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Viana FS, Pereira JA, Crespo TS, Reis Amaro LB, Rocha EF, Fereira AC, Lelis DDF, Baldo TDOF, Baldo MP, Santos SHS, Andrade JMO. Oral supplementation with resveratrol improves hormonal profile and increases expression of genes associated with thermogenesis in oophorectomy mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 591:112268. [PMID: 38735622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Menopause causes important bodily and metabolic changes, which favor the increased occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Resveratrol exerts proven effects on body metabolism, improving glucose and lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in various organs and tissues. Accordingly, this study evaluates the effects of resveratrol supplementation on the expression of markers associated with thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and on the body, metabolic and hormonal parameters of female mice submitted to bilateral oophorectomy. Eighteen female mice were randomized into three groups: G1: control (CONTROL), G2: oophorectomy (OOF), and G3: oophorectomy + resveratrol (OOF + RSV); the animals were kept under treatment for twelve weeks, being fed a standard diet and treated with resveratrol via gavage. Body, biochemical, hormonal, and histological parameters were measured; in addition to the expression of markers associated with thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. The results showed that animals supplemented with resveratrol showed reduced body weight and visceral adiposity, in addition to glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; decreased serum FSH levels and increased estrogen levels were observed compared to the OOF group and mRNA expression of PRDM16, UCP1, and SIRT3 in brown adipose tissue. The findings of this study suggest the important role of resveratrol in terms of improving body, metabolic, and hormonal parameters, as well as modulating markers associated with thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of female mice submitted to oophorectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fhelício Sampaio Viana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Andrade Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lílian Betânia Reis Amaro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Francisco Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alice Crespo Fereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathophysiology, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Perim Baldo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathophysiology, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathophysiology, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Yang S, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zou S, Zhang D, Yang X. Molecular Regulation of Thermogenic Mechanisms in Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6303. [PMID: 38928011 PMCID: PMC11203837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is conventionally recognized as a metabolic organ responsible for storing energy. However, a proportion of adipose tissue also functions as a thermogenic organ, contributing to the inhibition of weight gain and prevention of metabolic diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of thermogenic fats, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT). Despite this progress, the mechanism underlying thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue remains highly controversial. It is widely acknowledged that beige adipose tissue has three additional thermogenic mechanisms in addition to the conventional UCP1-dependent thermogenesis: Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis, creatine substrate cycling thermogenesis, and triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling thermogenesis. This paper delves into these three mechanisms and reviews the latest advancements in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis from the molecular genetic perspective. The objective of this review is to provide readers with a foundation of knowledge regarding the beige fats and a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of this process, which may lead to the development of new strategies for maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rongru Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuoya Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
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Sharebiani H, Mokaram M, Mirghani M, Fazeli B, Stanek A. The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Pathologic Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Development. Nutrients 2024; 16:1641. [PMID: 38892574 PMCID: PMC11175159 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In people with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, lipid and glucose metabolism and oxidative stress generation interact. This condition, known as a "metabolic syndrome" (MetS), presents a global challenge and appears to be the underlying mechanism for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is designed based on evidence indicating the pathogenic mechanisms of MetS. In detail, we will look at the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction in MetS, the effects of elevated oxidative stress levels on the condition's pathophysiology, and matters related to endothelial function. According to different components of the MetS pathophysiological network, the effects of antioxidants and endothelial dysfunction are reviewed. After considering the strategic role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of MetS and its associated CVDs, oxidative stress management by antioxidant supplementation seems an appropriate therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Sharebiani
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (M.M.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran;
| | - Mina Mokaram
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Melika Mirghani
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (M.M.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran;
| | - Bahare Fazeli
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (M.M.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran;
| | - Agata Stanek
- VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (M.M.); (B.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Su Y, Li X, Zhao J, Ji B, Zhao X, Feng J, Zhao J. Guanidinoacetic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation and promotes white adipose tissue browning in middle-aged mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:4515-4526. [PMID: 38567805 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged supporting the importance of GAA in metabolic dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of GAA on hepatic and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as systemic inflammatory responses in obese middle-aged mice models and attempted to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that dietary supplementation of GAA inhibited inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) hypertrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, GAA supplementation observably decreased the levels of some systemic inflammatory factors, including IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Intriguingly, GAA supplementation ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, which was revealed by decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FASN, ACC, FABP1, and APOB and increased levels of HDL-C in the liver. Moreover, GAA supplementation increased the expression of browning markers and mitochondrial-related genes in the iWAT. Further investigation showed that dietary GAA promoted the browning of the iWAT via activating the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway and might be associated with futile creatine cycling in obese mice. These results indicate that GAA has the potential to be used as an effective ingredient in dietary interventions and thus may play an important role in ameliorating and preventing HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Bingzhen Ji
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Resource Utilization and Breeding, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
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de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Sun Y, Ni X, Cheng S, Yu X, Jin X, Chen L, Yang Z, Xia D, Chen Z, Hu MG, Hou X. Acteoside improves adipocyte browning by CDK6-mediated mTORC1-TFEB pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159364. [PMID: 37433343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte browning increases energy expenditure by thermogenesis, which has been considered a potential strategy against obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Phytochemicals derived from natural products with the ability to improve adipocyte thermogenesis have aroused extensive attention. Acteoside (Act), a phenylethanoid glycoside, exists in various medicinal or edible plants and has been shown to regulate metabolic disorders. Here, the browning effect of Act was evaluated by stimulating beige cell differentiation from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes, and by converting the iWAT-SVF derived mature white adipocytes. Act improves adipocyte browning by differentiation of the stem/progenitors into beige cells and by direct conversion of mature white adipocytes into beige cells. Mechanistically, Act inhibited CDK6 and mTOR, and consequently relieved phosphorylation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and increased its nuclear retention, leading to induction of PGC-1α, a driver of mitochondrial biogenesis, and UCP1-dependent browning. These data thus unveil a CDK6-mTORC1-TFEB pathway that regulates Act-induced adipocyte browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Xintao Ni
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Siyao Cheng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jin
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Liangxin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenggang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daozong Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China.
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Sharebiani H, Keramat S, Chavoshan A, Fazeli B, Stanek A. The Influence of Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress-Induced Vascular Aging in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1295. [PMID: 37372025 PMCID: PMC10295268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide trend that is growing in incidence very fast. Adipose tissue dysfunction caused by obesity is associated with the generation of oxidative stress. Obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Vascular aging is one of the main pathogenesis mechanisms. The aim of this study is to review the effect of antioxidants on vascular aging caused by oxidative stress in obesity. In order to achieve this aim, this paper is designed to review obesity-caused adipose tissue remodeling, vascular aging generated by high levels of oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on obesity, redox balance, and vascular aging. It seems that vascular diseases in obese individuals are complex networks of pathological mechanisms. In order to develop a proper therapeutic tool, first, there is a need for a better understanding of interactions between obesity, oxidative stress, and aging. Based on these interactions, this review suggests different lines of strategies that include change in lifestyle to prevent and control obesity, strategies for adipose tissue remodelling, oxidant-antioxidant balance, inflammation suppression, and strategies against vascular aging. Some antioxidants support different lines of these strategies, making them appropriate for complex conditions such as oxidative stress-induced vascular diseases in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Sharebiani
- Vascular Independent Research and Education, European Foundation, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.C.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
| | - Shayan Keramat
- Vascular Independent Research and Education, European Foundation, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.C.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
| | - Abdolali Chavoshan
- Vascular Independent Research and Education, European Foundation, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.C.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
| | - Bahar Fazeli
- Vascular Independent Research and Education, European Foundation, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.C.); (B.F.)
