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Liao Z, Yeoh YK, Parumasivam T, Koh WY, Alrosan M, Alu'datt MH, Tan TC. Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids: chemistry, pharmacological properties, and applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17008-17021. [PMID: 38808239 PMCID: PMC11130641 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinic (SUA), glutaric (GLA), pimelic (PA), suberic (SUBA), adipic (ADA), azelaic (AZA), and sebacic acids (SA) make up the majority of medium-chain dicarboxylic acids (MCDAs) with chain lengths of C4-C10, and are widely utilised in the chemical, food, textile, pesticide, pharmaceutical, and liquid crystal sectors. The MCDAs' two carboxyl groups provide them with an incredibly broad variety of applications. The focus of significant scientific research now is on the increasingly varied pharmacological effects of MCDAs. However, only a few studies have compared the biological characteristics of MCDAs in the contemporary pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors and thoroughly examined the most recent research and marketing initiatives for MCDAs. This review's objective is to offer a thorough analysis of academic works on MCDAs, to assess the usefulness of these substances' chemical-pharmacological properties for use in the contemporary pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, and to investigate the direction of their possible applications in these two disciplines. In addition, this review investigates how these compounds are metabolised in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Liao
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Yu-Kee Yeoh
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | | | - Wee Yin Koh
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Alrosan
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University Al-Arab St. 21 Amman 11931 Jordan
| | - Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University P.O. Box. 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia +604-653 6375 +604-653 6217
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Shah HS, Zaib S, Khan I, Sliem MA, Alharbi O, Al-Ghorbani M, Jawad Z, Shahzadi K, Awan S. Preparation and investigation of a novel combination of Solanum nigrum-loaded, arabinoxylan-cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges for the treatment of cancer: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1325498. [PMID: 38125886 PMCID: PMC10730681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1325498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer contributes to a high mortality rate worldwide spanning its diversity from genetics to resistant therapeutic response. To date emerging strategies to combat and manage cancer are particularly focused on the development of targeted therapies as conventional treatments account for the destruction of normal cells as well. In this regard, medicinal plant-based therapies are quite promising in imposing minimal side effects; however, limitations like poor bioavailability and stability of bioactive phytochemicals are associated with them. In parallel, nanotechnology provides nominal solution to deliver particular therapeutic agent without compromising its stability. Methods: In this study, Solanum nigrum, an effective medicinal plant, loaded arabinoxylan cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (SN-AXCDNS) were designed to evaluate antitumor activity against breast cancer. Therefore, SN-AXCDNS were prepared by using cross-linker melt method and characterized by physicochemical and pharmacological parameters. Results: Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were estimated as 226 ± 4 nm, -29.15 ± 5.71 mV and 93%, respectively. Surface morphology of nanocomposites showed spherical, smooth, and porous form. Antitumor pharmacological characterization showed that SN loaded nanosponge demonstrated higher cytotoxicity (22.67 ± 6.11 μg/mL), by inducing DNA damage as compared to void SN extract. Flow cytometry analysis reported that encapsulated extract promoted cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 (9.51%). Moreover, in vivo analysis demonstrates the reduction in tumor weight and 85% survival chances in nanosponge treated mice featuring its effectiveness. In addition, in silico analysis revealed that β-cyclodextrin potentially inhibits MELK in breast cancer cell lines (B.E = -10.1 Kcal/mol). Conclusion: Therefore, findings of current study elucidated the therapeutic potential of β-cyclodextrin based nanosponges to be an alternative approach regarding the delivery and solubilization of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud A. Sliem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zobia Jawad
- Ladywillingdon Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Awan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Raina N, Rani R, Thakur VK, Gupta M. New Insights in Topical Drug Delivery for Skin Disorders: From a Nanotechnological Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19145-19167. [PMID: 37305231 PMCID: PMC10249123 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in humans, is an efficient route for the delivery of drugs as it circumvents several disadvantages of the oral and parenteral routes. These advantages of skin have fascinated researchers in recent decades. Drug delivery via a topical route includes moving the drug from a topical product to a locally targeted region with dermal circulation throughout the body and deeper tissues. Still, due to the skin's barrier function, delivery through the skin can be difficult. Drug delivery to the skin using conventional formulations with micronized active components, for instance, lotions, gels, ointments, and creams, results in poor penetration. The use of nanoparticulate carriers is one of the promising strategies, as it provides efficient delivery of drugs through the skin and overcomes the disadvantage of traditional formulations. Nanoformulations with smaller particle sizes contribute to improved permeability of therapeutic agents, targeting, stability, and retention, making nanoformulations ideal for drug delivery through a topical route. Achieving sustained release and preserving a localized effect utilizing nanocarriers can result in the effective treatment of numerous infections or skin disorders. This article aims to evaluate and discuss the most recent developments of nanocarriers as therapeutic agent vehicles for skin conditions with patent technology and a market overview that will give future directions for research. As topical drug delivery systems have shown great preclinical results for skin problems, for future research directions, we anticipate including in-depth studies of nanocarrier behavior in various customized treatments to take into account the phenotypic variability of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Raina
