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Orti R, Coello Y, Ruotolo F, Vincent M, Bartolo A, Iachini T, Ruggiero G. Cortical Correlates of Visuospatial Switching Processes Between Egocentric and Allocentric Frames of Reference: A fNIRS Study. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:712-730. [PMID: 38315347 PMCID: PMC11393019 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Human beings represent spatial information according to egocentric (body-to-object) and allocentric (object-to-object) frames of reference. In everyday life, we constantly switch from one frame of reference to another in order to react effectively to the specific needs of the environment and task demands. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the cortical activity of switching and non-switching processes between egocentric and allocentric spatial encodings. To this aim, a custom-designed visuo-spatial memory task was administered and the cortical activities underlying switching vs non-switching spatial processes were investigated. Changes in concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants were asked to memorize triads of geometric objects and then make two consecutive judgments about the same triad. In the non-switching condition, both spatial judgments considered the same frame of reference: only egocentric or only allocentric. In the switching condition, if the first judgment was egocentric, the second one was allocentric (or vice versa). The results showed a generalized activation of the frontal regions during the switching compared to the non-switching condition. Additionally, increased cortical activity was found in the temporo-parietal junction during the switching condition compared to the non-switching condition. Overall, these results illustrate the cortical activity underlying the processing of switching between body position and environmental stimuli, showing an important role of the temporo-parietal junction and frontal regions in the preparation and switching between egocentric and allocentric reference frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Orti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Yann Coello
- UMR 9193, SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francesco Ruotolo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marion Vincent
- UMR 9193, SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Angela Bartolo
- UMR 9193, SCALab, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tina Iachini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Faryadras M, Burles F, Iaria G, Davidsen J. Functional brain networks in Developmental Topographical Disorientation. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae104. [PMID: 38566506 PMCID: PMC10987990 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite a decade-long study on Developmental Topographical Disorientation, the underlying mechanism behind this neurological condition remains unknown. This lifelong selective inability in orientation, which causes these individuals to get lost even in familiar surroundings, is present in the absence of any other neurological disorder or acquired brain damage. Herein, we report an analysis of the functional brain network of individuals with Developmental Topographical Disorientation ($n = 19$) compared against that of healthy controls ($n = 21$), all of whom underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, to identify if and how their underlying functional brain network is altered. While the established resting-state networks (RSNs) are confirmed in both groups, there is, on average, a greater connectivity and connectivity strength, in addition to increased global and local efficiency in the overall functional network of the Developmental Topographical Disorientation group. In particular, there is an enhanced connectivity between some RSNs facilitated through indirect functional paths. We identify a handful of nodes that encode part of these differences. Overall, our findings provide strong evidence that the brain networks of individuals suffering from Developmental Topographical Disorientation are modified by compensatory mechanisms, which might open the door for new diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Faryadras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 AB, Canada
| | - Ford Burles
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 AB, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1 AB, Canada
| | - Jörn Davidsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1 AB, Canada
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3
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Saccone EJ, Tian M, Bedny M. Developing cortex is functionally pluripotent: Evidence from blindness. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101360. [PMID: 38394708 PMCID: PMC10899073 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
How rigidly does innate architecture constrain function of developing cortex? What is the contribution of early experience? We review insights into these questions from visual cortex function in people born blind. In blindness, occipital cortices are active during auditory and tactile tasks. What 'cross-modal' plasticity tells us about cortical flexibility is debated. On the one hand, visual networks of blind people respond to higher cognitive information, such as sentence grammar, suggesting drastic repurposing. On the other, in line with 'metamodal' accounts, sighted and blind populations show shared domain preferences in ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC), suggesting visual areas switch input modality but perform the same or similar perceptual functions (e.g., face recognition) in blindness. Here we bring these disparate literatures together, reviewing and synthesizing evidence that speaks to whether visual cortices have similar or different functions in blind and sighted people. Together, the evidence suggests that in blindness, visual cortices are incorporated into higher-cognitive (e.g., fronto-parietal) networks, which are a major source long-range input to the visual system. We propose the connectivity-constrained experience-dependent account. Functional development is constrained by innate anatomical connectivity, experience and behavioral needs. Infant cortex is pluripotent, the same anatomical constraints develop into different functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Saccone
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mengyu Tian
- Center for Educational Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
| | - Marina Bedny
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Read ML, Berry SC, Graham KS, Voets NL, Zhang J, Aggleton JP, Lawrence AD, Hodgetts CJ. Scene-selectivity in CA1/subicular complex: Multivoxel pattern analysis at 7T. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108783. [PMID: 38161052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Prior univariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans suggest that the anteromedial subicular complex of the hippocampus is a hub for scene-based cognition. However, it is possible that univariate approaches were not sufficiently sensitive to detect scene-related activity in other subfields that have been implicated in spatial processing (e.g., CA1). Further, as connectivity-based functional gradients in the hippocampus do not respect classical subfield boundary definitions, category selectivity may be distributed across anatomical subfields. Region-of-interest approaches, therefore, may limit our ability to observe category selectivity across discrete subfield boundaries. To address these issues, we applied searchlight multivariate pattern analysis to 7T fMRI data of healthy adults who undertook a simultaneous visual odd-one-out discrimination task for scene and non-scene (including face) visual stimuli, hypothesising that scene classification would be possible in multiple hippocampal regions within, but not constrained to, anteromedial subicular complex and CA1. Indeed, we found that the scene-selective searchlight map overlapped not only with anteromedial subicular complex (distal subiculum, pre/para subiculum), but also inferior CA1, alongside posteromedial (including retrosplenial) and parahippocampal cortices. Probabilistic overlap maps revealed gradients of scene category selectivity, with the strongest overlap located in the medial hippocampus, converging with searchlight findings. This was contrasted with gradients of face category selectivity, which had stronger overlap in more lateral hippocampus, supporting ideas of parallel processing streams for these two categories. Our work helps to map the scene, in contrast to, face processing networks within, and connected to, the human hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lucie Read
