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Celant M, Toro EF, Bertaglia G, Cozzio S, Caleffi V, Valiani A, Blanco PJ, Müller LO. Modeling essential hypertension with a closed-loop mathematical model for the entire human circulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3748. [PMID: 37408358 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension, defined as an increase in systemic arterial pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Every year, 9.4 million deaths worldwide are caused by complications arising from hypertension. Despite well-established approaches to diagnosis and treatment, fewer than half of all hypertensive patients have adequately controlled blood pressure. In this scenario, computational models of hypertension can be a practical approach for better quantifying the role played by different components of the cardiovascular system in the determination of this condition. In the present work we adopt a global closed-loop multi-scale mathematical model for the entire human circulation to reproduce a hypertensive scenario. In particular, we modify the model to reproduce alterations in the cardiovascular system that are cause and/or consequence of the hypertensive state. The adaptation does not only affect large systemic arteries and the heart but also the microcirculation, the pulmonary circulation and the venous system. Model outputs for the hypertensive scenario are validated through assessment of computational results against current knowledge on the impact of hypertension on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Celant
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Eleuterio F Toro
- Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, DICAM, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertaglia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Susanna Cozzio
- U.O. di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Rovereto, Azienda Sanitaria per i Servizi Provinciali di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valerio Caleffi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Pablo J Blanco
- National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petròpolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Müller
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Han WY, Kim HJ, Kwon R, Kang SM, Yon DK. Safety and Efficacy of Poly-L-Lactic Acid Filler (Gana V vs. Sculptra) Injection for Correction of the Nasolabial Fold: A Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority, Randomized, Split-Face Controlled Trial. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:1796-1805. [PMID: 37626137 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers have shown excellent results as soft tissue fillers for progressive midface volume enhancement, with long-lasting results and high patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE Herein, we investigated the safety and effectiveness of a new PLLA filler (Gana V) in comparison with those of the widely used Sculptra. METHODS This double-blind, non-inferiority, randomized, split-face controlled trial was performed in France to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of injectable Gana V compared with those of Sculptra for correction of nasolabial fold (NLF) depression. The primary outcome was improvement in NLFs, as determined using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). This trial is an interim report of the results at 6 months. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT05215054. RESULTS Fifty-five participants with moderate-to-severe NLFs (mean age 53.8 [standard deviation 8.7] years; 48 [87.3%]) female) were enrolled. After 6 months, Gana V showed improved WSRS score (mean difference - 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.49 to - 0.01) in intention-to-treat analysis, while Sculptra did not (mean difference - 0.20; 95% CI - 0.42 to 0.03). Furthermore, Gana V showed an acceptable 6-month effectiveness compared with Sculptra, within our defined non-inferiority margin (pnon-inferiority = 0.1787). The immediate results by the investigator after the initial injection showed higher satisfaction in the Gana V than in the Sculptra group. Gana V and Sculptra showed no difference in adverse reactions. Similar patterns were observed in per-protocol analyses. CONCLUSIONS Gana V is non-inferior to Sculptra with respect to the correction of NLFs and has higher investigator satisfaction. Further research is required to ensure long-term safety. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yeon Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 16995, South Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Min Kang
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- KBI Korea Biomedical research Institute, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, South Korea.
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Tchvialeva L, Phillips J, Louie DC, Zeng H, Lui H, Lee TK. Micro-relief characterization of benign and malignant skin lesions by polarization speckle analysis in vivo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:449-456. [PMID: 37138413 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE A recent direction in skin disease classification is to develop quantitative diagnostic techniques. Skin relief, colloquially known as roughness, is an important clinical feature. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel polarization speckle technique to quantitatively measure roughness on skin lesions in vivo. We then calculate the average roughness of different types of skin lesions to determine the extent to which polarization speckle roughness measurements can be used to identify skin cancer. METHODS The experimental conditions were set to target the fine relief structure on the order of ten microns within a small field of view of 3 mm. The device was tested in a clinical study on patients with malignant and benign skin lesions that resemble cancer. The cancer group includes 37 malignant melanomas (MM), 43 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), all categories confirmed by gold standard biopsy. The benign group includes 109 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 79 nevi, and 11 actinic keratoses (AK). Normal skin roughness was obtained for the same patients (301 different body sites proximal to the lesion). RESULTS The average root mean squared (rms) roughness ± standard error of the mean for MM and nevus was equal to 19 ± 5 μm and 21 ± 3 μm, respectively. Normal skin has rms roughness of 31 ± 3 μm, other lesions have roughness of 35 ± 10 μm (AK), 35 ± 7 μm (SCC), 31 ± 4 μm (SK), and 30 ± 5 μm (BCC). CONCLUSION An independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test indicates that MM and nevus can be separated from each of the tested types of lesions, except each other. These results quantify clinical knowledge of lesion roughness and could be useful for optical cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jamie Phillips
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel C Louie
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Imaging Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Imaging Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim K Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Avila FR, Torres-Guzman RA, Maita KC, Garcia JP, Haider CR, Ho OA, Carter RE, McLeod CJ, Bruce CJ, Forte AJ. Perceived Age as a Mortality and Comorbidity Predictor: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:442-454. [PMID: 35650301 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perceived age is defined as how old a person looks to external evaluators. It reflects the underlying biological age, which is a measure based on physical and physiological parameters reflecting a person's aging process more accurately than chronological age. People with a higher biological age have shorter lives compared to those with a lower biological age with the same chronological age. Our review aims to find whether increased perceived age is a risk factor for overall mortality risk or comorbidities. METHODS A literature search of three databases was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines for studies analyzing perceived age or isolated facial characteristics of old age and their relationship to mortality risk or comorbidity outcomes. Data on the number of patients, type and characteristics of evaluation methods, evaluator characteristics, mean chronologic age, facial characteristics studied, measured outcomes, and study results were collected. RESULTS Out of 977 studies, 15 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies found an increase in mortality risk of 6-51% in older-looking people compared to controls (HR 1.06-1.51, p < 0.05). In addition, perceived age and some facial characteristics of old age were also associated with cardiovascular risk and myocardial infarction, cognitive function, bone mineral density, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CONCLUSION Perceived age promises to be a clinically useful predictor of overall mortality and cardiovascular, pulmonary, cognitive, and osseous comorbidities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Avila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Karla C Maita
