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Soltani J, Sheikh-Ahmadi A. Genomic and Chemical Evidence on Biosynthesis of Taxane Diterpenoids in Alternaria Isolates from Cupressaceae. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:367. [PMID: 39299961 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Alternaria species (Deuteromycetes, Ascomycota) as ubiquitous fungi and prolific producers of a variety of toxic compounds are a part of microbiomes of plants, humans, and animals, mainly causing disease, allergic reactions, and toxicosis. However, some species have also been reported as endophytic microorganisms with highly bioactive metabolites. Our previous results indicate that potentially endophytic Alternaria species from Cupressaceae produce bioactive metabolites that possibly contribute to plant holobiont's health. Here, a possible mechanism behind this bioactivity is elucidated. As some endophytic fungi are reported to produce cytotoxic taxane diterpenoids, eight potentially endophytic Alternaria isolates from our collection were analyzed for the presence of the key genes of the paclitaxel (Taxol) biosynthetic pathway, i.e., taxadin synthase (ts), 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase (dbat), and C-13-phenylpropanoid side-chain CoA acyltransferase (bapt). The presence of all genes, i.e., ts, dbat, and bapt, was detected by PCR in six isolates and dbat and bapt in two isolates. Chemical analyses of the fermentation broths by TLC and HPLC chromatography and IR spectroscopy indicated the synthesis of the final product, i.e., paclitaxel. So, we introduce the synthesis of taxane diterpenoids as a possible mechanism by which Alternaria occupies the plant niches and protects the plant holobiont in the presence of competing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Adib Sheikh-Ahmadi
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Fouladvand S, Soltani J. Halophytic Bacterial Endophyte Microbiome from Coastal Desert-Adapted Wild Poaceae Alleviates Salinity Stress in the Common Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:132. [PMID: 38592497 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses threaten the strategic crops of Poaceae (Gramineae) worldwide. Habitat-adapted microbiome of wild plants has the potential to alleviate abiotic stresses in alternate hosts. Persian Gulf's coastal deserts are colonized by halophyte plants hosting habitat-adapted halophytic microbiota. Here, endophytic bacteria from wild Poaceae in coastal deserts of the north Persian Gulf at Hormozgan province, Iran, were isolated and screened for mitigating salinity stress in wheat. Accordingly, seven dominant species of wild Poaceae in the region, i.e., Aeloropus lagopoides, Aeloropus litiralis, Chrysopogon aucheri, Cymbopogon olivieri, Desmostachya sp., Halopayrum mucronatum, and Sporbuls arabicus, were explored. In total, 367 endophytic bacteria were isolated, 90 of which tolerated 2.5-M NaCl. Of these, 38 strains were selected based on their bioactivity and applied for in vitro wheat-interaction assays under 250-mM NaCl stress. Five superior strains promoted seed germination and growth indices in rain-fed winter wheat cv. Sardari, i.e., Bacillus subtilis B14, B19, & B27, Bacillus sp. B21, and Bacillus licheniformis Ba38. In planta assays in saline soil (2.7 dS m-1) using the superior strains indicated that Bacillus sp. B21 and Bacillus licheniformis Ba38 increased germination and root and shoot lengths and their dry and fresh weights in wheat seedlings. Moreover, phenolics and flavonoids contents of wheat seedlings were influenced by endophyte application. Thus, the coastal desert-adapted microbiome of wild Poaceae could alleviate abiotic stress and promote growth in cultivated species of Poaceae, such as wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Fouladvand
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Sadrati N, Zerroug A, Demirel R, Harzallah D. Anti-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-dermatophyte activities of secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 associated with the Algerian endemic plant Abies numidica. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:110. [PMID: 36884139 PMCID: PMC9994407 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi found in the endemic plant Abies numidica. Among all isolates, the ANT13 isolate demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in the preliminary screening, particularly Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 1024, with inhibition zones of 22 and 21.5 mm, respectively. Based on its morphological and molecular features, this isolate was identified as Penicillium brevicompactum. The maximum activity was observed in the ethyl acetate extract, followed by the dichloromethane extract; however, the n-hexane extract exhibited no activity. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated very significant activity against the five strains of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus used, with average zones of inhibition ranging from 21 to 26 mm, in contrast to more resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49452 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876. The ethyl acetate extract was also very active against dermatophytes, where the zones of inhibition for Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Epidermophyton floccosum were 23.5, 31, 43, 47, and 53.5 mm, respectively. The MIC values for dermatophytes ranged between 100 and 3200 µg/mL. The wild isolate of Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 discovered as an endophyte in Abies numidica may be a distinctive source of novel compounds and drug discovery to trait dermatophytes and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouari Sadrati
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universes, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
| | - Amina Zerroug