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Samuel C Berry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kim S Graham
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Dugald Stewart Building, University of Edinburgh, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Natalie L Voets
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Building, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU2, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8DD, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, Dugald Stewart Building, University of Edinburgh, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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5
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Watson DM, Andrews TJ. Mapping the functional and structural connectivity of the scene network. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26628. [PMID: 38376190 PMCID: PMC10878195 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The recognition and perception of places has been linked to a network of scene-selective regions in the human brain. While previous studies have focussed on functional connectivity between scene-selective regions themselves, less is known about their connectivity with other cortical and subcortical regions in the brain. Here, we determine the functional and structural connectivity profile of the scene network. We used fMRI to examine functional connectivity between scene regions and across the whole brain during rest and movie-watching. Connectivity within the scene network revealed a bias between posterior and anterior scene regions implicated in perceptual and mnemonic aspects of scene perception respectively. Differences between posterior and anterior scene regions were also evident in the connectivity with cortical and subcortical regions across the brain. For example, the Occipital Place Area (OPA) and posterior Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) showed greater connectivity with visual and dorsal attention networks, while anterior PPA and Retrosplenial Complex showed preferential connectivity with default mode and frontoparietal control networks and the hippocampus. We further measured the structural connectivity of the scene network using diffusion tractography. This indicated both similarities and differences with the functional connectivity, highlighting biases between posterior and anterior regions, but also between ventral and dorsal scene regions. Finally, we quantified the structural connectivity between the scene network and major white matter tracts throughout the brain. These findings provide a map of the functional and structural connectivity of scene-selective regions to each other and the rest of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Watson
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging CentreUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Timothy J. Andrews
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging CentreUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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6
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Bolton TAW, Van De Ville D, Régis J, Witjas T, Girard N, Levivier M, Tuleasca C. Dynamic functional changes upon thalamotomy in essential tremor depend on baseline brain morphometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2605. [PMID: 38297028 PMCID: PMC10831051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with drug-resistant essential tremor (ET) may undergo Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy (SRS-T), where the ventro-intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) is lesioned by focused beams of gamma radiations to induce clinical improvement. Here, we studied SRS-T impacts on left Vim dynamic functional connectivity (dFC, n = 23 ET patients scanned before and 1 year after intervention), and on surface-based morphometric brain features (n = 34 patients, including those from dFC analysis). In matched healthy controls (HCs), three dFC states were extracted from resting-state functional MRI data. In ET patients, state 1 spatial stability increased upon SRS-T (F1,22 = 19.13, p = 0.004). More frequent expression of state 3 over state 1 before SRS-T correlated with greater clinical recovery in a way that depended on the MR signature volume (t6 = 4.6, p = 0.004). Lower pre-intervention spatial variability in state 3 expression also did (t6 = - 4.24, p = 0.005) and interacted with the presence of familial ET so that these patients improved less (t6 = 4.14, p = 0.006). ET morphometric profiles showed significantly lower similarity to HCs in 13 regions upon SRS-T (z ≤ - 3.66, p ≤ 0.022), and a joint analysis revealed that before thalamotomy, morphometric similarity and states 2/3 mean spatial similarity to HCs were anticorrelated, a relationship that disappeared upon SRS-T (z ≥ 4.39, p < 0.001). Our results show that left Vim functional dynamics directly relates to upper limb tremor lowering upon intervention, while morphometry instead has a supporting role in reshaping such dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A W Bolton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Régis
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Neurology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Levivier
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Constantin Tuleasca
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Chang K, Ling JP, Redding-Ochoa J, An Y, Li L, Dean SA, Blanchard TG, Pylyukh T, Barrett A, Irwin KE, Moghekar A, Resnick SM, Wong PC, Troncoso JC. Loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs early in the aging population and is associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes and cognitive decline. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 147:4. [PMID: 38133681 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
LATE-NC, the neuropathologic changes of limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) encephalopathy are frequently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The association of TDP-43 proteinopathy with AD neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and its impact on specific cognitive domains are not fully understood and whether loss of TDP-43 function occurs early in the aging brain remains unknown. Here, using a large set of autopsies from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and another younger cohort, we were able to study brains from subjects 21-109 years of age. Examination of these brains show that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression, as judged by TDP-43 nuclear clearance and expression of a cryptic exon in HDGFL2, first occurs during the 6th decade, preceding by a decade the appearance of TDP-43+ neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs). We corroborated this observation using a monoclonal antibody to demonstrate a cryptic exon-encoded neoepitope within HDGFL2 in neurons exhibiting nuclear clearance of TDP-43. TDP-43 nuclear clearance is associated with increased burden of tau pathology. Age at death, female sex, high CERAD neuritic plaque score, and high Braak neurofibrillary stage significantly increase the odds of LATE-NC. Faster rates of cognitive decline on verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall), visuospatial ability (Card Rotations Test), mental status (MMSE) and semantic fluency (Category Fluency Test) were associated with LATE-NC. Notably, the effects of LATE-NC on verbal memory and visuospatial ability are independent of ADNC. However, the effects of TDP-43 nuclear clearance in absence of NCI on the longitudinal trajectories and levels of cognitive measures are not significant. These results establish that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression is an early event occurring in the aging population during the development of TDP-43 proteinopathy and is associated with increased tau pathology. Furthermore, LATE-NC correlates with high levels of ADNC but also has an impact on specific memory and visuospatial functions in aging that is independent of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A Dean
