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Stallmeyer B, Bühlmann C, Stakaitis R, Dicke AK, Ghieh F, Meier L, Zoch A, MacKenzie MacLeod D, Steingröver J, Okutman Ö, Fietz D, Pilatz A, Riera-Escamilla A, Xavier MJ, Ruckert C, Di Persio S, Neuhaus N, Gurbuz AS, Şalvarci A, Le May N, McEleny K, Friedrich C, van der Heijden G, Wyrwoll MJ, Kliesch S, Veltman JA, Krausz C, Viville S, Conrad DF, O'Carroll D, Tüttelmann F. Inherited defects of piRNA biogenesis cause transposon de-repression, impaired spermatogenesis, and human male infertility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6637. [PMID: 39122675 PMCID: PMC11316121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
piRNAs are crucial for transposon silencing, germ cell maturation, and fertility in male mice. Here, we report on the genetic landscape of piRNA dysfunction in humans and present 39 infertile men carrying biallelic variants in 14 different piRNA pathway genes, including PIWIL1, GTSF1, GPAT2, MAEL, TDRD1, and DDX4. In some affected men, the testicular phenotypes differ from those of the respective knockout mice and range from complete germ cell loss to the production of a few morphologically abnormal sperm. A reduced number of pachytene piRNAs was detected in the testicular tissue of variant carriers, demonstrating impaired piRNA biogenesis. Furthermore, LINE1 expression in spermatogonia links impaired piRNA biogenesis to transposon de-silencing and serves to classify variants as functionally relevant. These results establish the disrupted piRNA pathway as a major cause of human spermatogenic failure and provide insights into transposon silencing in human male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stallmeyer
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara Bühlmann
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rytis Stakaitis
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ann-Kristin Dicke
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Farah Ghieh
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Meier
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ansgar Zoch
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David MacKenzie MacLeod
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Johanna Steingröver
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Özlem Okutman
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale LGM, institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace IGMA, INSERM UMR 1112, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Clinique de Fertilité, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Antoni Riera-Escamilla
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel J Xavier
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Ruckert
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sara Di Persio
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Sami Gurbuz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Novafertil IVF Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şalvarci
- Department of Andrology Novafertil IVF Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nicolas Le May
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale LGM, institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace IGMA, INSERM UMR 1112, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin McEleny
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Corinna Friedrich
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Godfried van der Heijden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margot J Wyrwoll
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Stéphane Viville
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale LGM, institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace IGMA, INSERM UMR 1112, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, UF3472-génétique de l'infertilité, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Cheng YS, Chen HY, Lin YC, Lin YS, Yeh YC, Yeh YH, Cheng YH, Lin YM, Weng HY, Lin TY, Lin SC. The MAEL expression in mitochondria of human spermatozoa and the association with asthenozoospermia. Andrology 2023; 11:1286-1294. [PMID: 36779514 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The maelstrom spermatogenic transposon silencer (MAEL) function in postmeiotic germ cells remains unclear, and its protein localization in human testis and spermatozoa awaits determination. This study aims to clarify the MAEL expression in human spermatogenesis and to explore its role in sperm function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven asthenozoospermic men, 40 normozoospermic controls, and three obstructive azoospermic men were enrolled. The transcripts of MAEL in the seminiferous epithelium and MAEL downstream targets were identified by bioinformatics analysis. MAEL protein expression in human testis and ejaculated sperms were examined by immunohistochemical and immunogold staining, respectively. The roles of MAEL in mitochondria function were investigated by siRNA knockdown in human H358 cells. The association between MAEL protein levels and clinical sperm features was evaluated. RESULTS Abundant MAEL was expressed in spermatid and spermatozoa of the human testis. Remarkably, MAEL was located in the mitochondria of ejaculated sperm, and bioinformatics analysis identified GPX4 and UBL4B as MAEL's downstream targets. Knockdown of MAEL sabotaged mitochondria function and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in H358 cells. MAEL, GPX4, and UBL4B expression levels were significantly decreased in asthenozoospermic sperms than in controls. The MAEL protein levels were positively correlated with GPX4 and UBL4B in human sperm. Total motile sperm count (TMSC) was positively correlated with protein levels of MAEL, GPX4, and UBL4B in ejaculated sperms. CONCLUSIONS We highlight prominent MAEL expression in the intratesticular spermatid and the mitochondria of ejaculated spermatozoa. MAEL directly binds to GPX4 and UBL4B, and loss of MAEL induces mitochondrial dysfunction. MAEL-mitochondrial function-motility relationship might advance our understanding of the causes of asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chen