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Nature and Life and Earth Sciences and the Universes, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Rasime Demirel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Daoud Harzallah
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
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Ata JP, Burns KS, Marchetti SB, Worrall JJ, Mondo SJ, Stewart JE. Development of PCR-based markers for the identification and detection of Lophodermella needle cast pathogens on Pinus contorta var. latifolia and P. flexilis. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 200:106546. [PMID: 35931227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphological similarities and fastidious development of increasingly emerging fungal needle pathogens impede accurate disease diagnosis and early detection. This study analyzed the specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers developed for emerging needle cast pathogens Lophodermella concolor and L. montivaga co-occurring on Pinus contorta var. latifolia, and Bifusella linearis and L. arcuata on P. flexilis. To design primers, we utilized sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and single-copy gene (RH_2175) of the TCP-1/cpn60 chaperonin family searched through genomes of related species. In addition to the DNA of target and non-target fungal species that were used for primer assays, environmental samples with next generation sequencing data were used to evaluate primer sensitivity. Direct amplification using ITS primer pairs generated 248-260 bp amplicons and successfully differentiated the needle pathogens used in this study. Nested amplification of single-copy gene RH_2175 primer pairs which produced 409-527 bp amplicons detected Rhytismataceae species and discriminated both Lophodermella pathogens on P. contorta var. latifolia, respectively. While ITS-based primers had higher sensitivity than the 2175-based primers, both primer sets for L. concolor and L. montivaga detected their respective pathogens in asymptomatic and symptomatic needles. These molecular tools can help monitor and assess needle diseases for forest management and phytosanitary regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa P Ata
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA; Department of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines.
| | | | | | | | - Stephen J Mondo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA; Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
| | - Jane E Stewart
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA.
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Paolinelli M, Escoriaza G, Cesari C, Garcia-Lampasona S, Hernandez-Martinez R. Characterization of Grapevine Wood Microbiome Through a Metatranscriptomic Approach. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:658-668. [PMID: 34191105 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases threaten wine and table grape production worldwide, primarily by reducing yields and, in its advanced stages, causing plant death. Among those diseases, the complex etiology disease known as hoja de malvón (HDM) significantly concerns Argentinian and Uruguayan viticulture. At least four different fungi are associated with this disease, but their role and interactions with other wood microorganisms are understudied. In this sense, analyzing grapevine wood microbiome composition could help understand microbial interactions occurring in HDM onset. Hence, a metatranscriptomic study was performed for the microbiome characterization of mature field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec, leaf-symptomatic or leaf-asymptomatic. The microbiome was mainly represented by Dothideomycetes and Actinobacteria. In the plant with more marked symptoms, higher levels of the Basidiomycota Arambarria destruens and Phellinus laevigatus were detected. Despite this particular difference, discriminating symptomatic from asymptomatic plants based on the presence or abundance of HDM pathogens was not possible. Alpha diversity and rank-abundance curve analyses indicated that plants with foliar symptoms have lower microbial evenness than asymptomatic plants. The co-occurrence network modeled microbial interkingdom interactions. Molecular data generated in this study will help develop future targeted molecular quantification for specific taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paolinelli
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Georgina Escoriaza
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Cesari
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sandra Garcia-Lampasona
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria de Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rufina Hernandez-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación Científica Y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Dos Santos GD, Gomes RR, Gonçalves R, Fornari G, Maia BHLNS, Schmidt-Dannert C, Gaascht F, Glienke C, Schneider GX, Colombo IR, Degenhardt-Goldbach J, Pietsch JLM, Costa-Ribeiro MCV, Vicente VA. Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi on the Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Reveal New Species of Diaporthe. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3218-3229. [PMID: 34213615 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endophytes promotes the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius to investigate their diversity and antimicrobial activity. A total of 272 endophytic fungi was obtained. These belonged to nine different genera: Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, and Cryptococcus. Notably, Diaporthe foliorum was introduced as a new species, with accompanying morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a multigene phylogenetic analysis (using ITS, TEF1, TUB, HIS, and CAL). Among the 26 fungal morphotypes evaluated for antimicrobial activity, five strains had inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Xylaria allantoidea CMRP1424 extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Diaporthe terebinthifolii CMRP1430 and CMRP1436 showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Meanwhile, D. foliorum CMRP1321 and D. malorum CMRP1438 extracts inhibited C. albicans alone. Three classes of chemical compounds were identified in D. foliorum CMRP1438 extracts: ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, and vanillin-sulfuric acid. In conclusion, the endophytic isolates were able to produce bioactive agents with pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. As such, they may provide fresh leads in the search for new, biological sources of drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana D Dos Santos
