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Krebs N, Bock C, Tebben J, Mark FC, Lucassen M, Lannig G, Pörtner HO. Evolutionary Adaptation of Protein Turnover in White Muscle of Stenothermal Antarctic Fish: Elevated Cold Compensation at Reduced Thermal Responsiveness. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1507. [PMID: 37892189 PMCID: PMC10605280 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein turnover is highly energy consuming and overall relates to an organism's growth performance varying largely between species, e.g., due to pre-adaptation to environmental characteristics such as temperature. Here, we determined protein synthesis rates and capacity of protein degradation in white muscle of the cold stenothermal Antarctic eelpout (Pachycara brachycephalum) and its closely related temperate counterpart, the eurythermal common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Both species were exposed to acute warming (P. brachycephalum, 0 °C + 2 °C day-1; Z. viviparus, 4 °C + 3 °C day-1). The in vivo protein synthesis rate (Ks) was monitored after injection of 13C-phenylalanine, and protein degradation capacity was quantified by measuring the activity of cathepsin D in vitro. Untargeted metabolic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify the metabolic processes involved. Independent of temperature, the protein synthesis rate was higher in P. brachycephalum (Ks = 0.38-0.614 % day-1) than in Z. viviparus (Ks= 0.148-0.379% day-1). Whereas protein synthesis remained unaffected by temperature in the Antarctic species, protein synthesis in Z. viviparus increased to near the thermal optimum (16 °C) and tended to fall at higher temperatures. Most strikingly, capacities for protein degradation were about ten times higher in the Antarctic compared to the temperate species. These differences are mirrored in the metabolic profiles, with significantly higher levels of complex and essential amino acids in the free cytosolic pool of the Antarctic congener. Together, the results clearly indicate a highly cold-compensated protein turnover in the Antarctic eelpout compared to its temperate confamilial. Constant versus variable environments are mirrored in rigid versus plastic functional responses of the protein synthesis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Krebs
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Christian Bock
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Jan Tebben
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Felix C. Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; (C.B.); (F.C.M.); (M.L.); (G.L.)
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Krebs N, Tebben J, Bock C, Mark FC, Lucassen M, Lannig G, Pörtner HO. Protein Synthesis Determined from Non-Radioactive Phenylalanine Incorporated by Antarctic Fish. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030338. [PMID: 36984778 PMCID: PMC10051348 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct measurements of temperature-dependent weight gains are experimentally challenging and time-consuming in long-lived/slow-growing organisms such as Antarctic fish. Here, we reassess methodology to quantify the in vivo protein synthesis rate from amino acids, as a key component of growth. We tested whether it is possible to avoid hazardous radioactive materials and whether the analytical pathway chosen is robust against analytical errors. In the eelpout, Pachycara brachycephalum, 13C9H1115N1O2 phenylalanine was injected intraperitoneally and muscle tissue was sampled before injection and at 1.5 h time intervals up to 6 h thereafter. The incorporation of 13C15N-labeled-phenylalanine into muscle was monitored by quantification of bound and free phenylalanine through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We found an increase in the pool of labeled, free phenylalanine in the cytosolic fraction that leveled off after 4.5 h. The labeled phenylalanine bound in the proteins increased linearly over time. The resulting protein synthesis rate (Ks) for P. brachycephalum was as low as 0.049 ± 0.021% day−1. This value and its variability were in good agreement with literature data obtained from studies using radioactive labels, indicating that this methodology is well suited for characterizing growth in polar fish under in situ conditions in remote areas or on research vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Krebs
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (H.-O.P.)
| | - Jan Tebben
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Felix C. Mark
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gisela Lannig
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Pörtner
- Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (H.-O.P.)
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Resende AC, Mauro Carneiro Pereira D, Cristina Schleger I, Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza MR, Alvez Neundorf AK, Romão S, Herrerias T, Donatti L. Effects of heat shock on energy metabolism and antioxidant defence in a tropical fish species Psalidodon bifasciatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:1245-1263. [PMID: 35266159 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predictions about global warming have raised interest in assessing whether ectothermic organisms will be able to adapt to these changes. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and metabolic adjustment capacity of fish subjected to heat stress can provide subsidies that may contribute to decision-making in relation to ecosystems and organisms subjected to global climate change. This study investigated the antioxidant defence system and energy metabolism of carbohydrate and protein responses in the gill, liver and kidney tissues of Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010), a Brazilian freshwater fish used in aquaculture and in biological studies, following exposure to heat shock at 31°C for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The fish presented signs of stress in all tissues tested, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation concentration at 2 h and phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase activity at 48 h in the gills; increased glutathione-S-transferase activity at 12 h, citrate synthase activity at 24 h and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration at 12 and 48 h in the liver; and through increased activity of superoxide dismutase at 48 h, glutathione reductase at 24 h, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at 48 h and concentration of GSH at 24 h in the kidney. In the kidneys, changes in the antioxidant system were more prominent, whereas in the gills, there were greater changes in the carbohydrate metabolism. These results indicated the importance of glycolysis and aerobic metabolism in the gills, aerobic metabolism in the liver and pentose-phosphate pathway in the kidneys during homeostasis. The biomarker response was tissue specific, with the greatest number of biomarkers altered in the gills, followed by those in the kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Resende
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ieda Cristina Schleger
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Romão
- Laranjeiras do Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Herrerias
- Department of Health Promotion, Uniguairacá University Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Zhao X, Sun Z, Xu H, Song N, Gao T. Transcriptome and co-expression network analyses reveal the regulatory pathways and key genes associated with temperature adaptability in the yellow drum (Nibea albiflora). J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103071. [PMID: 34503808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is an important marine economy fish, that is widely distributed in the coastal waters of the Northwest Pacific. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanism of the yellow drum under temperature stress, transcriptome analysis was performed under five temperature conditions (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C) in the present study. Compared with 20 °C, 163, 401, 276, and 372 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 10 °C, 15 °C, 24 °C and 28 °C, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes, catalytic activity, membrane and binding. Meanwhile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the temperature adaptive regulation of the yellow drum was mainly involved in signal transduction, metabolism, genetic information and protein processing. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that HMGB1, STAT4, Noct, C1q and CRT may be the key hub genes in the response of the yellow drum to temperature stress. In addition, 20 genes that may be associated with temperature stress were identified based on comparative analysis between the KEGG enrichment and the WGCNA results. Ten DEGs were selected for further validation using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. This study explored the transcriptional patterns of the yellow drum under temperature stress and provided fundamental information on the temperature adaptability of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Qingdao Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Na Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China.