- Support Association of Patients of Buerger’s Disease, Buerger’s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- Vascular Independent Research and Education, European Foundation, 20157 Milan, Italy; (H.S.); (S.K.); (A.C.); (B.F.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Vrânceanu M, Hegheş SC, Cozma-Petruţ A, Banc R, Stroia CM, Raischi V, Miere D, Popa DS, Filip L. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals Involved in Body Weight Control by Modulating Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2273. [PMID: 37375898 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent health problem in the Western world, with pathological body weight gain associated with numerous co-morbidities that can be the main cause of death. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of obesity, such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic make-up. Genetic predispositions play an important role in obesity, but genetic variations alone cannot fully explain the explosion of obesity, which is why studies have turned to epigenetics. The latest scientific evidence suggests that both genetics and environmental factors contribute to the rise in obesity. Certain variables, such as diet and exercise, have the ability to alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence, a phenomenon known as epigenetics. Epigenetic changes are reversible, and reversibility makes these changes attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. While anti-obesity drugs have been proposed to this end in recent decades, their numerous side effects make them not very attractive. On the other hand, the use of nutraceuticals for weight loss is increasing, and studies have shown that some of these products, such as resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginger, capsaicin, and caffeine, can alter gene expression, restoring the normal epigenetic profile and aiding weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Viorica Raischi
- Laboratory of Physiology of Stress, Adaptation and General Sanocreatology, Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, 1 Academiei Street, 2028 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Flori L, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Citi V, Calderone V, Martelli A. Influence of Polyphenols on Adipose Tissue: Sirtuins as Pivotal Players in the Browning Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119276. [PMID: 37298226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) can be classified into two different types: (i) white adipose tissue (WAT), which represents the largest amount of total AT, and has the main function of storing fatty acids for energy needs and (ii) brown adipose tissue (BAT), rich in mitochondria and specialized in thermogenesis. Many exogenous stimuli, e.g., cold, exercise or pharmacological/nutraceutical tools, promote the phenotypic change of WAT to a beige phenotype (BeAT), with intermediate characteristics between BAT and WAT; this process is called "browning". The modulation of AT differentiation towards WAT or BAT, and the phenotypic switch to BeAT, seem to be crucial steps to limit weight gain. Polyphenols are emerging as compounds able to induce browning and thermogenesis processes, potentially via activation of sirtuins. SIRT1 (the most investigated sirtuin) activates a factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), which, through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) modulation, induces typical genes of BAT and inhibits genes of WAT during the transdifferentiation process in white adipocytes. This review article aims to summarize the current evidence, from pre-clinical studies to clinical trials, on the ability of polyphenols to promote the browning process, with a specific focus on the potential role of sirtuins in the pharmacological/nutraceutical effects of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Schirinzi V, Poli C, Berteotti C, Leone A. Browning of Adipocytes: A Potential Therapeutic Approach to Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2229. [PMID: 37432449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity suggests that current strategies based on diet, exercise, and pharmacological knowledge are not sufficient to tackle this epidemic. Obesity results from a high caloric intake and energy storage, the latter by white adipose tissue (WAT), and when neither are counterbalanced by an equally high energy expenditure. As a matter of fact, current research is focused on developing new strategies to increase energy expenditure. Against this background, brown adipose tissue (BAT), whose importance has recently been re-evaluated via the use of modern positron emission techniques (PET), is receiving a great deal of attention from research institutions worldwide, as its main function is to dissipate energy in the form of heat via a process called thermogenesis. A substantial reduction in BAT occurs during normal growth in humans and hence it is not easily exploitable. In recent years, scientific research has made great strides and investigated strategies that focus on expanding BAT and activating the existing BAT. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the various molecules that can be used to promote white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure in order to assess the potential role of thermogenic nutraceuticals. This includes tools that could represent, in the future, a valid weapon against the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Schirinzi
- Endocrinology and Care of Diabetes Unit-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola Malpighi, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Poli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Orsola Malpighi, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- PRISM Lab, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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11
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Xue S, Lee D, Berry DC. Thermogenic adipose tissue in energy regulation and metabolic health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150059. [PMID: 37020585 PMCID: PMC10067564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate thermogenic fat could be a targeted therapy to thwart obesity and improve metabolic health. Brown and beige adipocytes are two types of thermogenic fat cells that regulate energy balance. Both adipocytes share common morphological, biochemical, and thermogenic properties. Yet, recent evidence suggests unique features exist between brown and beige adipocytes, such as their cellular origin and thermogenic regulatory processes. Beige adipocytes also appear highly plastic, responding to environmental stimuli and interconverting between beige and white adipocyte states. Additionally, beige adipocytes appear to be metabolically heterogenic and have substrate specificity. Nevertheless, obese and aged individuals cannot develop beige adipocytes in response to thermogenic fat-inducers, creating a key clinical hurdle to their therapeutic promise. Thus, elucidating the underlying developmental, molecular, and functional mechanisms that govern thermogenic fat cells will improve our understanding of systemic energy regulation and strive for new targeted therapies to generate thermogenic fat. This review will examine the recent advances in thermogenic fat biogenesis, molecular regulation, and the potential mechanisms for their failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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12
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Pacifici F, Malatesta G, Mammi C, Pastore D, Marzolla V, Ricordi C, Chiereghin F, Infante M, Donadel G, Curcio F, Noce A, Rovella V, Lauro D, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Garaci E, Caprio M, Della-Morte D. A Novel Mix of Polyphenols and Micronutrients Reduces Adipogenesis and Promotes White Adipose Tissue Browning via UCP1 Expression and AMPK Activation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050714. [PMID: 36899850 PMCID: PMC10001138 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a pandemic disease characterized by excessive severe body comorbidities. Reduction in fat accumulation represents a mechanism of prevention, and the replacement of white adipose tissue (WAT) with brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as one promising strategy against obesity. In the present study, we sought to investigate the ability of a natural mixture of polyphenols and micronutrients (A5+) to counteract white adipogenesis by promoting WAT browning. Methods: For this study, we employed a murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line treated with A5+, or DMSO as control, during the differentiation in mature adipocytes for 10 days. Cell cycle analysis was performed using propidium iodide staining and cytofluorimetric analysis. Intracellular lipid contents were detected by Oil Red O staining. Inflammation Array, along with qRT-PCR and Western Blot analyses, served to measure the expression of the analyzed markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results: A5+ administration significantly reduced lipids' accumulation in adipocytes when compared to control cells (p < 0.005). Similarly, A5+ inhibited cellular proliferation during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), the most relevant stage in adipocytes differentiation (p < 0.0001). We also found that A5+ significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and Leptin (p < 0.005), and promoted fat browning and fatty acid oxidation through increasing expression levels of genes related to BAT, such as UCP1 (p < 0.05). This thermogenic process is mediated via AMPK-ATGL pathway activation. Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of compounds contained in A5+ may be able to counteract adipogenesis and then obesity by inducing fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Malatesta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mammi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Cell Transplant Center, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesca Chiereghin
