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Lou H, Wang F, Zhang J, Wei G, Wei J, Hu H, Li Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Huang Y, Wu J, Pei D, Huang J, Zhang Q. JrGA20ox1-transformed rootstocks deliver drought response signals to wild-type scions in grafted walnut. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae143. [PMID: 38988618 PMCID: PMC11233861 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Targeted regulation using transgrafting technology has become a trend. However, the mechanisms of transgene-derived signal communication between rootstocks and scions remain unclear in woody plants. Here, we grafted wild-type (WT) walnut (Juglans regia L.) on WT (WT/WT), JrGA20ox1 (encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase)-overexpressing (WT/OE), and JrGA20ox1-RNAi transformation (WT/RNAi) walnut in vitro. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of JrGA20ox1-derived signal communication under PEG-simulated drought stress between rootstocks and scions in walnut. We demonstrated that JrGA20ox1-OE and JrGA20ox1-RNAi rootstocks could transport active gibberellins (GAs) and JrGA20ox1-RNAi vector-produced sRNAs to WT scions under PEG-simulated drought stress, respectively. The movement of sRNAs further led to a successive decline in JrGA20ox1 expression and active GA content. Meanwhile, unknown mobile signals may move between rootstocks and scions. These mobile signals reduced the expression of a series of GA-responsive and GA-non-responsive genes, and induced ROS production in guard cells and an increase in ABA content, which may contribute to the drought tolerance of WT/RNAi, while the opposite occurred in WT/OE. The findings suggest that JrGA20ox1-derived rootstock-to-scion movement of signals is involved in drought tolerance of scions. Our research will provide a feasible approach for studying signal communication in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fengmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Guangli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Hengkang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Schubert V, Weißleder A, Lermontova I. Simultaneous EYFP-CENH3/H2B-DsRed Expression Is Impaired Differentially in Meristematic and Differentiated Nuclei of Arabidopsis Double Transformants. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:74-80. [PMID: 37552957 DOI: 10.1159/000533317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence live-cell microscopy is important in cell biology to perform artifact-free investigations. To analyze the dynamics of chromatin and centromeres at different stages of the cell cycle in nuclei and chromosomes, we performed simultaneous EYFP-CENH3/H2B-DsRed and single H2B-YFP transformations in Arabidopsis wild-type and cohesin T-DNA mutants. All constructs were under the control of the strong CaMV 35S promoter. While a strong silencing of fluorescence expression occurred differently in leaf and root tissues in the double transformants, nearly all single-transformed wild-type and most mutant cells showed H2B-YFP fluorescence. It seems that for an efficient co-expression of two fluorescence proteins, endogenous promoters and terminators should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Andrea Weißleder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Inna Lermontova
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
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Pena MM, Teper D, Ferreira H, Wang N, Sato KU, Ferro MIT, Ferro JA. mCherry fusions enable the subcellular localization of periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins in Xanthomonas sp. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236185. [PMID: 32730344 PMCID: PMC7392301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent markers are a powerful tool and have been widely applied in biology for different purposes. The genome sequence of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) revealed that approximately 30% of the genes encoded hypothetical proteins, some of which could play an important role in the success of plant-pathogen interaction and disease triggering. Therefore, revealing their functions is an important strategy to understand the bacterium pathways and mechanisms involved in plant-host interaction. The elucidation of protein function is not a trivial task, but the identification of the subcellular localization of a protein is key to understanding its function. We have constructed an integrative vector, pMAJIIc, under the control of the arabinose promoter, which allows the inducible expression of red fluorescent protein (mCherry) fusions in X. citri, suitable for subcellular localization of target proteins. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track the localization of VrpA protein, which was visualized surrounding the bacterial outer membrane, and the GyrB protein, which showed a diffused cytoplasmic localization, sometimes with dots accumulated near the cellular poles. The integration of the vector into the amy locus of X. citri did not affect bacterial virulence. The vector could be stably maintained in X. citri, and the disruption of the α-amylase gene provided an ease screening method for the selection of the transformant colonies. The results demonstrate that the mCherry-containing vector here described is a powerful tool for bacterial protein localization in cytoplasmic and periplasmic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mendonça Pena
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Doron Teper
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States of America
| | - Kenny Umino Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro
- Department of Technology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesus Aparecido Ferro
