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Chetwynd SA, Andrews S, Inglesfield S, Delon C, Ktistakis NT, Welch HCE. Functions and mechanisms of the GPCR adaptor protein Norbin. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1545-1558. [PMID: 37503670 PMCID: PMC10586782 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Norbin (Neurochondrin, NCDN) is a highly conserved 79 kDa adaptor protein that was first identified more than a quarter of a century ago as a gene up-regulated in rat hippocampus upon induction of long-term potentiation. Most research has focussed on the role of Norbin in the nervous system, where the protein is highly expressed. Norbin regulates neuronal morphology and synaptic plasticity, and is essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of Norbin is linked to a variety of neurological conditions. Recently, Norbin was shown to be expressed in myeloid cells as well as neurons. Myeloid-cell specific deletion revealed an important role of Norbin as a suppressor of neutrophil-derived innate immunity. Norbin limits the ability of neutrophils to clear bacterial infections by curbing the responsiveness of these cells to inflammatory and infectious stimuli. Mechanistically, Norbin regulates cell responses through binding to its interactors, in particular to a wide range of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Norbin association with GPCRs controls GPCR trafficking and signalling. Other important Norbin interactors are the Rac guanine-nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex1 and protein kinase A. Downstream signalling pathways regulated by Norbin include ERK, Ca2+ and the small GTPase Rac. Here, we review the current understanding of Norbin structure, expression and its roles in health and disease. We also explore Norbin signalling through its interactors, with a particular focus on GPCR trafficking and signalling. Finally, we discuss avenues that could be pursued in the future to increase our understanding of Norbin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, U.K
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Pratavieira M, da Silva Menegasso AR, Roat T, Malaspina O, Palma MS. In Situ Metabolomics of the Honeybee Brain: The Metabolism of l-Arginine through the Polyamine Pathway in the Proboscis Extension Response (PER). J Proteome Res 2020; 19:832-844. [PMID: 31859515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proboscis extension response (PER) reflex may be used to condition the pairing of an odor with sucrose, which is applied to the antennae, in experiments to induce learning, where the odor represents a conditioned stimulus, while sucrose represents an unconditioned stimulus. A series of studies have been conducted on honeybees, relating learning and memory acquisition/retrieval using the PER as a strategy for accessing their ability to exhibit an unconditioned stimulus; however, the major metabolic processes involved in the PER are not well known. Thus, the aim of this investigation is profiling the metabolome of the honeybee brain involved in the PER. In this study, a semiquantitative approach of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectral imaging (MSI) was used to profile the most abundant metabolites of the honeybee brain that support the PER. It was reported that execution of the PER requires the metabolic transformations of arginine, ornithine, and lysine as substrates for the production of putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, 1,3-diaminopropane, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Considering the global metabolome of the brain of honeybee workers, the PER requires the consumption of large amounts of cadaverine and 1,3-diaminopropane, in parallel with the biosynthesis of high amounts of spermine, spermidine, and ornithine. To exhibit the PER, the brain of honeybee workers processes the conversion of l-arginine and l-lysine through the polyamine pathway, with different regional metabolomic profiles at the individual neuropil level. The outcomes of this study using this metabolic route as a reference are indicating that the antennal lobes and the calices (medial and lateral) were the most active brain regions for supporting the PER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pratavieira
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Thaisa Roat
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, Institute of Biosciences , University of São Paulo State (UNESP) , Rio Claro , SP CEP 13506-900 , Brazil
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Alleman A, Stoldt M, Feldmeyer B, Foitzik S. Tandem-running and scouting behaviour are characterized by up-regulation of learning and memory formation genes within the ant brain. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2342-2359. [PMID: 30903719 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tandem-running is a recruitment behaviour in ants that has been described as a form of teaching, where spatial information possessed by a leader is conveyed to following nestmates. Within Temnothorax ants, tandem-running is used within a variety of contexts, from foraging and nest relocation to-in the case of slavemaking species-slave raiding. Here, we elucidate the transcriptomic basis of scouting, tandem-leading and tandem-following behaviours across two species with divergent lifestyles: the slavemaking Temnothorax americanus and its primary, nonparasitic host T. longispinosus. Analysis of gene expression data from brains revealed that only a small number of unique differentially expressed genes are responsible for scouting and tandem-running. Comparison of orthologous genes between T. americanus and T. longispinosus suggests that tandem-running is characterized by species-specific patterns of gene usage. However, within both species, tandem-leaders showed gene expression patterns median to those of scouts and tandem-followers, which was expected, as leaders can be recruited from either of the other two behavioural states. Most importantly, a number of differentially expressed behavioural genes were found, with functions relating to learning and memory formation in other social and nonsocial insects. This includes a number of up-regulated receptor genes such as a glutamate and dopamine receptor, as well as serine/threonine-protein phosphatases and kinases. Learning and memory genes were specifically up-regulated within scouts and tandem-followers, not only reinforcing previous behavioural studies into how Temnothorax navigate novel environments and share information, but also providing insight into the molecular underpinnings of teaching and learning within social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Alleman
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marah Stoldt
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Kocher SD, Mallarino R, Rubin BER, Yu DW, Hoekstra HE, Pierce NE. The genetic basis of a social polymorphism in halictid bees. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4338. [PMID: 30337532 PMCID: PMC6194137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of eusociality represents a major evolutionary transition from solitary to group reproduction. The most commonly studied eusocial species, honey bees and ants, represent the behavioral extremes of social evolution but lack close relatives that are non-social. Unlike these species, the halictid bee Lasioglossum albipes produces both solitary and eusocial nests and this intraspecific variation has a genetic basis. Here, we identify genetic variants associated with this polymorphism, including one located in the intron of syntaxin 1a (syx1a), a gene that mediates synaptic vesicle release. We show that this variant can alter gene expression in a pattern consistent with differences between social and solitary bees. Surprisingly, syx1a and several other genes associated with sociality in L. albipes have also been implicated in autism spectrum disorder in humans. Thus, genes underlying behavioral variation in L. albipes may also shape social behaviors across a wide range of taxa, including humans. The halictid bee Lasioglossum albipes has both solitary and eusocial individuals, making it a model for social evolution. Here, Kocher et al. identify a genetic variation associated with this social polymorphism, including a variant that can regulate the expression of an autism-associated gene, syntaxin 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Kocher
- Department of Ecology and Evoutionary Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA. .,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 28 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Ricardo Mallarino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 28 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 01238, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin E R Rubin
- Department of Ecology and Evoutionary Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Douglas W Yu
- Kunming Institute for Zoology, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Hopi E Hoekstra
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 28 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 01238, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 28 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Liu H, Zhao XF, Fu L, Han YY, Chen J, Lu YY. BdorOBP2 plays an indispensable role in the perception of methyl eugenol by mature males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Sci Rep 2017; 7:15894. [PMID: 29162858 PMCID: PMC5698463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a fruit-eating pest that causes substantial economic damage to the fresh produce industry in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Methyl eugenol (ME) is a powerful attractant for mature males of B. dorsalis, and has been widely used for detecting, luring and eradicating B. dorsalis populations worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the olfactory perception of ME remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the differential proteomics profiling of the antennae between ME-responsive and ME-non-responsive males by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). In total, 4622 proteins were identified, of which 277 proteins were significant differentially expressed, with 192 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated in responsive male antennae. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the authenticity and accuracy of the proteomic analysis. Based on the iTRAQ and qRT-PCR results, we found that the odorant-binding protein 2 (BdorOBP2) was abundantly expressed in responsive male antennae. Moreover, BdorOBP2 was significantly up-regulated by ME in male antennae. Mature males showed significantly greater taxis toward ME than did mature females. Silencing BdorOBP2 reduced mature males' responsiveness to ME. These results indicate that BdorOBP2 may play an essential role in the molecular mechanism underlying B. dorsalis olfactory perception of ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lang Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ye Han