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Syuan Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Yeh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Weng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yen Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Chukrallah LG, Potgieter S, Chueh L, Snyder EM. Two RNA binding proteins, ADAD2 and RNF17, interact to form a heterogeneous population of novel meiotic germ cell granules with developmentally dependent organelle association. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010519. [PMID: 37428816 PMCID: PMC10359003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian male germ cell differentiation relies on complex RNA biogenesis events, many of which occur in non-membrane bound organelles termed RNA germ cell granules that are rich in RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Though known to be required for male germ cell differentiation, we understand little of the relationships between the numerous granule subtypes. ADAD2, a testis specific RBP, is required for normal male fertility and forms a poorly characterized granule in meiotic germ cells. This work aimed to understand the role of ADAD2 granules in male germ cell differentiation by clearly defining their molecular composition and relationship to other granules. Biochemical analyses identified RNF17, a testis specific RBP that forms meiotic male germ cell granules, as an ADAD2-interacting protein. Phenotypic analysis of Adad2 and Rnf17 mutants identified a rare post-meiotic chromatin defect, suggesting shared biological roles. ADAD2 and RNF17 were found to be dependent on one another for granularization and together form a previously unstudied set of germ cell granules. Based on co-localization studies with well-characterized granule RBPs and organelle-specific markers, a subset of the ADAD2-RNF17 granules are found to be associated with the intermitochondrial cement and piRNA biogenesis. In contrast, a second, morphologically distinct population of ADAD2-RNF17 granules co-localized with the translation regulators NANOS1 and PUM1, along with the molecular chaperone PDI. These large granules form a unique funnel-shaped structure that displays distinct protein subdomains and is tightly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Developmental studies suggest the different granule populations represent different phases of a granule maturation process. Lastly, a double Adad2-Rnf17 mutant model suggests the interaction between ADAD2 and RNF17, as opposed to loss of either, is the likely driver of the Adad2 and Rnf17 mutant phenotypes. These findings shed light on the relationship between germ cell granule pools and define new genetic approaches to their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Chukrallah
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sarah Potgieter
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lisa Chueh
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Snyder
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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4
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Chukrallah LG, Snyder EM. Modern tools applied to classic structures: Approaches for mammalian male germ cell RNA granule research. Andrology 2023; 11:872-883. [PMID: 36273399 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First reported in the 1800s, germ cell granules are small nonmembrane bound RNA-rich regions of the cytoplasm. These sites of critical RNA processing and storage in the male germ cell are essential for proper differentiation and development and are present in a wide range of species from Caenorhabditis elegans through mammals. Initially characterized by light and electron microscopy, more modern techniques such as immunofluorescence and genetic models have played a major role in expanding our understanding of the composition of these structures. While these methods have given light to potential granule functions, much work remains to be done. The current expansion of imaging technologies and omics-scale analyses to germ cell granule research will drive the field forward considerably. Many of these methods, both current and upcoming, have considerable caveats and limitations that necessitate a holistic approach to the study of germ granules. By combining and balancing different techniques, the field is poised to elucidate the nature of these critical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Chukrallah
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Snyder
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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5