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tatiana Pylyukh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Barrett
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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8
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Zhao M, Liu J, Liu Y, Kang P. Effects of mental rotation on map representation in orienteers-behavioral and fNIRS evidence. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16299. [PMID: 37868057 PMCID: PMC10588725 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Taking orienteering as an example, this study aimed to reveal the effects of mental rotation on orienteers' map representation and their brain processing characteristics. Methods Functional near-infrared spectroscopic imaging (fNIRS) was used to explore the behavioral performance and cortical oxyhemoglobin concentration changes of map-represented cognitive processing in orienteering athletes under two task conditions: normal and rotational orientation. Results Compared to that in the normal orientation, athletes' task performance in the rotated orientation condition was significantly decreased, as evidenced by a decrease in correct rate and an increase in reaction time; in the normal orientation condition, blood oxygen activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was significantly greater than that in the ventral prefrontal lobe, which was significantly correlated with the correct rate. With rotating orientation, the brain oxygen average of each region of interest was enhanced, and the brain region specifically processed was the ventral prefrontal lobe, specifically correlating with the correct rate. Conclusions Mental rotation constrains the map representation ability of athletes, and map representation in rotational orientation requires more functional brain activity for information processing. Ventral lateral prefrontal lobe activation plays an important role in the map representation task in rotational orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingru Liu
- Physical Education Department, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyang Kang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Sulpizio V, Fattori P, Pitzalis S, Galletti C. Functional organization of the caudal part of the human superior parietal lobule. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105357. [PMID: 37572972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Like in macaque, the caudal portion of the human superior parietal lobule (SPL) plays a key role in a series of perceptive, visuomotor and somatosensory processes. Here, we review the functional properties of three separate portions of the caudal SPL, i.e., the posterior parieto-occipital sulcus (POs), the anterior POs, and the anterior part of the caudal SPL. We propose that the posterior POs is mainly dedicated to the analysis of visual motion cues useful for object motion detection during self-motion and for spatial navigation, while the more anterior parts are implicated in visuomotor control of limb actions. The anterior POs is mainly involved in using the spotlight of attention to guide reach-to-grasp hand movements, especially in dynamic environments. The anterior part of the caudal SPL plays a central role in visually guided locomotion, being implicated in controlling leg-related movements as well as the four limbs interaction with the environment, and in encoding egomotion-compatible optic flow. Together, these functions reveal how the caudal SPL is strongly implicated in skilled visually-guided behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ''Foro Italico'', Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Bray NW, Pieruccini-Faria F, Witt ST, Bartha R, Doherty TJ, Nagamatsu LS, Almeida QJ, Liu-Ambrose T, Middleton LE, Bherer L, Montero-Odasso M. Combining exercise with cognitive training and vitamin D 3 to improve functional brain connectivity (FBC) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results from the SYNERGIC trial. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6. [PMID: 37162700 PMCID: PMC10170058 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in functional brain connectivity (FBC) may indicate how lifestyle modifications can prevent the progression to dementia; FBC identifies areas that are spatially separate but temporally synchronized in their activation and is altered in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state between healthy cognitive aging and dementia. Participants with MCI were randomly assigned to one of five study arms. Three times per week for 20-weeks, participants performed 30-min of (control) cognitive training, followed by 60-min of (control) physical exercise. Additionally, a vitamin D3 (10,000 IU/pill) or a placebo capsule was ingested three times per week for 20-weeks. Using the CONN toolbox, we measured FBC change (Post-Pre) across four statistical models that collapsed for and/or included some or all study arms. We conducted Pearson correlations between FBC change and changes in physical and cognitive functioning. Our sample included 120 participants (mean age: 73.89 ± 6.50). Compared to the pure control, physical exercise (model one; p-False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01 & < 0.05) with cognitive training (model two; p-FDR = < 0.001), and all three interventions combined (model four; p-FDR = < 0.01) demonstrated an increase in FBC between regions of the Default-Mode Network (i.e., hippocampus and angular gyrus). After controlling for false discovery rate, there were no significant correlations between change in connectivity and change in cognitive or physical function. Physical exercise alone appears to be as efficacious as combined interventional strategies in altering FBC, but implications for behavioral outcomes remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick W Bray
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada.
| | - Frederico Pieruccini-Faria
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
| | - Suzanne T Witt
- BrainsCAN, Western University, London, ON, N6A-3K7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5B7, Canada
| | - Timothy J Doherty
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Nagamatsu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, N6G-2V4, Canada
| | - Quincy J Almeida
- Faculty of Science, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3C5, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T-1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura E Middleton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L-3G1, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T-1J4, Canada
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, H1T-1C8, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 550 Wellington Road, Room A3-116, London, ON, N6C-0A7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A-5C1, Canada.