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - John P Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Clifton R Haider
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Olivia A Ho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Charles J Bruce
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Cheng S, Lou Z, Zhang L, Guo H, Wang Z, Guo C, Fukuda K, Ma S, Wang G, Someya T, Cheng HM, Xu X. Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin-Integrated Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206793. [PMID: 36267034 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
On-skin electronics that offer revolutionary capabilities in personalized diagnosis, therapeutics, and human-machine interfaces require seamless integration between the skin and electronics. A common question remains whether an ideal interface can be introduced to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft skin, allowing the skin to breathe freely and the skin-integrated electronics to function stably. Here, an ever-thinnest hydrogel is reported that is compliant to the glyphic lines and subtle minutiae on the skin without forming air gaps, produced by a facile cold-lamination method. The hydrogels exhibit high water-vapor permeability, allowing nearly unimpeded transepidermal water loss and free breathing of the skin underneath. Hydrogel-interfaced flexible (opto)electronics without causing skin irritation or accelerated device performance deterioration are demonstrated. The long-term applicability is recorded for over one week. With combined features of extreme mechanical compliance, high permeability, and biocompatibility, the ultrathin hydrogel interface promotes the general applicability of skin-integrated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Cheng
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zirui Lou
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zitian Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanfei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science and Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Center for Emergent Matter Science and Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Gougeon S, Hernandez E, Chevrot N, Vergne T, Cherel M, Prestat-Marquis E, Jomier M, Burty-Valin E. Evaluation of a new connected portable camera for the analysis of skin microrelief and the assessment of the effect of skin moisturisers. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13190. [PMID: 36541033 PMCID: PMC9838641 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicone replicas and non-contact methods are effective methods to analyse the micrometric scale of the skin microrelief. Yet, they imply data capture in research facilities. The capabilities of a new connected portable camera were evaluated to analyse microrelief under nomadic conditions, also studying the effect of moisturisers. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D depth maps were constructed using shape-from-shading algorithms. Roughness heterogeneity (Spa) was computed, and skin profiles were extracted to calculate roughness amplitude (Ra, Rq), as well as furrows/plateaus characteristics. Validation of the connected camera was performed on tanned cowhide leather and on the inner forearm skin of a single subject. The forearms of 18 subjects (23-60 years old) were also evaluated. While living their regular life, they self-performed triplicate acquisitions at various times. The effects of a placebo and of cream containing moisturisers-saccharide isomerate, urea or xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol-were investigated, using untreated control skin as a reference. RESULTS Validation of the device on leather and forearm skin shows high repeatability. The 18 subjects show the known correlation between age and changes in microrelief. While testing formulas, 8 h after a single application, all decreased Spa (-1.6/-2.1 folds). Only saccharide isomerate and xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol decreased Ra (-2.4/-2.8 folds). The sectional area of plateaus was reduced from -1.5 (urea) to -2.1 folds (xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol). The height of plateaus is also decreased by all moisturisers, from -1.5 (urea) to -2.1 folds (xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol). CONCLUSION This novel camera device enables microrelief analysis under nomadic conditions, allowing monitoring its changes along the day and upon moisturisers' application.
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Bachy M, Bosser C, Villain B, Aurégan JC. Quantification of Microstructural Changes in the Dermis of Elderly Women Using Morphometric Indices of the Skin Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8258. [PMID: 36431743 PMCID: PMC9697656 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was the development of a non-invasive mathematical marker of the skin surface, the characteristic length, to predict the microstructure of the dermis. This marker, at the individual level, is intended to provide the biological age of the patient in the context of personalised medicine for the elderly. STUDY DESIGN To validate this hypothesis, a clinical study was conducted on 22 women over 60 years old from a population of osteoporotic subjects who sustained a femoral neck fracture: a morphological analysis of the skin surface was performed on the patient's forearm and quantitatively compared with microarchitectural parameters of the dermis. MAJOR RESULTS The Elastin-to-Collagen ratio measured on dermis samples ranged between 0.007 and 0.084, with a mean of 0.035 ± 0.02. The surface characteristic length ranged between 0.90 and 2.621, with a mean of 0.64 ± 0.51. A very strong correlation was found between this characteristic length and the Elastin-to-Collagen ratio (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS This study proposes an original diagnostic tool based on morphometric indices of the skin surface and shows a direct quantitative relationship with the dermis microarchitecture and its collagen and elastin content. The proposed method allows reliable and easy access to the intrinsic ageing of the dermis, which would be a strong biomarker in a personalised collagen treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bachy
- B3OA, UMR7052, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bosser
- HealthDataSciences, 45 Chemin du Barthélémy, 69260 Charbonnières les Bains, France
| | - Benoît Villain
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, 92140 Clamart, France
- CIAMS, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Orléans University, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Jean-Charles Aurégan
- B3OA, UMR7052, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, 92140 Clamart, France
- CIAMS, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Orléans University, 45067 Orléans, France
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Yap MH, Batool N, Ng CC, Rogers M, Walker K. A Survey on Facial Wrinkles Detection and Inpainting: Datasets, Methods, and Challenges. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tetci.2021.3075723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Age-related changes in the vasculature of the dermis of the upper lip vermilion. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3551-3560. [PMID: 31170092 PMCID: PMC6594803 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lip redness is unique to humans and creates an important facial impression, but this redness decreases with age. Here, using histological and immunohistological staining of human upper lip vermilion from donors of different ages, we investigated blood vessels in the upper lip dermis and age-dependent histological changes. We found that both total vessel area in the dermis and vessel number in the upper dermis decreased with aging. Moreover, vessel number in the upper dermis correlated positively with development of rete ridges, which flattened with age, despite no significant change in the thickness of the stratified squamous epithelium. These findings suggest that age-related reductions in lip redness result from a decrease of blood vessels, which in turn leads to a flattening of the epithelium caused by the loss of rete ridges. This is the first study to histologically demonstrate age-related reductions in blood vessels in the lip. Our results provide an opportunity for enhancing blood flow/vascularization to improve the aesthetic appearance of the lips in the elderly.