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Feidantsis K, Pörtner HO, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B. Advances in understanding the impacts of global warming on marine fishes farmed offshore: Sparus aurata as a case study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1509-1523. [PMID: 33161577 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring variations in proteins involved in metabolic processes, oxidative stress responses, cell signalling and protein homeostasis is a powerful tool for developing hypotheses of how environmental variations affect marine organisms' physiology and biology. According to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, thermal acclimation mechanisms such as adjusting the activities of enzymes of intermediary metabolism and of antioxidant defence mechanisms, inducing heat shock proteins (Hsps) or activating mitogen-activated protein kinases may all shift tolerance windows. Few studies have, however, investigated the molecular, biochemical and organismal responses by fishes to seasonal temperature variations in the field to link these to laboratory findings. Investigation of the impacts of global warming on fishes farmed offsore, in the open sea, can provide a stepping stone towards understanding effects on wild populations because they experience similar environmental fluctuations. Over the last 30 years, farming of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758) has become widespread along the Mediterranean coastline, rendering this species a useful case study. Based on available information, the prevailing seasonal temperature variations expose the species to the upper and lower limits of its thermal range. Evidence for this includes oxygen restriction, reduced feeding, reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli, plus a range of molecular and biochemical indicators that change across the thermal range. Additionally, close relationships between biochemical pathways and seasonal patterns of metabolism indicate a connection between energy demand and metabolic processes on the one hand, and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy on the other. Understanding physiological responses to temperature fluctuations in fishes farmed offshore can provide crucial background information for the conservation and successful management of aquaculture resources in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans O Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Physiologie Mariner Tiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Johansen JL, Nadler LE, Habary A, Bowden AJ, Rummer J. Thermal acclimation of tropical coral reef fishes to global heat waves. eLife 2021; 10:59162. [PMID: 33496262 PMCID: PMC7837695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As climate-driven heat waves become more frequent and intense, there is increasing urgency to understand how thermally sensitive species are responding. Acute heating events lasting days to months may elicit acclimation responses to improve performance and survival. However, the coordination of acclimation responses remains largely unknown for most stenothermal species. We documented the chronology of 18 metabolic and cardiorespiratory changes that occur in the gills, blood, spleen, and muscles when tropical coral reef fishes are thermally stressed (+3.0°C above ambient). Using representative coral reef fishes (Caesio cuning and Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus) separated by >100 million years of evolution and with stark differences in major life-history characteristics (i.e. lifespan, habitat use, mobility, etc.), we show that exposure duration illicited coordinated responses in 13 tissue and organ systems over 5 weeks. The onset and duration of biomarker responses differed between species, with C. cuning – an active, mobile species – initiating acclimation responses to unavoidable thermal stress within the first week of heat exposure; conversely, C. quinquelineatus – a sessile, territorial species – exhibited comparatively reduced acclimation responses that were delayed through time. Seven biomarkers, including red muscle citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, blood glucose and hemoglobin concentrations, spleen somatic index, and gill lamellar perimeter and width, proved critical in evaluating acclimation progression and completion, as these provided consistent evaluation of thermal responses across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Johansen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, United States.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Lauren E Nadler
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, United States.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Adam Habary
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Alyssa J Bowden
- CSIRO, Hobart, Australia.,Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jodie Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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7
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Thermal sensitivity of cell metabolism of different Antarctic fish species mirrors organism temperature tolerance. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite cold adaptation, Antarctic fish show lower growth than expected from the van’t Hoff’s Q10 rule. Protein synthesis is one of the main energy-consuming processes, which is downregulated under energy deficiency. Considering the effect of temperature on growth performance, we tested if temperature-dependent cellular energy allocation to protein synthesis correlates with temperature-dependent whole-animal growth and thus thermal tolerance. Cell respiration and energy expenditure for protein synthesis were determined in hepatocytes of the circumpolar-distributed Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum after warm acclimation (0 °C vs 5 °C) and, of two notothenioids the sub-Antarctic Lepidonotothen squamifrons and the high-Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus. We used intermittent-flow respirometry to analyse cellular response to acute warming from 5 to 10 °C (P. brachycephalum) and from 1 to 5 °C (L. squamifrons, C. hamatus). Warming-induced rise in respiration was similar between 0- and 5 °C-acclimated P. brachycephalum and between L. squamifrons and C. hamatus. Irrespective of acclimation, warming decreased energy expenditure for protein synthesis in P. brachycephalum, which corresponds to reduced whole-animal growth at temperatures > 5 °C. Warming doubled energy expenditure for protein synthesis in L. squamifrons but had no effect on C. hamatus indicating that L. squamifrons might benefit from warmer waters. The species-specific temperature effect on energy expenditure for protein synthesis is discussed to mirror thermal sensitivity of whole-animal growth performance, thereby paralleling the degree of cold adaptation. Clearly more data are necessary including measurements at narrower temperature steps particularly for C. hamatus and an increased species’ number per ecotype to reinforce presented link between cellular and whole-animal thermal sensitivity.