- Department of Technology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Huerta-Zavala ML, Lopez-Castillejos ES, Requenez-Contreras JL, Granados-Riveron JT, Aquino-Jarquin G. A single miRNA and miRNA sponge expression system for efficient modulation of miR-223 availability in mammalian cells. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3100. [PMID: 31166636 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of microRNAs (miRNAs), comprising small non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides, have been discovered, although the entirety of their biological functions is poorly understood. Overexpression or suppression approaches are commonly performed to investigate the function of specific miRNAs. In the present study, we focused on generating a lentiviral vector-based strategy that enables hsa-miR-223-3p (miR-223) overexpression and suppression in the target cells for functional analysis of this miRNA easily and rapidly. METHODS The sequence that gives rise to miR-223 and the sequence generating the sponge RNA with four binding sites for miR-223 were cloned in pLVX-shRNA2 vector. The functionality of the vector to overexpress miR-223 was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays, whereas the post-transcriptional regulation exerted by miR-223 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays in AD-293 cells. The anti-miR-223 sponge activity with one binding site for miR-223 (pmCherry-anti-miR-223) was confirmed by qRT-PCR and the restoration of its target (IKKα) was evaluated by western blot assays in Jurkat cells. RESULTS The pLVX-miR-223 vector is functional for over-expressing miR-223 and regulates the mRNA of MDR1/ABCB1 at the post-transcriptional level in AD-293 cells. The anti-miR-223 sponge with one miR-223 binding site efficiently modulates the miR-223 availability and not the one with four sites. The over-expression of anti-miR-223 correlated with a decrease in the levels of miR-223 and, consequently, with an increase in the expression level of the IKKα protein in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSIONS This single miRNA and miRNA sponge expression system specifically alters the availability of miR-223 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Lizbeth Huerta-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Torre de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Erika Sicahui Lopez-Castillejos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Torre de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Luis Requenez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Torre de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Javier Tadeo Granados-Riveron
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Torre de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Genómica, Genética y Bioinformática, Torre de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, Mexico
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Du D, Jin R, Guo J, Zhang F. Construction of Marker-Free Genetically Modified Maize Using a Heat-Inducible Auto-Excision Vector. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050374. [PMID: 31108922 PMCID: PMC6562874 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modification is a promising tool for plant breeding, and gradual application from the laboratory to the field. Selectable marker genes (SMG) are required in the transformation process to simplify the identification of transgenic plants; however, it is more desirable to obtain transgenic plants without selection markers. Transgene integration mediated by site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. Here, we present an auto-elimination vector system that uses a heat-inducible Cre to eliminate the selectable marker from transgenic maize, without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. The vector combines an inducible site-specific recombinase (hsp70::Cre) that allows for the precise elimination of the selectable marker gene egfp upon heating. This marker gene is used for the initial positive selection of transgenic tissue. The egfp also functions as a visual marker to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heat-inducible Cre. A second marker gene for anthocyanin pigmentation (Rsc) is located outside of the region eliminated by Cre and is used for the identification of transgenic offspring in future generations. Using the heat-inducible auto-excision vector, marker-free transgenic maize plants were obtained in a precisely controlled genetic modification process. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the inducible auto-excision system was tightly controlled, with highly efficient DNA excision, and provided a highly reliable method to generate marker-free transgenic maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ruchang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinjie Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fangdong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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6
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Sun L, Alariqi M, Zhu Y, Li J, Li Z, Wang Q, Li Y, Rui H, Zhang X, Jin S. Red fluorescent protein (DsRed2), an ideal reporter for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Du S, Meng L, Song L, Zhang P, Shou X, Liu C, Li F. Safety markers for rhabdomyosarcoma cells using an in vivo imaging system. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1031-1038. [PMID: 29963179 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging system (IVIS) is a novel and rapidly expanding technology that is widely applied in life sciences, including cell tracing. IVIS is able to quantify biological events, including tumor proliferation, through counting the number of photons emitted from a specimen. PLA802-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), PLA802-monomeric cherry fluorescent protein (mCherry), RH30-EGFP and RH30-mCherry tumor cells were injected into 18 BALB/c female nude mice subcutaneously with 5×106 cells in 100 µl to quantitatively analyze EGFP and mCherry cells traced by IVIS. Inversion fluorescence microscopy revealed no transfection efficiency difference between PLA802-EGFP (95.3±1.2%) and PLA802-mCherry (95.8±1.7%), or between RH30-EGFP (94.7±2.1%) and RH30-mCherry (95.2±1.9%). Transfection did not influence the cell morphology of PLA802 or RH30. The cell migration, invasion and proliferation assay results of lentivirus-EGFP and lentivirus-mCherry revealed no significant difference prior to or following transfection. Therefore, lentivirus-EGFP and lentivirus-mCherry may serve as safety biological markers for PLA802 and RH30 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that lentivirus-EGFP and lentivirus-mCherry tumor luminescence signals were observed in all mice by IVIS. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that PLA802-EGFP, PLA802-mCherry, RH30-EGFP and RH30-mCherry cell lines exhibited rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) characteristics like the maternal cells. In summary, mCherry and green fluorescent protein in human RMS PLA802 and RH30 cancer cells may be safely and stably expressed for a long time in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xijing University, Xian, Shanxi 710123, P.R. China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xi Shou
