microRNA 21 (MIR21 or miRNA21) are increased in CCAs. We investigated whether miRNA21 mediates resistance of CCA cells and organoids to HSP90 inhibitors. METHODS We performed a high-throughput screen of 484 small-molecule compounds to identify those that reduced viability of 6 human CCA cell lines. We tested the effects of HSP90 inhibitors on cells with disruption of the MIR21 gene, cells incubated with MIR21 inhibitors, and stable cell lines with inducible expression of MIR21. We obtained CCA biopsies from patients, cultured them as organoids (patient-derived organoids). We assessed their architecture, mutation and gene expression patterns, response to compounds in culture, and when grown as subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mice. RESULTS Cells with IDH1 and PBRM1 mutations had the highest level of sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitors. HSP90 inhibitors were effective in all cell lines, irrespective of mutations. Sensitivity of cells to HSP90 inhibitors correlated inversely with baseline level of MIR21. Disruption of MIR21 increased cell sensitivity to HSP90 inhibitors. CCA cells that expressed transgenic MIR21 were more resistant to HSP90 inhibitors than cells transfected with control vectors; inactivation of MIR21 in these cells restored sensitivity to these agents. MIR21 was shown to target the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B5 (DNAJB5). Transgenic expression of DNAJB5 in CCA cells that overexpressed MIR21 re-sensitized them to HSP90 inhibitors. Sensitivity of patient-derived organoids to HSP90 inhibitors, in culture and when grown as xenograft tumors in mice, depended on expression of miRNA21. CONCLUSIONS miRNA21 appears to mediate resistance of CCA cells to HSP90 inhibitors by reducing levels of DNAJB5. HSP90 inhibitors might be developed for the treatment of CCA and miRNA21 might be a marker of sensitivity to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciano Cascione
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paul Clarke
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Else Bosma
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sijia Yu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chirag Nepal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Khurum Khan
- The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Mark Stubbs
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Fassan
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nicola Valeri
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK.
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17
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Hobbs GS, Hanasoge Somasundara AV, Kleppe M, Litvin R, Arcila M, Ahn J, McKenney AS, Knapp K, Ptashkin R, Weinstein H, Heinemann MH, Francis J, Chanel S, Berman E, Mauro M, Tallman MS, Heaney ML, Levine RL, Rampal RK. Hsp90 inhibition disrupts JAK-STAT signaling and leads to reductions in splenomegaly in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2018; 103:e5-e9. [PMID: 29051283 PMCID: PMC5777196 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.177600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S. Hobbs
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | | | - Maria Kleppe
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Rivka Litvin
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Maria Arcila
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA
| | - Anna Sophia McKenney
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, USA
| | - Kristina Knapp
- Center for Epigenetics Research Memorial Sloan Kettering Center, USA
| | - Ryan Ptashkin
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Howard Weinstein
- Cardiology Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | | | - Jasmine Francis
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Suzanne Chanel
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ellin Berman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Michael Mauro
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Mark L. Heaney
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Raajit K. Rampal
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA,Correspondence:
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18
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Kasireddy V, von Mehren M. Emerging drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:317-329. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1411479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Kasireddy
- Fellow (PGY5), Department of Hematology Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret von Mehren
- Director of Sarcoma Oncology, Associate Director for Clinical Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Park KS, Yang H, Choi J, Seo S, Kim D, Lee CH, Jeon H, Kim SW, Lee DH. The HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922, attenuates intrinsic PI3K inhibitor resistance in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 406:47-53. [PMID: 28797845 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
More than 25% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) carry mutations in KRAS, one of the most common oncogenic drivers in this disease. KRAS-mutant NSCLC responds poorly to currently available therapies; therefore, novel treatment strategies are needed. Here, we describe a particularly promising targeted therapeutic strategy against KRAS mutation-harboring NSCLC intrinsically resistant to treatment by PI3K inhibition. We found that intrinsic resistance to PI3K inhibition derived from RAF/MEK/ERK and RSK activation, bypassing blockage of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The HSP90 inhibitor AUY922 suppressed both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, rendering cells sensitive to a PI3K inhibitor (omipalisib, GSK458). Combining these two drugs achieved a synergistic effect, even using only sub-therapeutic concentrations. Dual inhibition of the HSP90 and PI3K signaling pathways with sub-therapeutic doses of these combined anticancer drugs may represent a potent treatment strategy for KRAS-mutant NSCLC with intrinsic resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Seo Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Seo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Jeon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Liu J, Sun W, Dong W, Wang Z, Qin Y, Zhang T, Zhang H. HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 induces cell apoptosis by disruption of the survivin in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:313-319. [PMID: 28412368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone required for maintaining the stability and function of signal proteins that plays an important role in promoting the growth and survival of cancer cells. The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been increasing in recent years. The effect of the novel non-geldanamycin HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 on apoptosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells has not been investigated. The influence of AUY922 on the survival of PTC cell lines K1 and IHH4 was evaluated. