1
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Xavier C, de la Puente M, Mosquera-Miguel A, Freire-Aradas A, Kalamara V, Ralf A, Revoir A, Gross T, Schneider P, Ames C, Hohoff C, Phillips C, Kayser M, Parson W. Development and inter-laboratory evaluation of the VISAGE Enhanced Tool for Appearance and Ancestry inference from DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 61:102779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Evaluation of the VISAGE basic tool for appearance and ancestry inference using ForenSeq® chemistry on the MiSeq FGx® system. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 58:102675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Heidegger A, Pisarek A, de la Puente M, Niederstätter H, Pośpiech E, Woźniak A, Schury N, Unterländer M, Sidstedt M, Junker K, Ventayol Garcia M, Laurent FX, Ulus A, Vannier J, Bastisch I, Hedman J, Sijen T, Branicki W, Xavier C, Parson W. Development and inter-laboratory validation of the VISAGE enhanced tool for age estimation from semen using quantitative DNA methylation analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 56:102596. [PMID: 34763164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of DNA methylation has become an established method for chronological age estimation. This has triggered interest in the forensic community to develop new methods for age estimation from biological crime scene material. Various assays are available for age estimation from somatic tissues, the majority from blood. Age prediction from semen requires different DNA methylation markers and the only assays currently developed for forensic analysis are based on SNaPshot or pyrosequencing. Here, we describe a new assay using massively parallel sequencing to analyse 13 candidate CpG sites targeted in two multiplex PCRs. The assay has been validated by five consortium laboratories of the VISible Attributes through GEnomics (VISAGE) project within a collaborative exercise and was tested for reproducible quantification of DNA methylation levels and sensitivity with DNA methylation controls. Furthermore, DNA extracts and stains on Whatman FTA cards from two semen samples were used to evaluate concordance and mimic casework samples. Overall, the assay yielded high read depths (> 1000 reads) at all 13 marker positions. The methylation values obtained indicated robust quantification with an average standard deviation of 2.8% at the expected methylation level of 50% across the 13 markers and a good performance with 50 ng DNA input into bisulfite conversion. The absolute difference of quantifications from one participating laboratory to the mean quantifications of concordance and semen stains of remaining laboratories was approximately 1%. These results demonstrated the assay to be robust and suitable for age estimation from semen in forensic investigations. In addition to the 13-marker assay, a more streamlined protocol combining only five age markers in one multiplex PCR was developed. Preliminary results showed no substantial differences in DNA methylation quantification between the two assays, indicating its applicability with the VISAGE age model for semen developed with data from the complete 13-marker tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heidegger
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Pisarek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M de la Puente
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - H Niederstätter
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Pośpiech
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Woźniak
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Schury
- Federal Criminal Police Office, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - M Sidstedt
- National Forensic Centre (NFC), Swedish Police Authority, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Junker
- National Forensic Centre (NFC), Swedish Police Authority, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Ventayol Garcia
- Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - F X Laurent
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - A Ulus
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J Vannier
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - I Bastisch
- Federal Criminal Police Office, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - J Hedman
- National Forensic Centre (NFC), Swedish Police Authority, Linköping, Sweden; Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Sijen
- Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands; University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Xavier
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - W Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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4
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Hofreiter M, Sneberger J, Pospisek M, Vanek D. Progress in forensic bone DNA analysis: Lessons learned from ancient DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 54:102538. [PMID: 34265517 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on ancient and forensic DNA is related in many ways, and the two fields must deal with similar obstacles. Therefore, communication between these two communities has the potential to improve results in both research fields. Here, we present the insights gained in the ancient DNA community with regard to analyzing DNA from aged skeletal material and the potential use of the developed protocols in forensic work. We discuss the various steps, from choosing samples for DNA extraction to deciding between classical PCR amplification and massively parallel sequencing approaches. Based on the progress made in ancient DNA analyses combined with the requirements of forensic work, we suggest that there is substantial potential for incorporating ancient DNA approaches into forensic protocols, a process that has already begun to a considerable extent. However, taking full advantage of the experiences gained from ancient DNA work will require comparative studies by the forensic DNA community to tailor the methods developed for ancient samples to the specific needs of forensic studies and case work. If successful, in our view, the benefits for both communities would be considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hofreiter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jiri Sneberger