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Kandalski PK, Zaleski T, Forgati M, Baduy F, Eugênio DS, Machado C, de Souza MRDP, Piechnik CA, Fávaro LF, Donatti L. Effect of long-term thermal challenge on the Antarctic notothenioid Notothenia rossii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1445-1461. [PMID: 31172345 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of the Antarctic Ocean raises questions concerning the metabolic plasticity of Antarctic notothenioids to changes in the environmental temperature. In this study, Notothenia rossii survived 90 days at 8 °C, and their condition factor level was maintained. However, their hepatosomatic (0.29×) index decreased, indicating a decrease in nutrient storage as a result of changes in the energy demands to support survival. At 8 °C, the plasma calcium, magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations decreased, whereas the glucose (1.91×) and albumin (1.26×) concentrations increased. The main energy substrate of the fish changed from lipids to glucose due to a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, as demonstrated by an increase in anaerobic metabolism. Moreover, malate dehydrogenase activity increased in all tissues, suggesting that fish acclimated at 8 °C exhibit enhanced gluconeogenesis. The aerobic demand increased only in the liver due to an increase (2.23×) in citrate synthase activity. Decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase to levels that are most likely sufficient at 8 °C were observed, establishing a new physiological activity range for antioxidant defense. Our findings indicate that N. rossii has some compensatory mechanisms that enabled its long-term survival at 8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Zaleski
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Forgati
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Baduy
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMar, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Danilo Santos Eugênio
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cintia Machado
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Adriano Piechnik
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Fávaro
- Fish Reproduction and Community Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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9
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Schaafsma FL, Cherel Y, Flores H, van Franeker JA, Lea MA, Raymond B, van de Putte AP. Review: the energetic value of zooplankton and nekton species of the Southern Ocean. MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 165:129. [PMID: 30100628 PMCID: PMC6061478 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-018-3386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the energy flux through food webs is important for estimating the capacity of marine ecosystems to support stocks of living resources. The energy density of species involved in trophic energy transfer has been measured in a large number of small studies, scattered over a 40-year publication record. Here, we reviewed energy density records of Southern Ocean zooplankton, nekton and several benthic taxa, including previously unpublished data. Comparing measured taxa, energy densities were highest in myctophid fishes (ranging from 17.1 to 39.3 kJ g-1 DW), intermediate in crustaceans (7.1 to 25.3 kJ g-1 DW), squid (16.2 to 24.0 kJ g-1 DW) and other fish families (14.8 to 29.9 kJ g-1 DW), and lowest in jelly fish (10.8 to 18.0 kJ g-1 DW), polychaetes (9.2 to 14.2 kJ g-1 DW) and chaetognaths (5.0-11.7 kJ g-1 DW). Data reveals differences in energy density within and between species related to size, age and other life cycle parameters. Important taxa in Antarctic food webs, such as copepods, squid and small euphausiids, remain under-sampled. The variability in energy density of Electrona antarctica was likely regional rather than seasonal, although for many species with limited data it remains difficult to disentangle regional and seasonal variability. Models are provided to estimate energy density more quickly using a species' physical parameters. It will become increasingly important to close knowledge gaps to improve the ability of bioenergetic and food web models to predict changes in the capacity of Antarctic ecosystems to support marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokje L. Schaafsma
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG Den Helder, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS et de l’Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Hauke Flores
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Handeshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Ben Raymond
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7004 Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050 Australia
- Antarctic and Climate Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Anton P. van de Putte
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Anacleto P, Figueiredo C, Baptista M, Maulvault AL, Camacho C, Pousão-Ferreira P, Valente LMP, Marques A, Rosa R. Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:186-196. [PMID: 29501006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and chemical contamination are global environmental threats of growing concern for the scientific community and regulatory authorities. Yet, the impacts and interactions of both stressors (particularly ocean warming and emerging chemical contaminants) on physiological responses of marine organisms remain unclear and still require further understanding. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to assess, for the first time, the effects of warming (+ 5 °C) and accumulation of a polybrominated diphenyl ether congener (BDE-209, brominated flame retardant) through dietary exposure on energy budget of the juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus). Specifically, growth (G), routine metabolism (R), excretion (faecal, F and nitrogenous losses, U) and food consumption (C) were calculated to obtain the energy budget. The results demonstrated that the energy proportion spent for G dominated the mode of the energy allocation of juvenile white seabream (56.0-67.8%), especially under the combined effect of warming plus BDE-209 exposure. Under all treatments, the energy channelled for R varied around 26% and a much smaller percentage was channelled for excretion (F: 4.3-16.0% and U: 2.3-3.3%). An opposite trend to G was observed to F, where the highest percentage (16.0 ± 0.9%) was found under control temperature and BDE-209 exposure via diet. In general, the parameters were significantly affected by increased temperature and flame retardant exposure, where higher levels occurred for: i) wet weight, relative growth rate, protein and ash contents under warming conditions, ii) only for O:N ratio under BDE-209 exposure via diet, and iii) for feed efficiency, ammonia excretion rate, routine metabolic rate and assimilation efficiency under the combination of both stressors. On the other hand, decreased viscerosomatic index was observed under warming and lower fat content was observed under the combined effect of both stressors. Overall, under future warming and chemical contamination conditions, fish energy budget was greatly affected, which may dictate negative cascading impacts at population and community levels. Further research combining other climate change stressors (e.g. acidification and hypoxia) and emerging chemical contaminants are needed to better understand and forecast such biological effects in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Anacleto
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Miguel Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon (FCUL), Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
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11