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Radha Rani
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
- School
of Engineering, University of Petroleum
& Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences
and Research University, Pushp
Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
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Salazar Sandoval S, Bruna T, Maldonado-Bravo F, Bolaños K, Adasme-Reyes S, Riveros A, Caro N, Yutronic N, Silva N, Kogan MJ, Jara P. β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Silver Nanoparticles to Increase the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093538. [PMID: 37176420 PMCID: PMC10179898 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to synthesize and characterize a nanocarrier that consisted of a ternary system, namely β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge (NS) inclusion compounds (ICs) associated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increase the antimicrobial activity of quercetin (QRC). The nanosystem was developed to overcome the therapeutical limitations of QRC. The host-guest interaction between NSs and QRC was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Moreover, the association of AgNPs with the NS-QRC was characterized using FE-SEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ-potential, and UV-Vis. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the novel formulations was tested, which depicted that the complexation of QRC inside the supramolecular interstices of NSs increases the inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, as compared to that observed in the free QRC. In addition, at the same concentrations used to generate an antibacterial effect, the NS-QRC system with AgNPs does not affect the metabolic activity of GES-1 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that the use of NSs associated with AgNPs resulted in an efficient strategy to improve the physicochemical features of QRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Salazar Sandoval
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Facultad de Diseño, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Tamara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Francisca Maldonado-Bravo
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Karen Bolaños
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Sofía Adasme-Reyes
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Ana Riveros
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Nelson Caro
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejército 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Nicolás Yutronic
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Nataly Silva
- Facultad de Diseño, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Paul Jara
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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Nair AB, Dalal P, Kadian V, Kumar S, Garg M, Rao R, Almuqbil RM, Alnaim AS, Aldhubiab B, Alqattan F. Formulation Strategies for Enhancing Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Potential of Sesamol: A Natural Phenolic Bioactive. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 36904028 PMCID: PMC10005287 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants and their products continue to be the major source of phytoconstituents in food and therapeutics. Scientific studies have evidenced the benefits of sesame oil and its bioactives in various health conditions. Various bioactives present in it include sesamin, sasamolin, sesaminol, and sesamol; among these, sesamol represents a major constituent. This bioactive is responsible for preventing various diseases including cancer, hepatic disorders, cardiac ailments, and neurological diseases. In the last decade, the application of sesamol in the management of various disorders has attracted the increasing interest of the research community. Owing to its prominent pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial, sesamol has been explored for the above-mentioned disorders. However, despite the above-mentioned therapeutic potential, its clinical utility is mainly hindered owing to low solubility, stability, bioavailability, and rapid clearance issues. In this regard, numerous strategies have been explored to surpass these restrictions with the formulation of novel carrier platforms. This review aims to describe the various reports and summarize the different pharmacological activities of sesamol. Furthermore, one part of this review is devoted to formulating strategies to improve sesamol's challenges. To resolve the issues such as the stability, low bioavailability, and high systemic clearance of sesamol, novel carrier systems have been developed to open a new avenue to utilize this bioactive as an efficient first-line treatment for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Dalal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Varsha Kadian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
- Atam Institute of Pharmacy, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Minakshi Garg
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Alnaim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Alqattan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Kadian V, Dalal P, Kumar S, Kapoor A, Rao R. Comparative evaluation of dithranol-loaded nanosponges fabricated by solvent evaporation technique and melt method. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dithranol, a standard drug for psoriasis, has lured keen attention by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its poor stability and solubility critically impair the formulation design, evaluation and administration. To improve these issues, dithranol was encased in β-cyclodextrin nanosponges using solvent evaporation technique. Previously, nanosponges containing dithranol were developed in our laboratory using melt technique. Herein, a comparison of nanosponges prepared by both techniques was also included.