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11
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Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The human posterior parietal cortex: effective connectome, and its relation to function. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3142-3170. [PMID: 35834902 PMCID: PMC10401905 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective connectivity between 21 regions in the human posterior parietal cortex, and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants using the HCP atlas, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. Intraparietal areas LIP, VIP, MIP, and AIP have connectivity from early cortical visual regions, and to visuomotor regions such as the frontal eye fields, consistent with functions in eye saccades and tracking. Five superior parietal area 7 regions receive from similar areas and from the intraparietal areas, but also receive somatosensory inputs and connect with premotor areas including area 6, consistent with functions in performing actions to reach for, grasp, and manipulate objects. In the anterior inferior parietal cortex, PFop, PFt, and PFcm are mainly somatosensory, and PF in addition receives visuo-motor and visual object information, and is implicated in multimodal shape and body image representations. In the posterior inferior parietal cortex, PFm and PGs combine visuo-motor, visual object, and reward input and connect with the hippocampal system. PGi in addition provides a route to motion-related superior temporal sulcus regions involved in social interactions. PGp has connectivity with intraparietal regions involved in coordinate transforms and may be involved in idiothetic update of hippocampal visual scene representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
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12
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Teghil A, Bonavita A, Procida F, Giove F, Boccia M. Intrinsic hippocampal connectivity is associated with individual differences in retrospective duration processing. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:687-695. [PMID: 36695891 PMCID: PMC9944733 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of incidentally encoded durations of time intervals (retrospective duration processing) is thought to rely on the retrieval of contextual information associated with a sequence of events, automatically encoded in medial temporal lobe regions. "Time cells" have been described in the hippocampus (HC), encoding the temporal progression of events and their duration. However, whether the HC supports explicit retrospective duration judgments in humans, and which neural dynamics are involved, is still poorly understood. Here we used resting-state fMRI to test the relation between variations in intrinsic connectivity patterns of the HC, and individual differences in retrospective duration processing, assessed using a novel task involving the presentation of ecological stimuli. Results showed that retrospective duration discrimination performance predicted variations in the intrinsic connectivity of the bilateral HC with the right precentral gyrus; follow-up exploratory analyses suggested a role of the CA1 and CA4/DG subfields in driving the observed pattern. Findings provide insights on neural networks associated with implicit processing of durations in the second range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Bonavita
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy ,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy ,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Procida
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giove
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy ,MARBILab, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy ,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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13
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Kody E, Diwadkar VA. Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to brain network dysfunction during learning and memory: Implications for schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:520-531. [PMID: 36351307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Memory deficits are core features of schizophrenia, and a central aim in biological psychiatry is to identify the etiology of these deficits. Scrutiny is naturally focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal cortices, given these structures' roles in memory and learning. The fronto-hippocampal framework is valuable but restrictive. Network-based underpinnings of learning and memory are substantially diverse and include interactions between hetero-modal and early sensory networks. Thus, a loss of fidelity in sensory information may impact memorial and cognitive processing in higher-order brain sub-networks, becoming a sensory source for learning and memory deficits. In this overview, we suggest that impairments in magno- and parvo-cellular visual pathways result in degraded inputs to core learning and memory networks. The ascending cascade of aberrant neural events significantly contributes to learning and memory deficits in schizophrenia. We outline the network bases of these effects, and suggest that any network perspectives of dysfunction in schizophrenia must assess the impact of impaired perceptual contributions. Finally, we speculate on how this framework enriches the space of biomarkers and expands intervention strategies to ameliorate this prototypical disconnection syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kody
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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14
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Pidnebesna A, Sanda P, Kalina A, Hammer J, Marusic P, Vlcek K, Hlinka J. Tackling the challenges of group network inference from intracranial EEG data. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1061867. [PMID: 36532288 PMCID: PMC9752888 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1061867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial EEG (iEEG) data is a powerful way to map brain function, characterized by high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing the study of interactions among neuronal populations that orchestrate cognitive processing. However, the statistical inference and analysis of brain networks using iEEG data faces many challenges related to its sparse brain coverage, and its inhomogeneity across patients. METHODS We review these challenges and develop a methodological pipeline for estimation of network structure not obtainable from any single patient, illustrated on the inference of the interaction among visual streams using a dataset of 27 human iEEG recordings from a visual experiment employing visual scene stimuli. 100 ms sliding window and multiple band-pass filtered signals are used to provide temporal and spectral resolution. For the connectivity analysis we showcase two connectivity measures reflecting different types of interaction between regions of interest (ROI): Phase Locking Value as a symmetric measure of synchrony, and Directed Transfer Function-asymmetric measure describing causal interaction. For each two channels, initial uncorrected significance testing at p < 0.05 for every time-frequency point is carried out by comparison of the data-derived connectivity to a baseline surrogate-based null distribution, providing a binary time-frequency connectivity map. For each ROI pair, a connectivity density map is obtained by averaging across all pairs of channels spanning them, effectively agglomerating data across relevant channels and subjects. Finally, the difference of the mean map value after and before the stimulation is compared to the same statistic in surrogate data to assess link significance. RESULTS The analysis confirmed the function of the parieto-medial temporal pathway, mediating visuospatial information between dorsal and ventral visual streams during visual scene analysis. Moreover, we observed the anterior hippocampal connectivity with more posterior areas in the medial temporal lobe, and found the reciprocal information flow between early processing areas and medial place area. DISCUSSION To summarize, we developed an approach for estimating network connectivity, dealing with the challenge of sparse individual coverage of intracranial EEG electrodes. Its application provided new insights into the interaction between the dorsal and ventral visual streams, one of the iconic dualities in human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pidnebesna
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Sanda
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Kalina
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Marusic
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kamil Vlcek
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
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15
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Hao X, Chen Z, Huang T, Song Y, Kong X, Liu J. Dissociation of categorical and coordinate spatial relations on dynamic network organization states. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:972375. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.972375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can flexibly represent both categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Previous research has mainly focused on hemisphere lateralization in representing these two types of spatial relations, but little is known about how distinct network organization states support representations of the two. Here we used dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC) to explore this question. To do this, we separated a meta-identified navigation network into a ventral and two other subnetworks. We revealed a Weak State and a Strong State within the ventral subnetwork and a Negative State and a Positive State between the ventral and other subnetworks. Further, we found the Weak State (i.e., weak but positive FC) within the ventral subnetwork was related to the ability of categorical relation recognition, suggesting that the representation of categorical spatial relations was related to weak integration among focal regions in the navigation network. In contrast, the Negative State (i.e., negative FC) between the ventral and other subnetworks was associated with the ability of coordinate relation processing, suggesting that the representation of coordinate spatial relations may require competitive interactions among widely distributed regions. In sum, our study provides the first empirical evidence revealing different focal and distributed organizations of the navigation network in representing different types of spatial information.
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16
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“Where am I?” A snapshot of the developmental topographical disorientation among young Italian adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271334. [PMID: 35857777 PMCID: PMC9299294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, several cases affected by Developmental Topographical Disorientation (DTD) have been described. DTD consists of a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the ability to orient in the environment despite well-preserved cognitive functions, and in the absence of a brain lesion or other neurological or psychiatric conditions. Described cases showed different impairments in navigational skills ranging from topographic memory deficits to landmark agnosia. All cases lacked a mental representation of the environment that would allow them to use high-order spatial orientation strategies. In addition to the single case studies, a group study performed in Canada showed that the disorder is more widespread than imagined. The present work intends to investigate the occurrence of the disorder in 1,698 young Italian participants. The sample is deliberately composed of individuals aged between 18 and 35 years to exclude people who could manifest the loss of the ability to navigate as a result of an onset of cognitive decline. The sample was collected between 2016 and 2019 using the Qualtrics platform, by which the Familiarity and Spatial Cognitive Style Scale and anamnestic interview were administered. The data showed that the disorder is present in 3% of the sample and that the sense of direction is closely related to town knowledge, navigational strategies adopted, and gender. In general, males use more complex navigational strategies than females, although DTD is more prevalent in males than in females, in line with the already described cases. Finally, the paper discusses which protective factors can reduce DTD onset and which intervention measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of navigational disorders, which severely impact individuals’ autonomy and social relationships.