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Xiong M, Yin L, Gui Y, Lv C, Ma X, Guo S, Wu Y, Feng S, Fan X, Zhou S, Wang L, Wen Y, Wang X, Xie Q, Namekawa SH, Yuan S. ADAD2 interacts with RNF17 in P-bodies to repress the Ping-pong cycle in pachytene piRNA biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206067. [PMID: 36930220 PMCID: PMC10040813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pachytene piRNA biogenesis is a hallmark of the germline, distinct from another wave of pre-pachytene piRNA biogenesis with regard to the lack of a secondary amplification process known as the Ping-pong cycle. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and the venue for the suppression of the Ping-pong cycle remain elusive. Here, we showed that a testis-specific protein, ADAD2, interacts with a TDRD family member protein RNF17 and is associated with P-bodies. Importantly, ADAD2 directs RNF17 to repress Ping-pong activity in pachytene piRNA biogenesis. The P-body localization of RNF17 requires the intrinsically disordered domain of ADAD2. Deletion of Adad2 or Rnf17 causes the mislocalization of each other and subsequent Ping-pong activity derepression, secondary piRNAs overproduced, and disruption of P-body integrity at the meiotic stage, thereby leading to spermatogenesis arrested at the round spermatid stage. Collectively, by identifying the ADAD2-dependent mechanism, our study reveals a novel function of P-bodies in suppressing Ping-pong activity in pachytene piRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengneng Xiong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Yin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqian Gui
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixiang Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xv Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingzhen Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Satoshi H. Namekawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Wang P, Zhang X, Huo H, Li W, Liu Z, Wang L, Li L, Sun YH, Huo J. Transcriptomic analysis of testis and epididymis tissues from Banna mini-pig inbred line boars with single-molecule long-read sequencing†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:465-478. [PMID: 36477198 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, testis and epididymis are critical components of the male reproductive system for androgen production, spermatogenesis, sperm transportation, as well as sperm maturation. Here, we report single-molecule real-time sequencing data from the testis and epididymis of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI), a promising laboratory animal for medical research. We obtained high-quality full-length transcriptomes and identified 9879 isoforms and 8761 isoforms in the BMI testis and epididymis, respectively. Most of the isoforms we identified have novel exon structures that will greatly improve the annotation of testis- and epididymis-expressed genes in pigs. We also found that 3055 genes (over 50%) were shared between BMI testis and epididymis, indicating widespread expression profiles of genes related to reproduction. We characterized extensive alternative splicing events in BMI testis and epididymis and showed that 96 testis-expressed genes and 79 epididymis-expressed genes have more than six isoforms, revealing the complexity of alternative splicing. We accurately defined the transcribed isoforms in BMI testis and epididymis by combining Pacific Biotechnology Isoform-sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq) and Illumina RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. The refined annotation of some key genes governing male reproduction will facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BMI male sterility. In addition, the high-confident identification of 548 and 669 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these two tissues has established a candidate gene set for future functional investigations. Overall, our study provides new insights into the role of the testis and epididymis during BMI reproduction, paving the path for further studies on BMI male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, China
| | - Hailong Huo
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical college of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Luogang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu H Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jinlong Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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7
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Liu S, Ma X, Wang Z, Lin F, Li M, Li Y, Yang L, Rushdi HE, Riaz H, Gao T, Yang L, Fu T, Deng T. MAEL gene contributes to bovine testicular development through the m5C-mediated splicing. iScience 2023; 26:105941. [PMID: 36711243 PMCID: PMC9876746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of RNA molecules regulating testicular development and spermatogenesis in bulls is essential for elite bull selection and an ideal breeding program. Herein, we performed direct RNA sequencing (DRS) to explore the functional characterization of RNA molecules produced in the testicles of 9 healthy Simmental bulls at three testicular development stages (prepuberty, puberty, and postpuberty). We identified 5,043 differentially expressed genes associated with testicular weight. These genes exhibited more alternative splicing at sexual maturity, particularly alternative 3' (A3) and 5' (A5) splice sites usage and exon skipping (SE). The expression of hub genes in testicular developmental stages was also affected by both m6A and m5C RNA modifications. We found m5C-mediated splicing events significantly (p < 0.05) increased MAEL gene expression at the isoform level, likely promoting spermatogenesis. Our findings highlight the complexity of RNA processing and expression as well as the regulation of transcripts involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yali Li
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Hossam E. Rushdi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China,Corresponding author
| | - Tingxian Deng
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China,Corresponding author
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8