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Yue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Lu Q, Sa R, Zhang H. Proteome changes in the small intestinal mucosa of growing pigs with dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28077931 PMCID: PMC5223414 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-016-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (NSPEs) have long been used in monogastric animal feed production to degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) to oligosaccharides in order to promote growth performance and gastrointestinal (GI) tract health. However, the precise molecular mechanism of NSPEs in the improvement of the mammalian small intestine remains unknown. Methods In this study, isobaric tags were applied to investigate alterations of the small intestinal mucosa proteome of growing pigs after 50 days of supplementation with 0.6% NSPEs (mixture of xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulose) in the diet. Bioinformatics analysis including gene ontology annotation was performed to determine the differentially expressed proteins. A protein fold-change of ≥ 1.2 and a P-value of < 0.05 were selected as thresholds. Results Dietary supplementation of NSPEs improved the growth performance of growing pigs. Most importantly, a total of 90 proteins were found to be differentially abundant in the small intestinal mucosa between a control group and the NSPE group. Up-regulated proteins were related to nutrient metabolism (energy, lipids, protein and mineral), immunity, redox homeostasis, detoxification and the cell cytoskeleton. Down-regulated proteins were primarily related to transcriptional and translational regulation. Our results indicate that the effect of NSPEs on the increase of nutrient availability in the intestinal lumen facilitates the efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization, and the supplementation of NSPEs in growing pigs also modulates redox homeostasis and enhances immune response during simulating energy metabolism due to a higher uptake of nutrients in the small intestine. Conclusions These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of NSPEs on the small intestine of pigs, which provides new information for the better utilization of this feed additive in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-016-0109-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Renna Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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da Silva Menegasso AR, Pratavieira M, de Saldanha da Gama Fischer J, Carvalho PC, Roat TC, Malaspina O, Palma MS. Profiling the proteomics in honeybee worker brains submitted to the proboscis extension reflex. J Proteomics 2016; 151:131-144. [PMID: 27260495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The proboscis extension reflex (PER) is an unconditioned stimulus (US) widely used to access the ability of honeybees to correlate it with a conditioned stimulus (CS) during learning and memory acquisition. However, little is known about the biochemical/genetic changes in worker honeybee brains induced by the PER alone. The present investigation profiled the proteomic complement associated with the PER to further the understanding of the major molecular transformations in the honeybee brain during the execution of a US. In the present study, a quantitative shotgun proteomic approach was employed to assign the proteomic complement of the honeybee brain. The results were analyzed under the view of protein networking for different processes involved in PER behavior. In the brains of PER-stimulated individuals, the metabolism of cyclic/heterocyclic/aromatic compounds was activated in parallel with the metabolism of nitrogenated compounds, followed by the up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, the proteins involved with the anatomic and cytoskeleton; the down-regulation of the anatomic development and cell differentiation in other neurons also occurred. SIGNIFICANCE The assay of proboscis extension reflex is frequently used to access honeybees' ability to correlate an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus (such as an odor) to establish learning and memory acquisition. The reflex behavior of proboscis extension was associated with various conditioned stimuli, and the biochemical/genetic evaluation of the changes occurring in honeybee brains under these conditions reflect the synergistic effects of both insect manipulations (training to answer to an unconditioned stimulus and training to respond to a conditioned stimulus). Little or no information is available regarding the biochemical changes stimulated by an unconditioned stimulus alone, such as the proboscis extension reflex. The present investigation characterizes the proteomic changes occurring in the brains of honeybee workers submitted to proboscis extension reflex. A series of metabolic and cellular processes were identified to be related to the reflex of an unconditioned stimulus. This strategy may be reproduced to further understand the processes of learning and memory acquisition in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil
| | - Marcel Pratavieira
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Laboratory for Proteomics and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13500, Brazil.
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