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Gonçalves
- Undergraduate Student in Biomedicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gheniffer Fornari
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Beatriz H L N S Maia
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia Schmidt-Dannert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Francois Gaascht
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gabriela X Schneider
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Israella R Colombo
- Undergraduate Student in Biomedicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - João L M Pietsch
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Magda C V Costa-Ribeiro
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Jahromi MS, Azizi A, Soltani J. Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Salvia multicaulis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1432-1447. [PMID: 33651191 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvia multicaulis has been an important medicinal plant in Iran and several East Asian countries for hundreds of years. Because of growing demand, overharvesting of wild S. multicaulis has endangered its wild populations. Endophytes are well known for protecting wild plant populations against biotic and abiotic stresses, especially under harsh situations, as well as for their plant growth enhancement activities. Since no information was on endophyte biology in S. multicaulis, here we aimed at analyzing diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of fungal endophytes associating S. multicaulis in their main wild habitats in Iran, i.e., Qazvin, Alborz and Mazandaran provinces. A total of 153 fungal endophytes were isolated and identified according to their morphology and ribosomal ITS rDNA sequences. As results indicated Ascomycota dominated in colonizing S. multicaulis with a relative frequency (RF) of 96.77%, comprising of Eurotiomycetes (RF: 40.5%), Sordariomycetes (RF: 33.9%) and Dothideomycetes (RF: 20.5%). Mucoromycota, comprised the rest of endophytes (RF: 5.23%). The entire fungal microbiome was classified into nine genera including Fusarium (25.5%), Penicillium (21.5%), Aspergillus (17.0%), Alternaria (15.5%), Colletotrichum (5.2%), Rhizopus (5.2%), Macrophomina (4.5%), Trichoderma (3.25%) and Nodulisporium (2.0%). Analyses of different diversity indices indicated significant correlations with tissue type, sampling locations and season of recovery. Almost 43% of fungal endophytes were recovered at Mazandaran, Kojur; 35.4% at Qazvin, Barajin Forest Park; 30.1% at Alborz, Taleqan; and 21% at Alborz, Mahdasht. The highest overall endophyte recovery was in summer (36.8%), followed by spring (31.6%), autumn (21%), and winter (10.5%). In total, the number of endophytes recovered from roots (91) was higher than those of stems (32) and leaves (30), especially during autumn and winter. Accordingly, we conclude that Ascomycota are the major endophytic fungi colonizing S. multicaulis, and that sampling location, tissue type and season can affect the fungal endophyte composition of this medicinal plant. This knowledge could be further applied in protection and health management of this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sabet Jahromi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Section, Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Diversity, community composition, and bioactivity of cultivable fungal endophytes in saline and dry soils in deserts. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Erfandoust R, Habibipour R, Soltani J. Antifungal activity of endophytic fungi from Cupressaceae against human pathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:100987. [PMID: 32499133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus is a fungal genus that strongly affects health of humans, animals, and plants worldwide. Endophytes are now widely considered as a rich source of bioproducts with potential uses in medicine, agriculture, and bioindustry. Cupressaceae plant family hosts a variety of bioactive ascomycetous endophytes. In this study, antifungal activity of a number of such endophytes were investigated against human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. To this end, 16 superior bioactive endophytic fungi from Cupressaceae were used, including Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pellucida, Ascorhizoctonia sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aurobasidium sp., Cladosporium porophorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium viridicatum, Phoma herbarum, Phoma sp., Pyrenochaeta sp., Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma koningii. In vitro bioassays indicated anti-Asperilli activity of the endophytic fungi in dual cultures. Most notably, Trichoderma koningii CSE32 and Trichoderma atroviride JCE33 showed complete growth inhibition of both A. niger and A. fumigatus, within 3 to 7 days. Also, volatile compouds (VOCs) of T. koningii CSE32 and T. atroviride JCE33 exhibited 33-100% growth inhibition of A. niger, whithin 3 days. Moreover, on the day 7, growth of A. niger was less affected than that of A. fumigatus. In general, it appears that there is a direct relationship between the exposure time and the inhibitory activity of endophytes VOCs on the growth of target Aspergillus species. Furthremore, the extracellular secondary metabolites (SMs) of four selected fungal endophytes exhibited anti-Aspergillus activity at all treatment levels as shown by Agar-diffusion assay. SMs from T. koningii CSE32 and Pyrenochaeta CSE134 showed strongest activities against A. niger, and SMs from T. koningii CSE32 and F. oxysporum CAE14 showed strongest activities against A. fumigatus. In conclusion, given the globally recognized issue of antibiotic resistance and the urge to discover new antimicrobial substances, our findings provide new insights into the potential use of Cupressaceae's endophytic fungi in antifungal-based drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Erfandoust