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Fu Y, Yuan P, Zheng Y, Gao L, Wei Y, Chen Y, Li P, Ruan Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Ephedra herb reduces adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity by upregulating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113061. [PMID: 35658231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the protective effects of ephedra herb (HEPH) on adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity in rats and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS A rat model of adriamycin injury was established, and sperm motility-related indicator and oxidative stress levels in the testis were evaluated. Serum levels of sex hormones and levels of testicular cell apoptosis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence analyses, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signalling pathway- and meiosis-related genes and proteins. In subsequent in vitro experiments, adriamycin was used to stimulate GC-1 cells, which were treated with HEPH, ephedrine, or pseudoephedrine. Cell viability was assessed using flow cytometry to detect apoptosis and reactive oxygen species, whereas the GnRH signalling pathway and levels of meiosis-related genes and proteins were evaluated by InCell WB, a high-content imaging system, and RT-PCR. RESULTS Per in vivo experiments, HEPH restored testicular weight and function, sperm characteristics, serum and tissue hormonal levels, and antioxidant defences and significantly activated the GnRH signalling pathway- and meiosis-related protein levels. All protective effects of HEPH against adriamycin-induced injury were antagonised by the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix. In vitro, HEPH, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine significantly reduced adriamycin-induced GC-1 cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels and increased the expression of GnRH signalling pathway- and meiosis-related proteins. The effect of pseudoephedrine was greater than that of ephedrine, and these findings may be an important basis for understanding the effects of HEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - PeiPei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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9
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Wang X, Wen Y, Zhang J, Swanson G, Guo S, Cao C, Krawetz SA, Zhang Z, Yuan S. MFN2 interacts with nuage-associated proteins and is essential for male germ cell development by controlling mRNA fate during spermatogenesis. Development 2021; 148:dev.196295. [PMID: 33674260 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in spermatogenesis and are regulated by several mitochondrial fusion proteins. However, their functional importance associated with their structure formation and mRNA fate regulation during spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a mitochondrial fusion protein, interacts with nuage-associated proteins (including MIWI, DDX4, TDRKH and GASZ) in mice. Conditional mutation of Mfn2 in postnatal germ cells results in male sterility due to germ cell developmental defects. Moreover, MFN2 interacts with MFN1, another mitochondrial fusion protein with a high-sequence similarity to MFN2, in testes to facilitate spermatogenesis. Simultaneous mutation of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in testes causes very severe infertile phenotypes. Importantly, we show that MFN2 is enriched in polysome fractions of testes and interacts with MSY2, a germ cell-specific DNA/RNA-binding protein, to control gamete-specific mRNA (such as Spata19) translational activity during spermatogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MFN2 interacts with nuage-associated proteins and MSY2 to regulate male germ cell development by controlling several gamete-specific mRNA fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Grace Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Congcong Cao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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10
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Mitochondria Associated Germinal Structures in Spermatogenesis: piRNA Pathway Regulation and Beyond. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020399. [PMID: 32050598 PMCID: PMC7072634 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple specific granular structures are present in the cytoplasm of germ cells, termed nuage, which are electron-dense, non-membranous, close to mitochondria and/or nuclei, variant size yielding to different compartments harboring different components, including intermitochondrial cement (IMC), piP-body, and chromatoid body (CB). Since mitochondria exhibit different morphology and topographical arrangements to accommodate specific needs during spermatogenesis, the distribution of mitochondria-associated nuage is also dynamic. The most relevant nuage structure with mitochondria is IMC, also called pi-body, present in prospermatogonia, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes. IMC is primarily enriched with various Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) proteins and mainly functions as piRNA biogenesis, transposon silencing, mRNA translation, and mitochondria fusion. Importantly, our previous work reported that mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are abundant in spermatogenic cells and contain many crucial proteins associated with the piRNA pathway. Provocatively, IMC functionally communicates with other nuage structures, such as piP-body, to perform its complex functions in spermatogenesis. Although little is known about the formation of both IMC and MAMs, its distinctive characters have attracted considerable attention. Here, we review the insights gained from studying the structural components of mitochondria-associated germinal structures, including IMC, CB, and MAMs, which are pivotal structures to ensure genome integrity and male fertility. We discuss the roles of the structural components in spermatogenesis and piRNA biogenesis, which provide new insights into mitochondria-associated germinal structures in germ cell development and male reproduction.