Results
Different nanosponge batches were engineered using diphenyl carbonate as cross-linker with β-cyclodextrin as polymer employing solvent evaporation technique. Dithranol was loaded in nanosponges via lyophilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimeter and powdered X-ray diffraction studies confirmed successful encapsulation and complexation of this drug in β-cyclodextrin nanosponges. The effect of a variable amount of cross-linker on the solubility, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, particle size and polydispersity index was evaluated in fabricated nanocarriers. Further, β-cyclodextrin nanosponge batches were subjected to solubility studies, photostability examination and antioxidant activity analysis and compared with previously prepared dithranol-loaded nanosponges. From the present studies results, it was concluded that dithranol-loaded nanosponges using solvent evaporation technique not only improved solubility and photostability but also preserved the antioxidant efficacy of the chosen drug.
Conclusion
The overall results emphasized moral guidance concerning encapsulation, evaluation and characterization and accredited dithranol solubilization, photostability and antioxidant potential. However, solvent evaporation and melt method are easy and promising methods to fabricate nanosponges for dithranol. This comparative study demonstrated the parameters which were affected by chosen techniques. Further, from the results of present studies, it was concluded that the formulation scientists should select the preparation technique based on the objective of their research work and requirement of desired features.
Graphical abstract
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Decrypting the Potential of Nanotechnology-Based Approaches as Cutting-Edge for Management of Hyperpigmentation Disorder. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010220. [PMID: 36615414 PMCID: PMC9822493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The abundant synthesis and accretion of melanin inside skin can be caused by activation of melanogenic enzymes or increase in number of melanocytes. Melasma is defined as hyperpigmented bright or dark brown spots which are symmetrically distributed and have serrated and irregular borders. The three general categories of pigmentation pattern include centro facial pattern, malar pattern, and mandibular pattern. Exposure to UV rays, heat, use of cosmetics and photosensitizing drugs, female sex hormonal therapies, aberrant production of melanocyte stimulating hormone, and increasing aesthetic demands are factors which cause the development of melasma disease. This review gives a brief overview regarding the Fitzpatrick skin phototype classification system, life cycle of melanin, mechanism of action of anti-hyperpigmenting drugs, and existing pharmacotherapy strategies for the treatment of melasma. The objectives of this review are focused on role of cutting-edge nanotechnology-based strategies, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, i.e., lipid nanoparticles, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, transfersomes, aspasomes, invasomes penetration-enhancing vesicles; inorganic nanocarriers, i.e., gold nanoparticles and fullerenes; and polymer-based nanocarriers i.e., polymeric nanoparticles, polymerosomes, and polymeric micelles for the management of hyperpigmentation.
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Nair AB, Dalal P, Kadian V, Kumar S, Kapoor A, Garg M, Rao R, Aldhubiab B, Sreeharsha N, Almuqbil RM, Attimarad M, Elsewedy HS, Shinu P. Formulation, Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxicity Study of Sesamol-Laden Nanosponges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4211. [PMID: 36500833 PMCID: PMC9740471 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol (SES) possesses remarkable chemotherapeutic activity, owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. However, the activity of SES is mainly hampered by its poor physicochemical properties and stability issues. Hence, to improve the efficacy of this natural anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agent, it was loaded into β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS) prepared using different molar ratios of polymer and crosslinker (diphenyl carbonate). The particle size of SES-laden NS (SES-NS) was shown to be in the nano range (200 to 500 nm), with a low polydispersity index, an adequate charge (-17 to -26 mV), and a high payload. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the bioactive-loaded selected batch (SES-NS6). This batch of nanoformulations showed improved solubilization efficacy (701.88 µg/mL) in comparison to bare SES (244.36 µg/mL), polymer (β-CD) (261.43 µg/mL), and other fabricated batches. The drug release data displayed the controlled release behavior of SES from NS. The findings of the egg albumin denaturation assay revealed the enhanced anti-inflammatory potential of SES-NS as compared to bare SES. Further, the cytotoxicity assay showed that SES-NS was more effective against B16F12 melanoma cell lines than the bioactive alone. The findings of this assay demonstrated a reduction in the IC50 values of SES-NS (67.38 μg/mL) in comparison to SES (106 μg/mL). The present investigation demonstrated the in vitro controlled release pattern and the enhanced anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of SES-NS, suggesting its potential as a promising drug delivery carrier for topical delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Dalal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Varsha Kadian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
- Atam Institute of Pharmacy, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Archana Kapoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Minakshi Garg
