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Bonasia S, Smajda S, Ciccio G, Bojanowski MW, Robert T. Proposed new classification for internal carotid artery segmental agenesis based on embryologic and angiographic correlation. Surg Radiol Anat 2023; 45:375-387. [PMID: 36786934 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis is a rare anatomical variant that can involve different segments of the ICA. Although many authors proposed their own classifications of this variant basing on different criteria, none of these allows to include all the cases described in the literature. The aim of the authors is to propose a new classification that allows to include all cases of ICA agenesis described until now. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is based on the review of all the cases of ICA agenesis described in the literature and of the classifications already proposed. After the analysis of these cases, we looked for the limits of each classification to elaborate a new more complete one. RESULTS We found 228 cases of ICA agenesis. Among them 40 were not includible in the existing classifications. For this reason, we proposed a new classification based on the type of flow compensation and on the embryological events that determine the different variants. The flow is compensated in Type I by the Circle of Willis; in Type II by the non-regression of an embryonic artery; in Type III by the presence of an arterio-arterial anastomosis and in Type IV by external-internal carotid arteries anastomoses. CONCLUSION After the literature review, we proposed a new comprehensive classification based on the detailed analysis of arterial embryology. Even if all the embryological details that determine this complex variant are not completely understood yet, this classification allows to include all the cases described in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislas Smajda
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Ciccio
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michel W Bojanowski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Robert
- University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Vasović L, Mrkaić A. Congenital unilateral absence of the internal carotid artery associated with aneurysms of different arteries: a review. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:393-412. [PMID: 35671990 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are four hundred and sixty- six cases of absent unilateral (398) and bilateral (68) internal carotid artery (ICA) published in online books, abstracts and original articles from 2020. to 2021. Of the 398 cases of absent unilateral ICA, 95 were associated with aneurysm. The analysis of these cases includes age, nationality and gender, location of aneurysm(s), description, and scheme of carotid-vertebrobasilar angioarchitecture mode in the brain base, as well as hypothesis on embryonic background of accompanying vascular variations and abnormalities. Calculated ratio between number of absent unilateral ICA cases and number of absent bilateral ICA cases is 5.8:1. The ratio between the total number of cases of absent unilateral ICA and those associated with aneurysms is 4.2:1. The association between the posterior communicating-middle cerebral anastomosis and intercavernous (trans-sellar or intercarotid) channel with absence of both anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries is common. More than half of the cases with aneurysms are located at the anterior segment vessels of the cerebral arterial circle. This review is based on the description and explanation of embryology and morphology of absent unilateral ICA with aneurysms, which would be significant contribution to published literature on this topic, especially due to the fact that nothing similar has been published since 1957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Vasović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 81 Blvd. Dr. Zoran Djindjić, Niš 18000, Serbia.
| | - Ana Mrkaić
- University of Las Vegas, 1701 W Charleston Blvd Ste 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102.
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Markovic I, Milenkovic Z, Jocic-Jakubi B, Futaisi AA, Kakaria KA, Walli Y. Stroke in sickle cell disease in association with bilateral absence of the internal carotid arteries. Case report. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35581570 PMCID: PMC9112539 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a highly infrequent congenital incidence and occurs in less than 0.01% of the population; bilateral absence is exceedingly rare, diagnosed below 10% of the unilateral absence of the ICA. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious disorder and carries a high risk of stroke. Case presentation We present a five-year-old child with SCD who experienced an ischemic stroke episode with epileptic seizures. Neuroimaging revealed the agenesis of both ICAs. The frequency, embryology, and collateral pathway of the vascular anomaly as the clinical presentation, of this rare hematologic disease, are discussed. Conclusions Sickle cell disease (SCD) carries a high risk of stroke. Congenital absence of ICA occurs in less than 0.01% of the population; bilateral absence is diagnosed below 10% of the unilateral absence of the ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Markovic
- IvanaMarkovic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Radiology Department, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zoran Milenkovic
- General Hospital "Sava Surgery", Kej 29 Decembar 2, Niš, 18000, Serbia.
| | | | - Amna Al Futaisi
- Hospital, Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kakaria Anupam Kakaria
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yasser Walli
- Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Giragani S, Kumar Rn K, Kasireddy AR, Alwala S. Bilateral Internal Carotid Artery Agenesis and Posterior Circulation Stroke: A Rare Association. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105342. [PMID: 33039767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral ICA agenesis is a rare developmental anomaly of the anterior circulation. It can be accompanied by various posterior circulation abnormalities including aneurysms, dolichoectatic vessels. We report the clinical presentation, imaging findings and management of a unique case of a 25 year old man having bilateral internal carotid agenesis with cerebellar ischemic lesions secondary to thrombus formation in dolichoectatic basilar artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Giragani
- Department of Neuroradiology & Interventional Radiology, Yashoda Hospitals, Alexander Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Komal Kumar Rn
- Department of Neurology, Yashoda Hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashok Reddy Kasireddy
- Department of Neuroradiology & Interventional Radiology, Yashoda Hospitals, Alexander Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Surender Alwala
- Department of Radiology, Yashoda Hospitals, Alexander Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
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Damiano S, Lauritano C, Longobardi C, Andretta E, Elagoz AM, Rapisarda P, Di Iorio M, Florio S, Ciarcia R. Effects of a Red Orange and Lemon Extract in Obese Diabetic Zucker Rats: Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051600. [PMID: 32466228 PMCID: PMC7290772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease, worldwide, and oxidative stress has been recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase has the most important contribution to reactive oxygen species generation during the development of DN. Bioactive compound use has emerged as a potential approach to reduce chronic renal failure. Therefore, a red orange and lemon extract (RLE) rich in anthocyanins was chosen in our study, to reduce the toxic renal effects during the development of DN in Zucker diabetic fatty rat (ZDF). RLE effects were examined daily for 24 weeks, through gavage, in ZDF rats treated with RLE (90 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, ZDF rats treated with RLE showed a reduction of the diabetes-associated up-regulation of both NOX4 and the p47-phox and p22-phox subunits, and restored the BAX/BCL-2 ratio respect to ZDF rats. Furthermore, RLE was able to reduce the oxidative DNA damage measured in urine samples in ZDF rats. This study showed that RLE could prevent the renal damage induced by DN through its capacity to inhibit NOX4 and apoptosis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536027-092
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Ali Murat Elagoz
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | | | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy; (E.A.); (S.F.); (R.C.)
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Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9896138. [PMID: 31976332 PMCID: PMC6959148 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9896138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders. To complete the knowledge of the morphofunctional consequences of the absence of some artery of the carotid system, and risking the possibility of repeating some words, as "carotid artery", or "carotid aplasia" and the headings from our previous article about bilateral ICA absence, this review is the first in the literature that recorded all cases of the CCA aplasia published and/or cited for the past 233 years. Main characteristic of the CCA absence is its association with 21 different diseases, among which the aneurysms were in 13.69% of cases, and 17.80% of cases were without pathology.
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Lee D, Kim JA, Choi WS. Agenesis of internal carotid artery and deformation of caudate and nucleus accumbens. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:2653-2655. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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