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11
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Chen H, Huang Y, Liu T, Haseeb A, Ahmed N, Zhang L, Bian X, Chen Q. Characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis in the soft-shelled turtle. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106307. [PMID: 32087920 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in reptiles is a seasonally dependent physiological process that is not temporally associated with male mating behavior. Characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis in reptiles, however, remain largely unknown. In this review, there is a coverage of the characteristics of soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, during seasonal spermatogenesis that provides insights into spermatogenesis of testudines. The seminiferous epithelium of P. sinensis are undergoing spermatogenesis during the summer and fall, but are quiescent throughout the rest of the year; germ cells progress through spermatogenic stages in a temporal rather than a spatial pattern. While apoptotic germ cells mainly appear in the non-spermatogenic phase, these are seldom present during active spermatogenesis. It is inferred that apoptosis may be one of the reasons for germ cell loss during the resting phase of spermatogenesis. During the period when spermatogenesis is occurring, Sertoli cells become very narrow and are in contact with several round/elongated spermatids. Many residual spermatozoa can be internalized and degraded within Sertoli cells by entosis during the non-spermatogenic phase, which precedes the next reproductive cycle in P. sinensis. In the late spermatogenic phase, round-shaped mitochondria of spermatids become elongated and swollen, subsequently forming a crescent-like shape and develop into "onion-like" shaped mitochondria. As spermiogenesis progresses, the endoplasmic reticulum of spermatids is transferred into a specialized structure called the "Chrysanthemum flower center", which may be a source of autophagosomal membranes. The information provided in this review will help improve understanding of characteristics of seasonal spermatogenesis, which will hopefully promote interest in the study of reptilian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Li Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Xunguang Bian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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12
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Haseeb A, Chen H, Huang Y, Yang P, Sun X, Iqbal A, Ahmed N, Wang T, Samad Gandahi N, Bai X, Chen Q. Remodelling of mitochondria during spermiogenesis of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1514-1521. [PMID: 29759112 DOI: 10.1071/rd18010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles that have the ability to change their shape under different conditions, such as in response to stress, disease, changes in metabolic rate, energy requirements and apoptosis. In the present study, we observed remodelling of mitochondria during spermiogenesis and its relationship with mitochondria-associated granules (MAG). At the beginning of spermiogenesis, mitochondria are characterised by their round shape. As spermiogenesis progresses, the round-shaped mitochondria change into elongated and then swollen mitochondria, subsequently forming a crescent-like shape and finally developing into onion-like shaped mitochondria. We also noted changes in mitochondrial size, location and patterns of cristae at different stages of spermiogenesis. Significant differences (P<0.0001) were found in the size of the different-shaped mitochondria. In early spermatids transitioning to the granular nucleus stage, the size of the mitochondria decreased, but increased subsequently during spermiogenesis. Changes in size and morphological variations were achieved through marked mitochondrial fusion. We also observed a non-membranous structure (MAG) closely associated with mitochondria that may stimulate or control fusion during mitochondrial remodelling. The end product of this sophisticated remodelling process in turtle spermatozoa is an onion-like mitochondrion. The acquisition of this kind of mitochondrial configuration is one strategy for long-term sperm storage in turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuejing Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Adeela Iqbal
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Taozhi Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Noor Samad Gandahi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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13
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Hempfling AL, Lim SL, Adelson DL, Evans J, O'Connor AE, Qu ZP, Kliesch S, Weidner W, O'Bryan MK, Bergmann M. Expression patterns of HENMT1 and PIWIL1 in human testis: implications for transposon expression. Reproduction 2017; 154:363-374. [PMID: 28676534 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to define the expression patterns of HENMT1 and PIWI proteins in human testis and investigate their association with transposon expression, infertility sub-type or development of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Testis biopsies showing normal spermatogenesis were used to identify normal localisation patterns of HENMT1 and PIWIL1 by immunolocalisation and RT-PCR after laser microdissection. 222 testis biopsies representing normal spermatogenesis, hypospermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrests, Sertoli cell-only (SCO) tumours and TGCTs were analysed by RT-qPCR for expression of HENMT1/PIWIL1/PIWIL2/PIWIL3/PIWIL4 and LINE-1 Additionally, HENMT1-overexpressing TCam2 seminoma cell lines were analysed for the same parameters by RT-qPCR. We found that HENMT1 and PIWIL1 are coexpressed in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. Expression of HENMT1, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 was mainly dependent on germ cell content but low levels of expression were also detected in some SCO samples. Levels of HENMT1, PIWIL1 and PIWIL2 expression were low in TGCT. Samples with HENMT1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 expression showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower transposon expression compared to samples without expression in the same histological group. HENMT1-overexpressing TCam2 cells showed lower LINE-1 expression than empty vector-transfected control lines. Our findings support that the transposon-regulating function of the piRNA pathway found in the mouse is conserved in adult human testis. HENMT1 and PIWI proteins are expressed in a germ-cell-specific manner and required for transposon control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hempfling