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Rashed M. Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Mullick P, R Hegde A, Gopalan D, Pandey A, Nandakumar K, Jain S, Kuppusamy G, Mutalik S. Evolving era of "sponges": Nanosponges as a versatile nanocarrier for the effective skin delivery of drugs. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1885-1896. [PMID: 35585809 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220518090431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanosponge, as a carrier for skin delivery system for drugs, plays a vital role. It not only serves to administer the drug to the targeted layer of skin but also increases the drug retention and deposition on the skin. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aim to highlight the effects of several process and formulation variables prompting the characteristics of various nanosponges for the delivery of drugs into/ across the skin. METHOD In the present review article, over-all introduction of nanosponges, its preparation, characterstics features, advanatges, disadvantages, factors affecting their preparation are covered. Furthermore, an elaborative description of nanosponges for skin delivery and its toxicological perspective with some referential examples of nanosponge drugs have also been deliberated here. RESULTS Factors associated with the formation of nanosponges can directly or indirectly affect its efficacy in skin delivery of drugs. These nanoforms are efficient in delivering the drugs which possess lower aqueous solubility, therefore, the aqueous solubility of drugs possessing a narrow therapeutic window can easily be enhanced. It also helps in achieving targeted drug delivery, controlled release of drugs, increases bioavailability, reduces drug toxicity, decreases drug degradation, and many more. CONCLUSION Nanosponges have been identified as a potential drug delivery carriers into as well as across skin. Delivery of biologics such as vaccines, enzymes, peptides, proteins, and antibodies, is also gaining attention in the recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashansha Mullick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab State, India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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Nutraceutical Concepts and Dextrin-Based Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084102. [PMID: 35456919 PMCID: PMC9031143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are bioactive or chemical compounds acclaimed for their valuable biological activities and health-promoting effects. The global community is faced with many health concerns such as cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, etc. The effect of nutraceuticals is similar to pharmaceuticals, even though the term nutraceutical has no regulatory definition. The usage of nutraceuticals, to prevent and treat the aforementioned diseases, is limited by several features such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, low permeability, low efficacy, etc. These downsides can be overcome by the application of the field of nanotechnology manipulating the properties and structures of materials at the nanometer scale. In this review, the linear and cyclic dextrin, formed during the enzymatic degradation of starch, are highlighted as highly promising nanomaterials- based drug delivery systems. The modified cyclic dextrin, cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs), are well-known delivery systems of several nutraceuticals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, thyme essential oil, melatonin, and appear as a more advanced drug delivery system than modified linear dextrin. CD-based NSs prolong and control the nutraceuticals release, and display higher biocompatibility, stability, and solubility of poorly water-soluble nutraceuticals than the CD-inclusion complexes, or uncomplexed nutraceuticals. In addition, the well-explored CD-based NSs pathways, as drug delivery systems, are described. Although important progress is made in drug delivery, all the findings will serve as a source for the use of CD-based nanosystems for nutraceutical delivery. To sum up, our review introduces the extensive literature about the nutraceutical concepts, synthesis, characterization, and applications of the CD-based nano delivery systems that will further contribute to the nutraceutical delivery with more potent nanosystems based on linear dextrins.
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Nanocarriers as Active Ingredients Enhancers in the Cosmetic Industry-The European and North America Regulation Challenges. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051669. [PMID: 35268769 PMCID: PMC8911847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
“Flawless skin is the most universally desired human feature” is an iconic statement by Desmond Morris. Skin indicates one´s health and is so important that it affects a person’s emotional and psychological behavior, these facts having propelled the development of the cosmetics industry. It is estimated that in 2023, this industry will achieve more than 800 billion dollars. This boost is due to the development of new cosmetic formulations based on nanotechnology. Nanocarriers have been able to solve problems related to active ingredients regarding their solubility, poor stability, and release. Even though nanocarriers have evident benefits, they also present some problems related to the high cost, low shelf life, and toxicity. Regulation and legislation are two controversial topics regarding the use of nanotechnology in the field of cosmetics. In this area, the U.S. FDA has taken the lead and recommended several biosafety studies and post-market safety evaluations. The lack of a global definition that identifies nanomaterials as a cosmetic ingredient is a hindrance to the development of global legislation. In the EU, the legislation regarding the biosafety of nanomaterials in cosmetics is stricter. “The cost is not the only important issue, safety and the application of alternative testing methods for toxicity are of crucial importance as well”.