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17
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Palermo L, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Nori R. Congenital lack and extraordinary ability in object and spatial imagery: An investigation on sub-types of aphantasia and hyperphantasia. Conscious Cogn 2022; 103:103360. [PMID: 35691243 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies that have shown a distinction between object and spatial imagery suggest more than one type of aphantasia and hyperphantasia, yet this has not been systematically investigated in studies on imagery ability extremes. Also, if the involuntary imagery is preserved in aphantasia and how this condition affects other skills is not fully clear. We collected data on spatial and object imagery, retrospective, and prospective memory, face recognition, and sense of direction (SOD), suggesting a distinction between two subtypes of aphantasia/hyperphantasia. Spatial aphantasia is associated with difficulties in visuo-spatial mental imagery and SOD. Instead, in object aphantasia there are difficulties in imaging single items and events - with no mental visualization of objects, out-of-focus, and black-and-white mental images more frequent than expected - in SOD and face recognition. Furthermore, associative involuntary imagery can be spared in aphantasia. The opposite pattern of performance was found in spatial and object hyperphantasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, 'Magna Graecia' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nori
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Mirino P, Pecchinenda A, Boccia M, Capirchio A, D’Antonio F, Guariglia C. Cerebellum-Cortical Interaction in Spatial Navigation and Its Alteration in Dementias. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050523. [PMID: 35624910 PMCID: PMC9138670 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has a homogeneous structure and performs different computational functions such as modulation/coordination of the communication between cerebral regions, and regulation/integration of sensory information. Albeit cerebellar activity is generally associated with motor functions, several recent studies link it to various cognitive functions, including spatial navigation. In addition, cerebellar activity plays a modulatory role in different cognitive domains and brain processes. Depending on the network involved, cerebellar damage results in specific functional alterations, even when no function loss might be detected. In the present review, we discuss evidence of brainstem degeneration and of a substantial reduction of neurons in nuclei connected to the inferior olivary nucleus in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the rich patterns of afferences from the inferior olive nucleus to the cerebellum, we argue that the subtle alterations in spatial navigation described in the early stages of dementia stem from alterations of the neuromodulatory functions of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Mirino
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
- Ph.D. Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Pecchinenda
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Capirchio
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizia D’Antonio
- Department of Human Neurosciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (A.P.); (M.B.)
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tullo MG, Almgren H, Van de Steen F, Sulpizio V, Marinazzo D, Galati G. Individual differences in mental imagery modulate effective connectivity of scene-selective regions during resting state. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1831-1842. [PMID: 35312868 PMCID: PMC9098601 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful navigation relies on the ability to identify, perceive, and correctly process the spatial structure of a scene. It is well known that visual mental imagery plays a crucial role in navigation. Indeed, cortical regions encoding navigationally relevant information are also active during mental imagery of navigational scenes. However, it remains unknown whether their intrinsic activity and connectivity reflect the individuals' ability to imagine a scene. Here, we primarily investigated the intrinsic causal interactions among scene-selective brain regions such as Parahipoccampal Place Area (PPA), Retrosplenial Complex, and Occipital Place Area (OPA) using Dynamic Causal Modelling for resting-state functional magnetic resonance data. Second, we tested whether resting-state effective connectivity parameters among scene-selective regions could reflect individual differences in mental imagery in our sample, as assessed by the self-reported Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. We found an inhibitory influence of occipito-medial on temporal regions, and an excitatory influence of more anterior on more medial and posterior brain regions. Moreover, we found that a key role in imagery is played by the connection strength from OPA to PPA, especially in the left hemisphere, since the influence of the signal between these scene-selective regions positively correlated with good mental imagery ability. Our investigation contributes to the understanding of the complexity of the causal interaction among brain regions involved in navigation and provides new insight in understanding how an essential ability, such as mental imagery, can be explained by the intrinsic fluctuation of brain signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Tullo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Benevento, 6, 00161, Roma, RM, Italy. .,Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Hannes Almgren
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frederik Van de Steen
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,AIMS, Center For Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Marinazzo
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Benevento, 6, 00161, Roma, RM, Italy.,Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Derbie AY, Chau BKH, Chan CCH. Functional and Structural Architectures of Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Coding in Aging: A Combined DTI and fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2022; 12:802975. [PMID: 35153982 PMCID: PMC8831882 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.802975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAging disrupts the optimal balance between neural nodes underlying orienting and attention control functions. Previous studies have suggested that age-related changes in cognitive process are associated to the changes in the myelinated fiber bundles, which affected the speed and actions of the signal propagation across different neural networks. However, whether the age-related difference in allocentric and egocentric spatial coding is accounted by the difference in white-matter integrity is unclear. In this study, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought to elucidate whether age-related differences in white matter integrity accounts for the difference in nodes to the distributed spatial coding-relevant brain networks.Material and MethodOlder (n = 24) and younger (n = 27) participants completed the structural DTI and fMRI scans during which they engaged in a cue-to-target task to elicit allocentric or egocentric processes.Results and ConclusionEfficient modulation of both allocentric and egocentric spatial coding in fronto-parietal attention network (FPAN) requires structure–function interaction. Allocentric task-modulated connectivity of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) with the temporal lobe was influenced by the aging differences of the white-matter tracts of the posterior and superior corona radiata (PCR and SCR), respectively. On the other hand, aging difference of the superior longitudinal fasciculus mainly influenced the egocentric-task-modulated connections of the DAN and FPN with frontal regions and posterior cingulate cortex. This study suggested that functional connections of the FPAN with near and far task-relevant nodes vary significantly with age and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiot Y. Derbie
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Abiot Y. Derbie
| | - Bolton K. H. Chau