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Maiti R, Duan M, Danby SG, Lewis R, Matcher SJ, Carré MJ. Morphological parametric mapping of 21 skin sites throughout the body using optical coherence tomography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 102:103501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pino L, de Souza MDGC, Lupi O, Bouskela E. Tuberculoid leprosy: An in vivo microvascular evaluation of cutaneous lesions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227654. [PMID: 31929590 PMCID: PMC6957169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) is characterized by cutaneous lesions called plaques. Although microvascular ultrastructure of TT patients’ skin is well-documented, little is known about functional aspects of their microcirculation. We aimed, for the first time, to evaluate, in vivo, the microcirculation of TT cutaneous lesions. Seven TT patients, males, under treatment were included in the study. The spectral analysis of frequency components of flowmotion (endothelial, sympathetic, myogenic, cardiac and respiratory) was performed using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatations were assessed by LDF associated to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) iontophoresis, respectively. Vessel density (VD), perfused vessel density (PVD), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV%), microvascular flow index (MFI) and flow heterogeneity index (FHI), reflecting tissue perfusion and oxygenation, were evaluated through sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging. All microvascular analysis were performed in TT lesions and in healthy skin in the contralateral limb of the same patient, used as control skin. VD, PVD and PPV% and MFI were significantly lower in the cutaneous lesion compared to contralateral healthy skin. The contribution of different frequency components of flowmotion, endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatations and FHI were not statistically different between control skin and cutaneous lesion. Our results suggest that TT cutaneous lesions have a significant impairment of tissue perfusion, which may aggravate peripheral nerve degeneration caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Omar Lupi
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UniRio), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Torossian K, Benayoun S, Ottenio M, Brulez AC. Guidelines for designing a realistic peripheral venous catheter insertion simulator: A literature review. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:963-978. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411919864786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A literature review was conducted to develop more realistic medical simulators that better prepare aspiring health professionals to perform a medical procedure in vivo. Thus, this review proposes an approach that might assist researchers design improved medical simulators, particularly new materials that would enhance the sensation of touch for skin substitutes. By targeting the current needs in the field of simulation learning, we concluded that peripheral venous catheter insertion simulators lack realistic haptic feedback. Enhanced peripheral venous catheter insertion simulators will accelerate the mastery of the medical procedure, thus decreasing the number of failures in patients and costs related to this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Torossian
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR CNRS 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Benayoun
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, UMR CNRS 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Écully, France
| | - Mélanie Ottenio
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Brulez
- Laboratoire de Génie de la Fonctionnalisation des Matériaux Polymères, Institut Textile et Chimique de Lyon, Écully, France
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Louie DC, Phillips J, Tchvialeva L, Kalia S, Lui H, Wang W, Lee TK. Degree of optical polarization as a tool for detecting melanoma: proof of principle. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 30554501 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.125004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the optical polarization properties of a skin lesion is a proposed method to differentiate melanoma from other skin lesions. We developed an in vivo Stokes polarimetry probe that fires a laser of known polarization at the skin and measures the Stokes parameters of the backscattered light in one shot. From these measured Stokes parameters, we can calculate the degree of polarization (DOP). Through testing on rough skin phantoms, a correlation between backscattered DOP and skin roughness was identified for both linear and circular input polarization, the latter of which was found to be more useful. In a pilot clinical trial of 69 skin lesions in vivo, it was found that the mean DOP for melanoma (linear input on melanoma: 0.46 ± 0.09) was greater than that of other lesions (linear input on all other lesions: 0.28 ± 0.01). This separation is greater for circular polarized input light, and it is likely that circular polarized light's greater sensitivity to surface roughness contributes to this result. In addition, all skin lesions demonstrated a stronger depolarizing effect on circular polarized light than linear polarized light. We have identified DOP as a potentially useful measurement to identify melanoma among other types of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Louie
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Jamie Phillips
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Lioudmila Tchvialeva
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Sunil Kalia
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tim K Lee
- University of British Columbia, School of Biomedical Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
- University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Department of Dermat, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada
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Alencar-Silva T, Braga MC, Santana GOS, Saldanha-Araujo F, Pogue R, Dias SC, Franco OL, Carvalho JL. Breaking the frontiers of cosmetology with antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2019-2031. [PMID: 30118811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are mostly endogenous, cationic, amphipathic polypeptides, produced by many natural sources. Recently, many biological functions beyond antimicrobial activity have been attributed to AMPs, and some of these have attracted the attention of the cosmetics industry. AMPs have revealed antioxidant, self-renewal and pro-collagen effects, which are desirable in anti-aging cosmetics. Additionally, AMPs may also be customized to act on specific cellular targets. Here, we review the recent literature that highlights the many possibilities presented by AMPs, focusing on the relevance and impact that this potentially novel class of active cosmetic ingredients might have in the near future, creating new market outlooks for the cosmetic industry with these molecules as a viable alternative to conventional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carolina Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliveira Silva Santana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Universidade de Brasília, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília/DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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15