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Strobel A, Mark FC, Segner H, Burkhardt-Holm P. Expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes and superoxide dismutase in the Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1487-1495. [PMID: 29315775 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway mediates many, if not all, responses of fish to dioxin-like compounds. The Southern Ocean is progressively exposed to increasing concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants. Antarctic fish are known to accumulate those pollutants, yet nothing is known about their capability to induce chemical biotransformation via the AhR pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether Antarctic eelpout, Pachycara brachycephalum, respond to anthropogenic pollutants by activation of the AhR and its target gene cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), and of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which served as a representative for oxidative stress. We exposed P. brachycephalum to 10 and 100 mg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)/kg body weight for 10 d and measured the expression of AhR, CYP1A, and SOD in liver tissue via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We identified two distinct AhR isoforms in the liver of P. brachycephalum. Antarctic eelpout responded to both BaP exposures by an up-regulation of AhR and SOD, and by a particularly strong induction of CYP1A expression, which remained high until day 10 of the exposure time. Our data suggest that P. brachycephalum possesses the potential to up-regulate xenobiotic biotransformation pathways, at least at the gene expression level. The time course of the AhR and CYP1A response points to an efficient but slow xenobiotics metabolism. Moreover, BaP exposure could include adverse effects such as oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1487-1495. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Strobel
- Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix C Mark
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Kielland ØN, Bech C, Einum S. Is there plasticity in developmental instability? The effect of daily thermal fluctuations in an ectotherm. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10567-10574. [PMID: 29299238 PMCID: PMC5743494 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified bet-hedging (DBH) by production of within-genotype phenotypic variance may evolve to maximize fitness in stochastic environments. Bet-hedging is generally associated with parental effects, but phenotypic variation may also develop throughout life via developmental instability (DI). This opens for the possibility of a within-generation mechanism creating DBH during the lifetime of individuals. If so, DI could in fact be a plastic trait itself; if a fluctuating environment indicates uncertainty about future conditions, sensing such fluctuations could trigger DI as a DBH response. However, this possibility has received little empirical attention. Here, we test whether fluctuating environments may elicit such a response in the clonally reproducing crustacean Daphnia magna. Specifically, we exposed genetically identical individuals to two environments of different thermal stability (stable vs. pronounced daily realistic temperature fluctuations) and tested for effects on DI in body mass and metabolic rate shortly before maturation. Furthermore, we also estimated the genetic variation in DI. Interestingly, fluctuating temperatures did not affect body mass, but metabolic rate decreased. We found no evidence for plasticity in DI in response to environmental fluctuations. The lack of plasticity was common to all genotypes, and for both traits studied. However, we found considerable evolvability for DI, which implies a general evolutionary potential for DBH under selection for increased phenotypic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Nordeide Kielland
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Claus Bech
- Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNUTrondheimNorway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNUTrondheimNorway
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Madeira D, Araújo JE, Vitorino R, Costa PM, Capelo JL, Vinagre C, Diniz MS. Molecular Plasticity under Ocean Warming: Proteomics and Fitness Data Provides Clues for a Better Understanding of the Thermal Tolerance in Fish. Front Physiol 2017; 8:825. [PMID: 29109689 PMCID: PMC5660107 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming is known to alter the performance and fitness of marine organisms albeit the proteome underpinnings of species thermal tolerance are still largely unknown. In this 1-month experiment we assessed the vulnerability of the gilt-head sea bream Sparus aurata, taken here as a biological model for some key fisheries species, to ocean warming (control 18°C, nursery ground temperature 24°C and heat wave 30°C). Survival was impaired after 28 days, mainly at 30°C although fishes' condition was unaltered. Muscle proteome modulation was assessed at 14 and 21 days, showing that protein expression profiles were similar between fish exposed to 18 and 24°C, differing from fish exposed to 30°C. Fish subjected to 24°C showed an enhanced glycolytic potential and decreased glycogenolysis mainly at 14 days of exposure. Fish subjected to 30°C also showed enhanced glycolytic potential and up-regulated proteins related to gene expression, cellular stress response (CSR), and homeostasis (mostly cytoskeletal dynamics, acid-base balance, chaperoning). However, inflammatory processes were elicited at 21 days along with a down-regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Thus, juvenile fish seem able to acclimate to 24°C but possibly not to 30°C, which is the predicted temperature for estuaries during heat waves by the year 2100. This may be related with increasing constraints on organism physiology associated with metabolic scope available for performance and fitness at higher temperatures. Consequently, recruitment of commercial sea breams may be in jeopardy, highlighting the need for improved management plans for fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Madeira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José E. Araújo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L. Capelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário S. Diniz
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Gandar A, Laffaille P, Marty-Gasset N, Viala D, Molette C, Jean S. Proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: Effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:61-77. [PMID: 28109940 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. Evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. For that, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different temperatures (22 and 32°C) for 15 days. They were then exposed for 96h to a cocktail of herbicides and fungicides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations of 8.4μgL-1 and 42μgL-1) at these two temperatures (22 and 32°C). The molecular response in liver was assessed by 2D-proteomics. Identified proteins were integrated using pathway enrichment analysis software to determine the biological functions involved in the individual or combined stress responses and to predict the potential deleterious outcomes. The pesticide mixtures elicited pathways involved in cellular stress response, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, methionine cycle, cellular functions, cell structure and death control, with concentration- and temperature-dependent profiles of response. We found that combined temperature increase and pesticide exposure affected the cellular stress response: the effects of oxidative stress were more marked and there was a deregulation of the cell cycle via apoptosis inhibition. Moreover a decrease in the formation of glucose by liver and in ketogenic activity was observed in this multi-stress condition. The decrease in both pathways could reflect a shift from a metabolic compensation strategy to a conservation state. Taken together, our results showed (1) that environmental cocktails of herbicides and fungicides induced important changes in pathways involved in metabolism, cell structure and cell cycle, with possible deleterious outcomes at higher biological scales and (2) that increasing temperature could affect the response of fish to pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gandar