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Medical Animal Model Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Liu X, Walawage SL, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Tricoli DM, Hu H, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xv C, Huang J, Zhang Q. In vitro gene expression and mRNA translocation from transformed walnut (Juglans regia) rootstocks expressing DsRED fluorescent protein to wild-type scions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:877-885. [PMID: 28243724 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro grafting method was developed for examining gene translocation from rootstock to scion in walnut. Results showed the DsRED gene itself was not translocated but expressed mRNA was. Grafting is widely used in plants, especially in fruit and nut crops. Selected rootstocks can control scion growth and physiological traits, including shortening of the juvenile phase and controlling tree size. Rootstocks also can provide improved soil adaptation and pathogen resistance. Development of genetically modified (GM) fruit crops has progressed recently, but commercial cultivation is still limited due to the time required for evaluation and issues with deregulation. In this study, we evaluated the stability of DsRED marker gene expression in in vitro walnut shoots and examined translocation of the gene and its mRNA from transformed rootstock to wild-type scion. Results show that DsRED was expressed uniformly in transformed tissue-cultured shoots. When used as in vitro rootstocks, these had good graft affinity with wild-type control scion. PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the DsRED gene was not transported from rootstock to scion, but the transcribed mRNA was translocated. This result provides further evidence of gene signal transport from rootstock to scion in fruit and nut crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sriema L Walawage
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - David M Tricoli
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hengkang Hu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjun Huang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanmei Xv
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Kui L, Chen H, Zhang W, He S, Xiong Z, Zhang Y, Yan L, Zhong C, He F, Chen J, Zeng P, Zhang G, Yang S, Dong Y, Wang W, Cai J. Building a Genetic Manipulation Tool Box for Orchid Biology: Identification of Constitutive Promoters and Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in the Orchid, Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2036. [PMID: 28127299 PMCID: PMC5226938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae is the second largest family of flowering plants, which is highly valued for its ornamental purposes and medicinal uses. Dendrobium officinale is a special orchid species that can grow without seed vernalization. Because the whole-genome sequence of D. officinale is publicly available, this species is poised to become a convenient research model for the evolutionary, developmental, and genetic studies of Orchidaceae. Despite these advantages, the methods of genetic manipulation are poorly developed in D. officinale. In this study, based on the previously developed Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation system, we identified several highly efficient promoters for exogenous gene expression and successfully applied the CRISPR/Cas9 system for editing endogenous genes in the genome of D. officinale. These two basic techniques contribute to the genetic manipulation toolbox of Orchidaceae. The pCambia-1301-35SN vector containing the CaMV 35S promoter and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) and Superfolder green fluorescence protein (SG) as reporter genes were introduced into the plant tissues by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Fluorescence emission from the transformed plants confirmed the successful transcription and translation of SG genes into functional proteins. We compared the GUS activity under different promoters including four commonly used promoters (MtHP, CVMV, MMV and PCISV) with CaMV 35S promoter and found that MMV, CVMV, and PCISV were as effective as the 35S promoter. Furthermore, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system successfully in D. officinale. By selecting five target genes (C3H, C4H, 4CL, CCR, and IRX) in the lignocellulose biosynthesis pathway, we showed that, for a given target, this system can generate edits (insertions, deletions, or substitutions) at a rate of 10 to 100%. These results showed that our two genetic manipulation tools can efficiently express exogenous genes and edit endogenous genes in D. officinale. These efficient research tools will not only help create novel D. officinale varieties, but will also facilitate the molecular genetic investigation of orchid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Nowbio Biotech Inc., KunmingChina
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of MacauMacau, China
| | - Simei He
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Zijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen, China
| | - Yesheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Nowbio Biotech Inc., KunmingChina
| | - Liang Yan
- Pu’er Institute of Pu-er TeaPu’er, China
| | - Chaofang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Fengmei He
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of MacauMacau, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization and Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Nowbio Biotech Inc., KunmingChina
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming, China
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Cai, Wen Wang,
| | - Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of MacauMacau, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of ShenzhenShenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Cai, Wen Wang,
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