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Kimori K, Konya C, Matsumoto M. Venipuncture-Induced Hematomas Alter Skin Barrier Function in the Elderly Patients. SAGE Open Nurs 2018; 4:2377960818782050. [PMID: 33415195 PMCID: PMC7774392 DOI: 10.1177/2377960818782050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the barrier function of the skin site with the color of hematoma induced by venipuncture and the area surrounding the skin site to help improve skin care for hospitalized elderly patients. There were 50 patients with a median age of 84 years who were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the hematoma site-induced venipuncture and the area surrounding the hematoma site in terms of transepidermal water loss and skin sebum level. The status of stratum corneum hydration and skin elasticity on the hematoma sites was significantly lower than that on nonhematoma sites. The median skin pH was significantly higher on hematoma sites than that on nonhematoma sites. The study variables did not reveal any significant correlation with the intensity of skin erythema. These findings showed that hematoma formation in the subcutaneous tissue affected the skin barrier function and that these sites need moisturizing skin care regardless of the intensity of skin erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kimori
- Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Chizuko Konya
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Department of Clinical Nursing, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Nishizaka T, Nomura T, Higuchi K, Takemura A, Ishihara A. Mild hyperbaric oxygen activates the proliferation of epidermal basal cells in aged mice. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1141-1144. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Nomura
- Skin Care Research Laboratory; Kao Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Ai Takemura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science; Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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17
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Lee K, Kim M, Kim K. 3D skin surface reconstruction from a single image by merging global curvature and local texture using the guided filtering for 3D haptic palpation. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:672-685. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Lee
- 3D Information Processing Lab.; Department of Electronics and Information Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - M. Kim
- 3D Information Processing Lab.; Department of Electronics and Information Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - K. Kim
- Haptic Engineering Research Lab.; Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering; Incheon National University; Incheon Korea
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18
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He YF, Dong YM, Li L, Meng H. Whitening function of Chinese traditional medicine formula via laser Doppler technology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1413419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan He
- Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Sciences, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yin Mao Dong
- Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Sciences, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Sciences, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong Meng
- Department of Cosmetic Science, School of Sciences, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
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Dąbrowska AK, Spano F, Derler S, Adlhart C, Spencer ND, Rossi RM. The relationship between skin function, barrier properties, and body-dependent factors. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:165-174. [PMID: 29057509 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin is a multilayer interface between the body and the environment, responsible for many important functions, such as temperature regulation, water transport, sensation, and protection from external triggers. OBJECTIVES This paper provides an overview of principal factors that influence human skin and describes the diversity of skin characteristics, its causes and possible consequences. It also discusses limitations in the barrier function of the skin, describing mechanisms of absorption. METHODS There are a number of in vivo investigations focusing on the diversity of human skin characteristics with reference to barrier properties and body-dependent factors. RESULTS Skin properties vary among individuals of different age, gender, ethnicity, and skin types. In addition, skin characteristics differ depending on the body site and can be influenced by the body-mass index and lifestyle. Although one of the main functions of the skin is to act as a barrier, absorption of some substances remains possible. CONCLUSIONS Various factors can alter human skin properties, which can be reflected in skin function and the quality of everyday life. Skin properties and function are strongly interlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dąbrowska
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Spano
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - S Derler
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Adlhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, ZHAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - N D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R M Rossi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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20
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Humeau-Heurtier A, Mahé G, Hunault G, Gascoin L, Abraham P. Multiscale Poincaré plot analysis of time series from laser speckle contrast imaging data. Biomed Signal Process Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Treu C, de Souza MDGC, Lupi O, Sicuro FL, Maranhão PA, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E. Structural and functional changes in the microcirculation of lepromatous leprosy patients - Observation using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging and laser Doppler flowmetry iontophoresis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175743. [PMID: 28419120 PMCID: PMC5395185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae and is considered the main infectious cause of disability worldwide. Despite the several studies regarding leprosy, little is known about its effects on microvascular structure and function in vivo. Thus, we have aimed to compare skin capillary structure and functional density, cutaneous vasomotion (spontaneous oscillations of arteriolar diameter), which ensures optimal blood flow distribution to skin capillaries) and cutaneous microvascular blood flow and reactivity between ten men with lepromatous leprosy (without any other comorbidity) and ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging was used to evaluate skin capillary morphology and functional density and laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate blood flow, vasomotion and spectral analysis of flowmotion (oscillations of blood flow generated by vasomotion) and microvascular reactivity, in response to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. The contribution of different frequency components of flowmotion (endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory and cardiac) was not statistically different between groups. However, endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilatations elicited by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis, respectively, were significantly reduced in lepromatous leprosy patients compared to controls, characterizing the existence of microvascular dysfunction. These patients also presented a significant increase in the number of capillaries with morphological abnormalities and in the diameters of the dermal papilla and capillary bulk when compared to controls. Our results suggest that lepromatous leprosy causes severe microvascular dysfunction and significant alterations in capillary structure. These structural and functional changes are probably induced by exposure of the microvascular bed to chronic inflammation evoked by the Mycobacterium leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Treu
