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Deng T, Huang Q, Lin K, Qian J, Li Q, Li L, Xu S, Yun H, Wang H, Wu X, Liu H, Jin G, Liu X. Midkine-Notch2 Pathway Mediates Excessive Proliferation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794952. [PMID: 35774607 PMCID: PMC9239375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-induced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and subsequent airway remodeling is a hallmark of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). The role of midkine (MK) in COPD is unclear. In this work, we explored the role of MK-Notch2 signaling in COPD by inhibiting the expression of MK using lentivirus shRNA in ASMCs in vitro and instillation of AAV9-MK in the airway of a COPD rat model in vivo. The results demonstrated that LPS decreased ASMC migration and proliferation, increased apoptosis and induced the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Inhibition of MK exacerbated the changes in migration and proliferation but decreased the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules. Rats treated with smoke fumigation and LPS showed features of COPD. The small airways of COPD rats were remodeled and lung function was significantly reduced. The expressions of TGF-β, ICAM-1, HA, MMP-9, PC-III, and LN in BALF and the expression of MK and Notch2 signaling molecules were significantly increased in the COPD rats compared with controls. Inhibition of MK reversed these changes. In conclusion, the MK-Notch2 pathway plays a key role in airway remodeling induced by ASMC proliferation. Targeting the MK-Notch2 pathway may be a new strategy for improving airway remodeling and preventing progressive decline of pulmonary function in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Deng
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qifeng Huang
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuangqin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongfang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Guiyun Jin
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Interventional radiology and vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Hainan Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Guiyun Jin, ; Xiaoran Liu,
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Bie C, Chen Y, Tang H, Li Q, Zhong L, Peng X, Shi Y, Lin J, Lai J, Wu S, Tang S. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Drives Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Invasion by Activating Stat3-Midkine-Stat3 Loop. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:569-584. [PMID: 33559791 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)-mediated Janus kinase (JAK)1/2-Stat3 pathway contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis. Specifically, a previous study showed that IGF-1R inhibition downregulated Midkine expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS The present study investigated the role of IGF-1R-JAK1/2-Stat3 and Midkine signaling in HCC, in addition to the molecular link between the IGF-1R-Stat3 pathway and Midkine. METHODS The expression levels of IGF-1R, Stat3, and Midkine were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, following which the association of IGF-1R with Stat3 and Midkine expression was evaluated in HCC. The molecular link between the IGF-1R-Stat3 pathway and Midkine was then investigated in vitro before the effect of IGF-1R-Stat3 and Midkine signaling on HCC growth and invasion was studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS IGF-1R, Stat3, and Midkine mRNA overexpressions were all found in HCC, where the levels of Stat3 and Midkine mRNA correlated positively with those of IGF-1R. In addition, Midkine mRNA level also correlated positively with Stat3 mRNA expression in HCC tissues. IGF-1R promoted Stat3 activation, which in turn led to the upregulation of Midkine expression in Huh7 cells. Similarly, Midkine also promoted Stat3 activation through potentiating JAK1/2 phosphorylation. Persistent activation of this Stat3-Midkine-Stat3 positive feedback signal loop promoted HCC growth and invasion, the inhibition of which resulted in significant antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive activation of the IGF-1R-mediated Stat3-Midkine-Stat3 positive feedback loop is present in HCC, the inhibition of which can serve as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqun Bie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Shajing Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Campbell VK, Gately RP, Krishnasamy R, Burg D, Robertson GR, Gray NA. Midkine and chronic kidney disease-associated multisystem organ dysfunctions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1577-1584. [PMID: 32542315 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive multisystem condition with yet undefined mechanistic drivers and multiple implicated soluble factors. If identified, these factors could be targeted for therapeutic intervention for a disease that currently lacks specific treatment. There is increasing preclinical evidence that the heparin/endothelial glycocalyx-binding molecule midkine (MK) has a pathological role in multiple CKD-related, organ-specific disease processes, including CKD progression, hypertension, vascular and cardiac disease, bone disease and CKD-related cancers. Concurrent with this are studies documenting increases in circulating and urine MK proportional to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) loss in CKD patients and evidence that administering soluble MK reverses the protective effects of MK deficiency in experimental kidney disease. This review summarizes the growing body of evidence supporting MK's potential role in driving CKD-related multisystem disease, including MK's relationship with the endothelial glycocalyx, the deranged MK levels and glycocalyx profile in CKD patients and a proposed model of MK organ interplay in CKD disease processes and highlights the importance of ongoing research into MK's potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Campbell