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Diabetology, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Covid Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AOU Federico II, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6893
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Abstract
The metabolic benefits of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are well known. Increasing the BAT content and/or activity is a proposed therapeutic approach to combat metabolic disease. Activation and induction of endogenous BAT have achieved varying degrees of success in correcting obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, with some limitations. Transplantation of BAT from healthy donors is another approach proven safe and effective in rodent models. In diet-induced models of obesity and insulin resistance, BAT transplants prevent obesity, increase insulin sensitivity, and improve glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy metabolism. In mouse models of insulin-dependent diabetes, subcutaneous transplantation of healthy BAT produces long-term euglycemia without the need for insulin or immunosuppression. Considering the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of healthy BAT, transplantation may be a more effective approach to combat metabolic disease in the long term. Here we describe in detail the technique for subcutaneous BAT transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Gunawardana
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169448. [PMID: 36012714 PMCID: PMC9408971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered a vital organ in response to non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis, which could be activated during cold exposure through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or under postprandial conditions contributing to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Humans prefer to live within their thermal comfort or neutral zone with minimal energy expenditure created by wearing clothing, making shelters, or using an air conditioner to regulate their ambient temperature; thereby, DIT would become an important mechanism to counter-regulate energy intake and lipid accumulation. In addition, there has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes one to obesity and other metabolic diseases. Due to the recent advances in methodology to evaluate the functional activity of BAT and DIT, this updated review will focus on the role and regulatory mechanism of BAT biology in DIT in health and diseases and whether these mechanisms are applicable to humans.
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16
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Factors Associated with White Fat Browning: New Regulators of Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147641. [PMID: 35886989 PMCID: PMC9325132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into white and brown adipose tissue based on its colour, location, and cellular structure. Certain conditions, such as sympathetic nerve excitement, can induce the white adipose adipocytes into a new type of adipocytes, known as beige adipocytes. The process, leading to the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, is called white fat browning. The dynamic balance between white and beige adipocytes is closely related to the body’s metabolic homeostasis. Studying the signal transduction pathways of the white fat browning might provide novel ideas for the treatment of obesity and alleviation of obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This article aimed to provide an overview of recent advances in understanding white fat browning and the role of BAT in lipid metabolism.
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17
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Liudvytska O, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. A Review on Rhubarb-Derived Substances as Modulators of Cardiovascular Risk Factors—A Special Emphasis on Anti-Obesity Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102053. [PMID: 35631194 PMCID: PMC9144273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available anti-obesity therapies encounter many associated risks and side effects often causing the ineffectiveness of treatment. Therefore, various plant-derived substances have been extensively studied as a promising support or even an alternative for existing anti-obesity therapies. This review is dealing with the anti-obesity potential of edible and ethnomedicinal rhubarb species and emerging possible role of the rhubarb-derived extracts or individual compounds in the prevention of obesity and perspectives for their use in an anti-obesity treatment. A special emphasis is put on the most popular edible specimens, i.e., Rheum rhabarbarum L. (garden rhubarb) and Rheum rhaponticum L. (rhapontic rhubarb, Siberian rhubarb); however, the anti-obesity potential of other rhubarb species (e.g., R. officinale, R. palmatum, and R. emodi) is presented as well. The significance of rhubarb-derived extracts and low-molecular specialized rhubarb metabolites of diversified chemical background, e.g., anthraquinones and stilbenes, as potential modulators of human metabolism is highlighted, including the context of cardiovascular disease prevention. The available reports present multiple encouraging rhubarb properties starting from the anti-lipidemic action of rhubarb fibre or its use as purgative medicines, through various actions of rhubarb-derived extracts and their individual compounds: inhibition of enzymes of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, targeting of key molecular regulators of adipogenesis, regulators of cell energy metabolism, the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory signalling pathways and to regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis contributing to overall in vivo and clinical anti-obesity effects.
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18
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Natural bioactive constituents from herbs and nutraceuticals promote browning of white adipose tissue. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Sharma P, Tulsawani R. Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota) Against Simulated Altitude Stress and Subacute Toxicity Studies. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:21-34. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022045194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Liu X, Zhang Z, Song Y, Xie H, Dong M. An update on brown adipose tissue and obesity intervention: Function, regulation and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1065263. [PMID: 36714578 PMCID: PMC9874101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a world-wide problem. However, effective intervention approaches are limited. Brown adipose tissue, which helps maintain body temperature and contributes to thermogenesis, is dependent on uncoupling protein1. Over the last decade, an in-creasing number of studies have found that activating brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose tissue can protect against obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease. Brown adipose tissue has gradually become an appealing therapeutic target for the prevention and re-versal of obesity. However, some important issues remain unresolved. It is not certain whether increasing brown adipose tissue activity is the cause or effect of body weight loss or what the risks might be for sympathetic nervous system-dependent non-shivering thermogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize approaches to activating brown adipose tissue and/or browning white adipose tissue, such as cold exposure, exercise, and small-molecule treatment. We highlight the functional mechanisms of small-molecule treatment and brown adipose tissue transplantation using batokine, sympathetic nervous system and/or gut microbiome. Finally, we discuss the causality between body weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, exercise, and brown adipose tissue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, China
| | - Hengchang Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Dong, ; Hengchang Xie,
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Repeated Oral Administration of Flavan-3-ols Induces Browning in Mice Adipose Tissues through Sympathetic Nerve Activation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124214. [PMID: 34959764 PMCID: PMC8707158 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found increases in uncoupling protein (Ucp)-1 transcription in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice following a single oral dose of flavan 3-ol (FL)s, a fraction of catechins and procyanidins. It was confirmed that these changes were totally reduced by co-treatment of adrenaline blockers. According to these previous results, FLs possibly activate sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In this study, we confirmed the marked increase in urinary catecholamine (CA) s projecting SNS activity following a single dose of 50 mg/kg FLs. In addition, we examined the impact of the repeated administration of 50 mg/kg FLs for 14 days on adipose tissues in mice. In BAT, FLs tended to increase the level of Ucp-1 along with significant increase of thermogenic transcriptome factors expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and PR domain-containing (PRDM)1. Expression of browning markers, CD137 and transmembrane protein (TMEM) 26, in addition to PGC-1α were increased in epididymal adipose (eWAT) by FLs. A multilocular morphology with cell size reduction was shown in the inguinal adipose (iWAT), together with increasing the level of Ucp-1 by FLs. These results exert that FLs induce browning in adipose, and this change is possibly produced by the activation of the SNS.
