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Watanabe T, Nishio Y, Yamamoto Y, Shimizu T, Li XK, Okita H, Kuroda T. Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid: A new diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical aid for neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1281-1285. [PMID: 35396087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in cancer therapy because of the tumor-specific accumulation of photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We aimed to assess the susceptibility of human neuroblastoma cell lines to ALA-PDT and determine the mechanism of PDT. METHODS We used four human neuroblastoma cell lines (GOTO, NB9, IMR32, and NB1) and a gastric cancer cell line (MKN45) as a positive control. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ALA, and the ALA-induced production of PpIX in tumor cells was quantified using fluorescence spectrophotometry. PDT photocytotoxicity was measured by exposing the cells to a 630-nm irradiation for 10 min, and apoptotic cells stained with phosphatidylserine (PS) and propidium iodide (PI) were detected through flow cytometry. RESULTS ALA cytotoxicity was not observed in any cell line. The intracellular concentration of PpIX increased in an ALA dose-dependent manner, and intracellular fluorescence of PpIX increased in a time-dependent manner. The viability of NB-1 cells treated with 250 μM 5-ALA rapidly decreased to 5%. Photocytotoxicity was observed in the following order: NB1, IMR32, NB-9, and GOTO. Photocytotoxicity was positively correlated with intracellular PpIX concentrations. PS+/PI- cells increased up to 21% after 12 h, and PS+/PI+ cells accounted for 35% of all cells after 24 h, which suggests that ALA-PDT induced apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION This study shows that neuroblastoma cell lines were susceptible to 5-ALA-PDT, resulting in persistent apoptotic cell death. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE N/A for basic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Watanabe
- Division of Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishio
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Okita
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zou H, Wang F, Zhou JJ, Liu X, He Q, Wang C, Zheng YW, Wen Y, Xiong L. Application of photodynamic therapy for liver malignancies. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:431-442. [PMID: 32399283 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2020.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver malignancies include primary and metastatic tumors. Limited progress has been achieved in improving the survival rate of patients with advanced stage liver cancer and who are unsuitable for surgery. Apart from surgery, chemoradiotherapy, trans-arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation, a novel therapeutic modality is needed for the clinical treatment of liver cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel strategy for treating patients with advanced cancers; it uses a light-triggered cytotoxic photosensitizer and a laser light. PDT provides patients with a potential treatment approach with minimal invasion and low toxicity, that is, the whole course of treatment is painless, harmless, and repeatable. Therefore, PDT has been considered an effective palliative treatment for advanced liver cancers. To date, PDT has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma and liver metastases. Clinical outcomes reveal that PDT can be considered a promising treatment modality for all liver cancers to improve the quality and quantity of life of patients. Despite the advances achieved with this approach, several challenges still impede the application of PDT to liver malignancies. In this review, we focus on the recent advancements and discuss the future prospects of PDT in treating liver malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang 236000, China
| | - Jiang-Jiao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yan-Wen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Lee CI, Perng JH, Chen HY, Hong YR, Wang JJ. Undifferentiated Neuroblastoma Cells Are More Sensitive to Photogenerated Oxidative Stress Than Differentiated Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2074-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-I Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Jing-Huei Perng
- Department of Chemistry; National Kaohsiung Normal University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yo Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Rabinovich OF, Guseva AV, Abramova ES. [Clinical and laboratory rationale for photodynamic therapy in patients with severe complicated oral lichen planus]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2015; 94:40-46. [PMID: 26171545 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201594240-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A V Guseva
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial
| | - E S Abramova
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial
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Hino H, Murayama Y, Nakanishi M, Inoue K, Nakajima M, Otsuji E. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy using light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths in a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. J Surg Res 2013; 185:119-26. [PMID: 23746762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of the strong photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX, in cancer cells. The efficacy of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was evaluated in a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of violet (peak wavelength 410 nm), green (peak wavelength 525 nm), and red (peak wavelength 635 nm) LEDs on reactive oxygen species generation and ALA-PDT cytotoxicity were measured in vitro. 5-ALA was intraperitoneally injected into a mouse xenograft model of peritoneally disseminated enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing MKN-45 cells, followed by irradiation of micrometastatic nodules on the omentum and evaluation of the necrotic areas of these nodules. RESULTS ROS generation and the cytotoxic effects of ALA-PDT were highest for the violet and lowest for the red LEDs. The necrotic areas of nodules were significantly larger after irradiation with each LED than in the control mice. The violet and green LEDs had the same anticancer effects, which were significantly greater than those of the red LED. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT using LEDs was effective in treating peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. The differences in the anticancer effects among the three light sources indicate the necessity of selecting the light source with the optimal wavelength most effective for in vivo clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hino
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Nokes B, Apel M, Jones C, Brown G, Lang JE. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA): photodynamic detection and potential therapeutic applications. J Surg Res 2013; 181:262-71. [PMID: 23510551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a heme precursor that may have potential applications for photodynamic detection and photodynamic therapy-based treatment of solid tumors in a variety of malignancies. ALA may have a role in other applications in surgical oncology based on its ability to discriminate neoplastic tissue from adjacent normal tissue. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies of ALA in noncutaneous solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nokes
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Seitz G, Armeanu-Ebinger S, Warmann S, Fuchs J. Animal models of extracranial pediatric solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:859-864. [PMID: 23162611 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models, including xenografts, models of metastatic invasion, syngeneic models and transgenic models, are important tools for basic research in solid pediatric tumors, while humanized animal models are useful for novel immunotherapeutical approaches. Optical and molecular imaging techniques are used for in vivo imaging and may be used in conjunction with alternative treatment approaches, including photodynamic therapy. The aim of this review is to highlight the various animal models that may be used for basic research in pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Wachowska M, Muchowicz A, Firczuk M, Gabrysiak M, Winiarska M, Wańczyk M, Bojarczuk K, Golab J. Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) as a Prodrug in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2011. [PMCID: PMC6263343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16054140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an endogenous metabolite normally formed in the mitochondria from succinyl-CoA and glycine. Conjugation of eight ALA molecules yields protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and finally leads to formation of heme. Conversion of PpIX to its downstream substrates requires the activity of a rate-limiting enzyme ferrochelatase. When ALA is administered externally the abundantly produced PpIX cannot be quickly converted to its final product - heme by ferrochelatase and therefore accumulates within cells. Since PpIX is a potent photosensitizer this metabolic pathway can be exploited in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This is an already approved therapeutic strategy making ALA one of the most successful prodrugs used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabrysiak
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wańczyk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Bojarczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A F Building, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Department III, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +48-22-5992199; Fax: +48-22-5992194
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