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Omar Lupi
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Ambulatório de Obesidade, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Korn V, Surber C, Imanidis G. Skin Surface Topography and Texture Analysis of Sun-Exposed Body Sites in View of Sunscreen Application. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 29:291-299. [PMID: 28052293 DOI: 10.1159/000450760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine the roughness of the surface of human skin at highly sun-exposed anatomical sites in a wide age range in order to derive consequences for sunscreen application. METHODS The forehead, cheek, nose, shoulder, and dorsal hand of 4 age groups (0-9, 20-39, 40-59, and >60 years) were investigated by replica formation, and areal topography was determined by confocal chromatic imaging. The arithmetic mean height as a roughness parameter and the void volume of the surface profile were calculated. RESULTS Age and site had a significant effect on roughness. Both the dorsal hand and nose exhibited the greatest roughness over the age of 40, and the forehead of the youngest age group exhibited the smallest roughness. Differentiation between sites progressed with age, whereas roughness increased significantly with age for the dorsal hand and nose but not for the other sites. The void volume was smaller than the volume corresponding to the typically recommended amount of sunscreen application except for the cases of largest roughness. CONCLUSIONS Different site-age combinations show significant variation of skin surface roughness. The application of sunscreen may in some instances need to be adjusted to take into account the increased roughness of highly sun-exposed anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Korn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Yoshida-Amano Y, Nomura T, Sugiyama Y, Iwata K, Higaki Y, Tanahashi M. Dry skin conditions are related to the recovery rate of skin temperature after cold stress rather than to blood flow. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:176-183. [PMID: 27917468 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous blood flow plays an important role in the thermoregulation, oxygen supply, and nutritional support necessary to maintain the skin. However, there is little evidence for a link between blood flow and skin physiology. Therefore, we conducted surveys of healthy volunteers to determine the relationship(s) between dry skin properties and cutaneous vascular function. METHODS Water content of the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss, and visual dryness score were investigated as dry skin parameters. Cutaneous blood flow in the resting state, the recovery rate (RR) of skin temperature on the hand after a cold-stress test, and the responsiveness of facial skin blood flow to local cooling were examined as indices of cutaneous vascular functions. The relationships between dry skin parameters and cutaneous vascular functions were assessed. RESULTS The RR correlated negatively with the visual dryness score of skin on the leg but correlated positively with water content of the stratum corneum on the arm. No significant correlation between the resting state of blood flow and dry skin parameters was observed. In both the face and the body, deterioration in skin dryness from summer to winter was significant in subjects with low RR. The RR correlated well with the responsiveness of facial skin blood flow to local cooling, indicating that the RR affects systemic dry skin conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the RR but not blood flow at the resting state is associated with dry skin conditions and is involved in skin homeostasis during seasonal environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Nomura
- Biological Science Laboratory, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kayoko Iwata
- Lifestyle Research Center, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Higaki
- Institute of Women's Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Maiti R, Gerhardt LC, Lee ZS, Byers RA, Woods D, Sanz-Herrera JA, Franklin SE, Lewis R, Matcher SJ, Carré MJ. In vivo measurement of skin surface strain and sub-surface layer deformation induced by natural tissue stretching. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:556-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ma L, Tan Y, Zheng S, Li J, Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X. Correlation study between image features and mechanical properties of Han Chinese facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:93-100. [PMID: 27490521 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ma
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Y. Tan
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - S. Zheng
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - J. Li
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - C. Jiang
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Z. Chen
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
| | - X. Wang
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Shanghai 200443 China
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26
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Kim DH, Rhyu YS, Ahn HH, Hwang E, Uhm CS. Skin microrelief profiles as a cutaneous aging index. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:407-414. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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High-definition optical coherence tomography intrinsic skin ageing assessment in women: a pilot study. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:705-20. [PMID: 26066511 PMCID: PMC4572052 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several non-invasive two-dimensional techniques with different lateral resolution and measurable depth range have proved to be useful in assessing and quantifying morphological changes in skin ageing. Among these, only in vivo microscopy techniques permit histometric measurements in vivo. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related (IAR) morphological changes of epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), papillary dermis (PD), papillary-reticular dermis junction and reticular
dermis (RD) have been performed by high-definition optical coherence tomography in real time 3-D. HD-OCT images were taken at the internal site of the right upper arm. Qualitative HD-OCT IAR descriptors were reported at skin surface, at epidermal layer, DEJ, PD and upper RD. Quantitative evaluation of age-related compaction and backscattered intensity or brightness of different skin layers was performed by using the plugin plot z-axis profile of ImageJ® software permitting intensity assessment of HD-OCT (DICOM) images (3-D images). Analysis was in blind from all clinical information. Sixty, fair-skinned (Fitzpatrick types I–III) healthy females were analysed retrospectively in this study. The subjects belonged to three age groups: twenty in group I aged 20–39, twenty in group II aged 40–59 and twenty in group III aged 60–79. Only intrinsic ageing in women has been studied. Significant age-related qualitative and quantitative differences could be noticed. IAR changes in dermal matrix fibers morphology/organisation and in microvasculature were observed. The brightness and compaction of the different skin layers increased significantly with intrinsic skin ageing. The depth of visibility of fibers in RD increased significantly in the older age group. In conclusion, HD-OCT allows 3-D in vivo and real time qualitative and quantitative assessment of chronological (intrinsic) age-related morphological skin changes at high resolution from skin surface to a depth of the superficial reticular dermis.