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 5, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic; Department of the History of the Middle Ages of Museum of West Bohemia, Kopeckeho sady 2, Pilsen 30100, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Na Truhlarce 39/64, Prague 18086, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pospisek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 5, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic; Biologicals s.r.o., Sramkova 315, Ricany 25101, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Vanek
- Forensic DNA Service, Janovskeho 18, Prague 7 17000, Czech Republic; Institute of Legal Medicine, Bulovka Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Siddique N, Shahid AA, Sughra K. Diversification of Pakistani Amelogenin-Y-Null Male Haplotypes. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:5521411. [PMID: 34035976 PMCID: PMC8116151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin is a common sex typing marker encountered in forensic case work. Phenotypically normal males have been reported in the literature who exhibit anomalous amelogenin allele. These males express only a single amelogenin peak representing AMEL-X and are called as AMEL-Y-null males. Gender misclassification of such individuals is an obvious consequence of this mutation, as a male sample would falsely appear to be a female sample. This study was aimed to attribute the AMEL-Y-null male DNA profiles encountered in forensic casework in the Pakistani population to appropriate phylogenetic clade based on shared ancestry. A total of 18 null AMEL-Y males were screened out of the sample pool of 5000 male individuals, reflecting mutational frequency of 0.36%. A common phylogenetic ancestor is suggested for 17 individuals, based on computational analysis of the Y-STR haplotypes, shown to be belonging to the J haplogroup while only one sample belonged to the R group. The samples in J groups showed homology with subclades J2b2a M241 and J2b2a PH1648, while R group individual showed 100% homology with R1a. Data are reported after haplotype network development of AMEL-Y-null Pakistani males using Network 10.0 for the study of evolutionary distances and emergence of nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
- DNA and Serology Section, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Sughra
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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6
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Navarro-Romero MT, Muñoz MDL, Alcala-Castañeda E, Terreros-Espinosa E, Domínguez-de-la-Cruz E, García-Hernández N, Moreno-Galeana MÁ. A novel method of male sex identification of human ancient skeletal remains. Chromosome Res 2020; 28:277-291. [PMID: 32621020 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex identification of ancient individuals is important to understand aspects of the culture, demographic structure, religious practices, disease association, and the history of the ancient civilizations. Sex identification is performed using anthropometric measurements and molecular genetics techniques, including quantification of the X and Y chromosomes. These approaches are not always reliable in subadult, or fragmented, incomplete skeletons or when the DNA is highly degraded. Most of the methods include the identification of the male and female sexes, but the absence of a specific marker for the males does not mean that the sample obtained was from a female. This study aims (1) to identify new male-specific regions that allow male identification; (2) to contrast the effectiveness of these markers against AMELX/AMELY and anthropometric measurement procedures; and (3) to test the efficacy of these markers in archaeological samples. For the first two aims, we used known sex samples, and for the third aim, we used samples from different archaeological sites. A novel molecular technique to identify male-specific regions by amplification of TTTY7, TSPY3, TTTY2, and TTTY22 genes of the human Y chromosome was developed. The results showed amplification of the specific DNA regions of Y chromosome in male individuals, with no amplification being observed in any of the female samples, confirming their specificity for male individuals. This approach complements the current procedures, such as the AMELX/AMELY test and anthropometric principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Navarro-Romero
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Muñoz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Alcala-Castañeda
- Department of Archaeological Studies, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Lic. Verdad 3, Centro Histórico, 06000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eladio Terreros-Espinosa
- Templo Mayor Museum, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Seminario 8, Centro Histórico, 06060, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Domínguez-de-la-Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Normand García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno-Galeana
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Egger S, Wand D, Scheurer E, Schulz I, Dion D, Balitzki B. Fehlerhafte Geschlechtsbestimmung aufgrund partieller Deletion des Y-Chromosoms. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-020-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Dash HR, Rawat N, Das S. Alternatives to amelogenin markers for sex determination in humans and their forensic relevance. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2347-2360. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Müller P, Sell C, Hadrys T, Hedman J, Bredemeyer S, Laurent FX, Roewer L, Achtruth S, Sidstedt M, Sijen T, Trimborn M, Weiler N, Willuweit S, Bastisch I, Parson W. Inter-laboratory study on standardized MPS libraries: evaluation of performance, concordance, and sensitivity using mixtures and degraded DNA. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:185-198. [PMID: 31745634 PMCID: PMC6949318 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present results from an inter-laboratory massively parallel sequencing (MPS) study in the framework of the SeqForSTRs project to evaluate forensically relevant parameters, such as performance, concordance, and sensitivity, using a standardized sequencing library including reference material, mixtures, and ancient DNA samples. The standardized library was prepared using the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit (primer mix A). The library was shared between eight European laboratories located in Austria, France, Germany, The Netherlands, and Sweden to perform MPS on their particular MiSeq FGx sequencers. Despite variation in performance between sequencing runs, all laboratories obtained quality metrics that fell within the manufacturer’s recommended ranges. Furthermore, differences in locus coverage did not inevitably adversely affect heterozygous balance. Inter-laboratory concordance showed 100% concordant genotypes for the included autosomal and Y-STRs, and still, X-STR concordance exceeded 83%. The exclusive reasons for X-STR discordances were drop-outs at DXS10103. Sensitivity experiments demonstrated that correct allele calling varied between sequencing instruments in particular for lower DNA amounts (≤ 125 pg). The analysis of compromised DNA samples showed the drop-out of one sample (FA10013B01A) while for the remaining three degraded DNA samples MPS was able to successfully type ≥ 87% of all aSTRs, ≥ 78% of all Y-STRs, ≥ 68% of all X-STRs, and ≥ 92% of all iSNPs demonstrating that MPS is a promising tool for human identity testing, which in return, has to undergo rigorous in-house validation before it can be implemented into forensic routine casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Müller
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Thorsten Hadrys
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, DNA Department, Bavarian State Criminal Police Office, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Hedman
- Swedish National Forensic Centre (NFC), Linköping, Sweden.,Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Steffi Bredemeyer
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francois-Xavier Laurent
- Institut National de Police Scientifique, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Lutz Roewer
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Achtruth
- The Police President in Berlin, Forensic Science Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Sidstedt
- Swedish National Forensic Centre (NFC), Linköping, Sweden.,Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Titia Sijen
- Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Trimborn
- The Police President in Berlin, Forensic Science Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Weiler
- Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Willuweit
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Bharath TS, Saraswathi TR, Suresh Sajjan MC, Ramchandran CR, Govindraj Kumar N. Isolation and quantification of DNA from epithelial cells obtained from acrylic removable partial denture for sex identification. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-019-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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11
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Hrovatin K, Kunej T. Genetic sex determination assays in 53 mammalian species: Literature analysis and guidelines for reporting standardization. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1009-1018. [PMID: 29375774 PMCID: PMC5773321 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Erstwhile, sex was determined by observation, which is not always feasible. Nowadays, genetic methods are prevailing due to their accuracy, simplicity, low costs, and time-efficiency. However, there is no comprehensive review enabling overview and development of the field. The studies are heterogeneous, lacking a standardized reporting strategy. Therefore, our aim was to collect genetic sexing assays for mammals and assemble them in a catalogue with unified terminology. Publications were extracted from online databases using key words such as sexing and molecular. The collected data were supplemented with species and gene IDs and the type of sex-specific sequence variant (SSSV). We developed a catalogue and graphic presentation of diagnostic tests for molecular sex determination of mammals, based on 58 papers published from 2/1991 to 10/2016. The catalogue consists of five categories: species, genes, SSSVs, methods, and references. Based on the analysis of published literature, we propose minimal requirements for reporting, consisting of: species scientific name and ID, genetic sequence with name and ID, SSSV, methodology, genomic coordinates (e.g., restriction sites, SSSVs), amplification system, and description of detected amplicon and controls. The present study summarizes vast knowledge that has up to now been scattered across databases, representing the first step toward standardization regarding molecular sexing, enabling a better overview of existing tests and facilitating planned designs of novel tests. The project is ongoing; collecting additional publications, optimizing field development, and standardizing data presentation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hrovatin
- Department of Animal ScienceBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaDomzaleSlovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Department of Animal ScienceBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaDomzaleSlovenia
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12
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Degrelle SA, Fournier T. Fetal-sex determination of human placental tissues. Placenta 2017; 61:103-105. [PMID: 29277265 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now demonstrated that the sex-specific maternal-placental-fetal interaction plays an important role in placental functions and pathologies. Determination of fetal-sex may therefore be an important consideration in studies using placenta samples. In this present study, we describe a simple, fast, and cheap protocol, which allows the fetal-sex determination of placental tissues from various starting materials (villi or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, isolated cytotrophoblasts or cellular debris from whole cell lysates, and cDNA) by a single duplex PCR reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie De Paris, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris, F-75006, France.