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22
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Wu YJ, Fang WJ, Pan S, Zhang SS, Li DF, Wang ZF, Chen WG, Yin Q, Zuo J. Regulation of Sirt1 on energy metabolism and immune response in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108175. [PMID: 34689102 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease. Synovial hyperplasia and persistent inflammation serve as its typical pathological manifestations, which ultimately lead to joint destruction and function loss. Both clinical observations and metabolomics studies have revealed the prevalence of metabolic disorders in RA. In inflammatory immune microenvironments, energy metabolism is profoundly changed. Increasingly evidences suggest that this abnormality is involved in the occurrence and development of RA-related inflammation. Unsurprisingly, many energy metabolism sensors have been confirmed with immunoregulatory properties. As a representative, silent information regulator type 1 (Sirt1) controls many aspects of immune cells, such as cell lifespan, polarization, and secretion by functioning as a transcriptional regulator. Because of the profound clinical implication, researches on Sirt1 in the regulation of energy metabolism and immune functions under RA conditions have gradually gained momentum. This signaling balances glycolysis, lipid metabolism and insulin secretion orchestrating with other metabolism sensors, and consequently affects immune milieu through a so-called metabolism-immune feedback mechanism. This article reviews the involvement of Sirt1 in RA by discussing its impacts on energy metabolism and immune functions, and specially highlights the potential of Sirt1-targeting anti-rheumatic regimens. It also provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mystery about the high incidence of metabolic complications in RA patients and identifying new anti-rheumatic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Xin'An Medicine Research Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen-Juan Fang
- The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Heifei, China
| | - Shu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Xin'An Medicine Research Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Sa-Sa Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Xin'An Medicine Research Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dan-Feng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen-Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China; Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Costa MADC, Vilela DLDS, Fraiz GM, Lopes IL, Coelho AIM, Castro LCV, Martin JGP. Effect of kombucha intake on the gut microbiota and obesity-related comorbidities: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34698580 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented nonalcoholic tea-based beverage produced through a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. In vitro studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-carcinogenic properties of kombucha. However, no systematic reviews have evaluated the effects of kombucha in vivo. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the evidence that exists so far about kombucha consumption on comorbidities associated with obesity as well as on the gut microbiota. The search was conducted in accordance with PRISMA and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020158917). The MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used in the search considering the following terms: "kombucha" OR "kombucha tea" OR "kombucha teas" OR "tea, kombucha" OR "teas, kombucha" NOT "review." Fifteen studies were included in this review. The results suggest that kombucha consumption attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation, improves the liver detoxification process, and reduces intestinal dysbiosis. There is evidence that kombucha consumption is beneficial for the control and treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities, as well as for the modulation of the gut microbiota in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Macedo Fraiz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Lima Lopes
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Iris Mendes Coelho
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - José Guilherme Prado Martin
- Microbiology of Fermented Products Laboratory (FERMICRO), Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sudeep HV, Ramanaiah I, Amritha R, Naveen P, Gouthamchandra K, Shyamprasad K. A Standardized Aframomum melegueta Seed Extract Regulates Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet Model Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211033744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis-mediated energy expenditure is a promising strategy to combat obesity. Aframomum melegueta commonly known as grains of paradise (GP) is a popular spice with medicinal attributes in promoting health. We have demonstrated the thermogenic effects of a standardized A melegueta seed extract (AMSE) containing not <10% 6-paradol in high fat diet-fed (HFD) mice. The 6-week oral ingestion of 20 and 40 mg/kg AMSE significantly limited the weight gain, improved the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in HFD mice. Interestingly, AMSE markedly induced the beige adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). AMSE treatment led to the upregulation of marker proteins i.e., uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in eWAT and BAT. Our findings add to the current understanding of the thermogenic potentials of GP seed extract and report that the extract can stimulate the browning of WATs in addition to enhanced BAT activity. AMSE requires clinical validation to be explored as a dietary supplement/functional ingredient with thermogenic effect in food and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Illuri Ramanaiah
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Karnataka, India
| | - Raj Amritha
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd., Karnataka, India
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Promotion of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Plant-based Dietary Components in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2147-2156. [PMID: 34265040 PMCID: PMC8634450 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promotion of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered a potential tool to combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. The use of plant-based dietary components has become one of the most used strategies for activating BAT and promoting WAT browning in rodents. The main reason is because plant-based dietary components are usually recognized as safe when the dose is properly adjusted, and they can easily be administrated by being added to the diet or dissolved in water. The present systematic review aimed to study the effects of plant-based dietary components on activation of BAT and promotion of WAT browning in rodents. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (from 1978 to 2019) identified eligible studies. Studies assessing the effects of plant-based dietary components added to diet and/or water on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in BAT and/or WAT were included. Studies that used dietary components of animal origin, did not specify the effects on UCP1, or were conducted in other species different from mice or rats were excluded. Of 3919 studies identified in the initial screening, 146 studies were finally included in the review. We found that tea extract catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin and capsinoids, cacao extract flavanols, and quercetin were the most studied components. Scientific evidence suggests that some of these dietary components activate BAT and promote WAT browning via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These findings reveal that there is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant-based dietary components to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents and thus to potentially combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. Del Conocimiento, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Fraiz GM, da Conceição AR, de Souza Vilela DL, Rocha DMUP, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Can resveratrol modulate sirtuins in obesity and related diseases? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2961-2977. [PMID: 34251517 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human sirtuins can be a powerful therapeutic target in preventing and treating obesity and age-related diseases. Some dietary components can modulate sirtuins' activity, such as resveratrol. This systematic review aimed to assess whether resveratrol (RSV), without other interventions, can stimulate sirtuins in the treatment of excess weight and its comorbidities. METHODS MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were used for search eligible articles. Randomized clinical trials assessing RSV supplementation on changes in the sirtuins' gene expression/protein levels was the primary outcome. Other possible changes in cardiometabolic markers were considered the second outcome. Following PRISMA guidelines and using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently and in parallel screened, assessed the studies' quality, and compiled data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or consulting a third author. RESULTS This review included seven randomized control trials. Four articles demonstrated a significant increase in SIRT-1 with different RSV dosages and interventions time. The secondary outcomes showed improvements in insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, metabolic flexibility, total antioxidant capacity, energy expenditure changes, and reduction of ectopic accumulation of fat. CONCLUSION Data from RCTs studies showed that RSV supplementation could stimulate SIRT-1 in humans, and therefore contribute to the treatment of excess weight and its comorbidities. However, more research is needed because it was not possible to confirm this effect truly. [PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020205571].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Macedo Fraiz
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosignoli da Conceição