- Renal Unit, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan P Gately
- Renal Unit, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rathika Krishnasamy
- Renal Unit, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas A Gray
- Renal Unit, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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Biphasic Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor (ACKR) 2 and ACKR4 in Colorectal Neoplasms in Association with Histopathological Findings. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010008. [PMID: 33374792 PMCID: PMC7824260 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitating resolution of inflammation using atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR) as an anticancer strategy is considered but requires a deeper understanding of receptor role in carcinogenesis. We aimed at transcriptional analysis (RTqPCR) of ACKR2 and ACKR4 expression in colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence in paired normal-neoplastic tissues from 96 polyps and 51 cancers. On average, ACKR2 was downregulated in neoplastic as compared to non-affected tissue in polyp (by 2.7-fold) and cancer (by 3.1-fold) patients. The maximal downregulation (by 8.2-fold) was observed in adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy and was gradually lessening through cancer stages I-IV, owing to increased receptor expression in tumors. On average, ACKR4 was significantly downregulated solely in adenocarcinomas (by 1.5-fold), less so in patients with lymph node metastasis, owing to a gradual decrease in ACKR4 expression among N0-N1-N2 cancers in non-affected tissue without changes in tumors. In adenomas, ACKR4 downregulation in neoplastic tissue increased with increasing potential for malignancy and contribution of villous growth pattern. ACKR4 expression increased in non-affected tissue with a concomitant decrease in pathological mucosa. In conclusion, the changes in ACKRs expression occur already in precancerous colorectal lesions, culminating in the adenomas with the highest potential for malignancy. Therefore, chemoprevention by manipulating ACKRs’ expression is worth exploration.
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Diakowska D, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Local and Systemic Interleukin-32 in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers: Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E785. [PMID: 33020452 PMCID: PMC7600995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on clinical and diagnostic relevance of interleukin-32 in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. We determined its mRNA (n = 52) and protein (n = 63) expression in paired (tumor-normal) samples from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, with reference to cancer-associated genes, and quantified circulating interleukin-32 in 70 cancer patients and 28 controls. IL32 expression was significantly upregulated solely in ESCC, reflecting T stage in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. Fold-change in IL32 and IL-32 was higher in left-sided CRC, owing to high interleukin expression in non-transformed right-sided colonic mucosa. IL32 was independently and positively associated with Ki67, HIF1A, and ACTA2 and negatively with TJP1 in tumors and with IL10Ra and BCLxL in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. IL-32 protein was significantly upregulated in colorectal tumors. In ESCC, advanced stage and lymph node metastasis were associated with significant IL-32 upregulation. Circulating interleukin was significantly elevated in cancer patients, more so in ESCC and GC than CRC. As biomarker, IL-32 detected gastroesophageal cancers with 99.5% accuracy. In conclusion, IL-32 is upregulated in GIT cancers at local and systemic level, reflecting hypoxia and proliferative and invasive/metastatic capacity in tumors and immunosuppressive and antiapoptotic potential in non-transformed mucosa, while being an accurate biomarker of gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bednarz-Misa I, Fleszar MG, Zawadzki M, Kapturkiewicz B, Kubiak A, Neubauer K, Witkiewicz W, Krzystek-Korpacka M. L-Arginine/NO Pathway Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: Relevance as Disease Biomarkers and Predictors of Adverse Clinical Outcomes Following Surgery. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061782. [PMID: 32521714 PMCID: PMC7355854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-Arginine/NO pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and immunity. Its diagnostic and prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC) was determined using tandem mass spectrometry in 199 individuals (137 with CRC) and, during a three-day follow up, in 60 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Citrulline was decreased and asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginines and dimethylamine (DMA) were increased in CRC. The DMA increase corresponded with CRC advancement while arginine, ADMA, and SDMA levels were higher in left-sided cancers. Arginine, citrulline, ADMA, and DMA dropped and SDMA increased post incision. Females experienced a more substantial drop in arginine. The arginine and ADMA dynamics depended on blood loss. The initial SDMA increase was higher in patients requiring transfusions. Postoperative dynamics in arginine and dimethylarginines differed in robot-assisted and open surgery. Concomitant SDMA, citrulline, and DMA quantification displayed a 92% accuracy in detecting CRC. Monitoring changes in arginine, ADMA, and SDMA in the early postoperative period predicted postoperative ileus with 84% and surgical site infections with 90% accuracy. Changes in ADMA predicted operative morbidity with 90% and anastomotic leakage with 77% accuracy. If positively validated, L-arginine/NO pathway metabolites may facilitate CRC screening and surveillance, support differential diagnosis, and assist in clinical decision-making regarding patients recovering from colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz G Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Zawadzki
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kapturkiewicz
- First Department of Oncological Surgery of Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kubiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Neubauer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
- Research and Development Centre at Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Kemper M, Hentschel W, Graß JK, Stüben BO, Konczalla L, Rawnaq T, Ghadban T, Izbicki JR, Reeh M. Serum Midkine is a clinical significant biomarker for colorectal cancer and associated with poor survival. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2010-2018. [PMID: 31984657 PMCID: PMC7064087 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common carcinomas worldwide. Early detection is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Several promising studies described the use of midkine (MK) as a tumor marker. This study aimed to investigate a larger collective to ascertain if the preoperative serum midkine level (S‐MK) is suitable as a marker for screening and if S‐MK correlates with tumor progression and localization. It was also investigated for the first time whether patients with high S‐MK show poor survival. This prospective single‐center study included 299 patients with CRC. The preoperative serum midkine level (S‐MK) was determined using ELISA. Established tumor markers Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) were collected for comparison. The median follow‐up period was 65 months. S‐MK was significantly elevated in patients with CRC (P < .001). The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 (P < .001). A cut‐off value of 56.42 pg/mL results in a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 75.4%. In the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), there were no significant correlations between S‐MK and tumor progression, localization. Furthermore, no significant correlation to CEA und CA 19‐9 could be found. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was able to show for the first time that patients with S‐MK of more than 225 pg/mL have a significantly shorter survival. Multivariate Cox regression showed that only CEA was an independent prognostic factor for survival. S‐MK helps estimate the prognosis for CRC and is a valuable component for developing a multimarker panel for screening and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kemper
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hentschel
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Kristin Graß
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern-Ole Stüben
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Konczalla
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tamina Rawnaq
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tarik Ghadban
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Subsite heterogeneity in the profiles of circulating cytokines in colorectal cancer. Cytokine 2018; 110:435-441. [PMID: 29801973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are treated as one entity but are in fact a heterogeneous group of diseases. If not addressed, subsite-associated variability may interfere with mechanism-targeted therapies and accuracy of potential CRC biomarkers. Little is known about the contribution of systemic inflammatory and immune mediators to subsite heterogeneity in CRC. Our purpose was to compare the profiles of key cytokines between right and left colonic and rectal CRCs. Using Luminex xMAP® technology, serum concentrations of eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFNγ, IP-10, FGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α and β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNFα, and VEGF-A were determined in 104 CRC patients. We found the concentrations of IL-12(p70), IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, G-CSF and TNFα to be significantly higher in right-sided and GM-CSF in left-sided than rectal CRCs. The concentrations of IFNγ and MIP-1α were significantly higher in right-sided CRCs as compared to cancers of other locations combined. In turn, MIP-1β was higher in rectal CRCs as compared to colon cancers. Taken together, our results show subsite heterogeneity of CRC cancers in terms of systemic inflammatory and immune responses that ought to be taken into account when attempting immunotherapy or developing biomarkers. Additionally, more pronounced TH2 response accompanied by TH1 immunity and more prominent tumor-promoting inflammation in CRC patients with primary tumors originating from right-sided colon may constitute a molecular background of unfavorable prognosis associated with this location.