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Didier Viala
- Plate-Forme 'Exploration du Métabolisme', Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France; UMR 1213 Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, NRA Theix, 63122, Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Caroline Molette
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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15
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Mueller CA, Doyle L, Eme J, Manzon RG, Somers CM, Boreham DR, Wilson JY. Lipid content and fatty acid profile during lake whitefish embryonic development at different incubation temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Temperature-dependent metabolism in Antarctic fish: Do habitat temperature conditions affect thermal tolerance ranges? Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Lefevre S, Findorf I, Bayley M, Huong DTT, Wang T. Increased temperature tolerance of the air-breathing Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus after high-temperature acclimation is not explained by improved cardiorespiratory performance. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:418-432. [PMID: 26563596 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that in the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, an air-breathing fish from south-east Asia that uses the buccopharyngeal cavity for oxygen uptake, the upper critical temperature (TU) is increased by acclimation to higher temperature, and that the increased TU is associated with improved cardiovascular and respiratory function. Monopterus albus were therefore acclimated to 27° C (current average) and 32° C (current maximum temperature as well as projected average within 100-200 years), and both the effect of acclimation and acute temperature increments on cardiovascular and respiratory functions were investigated. Two weeks of heat acclimation increased upper tolerated temperature (TU ) by 2° C from 36·9 ± 0·1° C to 38·9 ± 0·1° C (mean ± s.e.). Oxygen uptake (M˙O2) increased with acclimation temperature, accommodated by increases in both aerial and aquatic respiration. Overall, M˙O2 from air (M˙O2a ) was predominant, representing 85% in 27° C acclimated fish and 80% in 32° C acclimated fish. M˙O2 increased with acute increments in temperature and this increase was entirely accommodated by an increase in air-breathing frequency and M˙O2a . Monopterus albus failed to upregulate stroke volume; rather, cardiac output was maintained through increased heart rate with rising temperature. Overall, acclimation of M. albus to 32° C did not improve its cardiovascular and respiratory performance at higher temperatures, and cardiovascular adaptations, therefore, do not appear to contribute to the observed increase in TU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lefevre
- Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Nink Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - I Findorf
- Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Nink Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - M Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D T T Huong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Nink Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - T Wang
- Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Sandersfeld T, Davison W, Lamare MD, Knust R, Richter C. Elevated temperature causes metabolic trade-offs at the whole-organism level in the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:2373-81. [PMID: 26056241 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a response to ocean warming, shifts in fish species distribution and changes in production have been reported that have been partly attributed to temperature effects on the physiology of animals. The Southern Ocean hosts some of the most rapidly warming regions on earth and Antarctic organisms are reported to be especially temperature sensitive. While cellular and molecular organismic levels appear, at least partially, to compensate for elevated temperatures, the consequences of acclimation to elevated temperature for the whole organism are often less clear. Growth and reproduction are the driving factors for population structure and abundance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term acclimation to elevated temperature on energy budget parameters in the high-Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii. Our results show a complete temperature compensation for routine metabolic costs after 9 weeks of acclimation to 4°C. However, an up to 84% reduction in mass growth was measured at 2 and 4°C compared with the control group at 0°C, which is best explained by reduced food assimilation rates at warmer temperatures. With regard to a predicted temperature increase of up to 1.4°C in the Ross Sea by 2200, such a significant reduction in growth is likely to affect population structures in nature, for example by delaying sexual maturity and reducing production, with severe impacts on Antarctic fish communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sandersfeld
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven and University of Bremen, Germany
| | - William Davison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Miles D Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, 30 Castle Street, Dunedin 9022, New Zealand
| | - Rainer Knust
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Claudio Richter
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Bentho-Pelagic Processes, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven and University of Bremen, Germany
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19
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Cold acclimation allows regulation of chloride secretion in a eurythermic teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Synergistic effects of acute warming and low pH on cellular stress responses of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 185:185-205. [PMID: 25395253 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study assesses the resilience of the Mediterranean gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to acute warming and water acidification, using cellular indicators of systemic to molecular responses to various temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Tissue metabolic capacity derived from enzyme measurements, citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), as well as lactate dehydrogenase. Cellular stress and signaling responses were identified from expression patterns of Hsp70 and Hsp90, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNKs and ERKs, from protein ubiquitylation and finally from the levels of transcription factor Hif-1α as an indicator of systemic hypoxemia. Exposure to elevated CO2 levels at temperatures higher than 24 °C generally caused an increase in fish mortality above the rate caused by warming alone, indicating effects of the two factors and a failure of acclimation and thus the limits of phenotypic plasticity to be reached. As a potential reason, tissue-dependent induction and stabilization of Hif-1α indicate hypoxemic conditions. Their exacerbation by enhanced CO2 levels is linked to the persistent expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90, oxidative stress and activation of MAPK and ubiquitin pathways. Antioxidant defence is enhanced by expression of catalase and glutathione reductase, however, leaving superoxide dismutase suppressed by elevated CO2 levels. On longer timescales in specimens surviving warming and CO2 exposures, various metabolic adjustments initiate a preference to oxidize lipid via HOAD for energy supply. These processes indicate significant acclimation up to a limit and a time-limited capacity to survive extreme conditions passively by exploiting mechanisms of cellular resilience.