- Section of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 65155-957, Hamedan, Iran
| | - R Habibipour
- Department of Microbiology, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 65155-957, Hamedan, Iran
| | - J Soltani
- Section of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Fungal Diversity in the Phyllosphere of Pinus heldreichii H. Christ—An Endemic and High-Altitude Pine of the Mediterranean Region. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pinus heldreichii is a high-altitude coniferous tree species naturaly occurring in small and disjuncted populations in the Balkans and southern Italy. The aim of this study was to assess diversity and composition of fungal communities in living needles of P. heldreichii specifically focusing on fungal pathogens. Sampling was carried out at six different sites in Montenegro, where 2-4 year-old living needles of P. heldreichii were collected. Following DNA isolation, it was amplified using ITS2 rDNA as a marker and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing resulted in 31,831 high quality reads, which after assembly were found to represent 375 fungal taxa. The detected fungi were 295 (78.7%) Ascomycota, 79 (21.0%) Basidiomycota and 1 (0.2%) Mortierellomycotina. The most common fungi were Lophodermium pinastri (12.5% of all high-quality sequences), L. conigenum (10.9%), Sydowia polyspora (8.8%), Cyclaneusma niveum (5.5%), Unidentified sp. 2814_1 (5.4%) and Phaeosphaeria punctiformis (4.4%). The community composition varied among different sites, but in this respect two sites at higher altitudes (harsh growing conditions) were separated from three sites at lower altitudes (milder growing conditions), suggesting that environmental conditions were among major determinants of fungal communities associated with needles of P. heldreichii. Trees on one study site were attacked by bark beetles, leading to discolouration and frequent dieback of needles, thereby strongly affecting the fungal community structure. Among all functional groups of fungi, pathogens appeared to be an important component of fungal communities in the phyllosphere of P. heldreichii, especially in those trees under strong abiotic and biotic stress.
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Fungal Epigenetic Engineering. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41870-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Herrera H, Soto J, de Bashan LE, Sampedro I, Arriagada C. Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Two Populations of the Fully Mycoheterotrophic Plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in Southern Chile. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E586. [PMID: 31756978 PMCID: PMC6955791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiological interactions of the roots of non-photosynthetic plants in South America have been scarcely explored. This study analyzes culturable fungal diversity associated with the mycoheterotrophic plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in southern Chile, growing in two different understoreys of native (Nothofagus-dominated) and mixed forest (native, Cupressus sempervirens, and Pinus radiata). Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi were isolated, cultured, and purified to identify microorganisms associated with A. uniflora roots. We showed the different fungi associated with the plant, and that these distributions are influenced by the sampling site. We isolated 410 fungal strains (144 endophytic and 266 from the rhizosphere). We identified 13 operative taxonomical units from plants sampled in the mixed forest, while 15 were from the native forest. Rhizospheric microorganisms were mainly related to Penicillium spp., whereas some pathogenic and saprophytic strains were more frequent inside the roots. Our results have also shown that the fungal strains are weak for phosphate solubilization, but other pathways such as organic acid exudation and indole acetic acid production can be considered as major mechanisms to stimulate plant growth. Our results point to new fungal associates of A. uniflora plants reported in Andean ecosystems, identifying new beneficial endophytic fungi associated with roots of this fully mycoheterotrophic plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Javiera Soto
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Luz E. de Bashan
- The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Court, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
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13