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University Clayton, Clayton, Australia .,Institute for Veterinary AnatomyHistology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S L Lim
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University Clayton, Clayton, Australia
| | - D L Adelson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Evans
- Centre for Reproductive HealthHudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - A E O'Connor
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University Clayton, Clayton, Australia
| | - Z P Qu
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and AndrologyMuenster, Germany
| | - W Weidner
- Clinic for UrologyPediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M K O'Bryan
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash University Clayton, Clayton, Australia.,The School of Biological SciencesMonash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - M Bergmann
- Institute for Veterinary AnatomyHistology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Fujii Y, Fujita H, Yokota S. Synthesis of β-tubulin occurs within chromatoid body of round spermatids. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:197-204. [PMID: 28317275 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
mRNAs for proteins required in elongated spermatids are considered to be transcribed at an early stage and stored in cytoplasm, presumably in chromatoid body (CB), one type of nuage component (a unique structure that appears and disappears during spermatogenesis), because transcription of genes does not occur at late stages. In elongated spermatids, a large amount of tubulin molecules is required to form microtubules of manchette and flagellum. To investigate the possible role of CB in translation of tubulin mRNA, we performed immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic localization studies of α- and β-tubulin in rat spermatogenic cells. β-tubulin was detected in CB, but α-tubulin was not. Other nuage components present in pachytene spermatocytes (ISPG, IMC, SB) were negative for both α- and β-tubulin. Our findings suggest that: (i) β-tubulin in round spermatids is translated within the CB, whereas α-tubulin is not; (ii) αβ-heterodimers are formed outside CB and incorporated into microtubules of manchette and flagellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujii
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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15
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Fujii Y, Onohara Y, Fujita H, Yokota S. Argonaute2 Protein in Rat Spermatogenic Cells Is Localized to Nuage Structures and LAMP2-Positive Vesicles Surrounding Chromatoid Bodies. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:268-79. [PMID: 27029769 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416638840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of Argonaute2 (AGO2) protein--an essential component for the processing of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-directed RNA interference (RNAi) in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in nuage of rat spermatogenic cells--was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). AGO2 was shown, for the first time, to be localized to four previously classified types of nuage: irregularly shaped perinuclear granules (ISPGs), intermitochondrial cement (IMC), satellite bodies (SBs), and chromatoid bodies (CBs). Dual IEM staining for AGO2/Maelstrom (MAEL) protein or AGO2/MIWI protein demonstrated that AGO2 is colocalized with MAEL or MIWI proteins in these types of nuage. Dual IFM and IEM staining of AGO2/lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) showed that CB in round spermatids are in contact with and surrounded by LAMP2-positive vesicles, whereas nuage in pachytene spermatocytes are not. Taken together, our findings indicate that: (i) AGO2 in pachytene spermatocytes functions in ISPGs, IMC, and SBs; (ii) AGO2 in round spermatids functions in CBs, and that CBs are associated with lysosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujii
- Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (YF, YO, HF, SY)
| | - Yuko Onohara
- Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (YF, YO, HF, SY)
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (YF, YO, HF, SY)
| | - Sadaki Yokota
- Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan (YF, YO, HF, SY)
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16
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Bao J, Vitting-Seerup K, Waage J, Tang C, Ge Y, Porse BT, Yan W. UPF2-Dependent Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway Is Essential for Spermatogenesis by Selectively Eliminating Longer 3'UTR Transcripts. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005863. [PMID: 27149259 PMCID: PMC4858225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During transcription, most eukaryotic genes generate multiple alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) sites, leading to the production of transcript isoforms with variable lengths in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). In contrast to somatic cells, male germ cells, especially pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, express a distinct reservoir of mRNAs with shorter 3'UTRs that are essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying the enrichment of shorter 3'UTR transcripts in the developing male germ cells remain unknown. Here, we report that UPF2-mediated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays an essential role in male germ cells by eliminating ubiquitous genes-derived, longer 3'UTR transcripts, and that this role is independent of its canonical role in degrading "premature termination codon" (PTC)-containing transcripts in somatic cell lineages. This report provides physiological evidence supporting a noncanonical role of the NMD pathway in achieving global 3'UTR shortening in the male germ cells during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Waage
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ying Ge
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T. Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JB); (BTP); (WY)
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17
