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Kolyvas P, Mir A, Stirrat T, Brookner B, Pilar N, Monroe E, Ahuja R. Advanced Interventional Treatments in Retinoblastoma Management: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024; 47:407-415. [PMID: 38509339 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common eye malignancy in children that if left untreated can invade intraocular structures, metastasize, and rarely lead to death. Traditionally treated with systemic chemotherapy, Intra-arterial chemotherapy is gaining popularity as it allows for the direct administration of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, thus reducing systemic side effects. Intra-arterial chemotherapy procedures have evolved, with refinements to reduce risks and radiation exposure. Intra-arterial chemotherapy boasts an impressive technical success rate and one year ocular survival even amongst advanced cases. This review offers a thorough examination of the technique, indications, contraindications, outcomes, and alternative options for Intra-arterial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolyvas
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA.
| | - Aazrin Mir
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas Stirrat
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Brittany Brookner
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Nathanael Pilar
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Eric Monroe
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Rakesh Ahuja
- McGovern Medical School, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, USA
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Han JW, Lee CS, Hahn SM, Ahn WK, Kim HS, Yun H, Lee SC, Kim BM, Kim DJ, Lyu CJ. The Efficacy of Alternate Systemic Intravenous Chemotherapy and Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Approach for Eye Globe Salvage in Retinoblastoma. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55:270-278. [PMID: 35609621 PMCID: PMC9873333 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The advances in the treatment of retinoblastoma have enabled salvaging the globe in advanced stages with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). We developed a strategy of alternate application of systemic intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) and IAC (referred to as alternate systemic IVC and IAC; ASIAC) to reduce central nervous metastases during IAC and examined its efficacy and safety in eye globe salvage in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2010 and February 2021, 43 eyes of 40 patients received ASIAC treatment for retinoblastoma at the Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the eye salvage rate (ESR), defined from diagnosis to enucleation. High-risk retinoblastoma was defined as group D or E by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. RESULTS The study enrolled 38 and five cases of high-risk and low-risk retinoblastoma, respectively. In total, 178 IAC and 410 IVC courses were administered, with a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.0 to 5.0) IAC and 9 (IQR, 6.0 to 11) IVC courses per eye, respectively. The 5-year ESR was 60.4%±8.7% for the whole cohort, 100% for low-risk retinoblastoma, and 53.6%±9.8% for high-risk retinoblastoma. Among those diagnosed since 2015, the 5-year ESR for high-risk retinoblastoma was 63.5%±14.0%. Fifteen eyes underwent enucleation; no viable tumor was found in three enucleated eyes. There were no deaths in this cohort. CONCLUSION Primary IAC-IVC (i.e., ASIAC) for patients with retinoblastoma was tolerable and effective in salvaging the eye and maintaining survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung Min Hahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Won Kee Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung Moon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Chuhl Joo Lyu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul,
Korea
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Zeng C, Han M, Fan J, He X, Jia R, Li L, Wen X, Song X, Hou L. Anemia and Bone Marrow Suppression After Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy in Children With Retinoblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848877. [PMID: 35957866 PMCID: PMC9359439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a common ocular malignant tumor in children. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has been widely used in children with Rb and has achieved an ideal therapeutic effect. However, IAC has side effects, including anemia and bone marrow suppression, for which explicit evidence on the risk factors is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the covariates that may affect the occurrence of anemia and bone marrow suppression in children with Rb after IAC. Methods Children with Rb admitted between May 2019 and January 2021 were included into the study. The differences in the number of children with anemia and bone marrow suppression before and after IAC according to different covariates were recorded. All potential impact factors were included into the univariate and multivariate regression models to identify the related covariates of post-IAC anemia and bone marrow suppression. Results Data of 282 children with Rb were retrospectively collected. After IAC, children with Rb had increased severities of anemia (p <0.0001, chi-square test) and bone marrow suppression (p = 0.001, chi-square test). Moreover, the number of children with Rb who had an increased cross-level change in the severity of anemia and degree of bone marrow suppression was 80 (41.24%) and 64 (32.49%), respectively. The univariate regression analysis showed that numerous factors (such as pre-IAC intravenous chemotherapy, results of pre-IAC routine blood tests, and some serological indicators for liver and kidney function) affected the anemia severity and degree of bone marrow suppression in children with Rb after IAC. Additionally, the predictive model of the multivariate regression could predict anemia and bone marrow suppression. Conclusion Children with Rb may have an increased risk of anemia and bone marrow suppression after IAC, but this is temporary and can be influenced by several factors. Therefore, IAC should be maintained as the standard of care. We generated predictive equations for predicting anemia severity and degree of bone marrow suppression, which can guide the prediction and timely control of anemia and bone marrow suppression after IAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjuan Zeng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing, Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Xuefei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
| | - Lili Hou
- Department of Nursing, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, ; Xuyang Wen, ; Xuefei Song, ; Lili Hou,
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Liang T, Zhang X, Li J, Hua X, Zhao P, Ji X. Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy as Primary Treatment for Advanced Unilateral Retinoblastoma in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:855661. [PMID: 35462996 PMCID: PMC9021594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.855661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) as a primary treatment for advanced unilateral retinoblastoma in Chinese patients. Methods This study was a retrospective review of patients with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma treated with IAC as the primary treatment. The IAC procedures were performed using a balloon-assisted technique. The clinical status and treatment complications were recorded at each visit. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to estimate recurrence-free survival and ocular survival. Results In total, 116 eyes of 116 patients with advanced unilateral retinoblastoma were enrolled, including 66 eyes (57%) in group D and 50 eyes (43%) in group E. All treated eyes received a mean of 3 cycles of IAC (range, 3–5), and 66% of the eyes were combined with local consolidation therapy. The median follow-up time was 39 months (range, 22–57 months). The 3-year recurrence-free survival and ocular survival rates were 68.8% (95% CI, 59.2–76.6%) and 88.5% (95% CI, 80.9–93.2%), respectively. Moreover, the 3-year ocular survival rate in group D was significantly higher than that in group E (96.9%, 76.3%; P < 0.01). The common ocular complication was vitreous hemorrhage (19.8%). No deaths or severe systemic complications occurred. Conclusion Primary intra-arterial chemotherapy is effective for the treatment of advanced unilateral retinoblastoma, especially in group D, with acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuming Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tan RJD. Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcomes of Retinoblastoma in China. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background This review determined clinical features and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma patients in China, which ranks second in incidence globally and is among the countries listed to produce 4,000 new cases of the estimated world's retinoblastoma cases in 2023.