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Khalil A, Humeau-Heurtier A, Mahé G, Abraham P. Laser speckle contrast imaging: age-related changes in microvascular blood flow and correlation with pulse-wave velocity in healthy subjects. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051010. [PMID: 25423123 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the cardiovascular system, the macrocirculation and microcirculation—two subsystems—can be affected by aging. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is an emerging noninvasive optical technique that allows the monitoring of microvascular function and can help, using specific data processing, to understand the relationship between the subsystems. Using LSCI, the goals of this study are: (i) to assess the aging effect over microvascular parameters (perfusion and moving blood cells velocity, MBCV) and macrocirculation parameters (pulse-wave velocity, PWV) and (ii) to study the relationship between these parameters. In 16 healthy subjects (20 to 62 years old), perfusion and MBCV computed from LSCI are studied in three physiological states: rest, vascular occlusion, and post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH). MBCV is computed from a model of velocity distribution. During PORH, the experimental results show a relationship between perfusion and age (R(2) = 0.67) and between MBCV and age (R(2) = 0.72), as well as between PWV and age at rest (R(2) = 0.91). A relationship is also found between perfusion and MBCV for all physiological states (R(2) = 0.98). Relationships between microcirculation and macrocirculation (perfusion-PWV or MBCV-PWV) are found only during PORH with R(2) = 0.76 and R(2) = 0.77, respectively. This approach may prove useful for investigating dysregulation in blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Khalil
- University of Angers, LARIS-Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systémes, 62 Avenue Notre-Dame du Lac, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Anne Humeau-Heurtier
- University of Angers, LARIS-Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systémes, 62 Avenue Notre-Dame du Lac, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mahé
- Pôle Imagerie Médicale et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Inserm CIC 1414, Hospital Pontchaillou of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, 35033 Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Abraham
- University of Angers, Hospital of Angers, Laboratoire de Physiologie et d'Explorations Vasculaires UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM 1083, 49033 Angers Cedex 01, France
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Barker A. Skin structure. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tai YL, Yang ZG. Flexible pressure sensing film based on ultra-sensitive SWCNT/PDMS spheres for monitoring human pulse signals. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5436-5441. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are essential components of an electronic skin for future attractive applications ranging from human healthcare monitoring to biomedical diagnostics to robotic skins to prosthetic limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Long Tai
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Zhen-Guo Yang
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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Vionnet J, Calero-Romero I, Heim A, Rotaru C, Engelberger RP, Dischl B, Noël B, Liaudet L, Waeber B, Feihl F. No Major Impact of Skin Aging on the Response of Skin Blood Flow to a Submaximal Local Thermal Stimulus. Microcirculation 2014; 21:730-7. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vionnet
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Irene Calero-Romero
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Abigaël Heim
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Corina Rotaru
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rolf Peter Engelberger
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Benoît Dischl
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bernard Noël
- Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Service de Médecine Intensive de l'Adulte; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bernard Waeber
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - François Feihl
- Division de Physiopathologie Clinique; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
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Diao DY, Tchvialeva L, Dhadwal G, Lui H, McLean DI, Lee TK. Durable rough skin phantoms for optical modeling. Phys Med Biol 2013; 59:485-92. [PMID: 24374909 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/2/485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin phantoms are often used to study and model light propagation. However, existing skin phantoms overlook the important effect of surface roughness on light propagation patterns. This paper reports the construction of durable phantoms with controllable surface roughness and bulk optical properties. With silica microspheres as the scattering particles, we theoretically model the scatterer density required to achieve the desired phantom optical properties before fabrication. The surface roughness and the attenuation coefficients of the constructed phantoms were validated using optical profilometry and ballistic spatial filter photometry. These rough skin phantoms were originally developed for laser speckle studies, but could also be used for studying optical phenomena where light experiences surface and bulk scattering at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Y Diao
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4E8, Canada
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Holmgaard R, Benfeldt E, Sorensen JA, Nielsen JB. Chronological age affects the permeation of fentanyl through human skin in vitro. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 26:155-9. [PMID: 23736084 DOI: 10.1159/000348876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of chronological age on fentanyl permeation through human skin in vitro using static diffusion cells. Elderly individuals are known to be more sensitive to opioids and obtain higher plasma concentrations following dermal application of fentanyl compared to younger individuals. The influence of age - as an isolated pharmacokinetic term - on the absorption of fentanyl has not been previously studied. METHOD Human skin from 30 female donors was mounted in static diffusion cells, and samples were collected during 48 h. Donors were divided into three age groups: <30 years of age (n = 6), ≥30 and <60 years of age (n = 18) and ≥60 years of age (n = 6). RESULTS The youngest group had a significantly higher mean absorption (3,100 ng/cm(2)) than the two other groups (2,000 and 1,475 ng/cm(2), respectively) and a significant larger AUC (young age group: 9,393 ng; middle and old age groups: 5,922 and 4,050 ng, respectively). Furthermore, the lag time and absorption rate were different between the three groups, with a significantly higher rate in the young participants versus the oldest participants. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that fentanyl permeates the skin of young individuals in greater amounts and at a higher absorption rate than in middle-aged and old individuals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holmgaard
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde Sygehus, Roskilde, Denmark.