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Darlene Larissa de Souza Vilela
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Duarte L, Gasaly N, Poblete-Aro C, Uribe D, Echeverria F, Gotteland M, Garcia-Diaz DF. Polyphenols and their anti-obesity role mediated by the gut microbiota: a comprehensive review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:367-388. [PMID: 33387285 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health problem that results in chronic pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The treatment approach based on energy restriction and promotion of physical activity is ineffective in the long term. Due to the high prevalence of this pathology, complementary treatments such as brown adipose tissue activation (BAT) and white adipose tissue browning (WAT) have been proposed. Dietary polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites that can stimulate browning and thermogenesis of adipose tissue. They have also been shown to prevent body weight gain, and decrease systemic inflammation produced by high-fat diets. Ingested dietary polyphenols that reach the colon are metabolized by the gut microbiota (GM), regulating its composition and generating a great array of metabolites. GM is involved in the production of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile salts that regulate energetic metabolism. The alteration in the composition of GM observed in metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes can be attenuated by polyphenols. Recent studies support the hypothesis that GM would mediate WAT browning and BAT thermogenesis activation induced by polyphenol administration. Together, these results indicate that GM in the presence of polyphenols plays a fundamental role in the control of obesity possible through BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette Duarte
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica, el Deporte y la Salud. Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigacion en Rehabilitacion y Salud CIRES, Universidad de las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Uribe
- Escuela de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento de Nutricion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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Suchacki KJ, Stimson RH. Nutritional Regulation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061748. [PMID: 34063868 PMCID: PMC8224032 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans offers a new strategy to increase energy expenditure to treat obesity and associated metabolic disease. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is primarily for energy storage, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that increases energy expenditure to generate heat. BAT is activated upon cold exposure and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid clearance, highlighting its beneficial role in metabolic health in humans. This review provides an overview of BAT physiology in conditions of overnutrition (obesity and associated metabolic disease), undernutrition and in conditions of altered fat distribution such as lipodystrophy. We review the impact of exercise, dietary macronutrients and bioactive compounds on BAT activity. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of dietary manipulations or supplementation to increase energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis. We conclude that chronic nutritional interventions may represent a useful nonpharmacological means to enhance BAT mass and activity to aid weight loss and/or improve metabolic health.
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29
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Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
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30
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Wagner S, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Precision Nutrition to Activate Thermogenesis as a Complementary Approach to Target Obesity and Associated-Metabolic-Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040866. [PMID: 33670730 PMCID: PMC7922953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regarding the pandemic of obesity and chronic diseases associated to metabolic alterations that occur nowadays worldwide, here, we review the most recent studies related to bioactive compounds and diet derived ingredients with potential effects to augment the systemic energy expenditure. We specifically focus in two processes: the activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue and the enhancement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in muscles. This may provide relevant information to develop diets and supplements to conduct nutritional intervention studies with the objective to ameliorate the metabolic and chronic inflammation in the course of obesity and related disorders. Abstract Obesity is associated to increased incidence and poorer prognosis in multiple cancers, contributing to up to 20% of cancer related deaths. These associations are mainly driven by metabolic and inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue during obesity, which disrupt the physiologic metabolic homeostasis. The association between obesity and hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well known. Importantly, the retrospective analysis of more than 1000 epidemiological studies have also shown the positive correlation between the excess of fatness with the risk of cancer. In addition, more important than weight, it is the dysfunctional adipose tissue the main driver of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and all cause of mortality and cancer deaths, which also explains why normal weight individuals may behave as “metabolically unhealthy obese” individuals. Adipocytes also have direct effects on tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of leptin in serum correlate with markers of chronic inflammation, and crown like structures (CLS) associated to the adipose tissue disfunction. Nevertheless, obesity is a preventable risk factor in cancer. Lifestyle interventions might contribute to reduce the adverse effects of obesity. Thus, Mediterranean diet interventional studies have been shown to reduce to circulation inflammatory factors, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular function, with durable responses of up to 2 years in obese patients. Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil reduced the incidence of breast cancer compared with a control diet. Physical activity is another important lifestyle factor which may also contribute to reduced systemic biomarkers of metabolic syndrome associated to obesity. In this scenario, precision nutrition may provide complementary approaches to target the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. Herein, we first describe the different types of adipose tissue -thermogenic active brown adipose tissue (BAT) versus the energy storing white adipose tissue (WAT). We then move on precision nutrition based strategies, by mean of natural extracts derived from plants and/or diet derived ingredients, which may be useful to normalize the metabolic inflammation associated to “unhealthy obesity”. More specifically, we focus on two axis: (1) the activation of thermogenesis in BAT and browning of WAT; (2) and the potential of augmenting the oxidative capacity of muscles to dissipate energy. These strategies may be particularly relevant as complementary approaches to alleviate obesity associated effects on chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Finally, we summarize main studies where plant derived extracts, mainly, polyphenols and flavonoids, have been applied to increase the energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, Alcorcón, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Sonia Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Medicinal Gardens SL, Marqués de Urquijo 47, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Siannoto M, Nugraha GI, Lesmana R, Goenawan H, Tarawan VM, Khairani AF. The Nutraceuticals and White Adipose Tissue in Browning Process. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200731004318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a prominent epidemic disease since its worldwide prevalence has
shown a continuous rise over the past few decades. The primary aim of obesity treatment is to effectively
reduce the intake of energy, while simultaneously increasing energy expenditure. Increasing
thermogenesis is one of the methods to increase energy expenditure. Thermogenesis, which primarily
occurs in brown adipose tissue, can also be produced by beige adipose tissue, through a process
known as browning. The browning process has recently been attracting a great deal of attention as
a potential anti-obesity agent. Many well-researched inducers of the browning process are readily
available, including cold exposure, agonist β3-adrenergic, agonist peroxisome proliferator activated
receptor γ, fibroblast growth factor 21, irisin and several nutraceuticals (including resveratrol,
curcumin, quercetin, fish oils, green tea, etc.). This mini review summarizes the current knowledge
and the latest research of some nutraceuticals that are potentially involved in the browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Siannoto
- Graduate Program of Antiaging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gaga I. Nugraha
- Division of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Vita M. Tarawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Astrid F. Khairani
- Graduate Program of Antiaging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:573-599. [PMID: 33253685 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free mice. We review the mechanisms by which alterations in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of metabolic diseases, and recent advances, such as the effects of the microbiome on lipid metabolism. Strategies have been developed to modify the intestinal microbiome and reverse metabolic alterations, which might be used as therapies. We discuss approaches that have shown effects in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disorders, and how these might be translated to humans to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France.