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chetwyn C. H. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Hao X, Huang T, Song Y, Kong X, Liu J. Development of navigation network revealed by resting-state and task-state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118515. [PMID: 34454043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans possess the essential capacity to navigate in environment, supported by multiple brain regions constituting the navigation network. Recent studies on development of the navigation network mainly examined activation changes in the medial temporal regions. It is unclear how the large-scale organization of the whole navigation network develops and whether the network organizations under resting-state and task-state develop differently. We addressed these questions by examining functional connectivity (FC) of the navigation network in 122 children (10-13 years) and 260 adults. First, we identified a modular structure in the navigation network during resting-state that included a ventral and a dorsal module. Then, we found that the intrinsic modular structure was strengthened from children to adults, that is, adults showed stronger FC within the ventral module and weaker FC between ventral and dorsal modules than children. Further, the intrinsic modular structure was loosened when performing scene-viewing task, that is, both adults and children showed decreased within-ventral FC and increased between-module FC during task- than resting-state. Finally, the task-modulated FC changes were greater in adults than in children. In sum, our study reveals age-related changes in the navigation network organization as increasing modularity under resting-state and increasing flexibility under task-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Central China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China; School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taicheng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology & Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Teghil A, Bonavita A, Guariglia C, Boccia M. Commonalities and specificities between environmental navigation and autobiographical memory: A synthesis and a theoretical perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:928-945. [PMID: 34102149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that declarative memory evolved from spatial navigation, with episodic memory having its roots in mechanisms of egocentric navigation and semantic memory in those of allocentric navigation; however, whether these brain networks actually overlap is still unclear. Using Activation Likelihood Estimation, we assessed the correspondence between brain correlates of spatial navigation (SN) and autobiographical memory (AM), further testing whether neural substrates of episodic memory (EAM) and egocentric navigation, and those of semantic memory (SAM) and map-like navigation, coincide. SN and AM commonly activated the parahippocampal gyrus and middle hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex and right angular gyrus, but also involved distinct brain regions. Similarly, EAM and egocentric navigation, besides sharing a network involving the right angular gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus, activated distinct brain regions; no region was commonly activated by SAM and allocentric navigation. We discuss findings in the light of theories on the relation between navigation and memory, and propose a new theoretical perspective, which takes into account the dynamic nature of navigational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bonavita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Deantoni M, Villemonteix T, Balteau E, Schmidt C, Peigneux P. Post-Training Sleep Modulates Topographical Relearning-Dependent Resting State Activity. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040476. [PMID: 33918574 PMCID: PMC8069225 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuation of experience-dependent neural activity during offline sleep and wakefulness episodes is a critical component of memory consolidation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offline consolidation effects have been evidenced probing behavioural and neurophysiological changes during memory retrieval, i.e., in the context of task practice. Resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) further allows investigating the offline evolution of recently learned information without the confounds of online task-related effects. We used rsfMRI to investigate sleep-related changes in seed-based resting functional connectivity (FC) and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) after spatial navigation learning and relearning. On Day 1, offline resting state activity was measured immediately before and after topographical learning in a virtual town. On Day 4, it was measured again before and after relearning in an extended version of the town. Navigation-related activity was also recorded during target retrieval, i.e., online. Participants spent the first post-training night under regular sleep (RS) or sleep deprivation (SD) conditions. Results evidence FC and ALFF changes in task-related neural networks, indicating the continuation of navigation-related activity in the resting state. Although post-training sleep did not modulate behavioural performance, connectivity analyses evidenced increased FC after post-training SD between navigation-related brain structures during relearning in the extended environment. These results suggest that memory traces were less efficiently consolidated after post-learning SD, eventually resulting in the use of compensatory brain resources to link previously stored spatial elements with the newly presented information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Deantoni
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Lab, Paris 8 University, Rue de la Liberté 2, 93,526 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Evelyne Balteau
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Schmidt
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
- Psychology and Neurosciences of Cognition (PsyNCog), Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, Place des Orateurs, 3, Bâtiment B33, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF) at CRCN—Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI—ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP191 Av. F. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; (M.D.); (T.V.)
- CRC-GIGA In Vivo Imaging, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bâtiment B30, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (E.B.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhu L, Xiong X, Dong X, Zhao Y, Kawczyński A, Chen A, Wang W. Working memory network plasticity after exercise intervention detected by task and resting-state functional MRI. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1621-1632. [PMID: 33629647 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1891722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of an 11-week exercise intervention on brain activity during a working memory (WM) task and resting-state functional network connectivity in deaf children. Twenty-six deaf children were randomly assigned to either an 11-week exercise intervention or control conditions. Before and after the exercise intervention, all participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during N-back task performance and a resting state. The behavioural results showed that the exercise intervention improved WM performance. Task activation analyses showed an increase in the parietal, occipital, and temporal gyri and hippocampus and hippocampus (HIP). In addition, WM performance improvements were associated with greater activation in the left HIP region. Resting-state functional connectivity (Rs-FC) between HIP and certain other brain areas shown a significant interaction of group (exercise versus no exercise) and time (pre- and postintervention). Moreover, connectivity between the left HIP and left middle frontal gyrus was related to improved WM performance. These data extend current knowledge by indicating that an exercise intervention can improve WM in deaf children, and these enhancements may be related to the WM network plasticity changes induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Xiong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adam Kawczyński
- Department of Paralympics Sports, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:667-697. [PMID: 33621637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem data, emphasizing meta-analyses and other large studies, which collectively reveal few reliable sex/gender differences and a history of unreplicated claims. Males' brains are larger than females' from birth, stabilizing around 11 % in adults. This size difference accounts for other reproducible findings: higher white/gray matter ratio, intra- versus interhemispheric connectivity, and regional cortical and subcortical volumes in males. But when structural and lateralization differences are present independent of size, sex/gender explains only about 1% of total variance. Connectome differences and multivariate sex/gender prediction are largely based on brain size, and perform poorly across diverse populations. Task-based fMRI has especially failed to find reproducible activation differences between men and women in verbal, spatial or emotion processing due to high rates of false discovery. Overall, male/female brain differences appear trivial and population-specific. The human brain is not "sexually dimorphic."