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34
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Wheller L, Lin LL, Chai E, Sinnya S, Soyer HP, Prow TW. Noninvasive methods for the assessment of photoageing. Australas J Dermatol 2013; 54:290-5. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wheller
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lynlee L Lin
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Eric Chai
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sudipta Sinnya
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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35
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Cula GO, Bargo PR, Nkengne A, Kollias N. Assessing facial wrinkles: automatic detection and quantification. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:e243-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. O. Cula
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Company; Skillman; NJ; USA
| | - P. R. Bargo
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Company; Skillman; NJ; USA
| | - A. Nkengne
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Company; Skillman; NJ; USA
| | - N. Kollias
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Company; Skillman; NJ; USA
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36
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Relationship between microstructure of the skin surface and surface reflection based on geometric optics. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 66:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Elsner P, Fluhr JW, Gehring W, Kerscher MJ, Krutmann J, Lademann J, Makrantonaki E, Wilhelm KP, Zouboulis CC. Anti-Aging Data and Support Claims - Consensus Statement. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 9 Suppl 3:S1-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0379.2011.07746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rendon MI, Cardona LM, Pinzon-Plazas M. Treatment of the aged hand with injectable poly-l-lactic acid. J COSMET LASER THER 2011; 12:284-7. [PMID: 21142738 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2010.538410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of injectable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) for volume restoration in a 45-year-old white female who was concerned about the appearance of her hands. The patient expressed a desire for long-term restoration, and selected injectable PLLA because of its known 2-year duration of effect, although she was informed that injectable PLLA is not FDA-approved for use in the hands. After reconstitution with 8 ml of diluent plus lidocaine, 0.1-0.2-ml aliquots of injectable PLLA were injected into selected sites, up to 5 ml per hand. The patient underwent three identical treatments, followed by postinjection use of moisturizing cream and massage; improvement in appearance was noted by the patient between the second and third treatments. Correction was maintained for at least 18 months, with no adverse events. We have also briefly reviewed the literature on the use of injectable PLLA for volume restoration in the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Rendon
- Dermatology & Aesthetic Center/Skin Care Research, Inc., Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA.
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39
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Zhong J, Hu N, Xiong X, Lei Q, Li L. A novel promising therapy for skin aging: Dermal multipotent stem cells against photoaged skin by activation of TGF-β/Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:343-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Gao Q, Hu LW, Wang Y, Xu WY, Ouyang NN, Dong GQ, Shi ST, Liu Y. Skin texture parameters of the dorsal hand in evaluating skin aging in China. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:420-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Krueger N, Luebberding S, Oltmer M, Streker M, Kerscher M. Age-related changes in skin mechanical properties: a quantitative evaluation of 120 female subjects. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:141-8. [PMID: 21281361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The most commonly used method to determine the mechanical ability of skin is the creep test using suction chamber devices. Until now, there is no scientific consensus upon which skin deformation parameters and which body sites are particularly suitable to describe age-related changes in human skin mechanics. The aim of this study was to find those mechanical skin parameters best representing influence of aging at five different body sites. METHODS A total of 120 healthy women aged 18-65, divided into four similar age groups, were included in this study. The biomechanical properties of the skin were measured using the Cutometer® MPA 580 on five body sites: cheek, neck, cleavage, volar forearm and back of the hand. In order to analyze parameters referred to 1 mm skin thickness, we also used 20 MHz sonography (DUB 20). RESULTS A high average correlation with age was found for the parameters U(a)/U(f), U(r)/U(e), U(r), U(r)/U(f) and U(a). Only low correlation with age was found for the parameters U(v)/U(e), U(f)-U(a), U(f5)/U(f), U(d)/U(f) and U(a5). The localizations cheek, forearm and neck showed the highest correlation with age, while cleavage showed only low correlation. CONCLUSION According to the results of our study, we recommend the parameter ratio of elastic recovery to distensibility (U(r)/U(f) ) as well as the gross elasticity (U(a)/U(f)) for evaluation of aging effects on the mechanical properties of skin. Their high correlation with age makes them particularly applicable to represent the influence of aging onto skin mechanical properties. Most suitable localizations to evaluate skin aging are cheek, forearm and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Cosmetic Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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42
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Sopher R, Gefen A. Effects of skin wrinkles, age and wetness on mechanical loads in the stratum corneum as related to skin lesions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 49:97-105. [PMID: 20717736 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Finite element models of skin were developed to determine the effects of wetness, age, and wrinkles on mechanical strains and stresses in the stratum corneum (SC) as related to skin lesions. We modeled two geometries, young (0.12-mm-deep wrinkles) and aged (0.18-mm-deep wrinkles), and for each geometry, three loading conditions were applied (compression in a dry environment, compression and shear in dryness, and compression with shear in wetness). Effects of skin wrinkling were studied independently or while coupled with age-related mechanical property changes. For each simulation, we calculated the peak maximal shear strain and stress in the SC, peak shear stress on the skin surface, and volumetric exposure of the SC to potentially injurious shear stresses (<70 kPa). Compression and shear with wetness produced the highest skin surface loads. Volumetric exposure of aged skin to potentially injurious shear stresses was six times greater than in the young skin for these conditions. Deeper wrinkles caused elevated loads in the SC consistently for all outcome measures and independently of the age factor. Thinning and/or stiffening the SC increased both the surface and internal SC stresses. Our findings indicate that theoretically, wetness, skin aging, and/or skin wrinkling are all risk factors for skin lesions such as superficial pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sopher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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McNamee DA, Corbacio M, Weller JK, Brown S, Stodilka RZ, Prato FS, Bureau Y, Thomas AW, Legros AG. The response of the human circulatory system to an acute 200-μT, 60-Hz magnetic field exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 84:267-77. [PMID: 20496180 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-010-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research by the authors on the effects of extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) exposure on human heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin blood perfusion found no cardiovascular effects of exposure to an 1,800-μT, 60-Hz MF. Research from our group using rats, however, has suggested a microcirculatory response to a 200-μT, 60-Hz MF exposure. The present pilot study investigated the effects of 1 h of exposure to a 200-μT, 60-Hz MF on the human circulation. Microcirculation (as skin blood perfusion) and HR were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. Mean arterial pressure was monitored with a non-invasive blood pressure system. METHODS Ten volunteers were recruited to partake in a counterbalanced, single-blinded study consisting of two testing sessions (real and sham exposure) administered on separate days. Each session included four consecutive measurement periods separated by rest, allowing assessment of cumulative and residual MF effects. RESULTS A within-subjects analysis of variance did not reveal session by time period interactions for any of the parameters which would have been suggestive of a MF effect (p > 0.05). Perfusion, HR, and skin surface temperature decreased over the course of the experiment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The MF used in this experiment did not affect perfusion, HR, or mean arterial pressure. Decreasing perfusion and HR trends over time were similar to our previous results and appear to be associated with a combination of inactivity (resulting in decreasing body temperatures) and reduced physiological arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McNamee