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie De Paris, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris, F-75006, France
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13
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Suppersberger Hamre S, Ersland GA, Daux V, Parson W, Wilkinson C. Three individuals, three stories, three burials from medieval Trondheim, Norway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180277. [PMID: 28671986 PMCID: PMC5495345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the life stories of three individuals who lived in Trondheim, Norway, during the 13th century. Based on skeletal examinations, facial reconstructions, genetic analyses, and stable oxygen isotope analyses, the birthplace, mobility, ancestry, pathology, and physical appearance of these people are presented. The stories are discussed within the relevant historical context. These three people would have been ordinary citizens, without any privileges out of the ordinary, which makes them quite rare in the academic literature. Through the study of individuals one gets a unique look into the Norwegian medieval society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Suppersberger Hamre
- Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University og Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Geir Atle Ersland
- Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University og Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Valérie Daux
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Wilkinson
- Face Lab, Liverpool Science Park IC1, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, England
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Madel MB, Niederstätter H, Parson W. TriXY-Homogeneous genetic sexing of highly degraded forensic samples including hair shafts. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 25:166-174. [PMID: 27613970 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sexing of biological evidence is an important aspect in forensic investigations. A routinely used molecular-genetic approach to this endeavour is the amelogenin sex test, which is integrated in most commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits for human identification. However, this assay is not entirely effective in respect to highly degraded DNA samples. This study presents a homogeneous PCR assay for robust sex diagnosis, especially for the analysis of severely fragmented DNA. The introduced triplex for the X and Y chromosome (TriXY) is based on real-time PCR amplification of short intergenic sequences (<50bp) on both gonosomes. Subsequent PCR product examination and molecular-genetic sex-assignment rely on high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. TriXY was optimized using commercially available multi-donor human DNA preparations of either male or female origin and successfully evaluated on challenging samples, including 46 ancient DNA specimens from archaeological excavations and a total of 16 DNA samples extracted from different segments of eight hair shafts of male and female donors. Additionally, sensitivity and cross-species amplification were examined to further test the assay's utility in forensic investigations. TriXY's closed-tube format avoids post-PCR sample manipulations and, therefore, distinctly reduces the risk of PCR product carry-over contamination and sample mix-up, while reducing labour and financial expenses at the same time. The method is sensitive down to the DNA content of approximately two diploid cells and has proven highly useful on severely fragmented and low quantity ancient DNA samples. Furthermore, it even allowed for sexing of proximal hair shafts with very good results. In summary, TriXY facilitates highly sensitive, rapid, and costeffective genetic sex-determination. It outperforms existing sexing methods both in terms of sensitivity and minimum required template molecule lengths. Therefore, we feel confident that TriXY will prove to be a reliable addition to the toolbox currently used for sex-typing in forensic genetics and other fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Niederstätter
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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15
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Krishan K, Chatterjee PM, Kanchan T, Kaur S, Baryah N, Singh RK. A review of sex estimation techniques during examination of skeletal remains in forensic anthropology casework. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 261:165.e1-8. [PMID: 26926105 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex estimation is considered as one of the essential parameters in forensic anthropology casework, and requires foremost consideration in the examination of skeletal remains. Forensic anthropologists frequently employ morphologic and metric methods for sex estimation of human remains. These methods are still very imperative in identification process in spite of the advent and accomplishment of molecular techniques. A constant boost in the use of imaging techniques in forensic anthropology research has facilitated to derive as well as revise the available population data. These methods however, are less reliable owing to high variance and indistinct landmark details. The present review discusses the reliability and reproducibility of various analytical approaches; morphological, metric, molecular and radiographic methods in sex estimation of skeletal remains. Numerous studies have shown a higher reliability and reproducibility of measurements taken directly on the bones and hence, such direct methods of sex estimation are considered to be more reliable than the other methods. Geometric morphometric (GM) method and Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste (DSP) method are emerging as valid methods and widely used techniques in forensic anthropology in terms of accuracy and reliability. Besides, the newer 3D methods are shown to exhibit specific sexual dimorphism patterns not readily revealed by traditional methods. Development of newer and better methodologies for sex estimation as well as re-evaluation of the existing ones will continue in the endeavour of forensic researchers for more accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Baryah