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26
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Baumann O, Mattingley JB. Extrahippocampal contributions to spatial navigation in humans: A review of the neuroimaging evidence. Hippocampus 2021; 31:640-657. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Baumann
- School of Psychology Bond University Robina Queensland Australia
| | - Jason B. Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Toronto Ontario Canada
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27
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Chen Q, Qing Z, Jin J, Sun Y, Chen W, Lu J, Lv P, Liu J, Li X, Wang J, Zhang W, Wu S, Yan X, Nedelska Z, Hort J, Zhang X, Zhang B. Ego- and allo-network disconnection underlying spatial disorientation in subjective cognitive decline. Cortex 2021; 137:35-48. [PMID: 33588131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) related dementia and mild cognitive impairment experience difficulties with spatial navigation (SN). However, SN has rarely been investigated in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a preclinical stage with elevated progression rate to symptomatic AD. In this study, 30 SCD subjects and 30 controls underwent cognitive scale (CS) evaluation, a 2D computerized SN test, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Two SN brain networks (ego-network and allo-network), each with 10 selected spherical regions, were defined. We calculated the average network functional connectivity (FC) and region-to-region FC within the two networks and evaluated correlations with SN performance. Compared with the controls, the SCD group performed worse in the SN test and showed decreased FC between the right retrosplenial and right prefrontal cortices in the ego-network, and between the right retrosplenial cortex and right hippocampus in the allo-network. The logistic regression model based on SN and FC measures revealed a high area under the curve of .880 in differentiating SCD individuals from controls. These results suggest that SN network disconnection contributes to spatial deficits in SCD, and SN and FC measures could benefit the preclinical detection of subjects with incipient AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaxuan Jin
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sichu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xian Yan
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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28
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Kunishige M, Miyaguchi H, Fukuda H, Iida T, Nami K, Ishizuki C. Spatial navigation ability is associated with the assessment of smoothness of driving during changing lanes in older drivers. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:25. [PMID: 32854780 PMCID: PMC7450806 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related changes affect driving ability, including the smoothness of driving. This operation requires the use of both allocentric strategies (based on world-centered representations) and egocentric strategies (based on self-centered representations); however, with age, a greater preference for egocentric strategies is evident when driving. Furthermore, an age-related decline occurs in both driving ability and spatial navigation. We therefore assessed the relationship between spatial navigation and driving smoothness and tested whether a driving simulator can be used to evaluate smooth lane changes in older drivers. Methods A total of 34 healthy older drivers (mean age: 68.2 ± 5.4 years old) and 20 younger drivers (mean age = 20.2 ± 5.4 years old) participated in this study. The smoothness of driving was assessed using a driving simulator and spatial navigation was assessed using the Card-Placing Test-A/B. We also assessed visual perception and general intellectual function using standard neuropsychological tests. Results Older drivers had significantly worse spatial navigation and exhibited less smooth driving than younger drivers. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between the smoothness of driving and spatial navigation within both groups. These results suggest that the deterioration in spatial navigation in older people may underlie the observed decrease in driving smoothness, and that spatial navigation and smooth driving deteriorate with age. Conclusions Considering these results, we found a significant correlation in the older group between the smoothness of vehicle movement and spatial navigation, in the smoothness of vehicle movement between the young and old groups. The smoothness values, which indices thoroughly derived from the driving simulator are indeed showing some evidence in ego/allocentric cognitions, which may change by age. The driving simulator could aid the development of intervention programs or assessment measures for drivers with a decreased function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kunishige
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Minamiku Kasumi, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Miyaguchi
- Department of Human Behavior Science of Occupational Therapy, Health Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Minamiku Kasumi, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, 3-4-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref, 731-3166, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Iida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuencho, Mihara City, Hiroshima Pref, 723-0053, Japan
| | - Kawabata Nami
- Department of Rehabilitation/Occupational Therapist, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, 3-2-1 Ozukahigashi Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref, 731-3166, Japan
| | - Chinami Ishizuki
- Department of Human Behavior Science of Occupational Therapy, Health Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Minamiku Kasumi, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref, 734-8551, Japan
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29
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Sulpizio V, Galati G, Fattori P, Galletti C, Pitzalis S. A common neural substrate for processing scenes and egomotion-compatible visual motion. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2091-2110. [PMID: 32647918 PMCID: PMC7473967 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have revealed two separate classes of category-selective regions specialized in optic flow (egomotion-compatible) processing and in scene/place perception. Despite the importance of both optic flow and scene/place recognition to estimate changes in position and orientation within the environment during self-motion, the possible functional link between egomotion- and scene-selective regions has not yet been established. Here we reanalyzed functional magnetic resonance images from a large sample of participants performing two well-known “localizer” fMRI experiments, consisting in passive viewing of navigationally relevant stimuli such as buildings and places (scene/place stimulus) and coherently moving fields of dots simulating the visual stimulation during self-motion (flow fields). After interrogating the egomotion-selective areas with respect to the scene/place stimulus and the scene-selective areas with respect to flow fields, we found that the egomotion-selective areas V6+ and pIPS/V3A responded bilaterally more to scenes/places compared to faces, and all the scene-selective areas (parahippocampal place area or PPA, retrosplenial complex or RSC, and occipital place area or OPA) responded more to egomotion-compatible optic flow compared to random motion. The conjunction analysis between scene/place and flow field stimuli revealed that the most important focus of common activation was found in the dorsolateral parieto-occipital cortex, spanning the scene-selective OPA and the egomotion-selective pIPS/V3A. Individual inspection of the relative locations of these two regions revealed a partial overlap and a similar response profile to an independent low-level visual motion stimulus, suggesting that OPA and pIPS/V3A may be part of a unique motion-selective complex specialized in encoding both egomotion- and scene-relevant information, likely for the control of navigation in a structured environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sulpizio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.,Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ''Foro Italico'', Rome, Italy
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30