Methods A search was done using different databases for literatures on retinoblastoma in China published from 2010 to 2020. The articles were then reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and outcomes.
Results Ten articles that included 3,702 patients involving ∼4,412 eyes seen in China from 1957 to 2019 were analyzed. Median age at consult ranged from 18 to 30 months and mean lag of consultation was 4 to 6 months. More males were affected (58%). Seventy-nine percent had unilateral disease. Retinoblastoma was assumed intraocular in 4,123(89%) eyes with ≥996(22%) belonging to group E of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification/International Classification of Retinoblastoma. Extraocular extension was present in 415 (9%) eyes with 845 patients having direct extraocular extension, while 54 had distant metastasis. Enucleation was the most used treatment procedure specially in unilateral disease done in at least 2,781 (74%) eyes. Median follow-up period ranged from 14 to 47 months. Functional vision was retained in 48 (2%) eyes. Globe salvage rate for group A to D eyes ranged from 56 to 100%. Highest globe salvage rate for group D was 87% and 70% for group E. Overall survival rate was 1,655/1898 (87%), ranging from 81 to 100%. Overall mortality was 4%.
Discussion Clinical profile and management options for retinoblastoma in China changed overtime improving outcomes. Globe salvage and survival rate were high for those with intraocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Joseph D. Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center, Baguio City, Philippines
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Changes in Treatment Patterns and Globe Salvage Rate of Advanced Retinoblastoma in Korea: Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225421. [PMID: 34830703 PMCID: PMC8619482 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To analyze changes in treatment patterns for advanced retinoblastoma over time and differences in globe salvage rates; (2) Methods: Retrospective, observational case-control study of 97 eyes of 91 patients with advanced retinoblastoma (Group D and E).; (3) Results: Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were treated before or after intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) was introduced in our center in 2010. Before 2010, primary treatment pattern was enucleation, which was performed in 57.6% of cases, whereas primary treatment pattern after 2010 was IAC combined with intravenous chemotherapy (IVC), which was performed in 78.1%. Intravitreal chemotherapy (IVitC) has been performed to treat vitreous and subretinal seeding since 2015. The 5-year globe salvage rate of IVC alone was 24.0% for Group D and 0% for Group E, whereas that of IVC–IAC was 50.4% for Group D and 49.7% for Group E. Whether IVitC was performed or not did not significantly contribute to globe salvage rate. There was one metastatic death in the IVC alone group.; (4) Conclusions: Primary treatment pattern changed from enucleation to IAC-based treatment, which can now save nearly half of eyes with advanced retinoblastoma with excellent safety profile and survival rate.
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Gupta N, Pandey A, Dimri K, Prinja S. Epidemiological profile of retinoblastoma in North India: Implications for primary care and family physicians. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2843-2848. [PMID: 32984136 PMCID: PMC7491789 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_265_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy among children. Despite being curable in early stages, majority of the cases in India present in late stages, when outcomes are very poor. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and treatment practices among retinoblastoma patients in north India. Materials and Methods: Data on all patients with retinoblastoma, over a 10-year-time period from 2009 to 2018, who were treated in a tertiary care hospital in north India, were assessed. Data were analyzed to describe the demographic characteristics, clinical features in terms of stage at presentation, and management practices in terms of diagnostic investigations and treatment. The statistical significance for difference in percentages was assessed using Fischer's exact test at a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 25 retinoblastoma patients were enlisted, of whom one was excluded as it was adult onset retinoblastoma. The median age at presentation was 3 years, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Bilateral presentation was seen in 16.6% cases. Majority (66.6%) of the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of brain and orbit as a part of the diagnostic workup. Intraocular disease was seen in 58.3% patients, whereas 41.6% patients had extraocular disease. Local therapy with vision preservation could be used only in 8.3% patients, whereas 87.5% patients were referred for enucleation. Chemotherapy with combination of vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin was used extensively both, in neoadjuvant setting (83.3%) and in the adjuvant setting. Conclusion: Despite availability of treatment for eye preservation, its utility is limited due to the advanced stage at presentation. Awareness about the disease and its symptoms for early diagnosis, especially with the Mid-Level Health Provider at Health and Wellness Centers, is likely to improve early reporting and treatment and meeting the Vision 2020 goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kislay Dimri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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