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Zhang L, Song X, Shao Y, Wu C, Jiang J. Prognostic value of Midkine expression in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24821-24829. [PMID: 29872508 PMCID: PMC5973861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulated studies have shown the important role of Midkine (MDK) protein in various solid tumors and indicated its correlation with patients' survival. This meta-analysis was performed to further explore the prognostic value of MDK expression in solid tumors. Materials and Methods We collected the literatures through searching PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library (last up to April 10, 2017) to assess the effect of MDK on survival in solid tumor patients. The STATA 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis. Fixed-effects models or random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS). Results A total of 2097 patients from 17 observational studies were summarized. High expression of MDK was notably associated with worse OS in solid tumor patients. (pooled HR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.67-2.31). The subgroup analysis of tumor type demonstrated negative impact of elevated MDK on OS in most solid tumor patients (P < 0.05), while MDK had no relevance with OS in the patients with OSCC (pooled HR = 1.68; 95% CI = 0.84-3.36; P = 0.145) or HNSCC (pooled HR = 1.56; 95% CI = 0.96-2.51; P = 0.075). Conclusions The present meta-analysis clarifies that MDK is a potential prognostic biomarker in solid tumor patients. Future large-scale prospective clinical trials are needed to determine the prognostic value of MDK in solid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zhang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing Song
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingjie Shao
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhou F, Yu X, Liang P, Han Z, Cheng Z, Yu J, Liu F, Hu Y. Does primary tumor location impact the prognosis of colorectal liver metastases patients after microwave ablation? - Lessons from 10 years' experience. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100791-100800. [PMID: 29246023 PMCID: PMC5725065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal ablation has been considered as an alternative for local curative intent in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases. The influence of primary tumor location on the prognosis of colorectal liver metastases patients who have undergone microwave ablation has yet to be determined. We reviewed 295 patients who underwent microwave ablation for colorectal liver metastases at our institution between March 2006 and March 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of overall and progression-free survival. Technical success was achieved in 96.6% of patients (n = 289), with a post-procedural complication rate of 2.0% (n = 6). After a median follow-up of 24 (range, 2–86) months, comparable overall survival rates (p = 0.583) were observed in patients with different primary tumor locations. Patients with colorectal liver metastases originating from left-sided primary colon cancer exhibited a better progression-free survival than patients whose colorectal liver metastases had originated from right-sided primary colon cancer (hazard ratio: 0.67, 95.0% confidence interval: 0.48–0.94; p = 0.012), which was further confirmed in a multivariate analysis after adjustment for other potential prognostic factors. Stratification based on primary tumor location should be taken into consideration in the assessment of disease progression in patients who intend to undergo microwave ablation for colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Zhou
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiyu Han
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Gorska S, Diakowska D, Kapturkiewicz B, Podkowik M, Gamian A, Bednarz-Misa I. Midkine is up-regulated in both cancerous and inflamed bowel, reflecting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer and clinical activity of ulcerative colitis. Cytokine 2016; 89:68-75. [PMID: 27692729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Midkine is a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor displaying proinflammatory and pro-tumorigenic activity. Its association with bowel diseases has not been fully elucidated. Our purpose was to delineate midkine expression pattern by RT-qPCR in inflamed/cancerous bowel (n=208) and whole blood (n=150) in colorectal cancer (CRC), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) and to evaluate midkine dynamics in early postoperative period following colorectal surgery. The expression of midkine was significantly up-regulated in stage III CRC and independently associated with lymph node metastasis. The expression of midkine in whole blood was up-regulated solely in N1 CRC. Midkine expression in cancer-free tissue (CRC) was also elevated and dependent on CRC advancement. In IBD, inflammation increased the bowel expression of midkine solely in UC, in a manner proportional to the disease clinical activity. Large and small bowel differed with respect to the expression of midkine in quiescent tissue (higher in small bowel) and to its correlation pattern with chemokines (in a large bowel) and angiogenic factors and cell cycle regulators (in a small bowel). Circulating midkine and its expression in whole blood dropped directly following colorectal surgery; however, the concentration of midkine in serum was restored on postoperative day three. Midkine is involved in bowel inflammation in UC and lymph node metastasis in CRC, rendering midkine an attractive target for their treatment. Owing to midkine elevation in early postoperative period and its overexpression in tumor-adjacent tissue, targeting midkine might be considered also as a prevention of CRC recurrence following curative tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabina Gorska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Dept. of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kapturkiewicz
- First Dept. of Oncological Surgery of Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podkowik