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Government of Chhattisgarh, India
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Coulson-Thomas YM, Norton AL, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Florencio-Silva R, Ali N, Elmrghni S, Gil CD, Sasso GRS, Dixon RA, Nader HB. DNA and bone structure preservation in medieval human skeletons. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 251:186-94. [PMID: 25912776 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and ultrastructural data from archaeological human bones are scarce, particularly data that have been correlated with information on the preservation of molecules such as DNA. Here we examine the bone structure of macroscopically well-preserved medieval human skeletons by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, and the quantity and quality of DNA extracted from these skeletons. DNA technology has been increasingly used for analyzing physical evidence in archaeological forensics; however, the isolation of ancient DNA is difficult since it is highly degraded, extraction yields are low and the co-extraction of PCR inhibitors is a problem. We adapted and optimised a method that is frequently used for isolating DNA from modern samples, Chelex(®) 100 (Bio-Rad) extraction, for isolating DNA from archaeological human bones and teeth. The isolated DNA was analysed by real-time PCR using primers targeting the sex determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) and STR typing using the AmpFlSTR(®) Identifiler PCR Amplification kit. Our results clearly show the preservation of bone matrix in medieval bones and the presence of intact osteocytes with well preserved encapsulated nuclei. In addition, we show how effective Chelex(®) 100 is for isolating ancient DNA from archaeological bones and teeth. This optimised method is suitable for STR typing using kits aimed specifically at degraded and difficult DNA templates since amplicons of up to 250bp were successfully amplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette M Coulson-Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil; School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | | | - Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Nadir Ali
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Samir Elmrghni
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Cristiane D Gil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Gisela R S Sasso
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Ronald A Dixon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Helena B Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
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Allwood JS, Harbison SA. "YFlag"--a single-base extension primer based method for gender determination. J Forensic Sci 2014; 60:142-6. [PMID: 25354446 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assigning the gender of a DNA contributor in forensic analysis is typically achieved using the amelogenin test. Occasionally, this test produces false-positive results due to deletions occurring on the Y chromosome. Here, a four-marker "YFlag" method is presented to infer gender using single-base extension primers to flag the presence (or absence) of Y-chromosome DNA within a sample to supplement forensic STR profiling. This method offers built-in redundancy, with a single marker being sufficient to detect the presence of male DNA. In a study using 30 male and 30 female individuals, detection of male DNA was achieved with c. 0.03 ng of male DNA. All four markers were present in male/female mixture samples despite the presence of excessive female DNA. In summary, the YFlag system offers a method that is reproducible, specific, and sensitive, making it suitable for forensic use to detect male DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Allwood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR Ltd.), Mt Albert Science Centre, Private Bag 92-021, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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18
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Borovko S, Shyla A, Korban V, Borovko A. Amelogenin test abnormalities revealed in Belarusian population during forensic DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 15:98-104. [PMID: 25458925 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Study of gender markers is a part of routine forensic genetic examination of crime scene and reference samples, paternity testing and personal identification. Amelogenin locus as a gender marker is included in majority of forensic STR kits of different manufacturers. In current study we report 11 cases of amelogenin abnormalities identified in males of Belarusian origin: 9 cases of AMELY dropout and 2 cases of AMELX dropout. Cases were obtained from forensic casework (n=9) and paternity testing (n=2) groups. In 4 out of 9 AMELY-negative cases deletion of AMELY was associated with the loss of DYS458 marker. In addition, we identified 3 males with SRY-positive XX male syndrome. Deletion of the long arm of the Y-chromosome was detected in two XX males. Loss of the major part of the Y-chromosome was identified in the third XX male. The presence of two X-chromosomes in XX males was confirmed with the use of Mentype(®) Argus X-8 PCR Amplification Kit. AMELY null allele observed in 2 out of 9 cases with AMELY dropout can be caused by mutation in the primer-binding site of AMELY allele. Primer-binding site mutations of AMELX can result in AMELX dropout identified in 2 cases with amplification failure of AMELX. Our study represents the first report and molecular genetic investigation of amelogenin abnormalities in the Belarusian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Borovko