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21
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Rountrey AN, Coulson PG, Meeuwig JJ, Meekan M. Water temperature and fish growth: otoliths predict growth patterns of a marine fish in a changing climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2014; 20:2450-2458. [PMID: 24862838 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological modeling shows that even small, gradual changes in body size in a fish population can have large effects on natural mortality, biomass, and catch. However, efforts to model the impact of climate change on fish growth have been hampered by a lack of long-term (multidecadal) data needed to understand the effects of temperature on growth rates in natural environments. We used a combination of dendrochronology techniques and additive mixed-effects modeling to examine the sensitivity of growth in a long-lived (up to 70 years), endemic marine fish, the western blue groper (Achoerodus gouldii), to changes in water temperature. A multi-decadal biochronology (1952-2003) of growth was constructed from the otoliths of 56 fish collected off the southwestern coast of Western Australia, and we tested for correlations between the mean index chronology and a range of potential environmental drivers. The chronology was significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the region, but common variance among individuals was low. This suggests that this species has been relatively insensitive to past variations in climate. Growth increment and age data were also used in an additive mixed model to predict otolith growth and body size later this century. Although growth was relatively insensitive to changes in temperature, the model results suggested that a fish aged 20 in 2099 would have an otolith about 10% larger and a body size about 5% larger than a fish aged 20 in 1977. Our study shows that species or populations regarded as relatively insensitive to climate change could still undergo significant changes in growth rate and body size that are likely to have important effects on the productivity and yield of fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Rountrey
- Centre for Marine Futures, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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22
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Windisch HS, Frickenhaus S, John U, Knust R, Pörtner HO, Lucassen M. Stress response or beneficial temperature acclimation: transcriptomic signatures in Antarctic fish (Pachycara brachycephalum). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3469-82. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Windisch
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
| | - S. Frickenhaus
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
- Hochschule Bremerhaven; Biotechnology; An der Karlstadt 8 27568 Bremerhaven Germany
| | - U. John
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
| | - R. Knust
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
| | - H.-O. Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
| | - M. Lucassen
- Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research; Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany
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Strobel A, Leo E, Pörtner HO, Mark FC. Elevated temperature and PCO2 shift metabolic pathways in differentially oxidative tissues of Notothenia rossii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 166:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Windisch HS, Lucassen M, Frickenhaus S. Evolutionary force in confamiliar marine vertebrates of different temperature realms: adaptive trends in zoarcid fish transcriptomes. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:549. [PMID: 23051706 PMCID: PMC3557217 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of temperature-induced adaptation on the basis of genomic sequence data were mainly done in extremophiles. Although the general hypothesis of an increased molecular flexibility in the cold is widely accepted, the results of thermal adaptation are still difficult to detect at proteomic down to the genomic sequence level. Approaches towards a more detailed picture emerge with the advent of new sequencing technologies. Only small changes in primary protein structure have been shown to modify kinetic and thermal properties of enzymes, but likewise for interspecies comparisons a high genetic identity is still essential to specify common principles. The present study uses comprehensive transcriptomic sequence information to uncover general patterns of thermal adaptation on the RNA as well as protein primary structure. RESULTS By comparing orthologous sequences of two closely related zoarcid fish inhabiting different latitudinal zones (Antarctica: Pachycara brachycephalum, temperate zone: Zoarces viviparus) we were able to detect significant differences in the codon usage. In the cold-adapted species a lower GC content in the wobble position prevailed for preserved amino acids. We were able to estimate 40-60% coverage of the functions represented within the two compared zoarcid cDNA-libraries on the basis of a reference genome of the phylogenetically closely related fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. A distinct pattern of amino acid substitutions could be identified for the non-synonymous codon exchanges, with a remarkable surplus of serine and reduction of glutamic acid and asparagine for the Antarctic species. CONCLUSION Based on the differences between orthologous sequences from confamiliar species, distinguished mainly by the temperature regimes of their habitats, we hypothesize that temperature leaves a signature on the composition of biological macromolecules (RNA, proteins) with implications for the transcription and translation level. As the observed pattern of amino acid substitutions only partly support the flexibility hypothesis further evolutionary forces may be effective at the global transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Sigrid Windisch
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Stephan Frickenhaus
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Buhariwalla H, Osmond E, Barnes K, Cozzi R, Robertson G, Marshall W. Control of ion transport by mitochondrion-rich chloride cells of eurythermic teleost fish: Cold shock vs. cold acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mark FC, Lucassen M, Strobel A, Barrera-Oro E, Koschnick N, Zane L, Patarnello T, Pörtner HO, Papetti C. Mitochondrial function in Antarctic nototheniids with ND6 translocation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31860. [PMID: 22363756 PMCID: PMC3283701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish of the suborder Notothenioidei have successfully radiated into the Southern Ocean and today comprise the dominant fish sub-order in Antarctic waters in terms of biomass and species abundance. During evolution in the cold and stable Antarctic climate, the Antarctic lineage of notothenioids developed several unique physiological adaptations, which make them extremely vulnerable to the rapid warming of Antarctic waters currently observed. Only recently, a further phenomenon exclusive to notothenioid fish was reported: the translocation of the mitochondrial gene encoding the NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6), an indispensable part of complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport system.This study investigated the potential physiological consequences of ND6 translocation for the function and thermal sensitivity of the electron transport system in isolated liver mitochondria of the two nototheniid species Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii, with special attention to the contributions of complex I (NADH DH) and complex II (Succinate DH) to oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, enzymatic activities of NADH:Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase and Cytochrome C Oxidase were measured in membrane-enriched tissue extracts.During acute thermal challenge (0-15°C), capacities of mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic function in the liver could only be increased until 9°C. Mitochondrial complex I (NADH Dehydrogenase) was fully functional but displayed a higher thermal sensitivity than the other complexes of the electron transport system, which may specifically result from its unique amino acid composition, revealing a lower degree of stability in notothenioids in general. We interpret the translocation of ND6 as functionally neutral but the change in amino acid sequence as adaptive and supportive of cold stenothermy in Antarctic nototheniids. From these findings, an enhanced sensitivity to ocean warming can be deduced for Antarctic notothenioid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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27
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Morley SA, Hirse T, Thorne MAS, Pörtner HO, Peck LS. Physiological plasticity, long term resistance or acclimation to temperature, in the Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:16-21. [PMID: 22314019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To further investigate the previously reported limited acclimation capacities of Antarctic marine stenotherms, the Antarctic mud clam, Laternula elliptica (King and Broderip, 1830-1831), was incubated at 3.0°C for 89days. The thermal windows of a suite of biochemical and physiological metrics that characterise tissue aerobic status, were then measured in response to acute temperature elevation (2-2.5°C increase per week). To test if acclimation had occurred at the higher temperature, results were compared with published data, from the preceding year, for L. elliptica which had been incubated at ambient temperature (0.0°C) and then subjected to the same acute temperature treatments. Incubation to 3.0°C led to a temperature induced increase of tissue aerobic status (reduced intracellular cCO(2) with increased O(2) consumption, PLA (phospho-L-arginine) and ATP). At the highest acute temperature (7.5°C) the increase in anaerobic pathways (summed acetate/succinate and propionate) was less after 3.0°C than 0.0°C incubation. No other metric shifted its reaction norm in response to acute temperature elevation and so whole animal acclimation had not occurred, even after 3months at 3.0°C. Combined with the constant mortality throughout the 3.0°C incubation period, these data suggest that the recorded physiological changes were either the early stages of acclimation or, more likely, time limited resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Cambridge, UK.
