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Moya F, Hernández J, Suazo MJ, Saucède T, Brickle P, Poulin E, Benítez HA. Deciphering the Hearts: Geometric Morphometrics Reveals Shape Variation in Abatus Sea Urchins across Subantarctic and Antarctic Seas. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2376. [PMID: 39199909 PMCID: PMC11350873 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Abatus is a genus of irregular brooding sea urchins to the Southern Ocean. Among the 11 described species, three shared morphological traits and present an infaunal lifestyle in the infralittoral from the Subantarctic province; A. cavernosus in Patagonia, A. cordatus in Kerguelen, and A. agassizii in Tierra del Fuego and South Shetlands. The systematic of Abatus, based on morphological characters and incomplete phylogenies, is complex and largely unresolved. This study evaluates the shape variation among these species using geometric morphometrics analysis (GM). For this, 72 individuals from four locations; South Shetlands, Kerguelen, Patagonia, and Falklands/Malvinas were photographed, and 37 landmarks were digitized. To evaluate the shape differences among species, a principal component analysis and a Procrustes ANOVA were performed. Our results showed a marked difference between the Falklands/Malvinas and the other localities, characterized by a narrower and more elongated shape and a significant influence of location in shape but not sex. Additionally, the effect of allometry was evaluated using a permutation test and a regression between shape and size, showing significant shape changes during growth in all groups. The possibility that the Falklands/Malvinas group shows phenotypic plasticity or represents a distinct evolutionary unit is discussed. Finally, GM proved to be a powerful tool to differentiate these species, highlighting its utility in systematic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Moya
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Jordan Hernández
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Salud Ecosistémica, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Centro Universitario Cabo de Hornos, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
| | - Manuel J. Suazo
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica 1010069, Chile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogeosciences UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, EPHE, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Falkland Islands, Port Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, UK
| | - Elie Poulin
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Hugo A. Benítez
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7800003, Chile (E.P.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Centro Universitario Cabo de Hornos, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams 6350000, Chile
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Ziegler A, Gilligan AM, Dillon JG, Pernet B. Schizasterid Heart Urchins Host Microorganisms in a Digestive Symbiosis of Mesozoic Origin. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1697. [PMID: 32793161 PMCID: PMC7387435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their lifestyles, abundance, and feeding habits, infaunal marine deposit feeders have a significant impact on the ocean floor. As these animals also ingest microorganisms associated with their sediment and seawater diet, their digestive tract usually contains a diverse array of bacteria. However, while most of these microorganisms are transients, some may become part of a resident gut microbiome, in particular when sheltered from the main flow of digesta in specialized gut compartments. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the structure and contents of the intestinal caecum (IC), a hindgut diverticulum found exclusively in schizasterid heart urchins (Echinoidea: Spatangoida: Schizasteridae). Based on specimens of Brisaster townsendi, in addition to various other schizasterid taxa, our structural characterization of the IC shows that the organ is a highly specialized gut compartment with unique structural properties. Next generation sequencing shows that the IC contains a microbial population composed predominantly of Bacteroidales, Desulfobacterales, and Spirochaetales. The microbiome of this gut compartment is significantly different in composition and lower in diversity than the microbial population in the sediment-filled main digestive tract. Inferences on the function and evolution of the IC and its microbiome suggest that this symbiosis plays a distinct role in host nutrition and that it evolved at least 66 million years ago during the final phase of the Mesozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ziegler
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ariel M. Gilligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Jesse G. Dillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Bruno Pernet
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
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Chenuil A, Saucède T, Hemery LG, Eléaume M, Féral JP, Améziane N, David B, Lecointre G, Havermans C. Understanding processes at the origin of species flocks with a focus on the marine Antarctic fauna. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:481-504. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chenuil
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE-UMR7263); Aix-Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions; F-13007 Marseille France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- UMR6282 Biogéosciences; CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel; F-21000 Dijon France
| | - Lenaïg G. Hemery
- DMPA, UMR 7208 BOREA/MNHN/CNRS/Paris VI/ Univ Caen, 57 rue Cuvier; 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Marc Eléaume
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Pierre Féral
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE-UMR7263); Aix-Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions; F-13007 Marseille France
| | - Nadia Améziane
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Bruno David
- UMR6282 Biogéosciences; CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel; F-21000 Dijon France
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Lecointre
- UMR7205 Institut de Systématique; Evolution et Biodiversité, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, CP 24, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier; 75005 Paris France
| | - Charlotte Havermans
- Marine Zoology, Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE); University of Bremen, PO Box 330440; 28334 Bremen Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12; D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany
- OD Natural Environment; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29; B-1000 Brussels Belgium
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