- Bioelectromagnetics, Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada
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Risher JF, Todd GD, Meyer D, Zunker CL. The elderly as a sensitive population in environmental exposures: making the case. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 207:95-157. [PMID: 20652665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6406-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The US population is aging. CDC has estimated that 20% of all Americans will be 65 or older by the year 2030. As a part of the aging process, the body gradually deteriorates and physiologic and metabolic limitations arise. Changes that occur in organ anatomy and function present challenges for dealing with environmental stressors of all kinds, ranging from temperature regulation to drug metabolism and excretion. The elderly are not just older adults, but rather are individuals with unique challenges and different medical needs than younger adults. The ability of the body to respond to physiological challenge presented by environmental chemicals is dependent upon the health of the organ systems that eliminate those substances from the body. Any compromise in the function of those organ systems may result in a decrease in the body's ability to protect itself from the adverse effects of xenobiotics. To investigate this issue, we performed an organ system-by-organ system review of the effects of human aging and the implications for such aging on susceptibility to drugs and xenobiotics. Birnbaum (1991) reported almost 20 years ago that it was clear that the pharmacokinetic behavior of environmental chemicals is, in many cases, altered during aging. Yet, to date, there is a paucity of data regarding recorded effects of environmental chemicals on elderly individuals. As a result, we have to rely on what is known about the effects of aging and the existing data regarding the metabolism, excretion, and adverse effects of prescription medications in that population to determine whether the elderly might be at greater risk when exposed to environmental substances. With increasing life expectancy, more and more people will confront the problems associated with advancing years. Moreover, although proper diet and exercise may lessen the immediate severity of some aspects of aging, the process will continue to gradually degrade the ability to cope with a variety of injuries and diseases. Thus, the adverse effects of long-term, low-level exposure to environmental substances will have a longer time to be manifested in a physiologically weakened elderly population. When such exposures are coupled with concurrent exposure to prescription medications, the effects could be devastating. Public health officials must be knowledgeable about the sensitivity of the growing elderly population, and ensure that the use of health guidance values (HGVs) for environmental contaminants and other substances give consideration to this physiologically compromised segment of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Risher
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology (F-32), Toxicology Information Branch, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Anatomical evaluation of oral microcirculation: capillary characteristics associated with sex or age group. Ann Anat 2009; 191:371-8. [PMID: 19541466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are various types of oral mucosa specific to different parts of the mouth and each of these has a unique histological structure. The variations in the epithelial structure are consistently related to observable differences in the underlying microcirculation: i.e. differences in the course, conformation, and density of capillaries. The aim of this research has been to investigate oral microcirculatory differences between men and women as well as between various age groups, in order to map the oral mucosa, and to highlight changes occurring during aging. METHODS A total of 45 healthy subjects were enrolled for this study (12 men and 33 women; mean age 60.37; range 30-82). A complete in-vivo videocapillaroscopic mapping of the oral mucosa was done on each subject. RESULTS The capillaroscopic patterns of the various areas differ particularly in the course of the loops in relation to the mucosal surface. On the basis of statistical analysis of the collected data, it emerges that there are many differences in capillary loop density between men and women and between different age groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the necessity of approaching the investigation of patient microcirculation in different ways depending on sex or age.
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Scudder JD, Blystone RV, Pulliam DA. Control of anesthesia-induced hypothermia by ambient temperature regulation in rats. J Therm Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A literature review: the cardiovascular effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009; 82:919-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-009-0404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Tsukahara K, Sugata K, Osanai O, Ohuchi A, Miyauchi Y, Takizawa M, Hotta M, Kitahara T. Comparison of age-related changes in facial wrinkles and sagging in the skin of Japanese, Chinese and Thai women. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47:19-28. [PMID: 17499481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in skin aging features between Asians and Caucasians are commonly known, whereas little is known about such differences in various Asian populations. OBJECTIVE A survey was carried out in Tokyo, Shanghai and Bangkok to identify specific features of skin aging in each population and to evaluate whether our conventional photo scale is an appropriate tool for this type of comparative study. METHODS Eighty-seven women residing in Tokyo, 100 women residing in Shanghai, and 90 women residing in Bangkok were examined by a specialist. Facial wrinkles (forehead, glabella, upper eyelid, crow's feet, lower eyelid, cheek, nasolabial groove and mouth corner) and cheek sagging were evaluated using photo scales previously obtained from Japanese subjects. Comparisons were made according to 10-year age groups. RESULTS Women in Bangkok showed the most severe level of wrinkles, followed by those in Shanghai in the three groups. Significant differences were observed between Thai and Japanese women in the intensity of wrinkles at many facial sites. Chinese women had significantly more severe wrinkles in the area around the eyes compared to Japanese women, while Thai women had significantly more severe wrinkles in the lower halves of their faces compared to Chinese women. In cheek sagging scores, significant differences were observed between Japanese and Thai women in their 30s and 50s, but not between Japanese and Chinese women or between Chinese and Thai women in all age groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate variations in skin aging features among women from three Asian cities thereby suggesting the diversity of Asian skin. Our scaling method proved to be appropriate for facial wrinkles, but required modification to compare cheek sagging among Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Tsukahara
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
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