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Donnelly SC, Varela-Mattatall GE, Hassan S, Sun Q, Gelman N, Thiessen JD, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Burton JP, Goldhawk DE. Bacterial association with metals enables in vivo monitoring of urogenital microbiota using magnetic resonance imaging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1079. [PMID: 39227641 PMCID: PMC11371927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria constitute a significant part of the biomass of the human microbiota, but their interactions are complex and difficult to replicate outside the host. Exploiting the superior resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine signal parameters of selected human isolates may allow tracking of their dispersion throughout the body. Here we investigate longitudinal and transverse MRI relaxation rates and found significant differences between several bacterial strains. Common commensal strains of lactobacilli display notably high MRI relaxation rates, partially explained by elevated cellular manganese content, while other species contain more iron than manganese. Lactobacillus crispatus show particularly high values, 4-fold greater than any other species; up to 60-fold greater signal than relevant tissue background; and a linear relationship between relaxation rate and fraction of live cells. Different bacterial strains have detectable, repeatable MRI relaxation rates that in the future may enable monitoring of their persistence in the human body for enhanced molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Donnelly
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Gabriel E Varela-Mattatall
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Qin Sun
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Neil Gelman
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - R Terry Thompson
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Physics & Astronomy, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Frank S Prato
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
- Division of Urology and Surgery, Western University, London, Canada
- Centre for Human Microbiome Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Donna E Goldhawk
- Imaging, Lawson Research Institute, London, Canada.
- Collaborative Graduate Program in Molecular Imaging, Western University, London, Canada.
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada.
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Beleù A, Canonico D, Morana G. T1 and T2-mapping in pancreatic MRI: Current evidence and future perspectives. Eur J Radiol Open 2024; 12:100572. [PMID: 38872711 PMCID: PMC11170358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2024.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pancreas can vary significantly due to factors such as scanner differences and pulse sequence variations. This review explores T1 and T2 mapping techniques, modern MRI methods providing quantitative information about tissue relaxation times. Various T1 and T2 mapping pulse sequences are currently under investigation. Clinical and research applications of T1 and T2 mapping in the pancreas include their correlation with fibrosis, inflammation, and neoplasms. In chronic pancreatitis, T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) quantification demonstrate potential as biomarkers, aiding in early diagnosis and classification. T1 mapping also shows promise in evaluating pancreatic exocrine function and detecting glucose metabolism disorders. T2* mapping is valuable in quantifying pancreatic iron, offering insights into conditions like thalassemia major. However, challenges persist, such as the lack of consensus on optimal sequences and normal values for healthy pancreas relaxometry. Large-scale studies are needed for validation, and improvements in mapping sequences are essential for widespread clinical integration. The future holds potential for mixed qualitative and quantitative models, extending the applications of relaxometry techniques to various pancreatic lesions and enhancing routine MRI protocols for pancreatic pathology diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Beleù
- Department of Radiology, Treviso General Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviso, TV 31100, Italy
| | - Davide Canonico
- Department of Health Physics, Treviso General Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviso, TV 31100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Department of Radiology, Treviso General Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale 1, Treviso, TV 31100, Italy
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Sussman MS, Jhaveri KS. A short-TR single-echo spin-echo breath-hold method for assessing liver T2. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:101-113. [PMID: 38071698 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional single-echo spin-echo T2 mapping used for liver iron quantification is too long for breath-holding. This study investigated a short TR (~100 ms) single-echo spin-echo T2 mapping technique wherein each image (corresponding to a single TE) could be acquired in ~17 s-short enough for a breath-hold. TE images were combined for T2 fitting. To avoid T1 bias, each TE acquisition incremented TR to maintain a constant TR-TE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments at 1.5T validated the technique's accuracy in phantoms, 9 healthy volunteers, and 5 iron overload patients. In phantoms and healthy volunteers, the technique was compared to the conventional approach of constant TR for all TEs. Iron overload results were compared to FerriScan. RESULTS In phantoms, the constant TR-TE technique provided unbiased estimates of T2, while the conventional constant TR approach underestimated it. In healthy volunteers, there was no significant discrepancy at the 95% confidence level between constant TR-TE and reference T2 values, whereas there was for constant TR scans. In iron overload patients, there was a high correlation between constant TR-TE and FerriScan T2 values (r2 = 0.95), with a discrepancy of 0.6+/- 1.4 ms. DISCUSSION The short-TR single-echo breath-hold spin-echo technique provided unbiased estimates of T2 in phantoms and livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Sussman
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 585 University Avenue, Room NUW-1-141D, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
| | - Kartik S Jhaveri
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 585 University Avenue, Room NUW-1-141D, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