- State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus, Volodarskiy str. 2a, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Alena Shyla
- State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus, Volodarskiy str. 2a, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Victorya Korban
- State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus, Volodarskiy str. 2a, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexandra Borovko
- State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus, Volodarskiy str. 2a, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
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Cadamuro VC, Bouakaze C, Croze M, Schiavinato S, Tonasso L, Gérard P, Fausser JL, Gibert M, Dugoujon JM, Braga J, Balaresque P. Determined about sex: sex-testing in 45 primate species using a 2Y/1X sex-typing assay. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 14:96-107. [PMID: 25307201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex-testing using molecular genetic technique is routinely used in the fields of forensics, population genetics and conservation biology. However, none of the assay used so far allows a non-ambiguous and successful sex determination for human and non-human primate species. The most widely used method, AMELY/X, and its alternatives suffer from a set of drawbacks in humans and can rarely be used in New World primate species. Here, we designed a new sex-typing assay using a multiplexed PCR amplification of UTX and UTY-homologous loci and combined male-specific SRY locus. This method was successfully tested on 1048 samples, including 82 non-human primates from 45 Anthropoidea and Lemuriformes species and 966 human samples from 24 populations (Africans, Europeans, and South Americans). This sex-typing method is applicable across all primate species tested from Hominoidea to Indriidae, and also on various populations with different background origins; it represents a robust and cheap sex-typing assay to be used both by the anthropologist and primatologist communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Choesmel Cadamuro
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Caroline Bouakaze
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Myriam Croze
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Evolutionary Biology team, Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, LMU BioCenter, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Schiavinato
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Laure Tonasso
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Patrice Gérard
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Luc Fausser
- Laboratoire AMIS-UMR5288/CNRS, Institut de Médecine Légale, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Morgane Gibert
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - José Braga
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Patricia Balaresque
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), UMR5288-CNRS & Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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Nakanishi H, Shojo H, Ohmori T, Hara M, Takada A, Adachi N, Saito K. A novel method for sex determination by detecting the number of X chromosomes. Int J Legal Med 2014; 129:23-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-1065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Validation of two canine STR multiplex-assays following the ISFG recommendations for non-human DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 8:90-100. [PMID: 24315595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To gain general acceptance forensic DNA testing in animals needs to improve standardization of analysis methods and data interpretation. Recently, the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) took particular care of this topic by publishing recommendations for forensic non-human DNA analysis following the successful example of human DNA analysis in order to provide a basis for harmonization of the still existing inter-laboratory variability. By following these recommendations we demonstrate the performance of two short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes for forensic identity testing of canine biological material. Thirteen STRs and two sex-specific markers were selected and validated according to the ISFG guidelines. Population genetic parameters were calculated based on 295 dog samples collected in Austria (124) and Germany (171). A repeat-based nomenclature of the mainly tetrameric STRs and corresponding allelic ladders are presented. All 146 different alleles included in the ladders were sequenced for correct allele calling. Additionally, a canine cell line (DH82-D3167) was evaluated as standard reference material.