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Hedman JE, Rüdel H, Gercken J, Bergek S, Strand J, Quack M, Appelberg M, Förlin L, Tuvikene A, Bignert A. Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) in marine environmental monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2015-29. [PMID: 21802099 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive necessitates the development of common criteria and methodological standards for marine environmental monitoring and assessment across Europe. Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) is proposed as a key indicator organism in the Baltic and North Sea regions. This benthic fish species is widely used in ecotoxicological studies and as a bioindicator of local pollution due to its stationary behavior. Eelpout is included in the environmental monitoring program of several Baltic States, covering both chemical and biological effects measurements, and samples have been archived in environmental specimen banks for >15 years. A method for evaluating the frequency of larval aberrations has been suggested as a standardized assessment tool. The large scientific knowledge-base and considerable experience of long-term chemical and biological effects monitoring and specimen banking, make eelpout a suitable species for the assessment of Good Environmental Status in the Baltic and North Seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Hedman
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Contaminant Research, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Windisch HS, Kathöver R, Pörtner HO, Frickenhaus S, Lucassen M. Thermal acclimation in Antarctic fish: transcriptomic profiling of metabolic pathways. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1453-66. [PMID: 21865546 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00158.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that adaptation to the extreme cold has evolved at the expense of high thermal sensitivity. However, recent studies have demonstrated significant capacities for warm acclimation in Antarctic fishes. Here, we report on hepatic metabolic reorganization and its putative molecular background in the Antarctic eelpout (Pachycara brachycephalum) during warm acclimation to 5°C over 6 wk. Elevated capacities of cytochrome c oxidase suggest the use of warm acclimation pathways different from those in temperate fish. The capacity of this enzyme rose by 90%, while citrate synthase (CS) activity fell by 20% from the very beginning. The capacity of lipid oxidation by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase remained constant, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as a marker for gluconeogenesis displayed 40% higher activities. These capacities in relation to CS indicate a metabolic shift from lipid to carbohydrate metabolism. The finding was supported by large rearrangements of the related transcriptome, both functional genes and potential transcription factors. A multivariate analysis (canonical correspondence analyses) of various transcripts subdivided the incubated animals in three groups, one control group and two responding on short and long timescales, respectively. A strong dichotomy in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-1α and -β receptors was most striking and has not previously been reported. Altogether, we identified a molecular network, which responds sensitively to warming beyond the realized ecological niche. The shift from lipid to carbohydrate stores and usage may support warm hardiness, as the latter sustain anaerobic metabolism and may prepare for hypoxemic conditions that would develop upon warming beyond the present acclimation temperature.
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Pörtner HO, Schulte PM, Wood CM, Schiemer F. Niche dimensions in fishes: an integrative view. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:808-26. [PMID: 20704490 DOI: 10.1086/655977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Current shifts in ecosystem composition and function emphasize the need for an understanding of the links between environmental factors and organism fitness and tolerance. The examples discussed here illustrate how recent progress in the field of comparative physiology may provide a better mechanistic understanding of the ecological concepts of the fundamental and realized niches and thus provide insights into the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance. Here we argue that, as a link between physiological and ecological indicators of organismal performance, the mechanisms shaping aerobic scope and passive tolerance set the dimensions of an animal's niche, here defined as its capacity to survive, grow, behave, and interact with other species. We demonstrate how comparative studies of cod or killifish populations in a latitudinal cline have unraveled mitochondrial mechanisms involved in establishing a species' niche, performance, and energy budget. Riverine fish exemplify how the performance windows of various developmental stages follow the dynamic regimes of both seasonal temperatures and river hydrodynamics, as synergistic challenges. Finally, studies of species in extreme environments, such as the tilapia of Lake Magadi, illustrate how on evolutionary timescales functional and morphological shifts can occur, associated with new specializations. We conclude that research on the processes and time course of adaptations suitable to overcome current niche limits is urgently needed to assess the resilience of species and ecosystems to human impact, including the challenges of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven D-27515, Germany.