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Endophytic association of bioactive and halotolerant Humicola fuscoatra with halophytic plants, and its capability of producing anthraquinone and anthranol derivatives. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:279-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Zhang WH, Sun RB, Xu L, Liang JN, Wu TY, Zhou J. Effects of micro-/nano-hydroxyapatite and phytoremediation on fungal community structure in copper contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:100-109. [PMID: 30822666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro-/nano-hydroxyapatite (MHA/NHA) has been used to reduce the concentration of available heavy metals and increase soil pH in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, little is known about the effects of MHA and NHA on soil fungal communities and function. In this study, fungal community composition was characterized from copper-contaminated soils amended with MHA, NHA and three other classic amendments combined with Elsholtzia splendens during a 3-year immobilization experiment. High-throughput sequencing results showed that applications of MHA increased the richness and diversity of the fungal community, which was opposite the results of NHA. SIMPER analysis indicated that both the relative abundance of fungi associated with biosorption and plant growth promotion increased, whereas the relative abundance of fungi related to bioleaching and potential pathogens decreased after applying MHA. Redundancy (RDA) analysis revealed that the soil pH was a crucial environmental factor in the succession of fungal communities. In addition, the results of functional prediction via FUNGuild suggested that the application of MHA had the potential to reduce the risk of pathogens infecting animals and plants in the soil but that NHA had some environmental risks. Overall, fungal community showed a synergistic effect of immobilization with the test amendments, and MHA was better for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils than the other test amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liujiazhan plantation, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Rui-Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liujiazhan plantation, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Jia-Ni Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liujiazhan plantation, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liujiazhan plantation, Yingtan 335211, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research Center of Eco-Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution, Jiangxi Academy of Science, Nanchang 330096, China.
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15
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Sadeghi F, Samsampour D, Seyahooei MA, Bagheri A, Soltani J. Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Fungal Endophytes Associated with Citrus reticulata cv. Siyahoo. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:279-289. [PMID: 30689005 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are characterized as microorganisms found within internal tissues of living plants without any immediate, overtly negative effects. The present study was carried out to isolate, taxonomically characterize and determine the spatiotemporal distribution of endophytic fungi associated with leaf, stem, trunk, and root of mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Siyahoo). To do so, the sampling program was done seasonally in four geographically isolated mandarin growing areas of Hormozgan province of Iran, including Siyahoo, Ahmadi, Sikhoran, and Roudan. In total, 702 fungal isolates were obtained from leaf, stem, trunk, and root of healthy mandarin trees divided into 26 distinct morphotypes based on morphological characteristics. The morphotypes were taxonomically characterized through phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 rDNA region sequences. Accordingly, 10 different fungal orders from 5 fungal classes were identified, i.e., Saccharomycetes (Saccharomycetales), Eurotiomycetes (Eurotiales), Dothideomycetes (Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Dothideales), and Sordariomycetes (Diaporthales, Hypocreales, Microascales, Togniniales), all from Ascomycota, which represented 97.2% and Ustilaginomycetes (Ustilaginales) from Basidiomycota which represented 2.8% of the isolates. The Aureobasidium pullulans, Penicillium citrinum, and Dothideomycetes sp. were the most frequent isolates. The trunk and leaf showed the highest and lowest total colonization frequency and species richness of endophytic fungi, respectively, in all sampling periods. The results showed that the colonization frequency of endophytes in Hormozgan province was higher in autumn than that in spring, winter, and summer. The trunk showed the maximum diversity of endophytes over all seasons. The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson indices had significant correlation with sampling cites and tissue type and the maximum value of Shannon and Simpson indices (H' = 3.05 and 1 - D = 0.94) was found in the specimens collected from Siyahoo. In conclusion, the three factors (season, location, and tissue type) all in together could determine fungal endophyte composition of C. reticulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Davood Samsampour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Majeed Askari Seyahooei
- Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abdoolnabi Bagheri
- Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Jalal Soltani
- Phytopathology Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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16
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Silva LF, Freire KTLS, Araújo-Magalhães GR, Agamez-Montalvo GS, Sousa MA, Costa-Silva TA, Paiva LM, Pessoa-Junior A, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CM. Penicillium and Talaromyces endophytes from Tillandsia catimbauensis, a bromeliad endemic in the Brazilian tropical dry forest, and their potential for L-asparaginase production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:162. [PMID: 30368630 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to report the richness of endophytic Penicillium and Talaromyces species isolated from Tillandsia catimbauensis, a bromeliad endemic in the Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga), to verify their ability to produce the enzyme L-asparaginase and to partially optimise the production of biomass and L-asparaginase of the best enzyme producer. A total of 184 endophytes were isolated, of which 52 (29%) were identified through morphological and phylogenetic analysis using β-tubulin sequences into nine putative species, four in Penicillium and five in