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Sharma K, Kadian V, Kumar A, Mahant S, Rao R. Evaluation of solubility, photostability and antioxidant activity of ellagic acid cyclodextrin nanosponges fabricated by melt method and microwave-assisted synthesis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:898-908. [PMID: 35153320 PMCID: PMC8814127 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic bioactive with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Regrettably, it possesses poor solubility, stability and permeability (in the gastrointestinal tract); and first-pass metabolism. Therefore, to address these challenges, the present research was aimed to encapsulate EA in cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS). Herein, the melt method and microwave-assisted technique have been employed for crafting CDNS. EA was loaded in CDNS via freeze-drying, followed by appropriate characterization. EA-CDNS were also assessed for encapsulation, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, which presented satisfactory results. In vitro, antioxidant activity was conducted using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The solubilization efficacy of EA was analyzed in distilled water and compared with CDNS, which demonstrated ten folds augmentation for the selected batch. A remarkable improvement in the photostability of EA was also observed after its inclusion. In nutshell, the results demonstrated the superiority of the melt method in terms of solubility, entrapment, photostability, and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Varsha Kadian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
| | - Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001 India
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Arpa MD, Seçen İM, Erim ÜC, Hoş A, Üstündağ Okur N. Azelaic acid loaded chitosan and HPMC based hydrogels for treatment of acne: formulation, characterization, in vitro- ex vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:268-281. [PMID: 35112652 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2038620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hydrogels containing azelaic acid were developed using chitosan or HPMC (1-7%) for local treatment of acne vulgaris. Physicochemical properties such as viscosity, pH and mechanical properties were evaluated. In vitro release and ex vivo permeability studies were performed using Franz diffusion cell system. The pH of the hydrogels were highly compatible with the skin pH and varied between 4.38-5.84. The cumulative release percentages of the hydrogels at the end of 6 hours were 65-78%, whereas the marketed product yielded 50% drug release. According to the ex vivo permeability results, azelaic acid accumulated in the skin were found to be 9.38 ± 0.65% (marketed cream), 19.53 ± 1.06% (K3), 10.96 ± 1.91% (H6). The antiacne studies with Cutibacterium acnes revealed that K3 (29.45 ± 0.95) and H6 (32.35 ± 0.15) had higher inhibition zones compared to the marketed cream (24.50 ± 0.90). Additionally, the gels were found to be highly stable as a result of the stability studies for 6 months. Among the hydrogels that were prepared based on experimental findings, K3 (3% Chitosan) and H6 (6% HPMC) represented elevated in vitro release profile, higher permeability and increased antiacne activity. The findings of this research suggest that the developed hydrogels might be an alternative to the marketed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Davut Arpa
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34085, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İkbal Merve Seçen
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34085, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümit Can Erim
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 34085, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Hoş
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, 34085, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey
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Salazar S, Yutronic N, Kogan MJ, Jara P. Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Gold Nanoparticles for Potential Application in the Photothermal Release of Melphalan and Cytoxan. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6446. [PMID: 34208594 PMCID: PMC8234497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-based nano-sponges (NS) inclusion compounds (IC) with the anti-tumor drugs melphalan (MPH) and cytoxan (CYT), and the addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto both systems, for the potential release of the drugs by means of laser irradiation. The NS-MPH and NS-CYT inclusion compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Thus, the inclusion of MPH and CYT inside the cavities of NSs was confirmed. The association of AuNPs with the ICs was confirmed by SEM, EDS, TEM, and UV-Vis. Drug release studies using NSs synthesized with different molar ratios of β-cyclodextrin and diphenylcarbonate (1:4 and 1:8) demonstrated that the ability of NSs to entrap and release the drug molecules depends on the crosslinking between the cyclodextrin monomers. Finally, irradiation assays using a continuous laser of 532 nm showed that photothermal drug release of both MPH and CYT from the cavities of NSs via plasmonic heating of AuNPs is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Salazar
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Departamento de Química, Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Nicolás Yutronic
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Departamento de Química, Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Paul Jara
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
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