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Pörtner HO, Peck MA. Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries: towards a cause-and-effect understanding. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1745-79. [PMID: 21078088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is predicted to affect individual organisms during all life stages, thereby affecting populations of a species, communities and the functioning of ecosystems. These effects of climate change can be direct, through changing water temperatures and associated phenologies, the lengths and frequency of hypoxia events, through ongoing ocean acidification trends or through shifts in hydrodynamics and in sea level. In some cases, climate interactions with a species will also, or mostly, be indirect and mediated through direct effects on key prey species which change the composition and dynamic coupling of food webs. Thus, the implications of climate change for marine fish populations can be seen to result from phenomena at four interlinked levels of biological organization: (1) organismal-level physiological changes will occur in response to changing environmental variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen and ocean carbon dioxide levels. An integrated view of relevant effects, adaptation processes and tolerance limits is provided by the concept of oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLT). (2) Individual-level behavioural changes may occur such as the avoidance of unfavourable conditions and, if possible, movement into suitable areas. (3) Population-level changes may be observed via changes in the balance between rates of mortality, growth and reproduction. This includes changes in the retention or dispersion of early life stages by ocean currents, which lead to the establishment of new populations in new areas or abandonment of traditional habitats. (4) Ecosystem-level changes in productivity and food web interactions will result from differing physiological responses by organisms at different levels of the food web. The shifts in biogeography and warming-induced biodiversity will affect species productivity and may, thus, explain changes in fisheries economies. This paper tries to establish links between various levels of biological organization by means of addressing the effective physiological principles at the cellular, tissue and whole organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Maciak S, Konarzewski M. Repeatability of standard metabolic rate (SMR) in a small fish, the spined loach (Cobitis taenia). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pörtner HO. Oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance: a matrix for integrating climate-related stressor effects in marine ecosystems. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:881-93. [PMID: 20190113 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The concept of oxygen- and capacity-dependent thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms has successfully explained climate-induced effects of rising temperatures on species abundance in the field. Oxygen supply to tissues and the resulting aerobic performance characters thus form a primary link between organismal fitness and its role and functioning at the ecosystem level. The thermal window of performance in water breathers matches their window of aerobic scope. Loss of performance reflects the earliest level of thermal stress, caused by hypoxaemia and the progressive mismatch of oxygen supply and demand at the borders of the thermal envelope. Oxygen deficiency elicits the transition to passive tolerance and associated systemic and cellular stress signals like hormonal responses or oxidative stress as well as the use of protection mechanisms like heat shock proteins at thermal extremes. Thermal acclimatization between seasons or adaptation to a climate regime involves shifting thermal windows and adjusting window widths. The need to specialize on a limited temperature range results from temperature-dependent trade-offs at several hierarchical levels, from molecular structure to whole-organism functioning, and may also support maximized energy efficiency. Various environmental factors like CO2 (ocean acidification) and hypoxia interact with these principal relationships. Existing knowledge suggests that these factors elicit metabolic depression supporting passive tolerance to thermal extremes. However, they also exacerbate hypoxaemia, causing a narrowing of thermal performance windows and prematurely leading the organism to the limits of its thermal acclimation capacity. The conceptual analysis suggests that the relationships between energy turnover, the capacities of activity and other functions and the width of thermal windows may lead to an integrative understanding of specialization on climate and, as a thermal matrix, of sensitivity to climate change and the factors involved. Such functional relationships might also relate to climate-induced changes in species interactions and, thus, community responses at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-O. Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Peck LS, Clark MS, Morley SA, Massey A, Rossetti H. Animal temperature limits and ecological relevance: effects of size, activity and rates of change. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pörtner HO, Lannig G. Chapter 4 Oxygen and Capacity Limited Thermal Tolerance. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Brodte E, Graeve M, Jacob U, Knust R, Pörtner HO. Temperature-dependent lipid levels and components in polar and temperate eelpout (Zoarcidae). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 34:261-274. [PMID: 18665464 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-007-9185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Total lipid content, lipid classes and fatty acid composition were analysed in tissues from two eelpout species fed on the same diet, the Antarctic Pachycara brachycephalum and the temperate Zoarces viviparus, with the aim of determining the role of lipids in fishes from different thermal habitats. The lipid content increased with decreasing temperature in the liver of both species, suggesting enhanced lipid storage under cold conditions. In P. brachycephalum, lipid composition in the liver and muscle was strongly dominated by triacylglycerols between 0 and 6 degrees C. In contrast, in the temperate species, lipid class composition changed with changes in the temperature. When acclimatized to 4 and 6 degrees C Z. viviparus not only displayed a shift to lipid anabolism and pronounced lipid storage, as indicated by high triacylglycerol levels, but also a shift to patterns of cold adaptation, as reflected by an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid extract. Unsaturated fatty acids were also abundant in the Antarctic eelpout, but when compared to Z. viviparus at the same temperatures, the latter had significantly higher ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid levels, whereas the Antarctic eelpout showed significantly higher ratios of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid levels. High delta-15N values of the Antarctic eelpout reflect the high trophic level of this scavenger in the Weddell Sea food web. Stable carbon values suggest that lipid-enriched prey forms a major part of its diet. The strategy to accumulate storage lipids in the cold is interpreted to be adaptive behaviour at colder temperatures and during periods of irregular, pulsed food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brodte
- Physiology of Marine Animals, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Postfach 12 01 61, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany.
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Heise K, Estevez MS, Puntarulo S, Galleano M, Nikinmaa M, Pörtner HO, Abele D. Effects of seasonal and latitudinal cold on oxidative stress parameters and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in zoarcid fish. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 177:765-77. [PMID: 17579869 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute, short term cooling of North Sea eelpout Zoarces viviparus is associated with a reduction of tissue redox state and activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) in the liver. The present study explores the response of HIF-1 to seasonal cold in Zoarces viviparus, and to latitudinal cold by comparing the eurythermal North Sea fish to stenothermal Antarctic eelpout (Pachycara brachycephalum). Hypoxic signalling (HIF-1 DNA binding activity) was studied in liver of summer and winter North Sea eelpout as well as of Antarctic eelpout at habitat temperature of 0 degrees C and after long-term warming to 5 degrees C. Biochemical parameters like tissue iron content, glutathione redox ratio, and oxidative stress indicators were analyzed to see whether the cellular redox state or reactive oxygen species formation and HIF activation in the fish correlate. HIF-1 DNA binding activity was significantly higher at cold temperature, both in the interspecific comparison, polar vs. temperate species, and when comparing winter and summer North Sea eelpout. Compared at the low acclimation temperatures (0 degrees C for the polar and 6 degrees C for the temperate eelpout) the polar fish showed lower levels of lipid peroxidation although the liver microsomal fraction turned out to be more susceptible to lipid radical formation. The level of radical scavenger, glutathione, was twofold higher in polar than in North Sea eelpout and also oxidised to over 50%. Under both conditions of cold exposure, latitudinal cold in the Antarctic and seasonal cold in the North Sea eelpout, the glutathione redox ratio was more oxidised when compared to the warmer condition. However, oxidative damage parameters (protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were elevated only during seasonal cold exposure in Z. viviparus. Obviously, Antarctic eelpout are keeping oxidative defence mechanisms high enough to avoid accumulation of oxidative damage products at low habitat temperature. The paper discusses how HIF could be instrumental in cold adaptation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heise
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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