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The "irisin system": From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives. Life Sci 2020; 267:118954. [PMID: 33359670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interest in irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, has grown exponentially in recent years. Irisin, which is mainly produced in skeletal muscle, influences the browning process of adipose tissue and lipid and energy metabolism. Recent discoveries highlight that the potential of this hormone may have been underestimated. In the first part of this review, reports on irisin structure and molecules involved in its metabolic pathway are shown. Furthermore, data related to unclear aspects are also reported: distribution, different gene expression of its precursors in different tissues, physiological levels of circulating irisin, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The second part of this work focuses on exogenous stimuli and pharmacological agents which regulate the metabolic pathway of irisin and its serum concentration. In addition to physical exercise and exposure to low temperatures, which were early recognized as exogenous stimuli able to promote the production of this myokine, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates the ability of natural and synthetic molecules to interfere with this metabolic pathway. Current experimental data on irisin cannot dissolve all doubts related to this interesting molecule, but they certainly underline its potential for therapeutic purposes. Thus, identification of new pharmacological tools able to act on the irisin pathway is a challenging issue for biomedical research.
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Mendes KL, de Farias Lelis D, Athayde Souza LA, Brito RVJ, Andrade MC, Nobre SAM, Guimarães ALS, Batista de Paula AM, de Lima JP, Hilzendeger AM, Santos SHS. Lactococcus lactis and Resveratrol Decrease Body Weight and Increase Benefic Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Mice. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 28:761-768. [PMID: 33302826 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201209214850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome is now known for its important role in whole-body homeostasis. A dysbiosis of the normal microbiota is correlated with metabolic disorders. In this sense, the search for compounds able to modulate the microbiome is needed. Resveratrol, a natural compound found in grapes seems to be a promising candidate. OBJECTIVE In this study, our motivation was to evaluate the effects of the association between Resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis, a probiotic, on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota and body weight of mice. METHODS Twenty female mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) standard diet, (2) standard diet plus Lactococcus lactis, (3) standard diet plus resveratrol, and (4) standard diet plus Lactococcus lactis and resveratrol. At the end of the treatment period, samples of blood, mucus, stomach, and small and large intestines were collected for analysis. Total levels of Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin E, Lac+ and Lac- bacteria and Lactobacillus were measured. RESULTS The main results indicate that the association between resveratrol and probiotics was able to decrease mice body weight, as compared to the other groups, in addition to decrease the number of Lac- bacteria and increasing the number of Lac+ bacteria. The levels of secretory IgA were also decreased, compared to the animals treated with only probiotics or resveratrol. CONCLUSION We observed potential synergism between Resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis mainly in modulating the stomach and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Lopes Mendes
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Antunes Athayde Souza
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronize Viviane Jorge Brito
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariléia Chaves Andrade
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Avelino Mota Nobre
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pinto de Lima
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline M Hilzendeger
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lizcano F, Arroyave F. Control of Adipose Cell Browning and Its Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110471. [PMID: 33227979 PMCID: PMC7699191 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ in humans and has an important influence on many physiological processes throughout life. An increasing number of studies have described the different phenotypic characteristics of fat cells in adults. Perhaps one of the most important properties of fat cells is their ability to adapt to different environmental and nutritional conditions. Hypothalamic neural circuits receive peripheral signals from temperature, physical activity or nutrients and stimulate the metabolism of white fat cells. During this process, changes in lipid inclusion occur, and the number of mitochondria increases, giving these cells functional properties similar to those of brown fat cells. Recently, beige fat cells have been studied for their potential role in the regulation of obesity and insulin resistance. In this context, it is important to understand the embryonic origin of beige adipocytes, the response of adipocyte to environmental changes or modifications within the body and their ability to transdifferentiate to elucidate the roles of these cells for their potential use in therapeutic strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the origins of the different fat cells and the possible therapeutic properties of beige fat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation, (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Felipe Arroyave
- Doctoral Program in Biociencias, Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
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Qiu Y, Yang Y, Wei Y, Liu X, Feng Z, Zeng X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen L, Luo L, Ding Q. Glyburide Regulates UCP1 Expression in Adipocytes Independent of K ATP Channel Blockade. iScience 2020; 23:101446. [PMID: 32829287 PMCID: PMC7452185 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of safe and effective compounds to increase or activate UCP1 expression in brown or white adipocytes remains a potent therapeutic strategy to combat obesity. Here we reported that, glyburide, one of the FDA-approved drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes, can significantly enhance UCP1 expression in both brown and white adipocytes. Glyburide-fed mice exhibited a clear resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced blood triglyceride level, and increased UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue. Moreover, in situ injection of glyburide to inguinal white adipose tissue remarkably enhanced UCP1 expression and increased thermogenesis. Further mechanistic studies indicated that the glyburide effect in UCP1 expression in adipocytes was KATP channel independent but may involve the regulation of the Ca2+-Calcineurin-NFAT signal pathway. Overall, our findings revealed the significant effects of glyburide in regulating UCP1 expression and thermogenesis in adipocytes, which can be potentially repurposed to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yuda Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanghui Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Zeng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yongxu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Luo
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
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Kuryłowicz A, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176241. [PMID: 32872317 PMCID: PMC7504355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing obesity pandemic generates a constant need to develop new therapeutic strategies to restore the energy balance. Therefore, the concept of activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in order to increase energy expenditure has been revived. In mammals, two developmentally distinct types of brown adipocytes exist; the classical or constitutive BAT that arises during embryogenesis, and the beige adipose tissue that is recruited postnatally within white adipose tissue (WAT) in the process called browning. Research of recent years has significantly increased our understanding of the mechanisms involved in BAT activation and WAT browning. They also allowed for the identification of critical molecules and critical steps of both processes and, therefore, many new therapeutic targets. Several non-pharmacological approaches, as well as chemical compounds aiming at the induction of WAT browning and BAT activation, have been tested in vitro as well as in animal models of genetically determined and/or diet-induced obesity. The therapeutic potential of some of these strategies has also been tested in humans. In this review, we summarize present concepts regarding potential therapeutic targets in the process of BAT activation and WAT browning and available strategies aiming at them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226086591; Fax: +48-226086410