Talaromyces. Talaromyces diversus and T. cf. cecidicola were the most frequent taxa. Among the 20 endophytic isolates selected for L-asparaginase production, 10 had the potential to produce the enzyme (0.50-2.30 U/g), especially T. cf. cecidicola URM 7826 (2.30 U/g) and Penicillium sp. 4 URM 7827 (1.28 U/g). As T. cf. cecidicola URM 7826 exhibited significant ability to produce the enzyme, it was selected for the partial optimisation of biomass and L-asparaginase production. Results of the 23 factorial experimental design showed that the highest dry biomass (0.66 g) was obtained under pH 6.0, inoculum concentration of 1 × 108 and 1% L-proline. However, the inoculum concentration was found to be statistically significant, the pH was marginally significant and the concentration of L-proline was not statistically significant. L-Asparaginase production varied between 0.58 and 1.02 U/g and did not reach the optimal point for enzyme production. This study demonstrates that T. catimbauensis is colonised by different Penicillium and Talaromyces species, which are indicated for enzyme production studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia F Silva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Karla T L S Freire
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Gianne R Araújo-Magalhães
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociência Animal, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Gualberto S Agamez-Montalvo
- Departamento de Estatística e Matemática Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP: 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Minelli A Sousa
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Tales A Costa-Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Laura M Paiva
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa-Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jadson D P Bezerra
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Cristina M Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Nelson Chaves, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
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17
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ud Din Z, de Medeiros L, Abreu L, Pfenning LH, Lopes Jymeni D, Rodrigues-Filho E. Differential metabolism of diastereoisomeric diterpenes by Preussia minima, found as endophytic fungus in Cupressus lusitanica. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Scott M, Rani M, Samsatly J, Charron JB, Jabaji S. Endophytes of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars: identification of culturable bacteria and fungi in leaves, petioles, and seeds. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:664-680. [PMID: 29911410 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant endophytes are a group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. The diversity and molecular and biochemical characterization of industrial hemp-associated endophytes have not been previously studied. This study explored the abundance and diversity of culturable endophytes residing in petioles, leaves, and seeds of three industrial hemp cultivars, and examined their biochemical attributes and antifungal potential. A total of 134 bacterial and 53 fungal strains were isolated from cultivars Anka, CRS-1, and Yvonne. The number of bacterial isolates was similarly distributed among the cultivars, with the majority recovered from petiole tissue. Most fungal strains originated from leaf tissue of cultivar Anka. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses grouped the endophytes into 18 bacterial and 13 fungal taxa, respectively. The most abundant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, and the fungal genera were Aureobasidium, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus. The presence of siderophores, cellulase production, and phosphorus solubilization were the main biochemical traits. In proof-of-concept experiments, re-inoculation of tomato roots with some endophytes confirmed their migration to aerial tissues of the plant. Taken together, this study demonstrates that industrial hemp harbours a diversity of microbial endophytes, some of which could be used in growth promotion and (or) in biological control designed experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Scott
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mamta Rani
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jamil Samsatly
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.,Plant Science Department, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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19
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Pansanit A, Pripdeevech P. Antibacterial secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus, Arthrinium sp. MFLUCC16-1053 isolated from Zingiber cassumunar. Mycology 2018; 9:264-272. [PMID: 30533252 PMCID: PMC6282471 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1481154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-four endophytes were isolated from Zingiber cassumunar and identified morphologically. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytes were obtained. The ethyl acetate extracts were subjected to study antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate extract of the Arthrinium sp. MFLUCC16-1053 showed activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, the minimum inhibition concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 31.25 and 7.81 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the crude extract showed highest antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging at IC50 value of 28.47 µg/mL. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the extract of the Arthrinium sp. MFLUCC16-1053 contains various antibacterial and antioxidant compounds which are β-cyclocitral, 3E-cembrene A, laurenan-2-one, sclareol, 2Z,6E-farnesol, cembrene, β-isocomene and γ-curcumene. The fungus Arthrinium sp. MFLUCC16-1053 was also identified by molecular and phylogenetic methods.