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22
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Bauer CM, Niederstätter H, McGlynn G, Stadler H, Parson W. Comparison of morphological and molecular genetic sex-typing on mediaeval human skeletal remains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 7:581-586. [PMID: 23941903 PMCID: PMC3820020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Archaeological excavations conducted at an early mediaeval cemetery in Volders (Tyrol, Austria) produced 141 complete skeletal remains dated between the 5th/6th and 12th/13th centuries. These skeletons represent one of the largest historical series of human remains ever discovered in the East Alpine region. Little historical information is available for this region and time period. The good state of preservation of these bioarchaeological finds offered the opportunity of performing molecular genetic investigations. Adequate DNA extraction methods were tested in the attempt to obtain as high DNA yields as possible for further analyses. Molecular genetic sex-typing using a dedicated PCR multiplex (“Genderplex”) gave interpretable results in 88 remains, 78 of which had previously been sexed based on morphological features. We observed a discrepancy in sex determination between the two methods in 21 cases. An unbiased follow-up morphological examination of these finds showed congruence with the DNA results in all but five samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George McGlynn
- Bavarian State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Stadler
- Institute of Archaeologies, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA, USA.
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Ma Y, Kuang JZ, Zhang J, Wang GM, Wang YJ, Jin WM, Hou YP. Y chromosome interstitial deletion induced Y-STR allele dropout in AMELY-negative individuals. Int J Legal Med 2012; 126:713-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zehethofer K, Rolf B. A molecular analysis of three amelogenin negative males in two routine paternity tests. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2011; 5:550-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kupiec T, Branicki W. Genetic examination of the putative skull of Jan Kochanowski reveals its female sex. Croat Med J 2011; 52:403-9. [PMID: 21674838 PMCID: PMC3118727 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of genetic examination of the putative skull of Jan Kochanowski (1530-1584), a great Polish renaissance poet. The skull was retrieved in 1791 by historian Tadeusz Czacki from the Kochanowski family tomb and became the property of the Czartoryskis Museum in Krakow. An anthropological study in 1926 questioned its male origin, which raised doubts about its authenticity. Our report presents genetic evidence that resolves this dispute. From the sole tooth we obtained a sufficient amount of DNA to perform the analysis of nuclear markers. The analysis of the sex-informative part of intron 1 in amelogenin, genotyped using AmpFiSTR® NGM PCR Amplification Kit and Powerplex® ESI17 Kit human identification systems, revealed the female origin of the tooth. The female origin was further confirmed by the analysis of a portion of amelogenin intron 2, a microsatellite marker located on the X chromosome, as well as by a lack of signal from Y chromosomal microsatellite markers and the sex-determining region Y marker. Data obtained for two hypervariable regions, HVI and HVII, in mitochondrial DNA showed that mtDNA haplotype was relatively frequent among contemporary Europeans. The analysis of a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms relevant for prediction of the iris color indicated an 87% probability that the woman had hazel or brown eye color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kupiec
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Research, Krakow, Poland
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26
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Diegoli TM, Coble MD. Development and characterization of two mini-X chromosomal short tandem repeat multiplexes. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2010; 5:415-21. [PMID: 20943451 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development and characterization of two X chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes utilizing reduced-size amplicons (less than 200 base pairs) for identity and kinship testing with degraded DNA. Approximately 1360 samples across 4 U.S. population groups were typed for 15 X chromosomal STR markers: DXS6789, DXS7130, DXS9902, GATA31E08, DXS7424, GATA165B12, DXS101, DXS6795, GATA172D05, DXS10147, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS6803, HPRTB, and DXS7423. A high degree of polymorphism was observed for each marker and both multiplexes were sensitive down to 200pg of pristine DNA. The two proposed multiplexes are suitable for forensic use, and show potential for improved analysis of compromised bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Diegoli
- Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Research Section, 1413 Research Blvd., Suite 101, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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