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Shang A, Gan RY, Xu XY, Mao QQ, Zhang PZ, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2061-2077. [PMID: 32462901 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become a global public health issue. It is closely associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some edible and medicinal plants show anti-obesity activity, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, legumes, edible flowers, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. Numerous studies have indicated that these plants are potential candidates for the prevention and management of obesity. The major anti-obesity mechanisms of plants include suppressing appetite, reducing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, regulating gut microbiota, and improving obesity-related inflammation. In this review, the anti-obesity activity of edible and medicinal plants was summarized based on epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with related mechanisms discussed, which provided the basis for the research and development of slimming products. Further studies should focus on the exploration of safer plants with anti-obesity activity and the identification of specific anti-obesity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pang-Zhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Stefania DS, Clodoveo ML, Cariello M, D'Amato G, Franchini C, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Polyphenols and obesity prevention: critical insights on molecular regulation, bioavailability and dose in preclinical and clinical settings. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1804-1826. [PMID: 32436425 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology in which environmental, behavioral, metabolic, and genetic factors work together. Despite the rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in the last decades, especially in children, it remains a preventable disease. To battle obesity a multisector approach promoting healthier lifestyle in terms of physical activity and nutrition is needed. Specifically, biologically active dietary compounds, as polyphenols, are able to modulate the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of obesity and its comorbidities as demonstrated by multiple studies using different obesity models. However, human studies focusing on the transcriptomic modulation by polyphenols in obese patients are still limited and do not often recapitulate the results obtained in preclinical setting likely due to the underestimation of some variables such as bioavailability, dose and form (native vs. metabolized) of polyphenols used. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art of nutrigenomic in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies as well as clinical trials based on dietary polyphenols to fight obesity. We also critical discuss the variables to be considered to fill the gap between preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Santis Stefania
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M L Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G D'Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - C Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - F Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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40
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Cerri GC, Motta-Santos D, Andrade JMO, Rezende LFD, Santos RASD, Santos SHS. Maternal obesity modulates both the renin-angiotensin system in mice dams and fetal adiposity. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108413. [PMID: 32619905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease and is currently a public health problem. Maternal obesity during pregnancy is more dangerous as it impairs the health of the mother and future generations. Obesity leads to several metabolic disorders. Since white adipose tissue is an endocrine tissue, obesity often leads to disordered secretion of inflammatory, glycemic, lipid and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. The RAS represents a link between obesity and its metabolic consequences. Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the possible changes caused by a high-fat diet in RAS-related receptor expression in the uterus and placenta of pregnant mice and determine the underlying effects of these changes in the fetuses' body composition. Breeding groups were formed after obesity induction by high-fat (HF) diet. Dams and fetuses were euthanized on the 19th day of the gestational period. The HF diet effectively induced obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice. Fetuses born from HF dams showed increased body weight and adiposity. Both results were accompanied by increased AT1R expression in placenta and uterus together with increased angiotensin-converting enzyme expression in the uterus and a decreased expression of MAS1 in placenta of HF dams. These results suggest a link between RAS, maternal obesity induced by HF diet and the fetuses' body adiposity. This new path now can be more thoroughly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cavazza Cerri
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Laboratory of Health Science, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Nursing, Center of Halth and Biological Sciences, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando de Rezende
- Laboratory of Health Science, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physiopathology, Center of Health and Biological Sciences, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Tada A, Misawa E, Tanaka M, Saito M, Nabeshima K, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Goto T, Kawada T. Investigating Anti-Obesity Effects by Oral Administration of Aloe vera Gel Extract (AVGE): Possible Involvement in Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:176-184. [PMID: 32350179 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of anti-obesity effects of Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) containing Aloe sterols. Previously, we reported that oral intake of Aloe vera components has an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. This study was designed to assess the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the anti-obesity effect of AVGE. Six-week-old male mice were divided into three groups; STD (standard diet), HFD (60% high fat diet) and AVGE (60% high fat diet with AVGE treatment). During 11 wk of AVGE administration, body weight has been monitored. Tissue samples were obtained to be measured the weight and evaluated the gene expressions. Mice treated with AVGE had suppressed body weight, and liver and fat weight gain. To investigate BAT activation, we measured the expression of mRNA related to BAT thermogenesis. Mice in the AVGE group had higher expression of Ucp1, Adrb3, and Cidea in BAT compared to HFD. Next, to investigate the possibility that AVGE induced hepatic FGF21, which is an important factor for nutrient and energy homeostasis including BAT regulation, in vitro study was conducted. HepG2 cell stimulated by AVGE were highly expressed FGF21. These results suggested that BAT activation partially contributes to mechanism of anti-obesity effect of Aloe sterols in diet-induced obesity (DIO) models. However, further study is needed to determine the predominant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Tada
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Eriko Misawa
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Marie Saito
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Kazumi Nabeshima
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C-PIER), Kyoto University
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University.,The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research (C-PIER), Kyoto University
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42
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Feeding brown fat: dietary phytochemicals targeting non-shivering thermogenesis to control body weight. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:338-356. [PMID: 32290888 PMCID: PMC7663322 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
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43
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Soto-Covasich J, Reyes-Farias M, Torres R, Vasquez K, Duarte L, Quezada J, Jimenez P, Pino M, Garcia-Nannig L, Mercado L, Garcia-Diaz D. A polyphenol-rich Calafate (Berberis microphylla) extract rescues glucose tolerance in mice fed with cafeteria diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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44
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Ali D, Chen L, Kowal JM, Okla M, Manikandan M, AlShehri M, AlMana Y, AlObaidan R, AlOtaibi N, Hamam R, Alajez NM, Aldahmash A, Kassem M, Alfayez M. Resveratrol inhibits adipocyte differentiation and cellular senescence of human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Bone 2020; 133:115252. [PMID: 31978617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a unique adipose depot originating from bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) and regulates bone homeostasis and energy metabolism. An increased BMAT volume is observed in several conditions e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and is known to be associated with bone fragility and increased risk for fracture. Therapeutic approaches to decrease the accumulation of BMAT are clinically relevant. In a screening experiment of natural compounds, we identified Resveratrol (RSV), a plant-derived antioxidant mediating biological effects via sirtuin- related mechanisms, to exert significant effects of BMAT formation. Thus, we examined in details the effects RSV on adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of tolermerized human BMSCs (hBMSC-TERT). RSV (1.0 μM) enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and inhibited adipocytic differentiation of hBMSC-TERT when compared with control and Sirtinol (Sirtuin inhibitor). Global gene expression profiling and western blot analysis revealed activation of a number of signaling pathways including focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Pharmacological inhibition of FAK using (PF-573228) and AKT inhibitor (LY-294002) (5μM), diminished RSV-induced osteoblast differentiation. In addition, RSV reduced the levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), gene markers associated with senescence (P53, P16, and P21), intracellular ROS levels and increased gene expression of enzymes protecting cells from oxidative damage (HMOX1 and SOD3). In vitro treatment of primary hBMSCs from aged patients characterized with high adipocytic and low osteoblastic differentiation ability with RSV, significantly enhanced osteoblast and decreased adipocyte formation when compared to hBMSCs from young donors. RSV targets hBMSCs and inhibits adipogenic differentiation and senescence-associated phenotype and thus a potential agent for treating conditions of increased BMAT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Li Chen
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Justyna M Kowal
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Meshail Okla
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muthurangan Manikandan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moayad AlShehri
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef AlMana