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells are the progenitor cells that give rise to the gametes. In some animals, the germline is induced by zygotic transcription factors, whereas in others, primordial germ cell specification occurs via inheritance of maternally provided gene products known as germ plasm. Once specified, the primordial germ cells of some animals must acquire motility and migrate to the gonad in order to survive. In all animals examined, perinuclear structures called germ granules form within germ cells. This review focuses on some of the recent studies, conducted by several groups using diverse systems, from invertebrates to vertebrates, which have provided mechanistic insight into the molecular regulation of germ cell specification and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Marlow
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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18
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Wang G, Zhang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang H, Sun F. Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Promotes Interplay of Proteins in Chromatoid Body of Male Germ Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12126. [PMID: 26179157 PMCID: PMC4503993 DOI: 10.1038/srep12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatoid body is a granule-like structure of male germ cells, containing many proteins and RNAs, and is important for spermatogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms for the formation and function of the chromatoid body are still elusive. Here, we report that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) accumulates in the chromatoid body by immunofluorescence staining, indicating that CaMKIV is a new component of the chromatoid body. Furthermore, we find that CaMKIV can interplay with the other components of the chromatoid body by immunoprecipitation: mouse VASA homologue (MVH), mouse homologue of PIWI, PIWIL1 (MIWI), and kinesin KIF17b. Importantly, interplay between KIF17b and MVH or MIWI can be potentially regulated by CaMKIV. These results imply that CaMKIV plays a role in maintenance the structure of chromatoid body by regulating the associations of proteins in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guishuan Wang
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Shanghai Key laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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19
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The Histochem Cell Biol conspectus: the year 2013 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 141:337-63. [PMID: 24610091 PMCID: PMC7087837 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we provide a brief synopsis of all manuscripts published in Histochem Cell Biol in the year 2013. For ease of reference, we have divided the manuscripts into the following categories: Advances in Methodologies; Molecules in Health and Disease; Organelles, Subcellular Structures and Compartments; Golgi Apparatus; Intermediate Filaments and Cytoskeleton; Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix; Autophagy; Stem Cells; Musculoskeletal System; Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems; Gastrointestinal Tract; Central Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System; Excretory Glands; Kidney and Urinary Bladder; and Male and Female Reproductive Systems. We hope that the readership will find this annual journal synopsis of value and serve as a quick, categorized reference guide for “state-of-the-art” manuscripts in the areas of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and cell biology.
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YUAN LIQIN, XIAO YUZHONG, ZHOU QIUZHI, YUAN DONGMEI, WU BAIPING, CHEN GANNONG, ZHOU JIANLIN. Proteomic analysis reveals that MAEL, a component of nuage, interacts with stress granule proteins in cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:342-50. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Tumor cells frequently exhibit widespread epigenetic aberrations that significantly alter the repertoire of expressed proteins. In particular, it has been known for nearly 25 years that tumors frequently reactivate genes whose expression is typically restricted to germ cells. These gene products are classified as cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) owing to their biased expression pattern and their immunogenicity in cancer patients. While these genes have been pursued as targets for anticancer vaccines, whether these reactivated testis proteins have roles in supporting tumorigenic features is less studied. Recent evidence now indicates that these proteins can be directly employed by the tumor cell regulatory environment to support cell-autonomous behaviors. Here, we review the history of the CTA field and present recent findings indicating that CTAs can play functional roles in supporting tumorigenesis.
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Kawahara C, Yokota S, Fujita H. DDX6 localizes to nuage structures and the annulus of mammalian spermatogenic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 141:111-21. [PMID: 24141902 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The localization of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 6 (DDX6) in spermatogenic cells from the mouse, rat, and guinea pig was studied by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Spermatogenic cells from these species yielded similar DDX6 localization pattern. IF microscopy results showed that DDX6 localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm of spermatogenic cells, diffuse cytosolic and discrete granular staining was observed, with the staining pattern changing during cell differentiation. IEM revealed that DDX6 localized to the five different types of nuage structures and non-nuage structures, including small granule aggregate and late spermatid annuli. Nuclear labeling was strongest in leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes and moderately strong in the nuclear pocket of late spermatids. DDX6 also localized to the surface of outer dense fibers, which comprise of flagella. The results show that DDX6 is present in nuage and non-nuage structures as well as nuclei, suggesting that DDX6 has diverse functions in spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Kawahara
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Huis Ten Bosch 2825-7, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-329, Japan
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