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20
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Production of Gentisyl Alcohol from Phoma herbarum Endophytic in Curcuma longa L. and Its Antagonistic Activity Towards Leaf Spot Pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1093-1109. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Achotegui-Castells A, Della Rocca G, Llusià J, Danti R, Barberini S, Bouneb M, Simoni S, Michelozzi M, Peñuelas J. Terpene arms race in the Seiridium cardinale - Cupressus sempervirens pathosystem. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18954. [PMID: 26796122 PMCID: PMC4726198 DOI: 10.1038/srep18954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The canker-causing fungus Seiridium cardinale is the major threat to Cupressus sempervirens worldwide. We investigated the production of terpenes by canker-resistant and susceptible cypresses inoculated with S. cardinale, the effect of these terpenes on fungal growth, and the defensive biotransformation of the terpenes conducted by the fungus. All infected trees produced de novo terpenes and strongly induced terpenic responses, but the responses were stronger in the canker-resistant than the susceptible trees. In vitro tests for the inhibition of fungal growth indicated that the terpene concentrations of resistant trees were more inhibitory than those of susceptible trees. The highly induced and de novo terpenes exhibited substantial inhibition (more than a fungicide reference) and had a high concentration-dependent inhibition, whereas the most abundant terpenes had a low concentration-dependent inhibition. S. cardinale biotransformed three terpenes and was capable of detoxifying them even outside the fungal mycelium, in its immediate surrounding environment. Our results thus indicated that terpenes were key defences efficiently used by C. sempervirens, but also that S. cardinale is ready for the battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Achotegui-Castells
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gianni Della Rocca
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roberto Danti
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Sara Barberini
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Mabrouk Bouneb
- CRA-ABP, Via Lanciola 12, Cascine del Riccio 50125 (FI), Italy
| | - Sauro Simoni
- CRA-ABP, Via Lanciola 12, Cascine del Riccio 50125 (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- IBBR-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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You YH, Park JM, Park JH, Kim JG. Endophyte distribution and comparative analysis of diversity in wetlands showing contrasting geomorphic conditions. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Gunawardana M, Hyde ER, Lahmeyer S, Dorsey BL, La Val TP, Mullen M, Yoo J, Knight R, Baum MM. Euphorbia plant latex is inhabited by diverse microbial communities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:1966-1977. [PMID: 26656131 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The antimicrobial properties and toxicity of Euphorbia plant latex should make it a hostile environment to microbes. However, when specimens from Euphorbia spp. were propagated in tissue culture, microbial growth was observed routinely, raising the question whether the latex of this diverse plant genus can be a niche for polymicrobial communities. METHODS Latex from a phylogenetically diverse set of Euphorbia species was collected and genomic microbial DNA extracted. Deep sequencing of bar-coded amplicons from taxonomically informative gene fragments was used to measure bacterial and fungal species richness, evenness, and composition. KEY RESULTS Euphorbia latex was found to contain unexpectedly complex bacterial (mean: 44.0 species per sample; 9 plants analyzed) and fungal (mean: 20.9 species per sample; 22 plants analyzed) communities using culture-independent methods. Many of the identified taxa are known plant endophytes, but have not been previously found in latex. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Euphorbia plant latex, a putatively hostile antimicrobial environment, unexpectedly supports diverse bacterial and fungal communities. The ecological roles of these microorganisms and potential interactions with their host plants are unknown and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Gunawardana
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016 USA
| | - Embriette R Hyde
- BioFrontiers Institute, the University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA; present address: Department of Pediatrics, the University of California at San Diego, 9600 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Sean Lahmeyer
- The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, California 91108 USA
| | - Brian L Dorsey
- The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Road, San Marino, California 91108 USA
| | - Taylor P La Val
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016 USA
| | - Madeline Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016 USA
| | - Jennifer Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016 USA
| | - Rob Knight
- BioFrontiers Institute, the University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA; present address: Department of Pediatrics, the University of California at San Diego, 9600 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Computer Science, the University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303 USA; present address: Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, the University of California at San Diego, 9600 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Marc M Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, 128-132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016 USA
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