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland; Wroclaw Research Center EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland
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Tang SL, Gao YL, Chen XB. Wnt/β-catenin up-regulates Midkine expression in glioma cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12644-12649. [PMID: 26550177 PMCID: PMC4612862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Midkine, also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2), plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that Midkine is up-regulated in several types of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism for its up-regulation remains poorly understood. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is viewed as crucial for multiple tumor growth and metastasis, including glioma. In the present study, we found that Wnt3a administration or transfection of a constitutively activated β-catenin promoted Midkine expression in glioma cells. We further identified a TCF/LEF binding site, with which beta-catenin interacts, on the proximal promoter region of Midkine gene, by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Thus, our results suggest a previously unknown Wnt/β-catenin/Midkine molecular network controlling glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Central HospitalKaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, China
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Nampt/PBEF/visfatin upregulation in colorectal tumors, mirrored in normal tissue and whole blood of colorectal cancer patients, is associated with metastasis, hypoxia, IL1β, and anemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:523930. [PMID: 26075243 PMCID: PMC4444566 DOI: 10.1155/2015/523930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Nampt/PBEF/visfatin is considered a promising anticancer strategy, yet little is known about its association with colorectal cancer (CRC). We quantified Nampt/PBEF/visfatin expression in bowel and blood (mRNA and protein), referring it to CRC advancement and inflammatory, angiogenic, hypoxia, and proliferation indices. Tumor Nampt/PBEF/visfatin upregulation was associated with metastasis, anemia, tumor location, HIF1α, and inflammatory and angiogenic indices, of which HIF1α, IL1β, and anemia explained 70% in Nampt/PBEF/visfatin variability. Nampt/PBEF/visfatin expression in nontumor tissue, both mRNA and protein, increased in patients with metastatic disease and mild anemia, and, on transcriptional level, correlated with HIF1α, IL1β, IL8, CCL2, and CCL4 expression. Whole blood Nampt/PBEF/visfatin tended to be elevated in patients with metastatic cancer or anemia and correlated with inflammatory indices, of which IL1β, IL8, and hematocrit explained 60% of its variability. Circulating visfatin was associated with lymph node metastasis and inflammatory and angiogenic indices. In vitro experiments on SW620 cells demonstrated Nampt/PBEF/visfatin downregulation in response to serum withdrawal but its upregulation in response to serum induction and hypoxia. Stimulation with recombinant visfatin did not provide growth advantage. Summarizing, our results link Nampt/PBEF/visfatin with tumor metastatic potential and point at inflammation and hypoxia as key inducers of its upregulation in CRC.
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Hu XF, Yao J, Gao SG, Yang YT, Peng XQ, Feng XS. Midkine and syndecan‑1 levels correlate with the progression of malignant gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1409-15. [PMID: 25017879 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine whether the expression levels of midkine (MK) and syndecan‑1 correlate with the malignant progression and poor prognosis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA). GCA tissue samples (n=72) were obtained from the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (Luoyang, China). The paraffin‑embedded samples had been surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed between 2007 and 2009. Normal gastric cardiac biopsy specimens (n=40) were also collected as the control. The expression levels of MK and syndecan‑1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry using the high‑sensitivity streptavidin‑peroxidase method. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using the SPSS 17.0 statistics package. MK expression was detected in 76.4% of GCA samples and 5% of normal gastric cardiac mucosa specimens. A significant positive correlation was observed between the expression levels of MK and the infiltrative depth of the tumor, the presence of lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of the patients (P<0.05). Syndecan‑1 expression was detected in 38.9% of GCA samples and 100% of normal gastric cardiac mucosa samples. The expression levels of syndecan‑1 were negatively correlated with the grade of differentiation, serosal membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis and the patient's prognosis (P<0.05). Notably, the expression levels of MK and syndecan‑1 were inversely correlated (r=‑0.352, P<0.01) in the GCA tissue samples. These results suggest that high expression levels of MK in GCA tissues may indicate a differentiation stage that is characteristic of malignancy, a late clinical stage and a poor prognosis, whereas increased syndecan‑1 levels may indicate a high degree of differentiation, an early clinical stage and a favorable prognosis. MK and syndecan‑1 may serve as important biomarkers for monitoring the development and progression of GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Hu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - She-Gan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Tong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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Krzystek-Korpacka M, Diakowska D, Neubauer K, Gamian A. Circulating midkine in malignant and non-malignant colorectal diseases. Cytokine 2013; 64:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Profiles of circulating inflammatory cytokines in colorectal cancer (CRC), high cancer risk conditions, and health are distinct. Possible implications for CRC screening and surveillance. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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