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reham AlObaidan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najd AlOtaibi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimi Hamam
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Hui S, Liu Y, Huang L, Zheng L, Zhou M, Lang H, Wang X, Yi L, Mi M. Resveratrol enhances brown adipose tissue activity and white adipose tissue browning in part by regulating bile acid metabolism via gut microbiota remodeling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1678-1690. [PMID: 32203111 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current evidence has linked dietary resveratrol (RSV) intake to the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, which may be a potential means of improving glucose homeostasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS A diet containing RSV was fed to db/db mice for 10 weeks, following which the body weight, adipose tissue accumulation, bile acid (BA) profiles, and markers of BA metabolism were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance testing, immunohistochemistry, and gut microbiota sequencing were also performed. RESULTS RSV intervention improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice, which was linked to the enhanced BAT activity and WAT browning. Moreover, RSV-treated mice exhibited altered plasma and fecal BA compositions and significant remodeling of the gut microbiota, the latter confirmed by a higher level of lithocholic acid (LCA) in the plasma and feces. LCA was identified to be the agonist of Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), which mediated the BAT activation and WAT browning by upregulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Furthermore, depletion of the gut microbiota using antibiotics partially abolished the beneficial effects of RSV against glucose intolerance. Finally, microbiota transplantation experiments demonstrated that the RSV-induced beneficial effects were transferable, indicating that these effects were largely dependent on the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that RSV administration improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing BAT activation and WAT browning, a mechanism that might partially be mediated by the gut microbiota-BA-TGR5/UCP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suocheng Hui
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hedong Lang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, 400038, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene on brown adipose tissue thermogenic activation and on white adipose tissue browning process. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:269-278. [PMID: 32170654 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is thermogenesis, a process mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and acts uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production, thereby dissipating energy as heat. White adipose tissue can also express UCP1 positive cells due to a process known as browning. This phenomenon could also increase the thermogenic effect in the classical brown adipose depots. BAT thermogenesis depends, among other factors on both, nutritional conditions and food availability. Indeed, some studies have found that BAT recruitment and function are enhanced by some food components. The present study focuses on the effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene, two phenolic compounds belonging to the stilbene group, on BAT thermogenic activation and white adipose tissue browning process. The reported studies, carried out in cell cultures and animal models, show that both resveratrol and pterostilbene induce thermogenic capacity in interscapular BAT by increasing mitochondriogenesis, as well as enhancing fatty acid oxidation and glucose disposal. In addition, resveratrol seems to promote browning by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), while the lack of changes in mitochondrial biogenesis suggests that probably the browning process occurs by direct resveratrol-mediated upregulation of ucp1 mRNA expression.
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Lee DH, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Seo HD, Ha TY, Kim MJ, Huh YH, Jung CH. Withania somnifera Extract Enhances Energy Expenditure via Improving Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020431. [PMID: 32046183 PMCID: PMC7071232 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as ashwagandha, possesses diverse biological functions. WS root has mainly been used as an herbal medicine to treat anxiety and was recently reported to have an anti-obesity effect, however, the mechanisms underlying its action remain to be explored. We hypothesized that WS exerts its anti-obesity effect by enhancing energy expenditure through improving the mitochondrial function of brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.25% or 0.5% WS 70% ethanol extract (WSE) for 10 weeks. WSE (0.5%) supplementation significantly suppressed the increases in body weight and serum lipids, and lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue induced by HFD. WSE supplementation increased oxygen consumption and enhanced mitochondrial activity in brown fat and skeletal muscle in the HFD-fed mice. In addition, it promoted browning of subcutaneous fat by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Withaferin A (WFA), a major compound of WS, enhanced the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into beige adipocytes and oxygen consumption in C2C12 murine myoblasts. These results suggest that WSE ameliorates diet-induced obesity by enhancing energy expenditure via promoting mitochondrial function in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and WFA is a key regulator in this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea; (D.-H.L.); (J.A.); (Y.-J.J.); (H.-D.S.); (T.-Y.H.); (M.J.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9301; Fax: +82-63-219-9225
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Ke L, Sun Y, Li W, Feng X, Zhu W, Chen S. Resveratrol promotes white adipocytes browning and improves metabolic disorders in Sirt1-dependent manner in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:4527-4539. [PMID: 32003501 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become an epidemic concern in modern society. The chronic obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, and cadiovascular disease, which cause high risk for mortality. The novel potential strategy to overcome obesity is to "burn out" the extra fat via "browning" of the white adipose tissues. The phytochemical resveratrol (Res) has attracted substantial attention due to its powerful amelioratory effects in metabolic diseases. However, how Res regulates the browning of adipose tissues remains largely elusive. Our data show that the NAD+ -dependent deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) mediates Res-induced browning and fat reduction of adipocytes, as well as other Res-improved metabolic phenotypes including hyperglycemina and hyperlipidemia in mice. Interestingly, we found that the major metabolites of Res in vivo (Res-3-O-glucuronide, Res-4'-O-glucuronide, and Res-3-O-sulfate) were much less potent in promoting browning gene expressions and reducing fat content in comparison to Res itself in mouse and human adipocytes in vitro, suggesting the importance and necessarity to enhance the bioavailability of Res in vivo in consideration of therapeutic application. Taken together, our findings clarify the beneficial effects of Res on excess fat utilization via promotion of browning in a Sirt1-dependent manner, suggesting the potential therapeutic application of Res in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liangru Ke
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanshuang Sun
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Feng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Liu Z, Liao W, Yin X, Zheng X, Li Q, Zhang H, Zheng L, Feng X. Resveratrol-induced brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 adipocytes partly via mTOR pathway. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3656. [PMID: 32047421 PMCID: PMC6983979 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Browning of white adipose tissues (WAT) is recognized as a novel way to combat obesity and its related comorbidities. Thus, a lot of dietary agents contributing to browning of WAT have been identified. Objective In this study, we try to explore the mechanism of the browning of WAT induced by resveratrol (Res) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods The levels of cell viability and lipid accumulation were evaluated under different concentrations of Res. Cell signaling pathway analysis was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of the WAT browning effect of Res in 3T3-L1 cells. Results We found that Res induced the brown fat-like phenotype by activating protein expressions of brown adipocyte-specific markers, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Besides, Res reduced lipid accumulation, as shown by Oil Red O staining. The increased small lipid droplets implied that Res-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes had some features of brown adipocytes. The brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced by Res was possibly mediated by activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as brown adipocyte-specific markers were decreased by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR and the MHY1485 treatment, an activator of mTOR, showed the similar effect of Res on browning markers. Conclusions Res induced brown-like adipocyte phenotype in 3T3-L1 adipocytes partly via mTOR pathway, which provided new insights into the utilization of Res to prevent obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyao Liao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Gómez-Zorita S, Rolo AP, Portillo MP. The influence of dietary conditions in the effects of resveratrol on hepatic steatosis. Food Funct 2020; 11:9432-9444. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the major cause for the development of chronic liver alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - L. Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - S. Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - A. P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - M. P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
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