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit method. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting and the potential mechanism was evaluated by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Overexpression plasmid was transfected by Lipofectamine 2000 method. In K1 and IHH4 cell lines, after the treatment of AUY922, cell viability decreased, and the proportion of apoptosis cells increased. AUY922 caused the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 proteins, and altered expression of survivin, which was a client protein of HSP90. In AUY922-treated cells, overexpression of survivin attenuated growth inhibition and cell apoptosis. The results indicate that AUY922 induces apoptotic cell death in PTC cells. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that AUY922 induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of survivin protein in PTC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 in Nanjing North Street, Heping Distinct, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chiuzan C, Shtaynberger J, Manji GA, Duong JK, Schwartz GK, Ivanova A, Lee SM. Dose-finding designs for trials of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies. J Biopharm Stat 2017; 27:477-494. [PMID: 28166468 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2017.1289952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge of early phase trials of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) and immunotherapies. These new therapies have different toxicity profiles compared to cytotoxic therapies. MTAs can benefit from new trial designs that allow inclusion of low-grade toxicities, late-onset toxicities, addition of an efficacy endpoint, and flexibility in the specification of a target toxicity probability. To study the degree of adoption of these methods, we conducted a Web of Science search of articles published between 2008 and 2014 that describe phase 1 oncology trials. Trials were categorized based on the dose-finding design used and the type of drug studied. Out of 1,712 dose-finding trials that met our criteria, 1,591 (92.9%) utilized a rule-based design, and 92 (5.4%; range 2.3% in 2009 to 9.7% in 2014) utilized a model-based or novel design. Over half of the trials tested an MTA or immunotherapy. Among the MTA and immunotherapy trials, 5.8% used model-based methods, compared to 3.9% and 8.3% of the chemotherapy or radiotherapy trials, respectively. While the percentage of trials using novel dose-finding designs has tripled since 2007, the adoption of these designs continues to remain low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Chiuzan
- a Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Jonathan Shtaynberger
- a Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Gulam A Manji
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Jimmy K Duong
- a Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- c Department of Biostatistics , UNC at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Shing M Lee
- a Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
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22
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Stjepanovic N, Velazquez-Martin J, Bedard P. Ocular toxicities of MEK inhibitors and other targeted therapies. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Ishikawa C, Senba M, Mori N. Efficiency of AUY922 in mice with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:387-392. [PMID: 27347156 PMCID: PMC4907013 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). ATLL is associated with poor prognosis mainly due to resistance to chemotherapy, which highlights the requirement for alternative therapies. The chaperone heat shock protein (HSP) 90 assist proteins involved in the onset and progression of ATLL. In the present study, the efficacy of a second generation HSP90 inhibitor termed AUY922 was investigated in ATLL. In vitro, AUY922 induced marked inhibition of cell viability in the HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines HUT-102 and MT-4. In immunodeficient mice bearing HUT-102 xenotransplants, AUY922 markedly retarded tumor growth, compared with the control group. Apoptosis was evident in hematoxylin and eosin stained- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-labeled tissue sections from AUY922-treated mice. In addition, AUY922 significantly reduced the serum levels of the surrogate tumor markers soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble cluster of differentiation 30. Overall, the present results demonstrate that AUY922 has potent anti-ATLL activity, thus providing a rationale for continuing the clinical development of HSP90 inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Park KS, Oh B, Lee MH, Nam KY, Jin HR, Yang H, Choi J, Kim SW, Lee DH. The HSP90 inhibitor, NVP-AUY922, sensitizes KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with intrinsic resistance to MEK inhibitor, trametinib. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Wang M, Shen A, Zhang C, Song Z, Ai J, Liu H, Sun L, Ding J, Geng M, Zhang A. Development of Heat Shock Protein (Hsp90) Inhibitors To Combat Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through Hsp90-Kinase Interactions. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5563-86. [PMID: 26844689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous chaperone of all of the oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Many Hsp90 inhibitors, alone or in combination, have shown significant antitumor efficacy against the kinase-positive naïve and mutant models. However, clinical trials of these inhibitors are unsuccessful due to insufficient clinical benefits and nonoptimal safety profiles. Recently, much progress has been reported on the Hsp90-cochaperone-client complex, which will undoubtedly assist in the understanding of the interactions between Hsp90 and its clients. Meanwhile, Hsp90 inhibitors have shown promise against patients' resistance caused by early generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and at least 13 Hsp90 inhibitors are being reevaluated in the clinic. In this regard, the objectives of the current perspective are to summarize the structure and function of the Hsp90-cochaperone-client complex, to analyze the structural and functional insights into the Hsp90-client interactions to address several existing unresolved problems with Hsp90 inhibitors, and to highlight the preclinical and clinical studies of Hsp90 inhibitors as an effective treatment against resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meining Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Lu, Building 3, Room 426, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aijun Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zilan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Lu, Building 3, Room 426, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Lu, Building 3, Room 426, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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