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Zhang K, Triphan SMF, Wielpütz MO, Ziener CH, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Kauczor HU, Kurz FT, Sedlaczek O. Simultaneous T 1, T 2 and T 2⁎ mapping of the liver with multi-shot MI-SAGE. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 105:75-81. [PMID: 37939972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To apply multi-shot high-resolution multi inversion spin and gradient echo (MI-SAGE) acquisition for simultaneous liver T1, T2 and T2* mapping. METHODS Inversion prepared spin- and gradient-echo EPI was developed with ascending slice order across measurements for efficient acquisition with T1, T2, and T2⁎ weighting. Multi-shot EPI was also implemented to minimize distortion and blurring while enabling high in-plane resolution. A dictionary-matching approach was used to fit the images to quantitative parameter maps, which were compared to T1 measured by modified Look-Locker (MOLLI), T1 measured by variable flip angle (VFA), T2 measured by multiple echo time-based Half Fourier Single-shot Turbo spin-Echo (HASTE), T2 measured by radial turbo-spin-echo (rTSE) and T2⁎ measured by multiple gradient echo (MGRE) sequences. RESULTS The multi-shot variant of the sequence achieved higher in-plane resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 mm2 with good image quality in 28 s. Derived quantitative maps showed comparable values to conventional mapping methods. As measured in phantom and in vivo, MOLLI, MESE and MGRE give closest values to MISAGE. VFA, HASTE and rTSE show obvious overestimation. CONCLUSIONS The proposed multi-shot inversion prepared spin- and gradient-echo EPI sequence allows for high-resolution quantitative T1, T2 and T2 liver tissue characterization in a single breath-hold scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon M F Triphan
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark O Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian H Ziener
- Divison of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Divison of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Divison of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sedlaczek
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Divison of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Free-breathing and instantaneous abdominal T 2 mapping via single-shot multiple overlapping-echo acquisition and deep learning reconstruction. Eur Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00330-023-09417-2. [PMID: 36692597 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a real-time abdominal T2 mapping method without requiring breath-holding or respiratory-gating. METHODS The single-shot multiple overlapping-echo detachment (MOLED) pulse sequence was employed to achieve free-breathing T2 mapping of the abdomen. Deep learning was used to untangle the non-linear relationship between the MOLED signal and T2 mapping. A synthetic data generation flow based on Bloch simulation, modality synthesis, and randomization was proposed to overcome the inadequacy of real-world training set. RESULTS The results from simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrated that our method could deliver high-quality T2 mapping. The average NMSE and R2 values of linear regression in the digital phantom experiments were 0.0178 and 0.9751. Pearson's correlation coefficient between our predicted T2 and reference T2 in the phantom experiments was 0.9996. In the measurements for the patients, real-time capture of the T2 value changes of various abdominal organs before and after contrast agent injection was realized. A total of 33 focal liver lesions were detected in the group, and the mean and standard deviation of T2 values were 141.1 ± 50.0 ms for benign and 63.3 ± 16.0 ms for malignant lesions. The coefficients of variance in a test-retest experiment were 2.9%, 1.2%, 0.9%, 3.1%, and 1.8% for the liver, kidney, gallbladder, spleen, and skeletal muscle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Free-breathing abdominal T2 mapping is achieved in about 100 ms on a clinical MRI scanner. The work paved the way for the development of real-time dynamic T2 mapping in the abdomen. KEY POINTS • MOLED achieves free-breathing abdominal T2 mapping in about 100 ms, enabling real-time capture of T2 value changes due to CA injection in abdominal organs. • Synthetic data generation flow mitigates the issue of lack of sizable abdominal training datasets.
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Zhu HB, Nie P, Jiang L, Hu J, Zhang XY, Li XT, Lu M, Sun YS. Preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from clinical and MRI features: a multicenter study. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:162. [PMID: 36209332 PMCID: PMC9547759 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of surgery in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) has not well established, partly owing to the dilemma of precise prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) preoperatively. This study proposed to develop and validate the value of MRI features for predicting LNM in NF-PNETs. METHODS A total of 187 patients with NF-PNETs who underwent MR scan and subsequent lymphadenectomy from 4 hospitals were included and divided into training group (n = 66, 1 center) and validation group (n = 121, 3 centers). The clinical characteristics and qualitative MRI features were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model for predicting LNM in NF-PNETs was constructed using the training group and further tested using validation group. RESULTS Nodal metastases were reported in 41 patients (21.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that regular shape of primary tumor (odds ratio [OR], 4.722; p = .038) and the short axis of the largest lymph node in the regional area (OR, 1.488; p = .002) were independent predictors for LNM in the training group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the training group and validation group were 0.890 and 0.849, respectively. Disease-free survival was significantly different between model-defined LNM and non-LNM group. CONCLUSIONS The novel MRI-based model considering regular shape of primary tumor and short axis of largest lymph node in the regional area can accurately predict lymph node metastases preoperatively in NF-PNETs patients, which might facilitate the surgeons' decision on risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Pei Nie
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shi Nan District, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Ying-Shi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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