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Bocchi A, Palmiero M, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Guariglia C, Piccardi L. Travel Planning Ability in Right Brain-Damaged Patients: Two Case Reports. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:117. [PMID: 32296319 PMCID: PMC7137636 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Planning ability is fundamental for goal-directed spatial navigation. Preliminary findings from patients and healthy individuals suggest that travel planning (TP)-namely, navigational planning-can be considered a distinct process from visuospatial planning (VP) ability. To shed light on this distinction, two right brain-damaged patients without hemineglect were compared with a control group on two tasks aimed at testing VP (i.e., Tower of London-16, ToL-16) and TP (i.e., Minefield Task, MFT). The former requires planning the moves to reach the right configuration of three colored beads on three pegs, whereas the latter was opportunely developed to assess TP in the navigational environment when obstacles are present. Specifically, the MFT requires participants to plan a route on a large carpet avoiding some hidden obstacles previously observed. Patient 1 showed lesions encompassing the temporoparietal region and the insula; she performed poorer than the control group on the ToL-16 but showed no deficit on the MFT. Conversely, Patient 2 showed lesions mainly located in the occipitoparietal network of spatial navigation; she performed worse than the control group on the MFT but not on the ToL-16. In both cases performances satisfied the criteria for a classical dissociation, meeting criteria for a double dissociation. These results support the idea that TP is a distinct ability and that it is dissociated from VP skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bocchi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Psychology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Boccia M, Teghil A, Guariglia C. Looking into recent and remote past: Meta-analytic evidence for cortical re-organization of episodic autobiographical memories. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Pitzalis S, Serra C, Sulpizio V, Committeri G, de Pasquale F, Fattori P, Galletti C, Sepe R, Galati G. Neural bases of self- and object-motion in a naturalistic vision. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1084-1111. [PMID: 31713304 PMCID: PMC7267932 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To plan movements toward objects our brain must recognize whether retinal displacement is due to self-motion and/or to object-motion. Here, we aimed to test whether motion areas are able to segregate these types of motion. We combined an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, brain mapping techniques, and wide-field stimulation to study the responsivity of motion-sensitive areas to pure and combined self- and object-motion conditions during virtual movies of a train running within a realistic landscape. We observed a selective response in MT to the pure object-motion condition, and in medial (PEc, pCi, CSv, and CMA) and lateral (PIC and LOR) areas to the pure self-motion condition. Some other regions (like V6) responded more to complex visual stimulation where both object- and self-motion were present. Among all, we found that some motion regions (V3A, LOR, MT, V6, and IPSmot) could extract object-motion information from the overall motion, recognizing the real movement of the train even when the images remain still (on the screen), or moved, because of self-movements. We propose that these motion areas might be good candidates for the "flow parsing mechanism," that is the capability to extract object-motion information from retinal motion signals by subtracting out the optic flow components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Serra
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Committeri
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco de Pasquale
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Sepe
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.,Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Grady CL. Meta-analytic and functional connectivity evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging for an anterior to posterior gradient of function along the hippocampal axis. Hippocampus 2019; 30:456-471. [PMID: 31589003 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence from non-human animal studies that the anterior and posterior regions of the hippocampus have different anatomical connections and support different behavioural functions. Although there are some recent human studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that have addressed this idea directly in the memory and spatial processing domains and provided support for it, there has been no broader meta-analysis of the fMRI literature to determine if there is consistent evidence for functional dissociations in anterior and posterior hippocampus across all of the different cognitive domains in which the hippocampus participates. The purpose of this review is to address this gap in our knowledge using three approaches. One approach involved PubMed searches to identify relevant fMRI papers reporting hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval, semantic retrieval, working memory, spatial navigation, simulation/scene construction, transitive inference, and social cognition tasks. The second was to use a large meta-analytic database (neurosynth) to find text terms and coactivation maps associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions identified in the literature search. The third approach was to contrast the resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions using a publicly available database that includes a large sample of adults. These three approaches provided converging evidence that not only are cognitive processes differently distributed along the hippocampal axis, but there also are distinct areas coactivated and functionally connected with the anterior and posterior segments. This anterior/posterior distinction involving multiple cognitive domains is consistent with the animal literature and provides strong support from fMRI for the idea of functional dissociations across the long axis of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Grady
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Boccia M, Bonavita A, Diana S, Di Vita A, Ciurli MP, Guariglia C. Topographical Disorientation: Clinical and Theoretical Significance of Long-Lasting Improvements Following Imagery-Based Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:322. [PMID: 31616267 PMCID: PMC6764239 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies on acquired topographical disorientation have provided useful insights into the contribution of different brain regions to human navigation. However, little is known about the possibility to restore navigational skills after brain damage. Here we describe the case of No Longer Lost (NLL), a 49-year-old man who complained of severe topographical disorientation following traumatic brain injury. Extensive neuropsychological evaluation at baseline revealed selective episodic memory deficits and topographical disorientation. NLL underwent 8-week imagery-based treatment (IBT) inspired by current cognitive models of human spatial navigation. After IBT, NLL improved topographical skills and episodic memory. From a clinical point of view, the present study describes a model-based intervention for topographical disorientation. From a theoretical point of view, it provides new insights into the cognitive models of human spatial navigation and straightforward evidence about common phylogenetic roots of brain mechanisms devoted to spatial navigation and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bonavita
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Diana
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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35
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Brunyé TT, Hussey EK, Fontes EB, Ward N. Modulating Applied Task Performance via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:140. [PMID: 31114491 PMCID: PMC6503100 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and applied research are increasingly adopting transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) for modulating perceptual, cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Industry and defense applications of tES hold potential for accelerating training and knowledge acquisition and sustaining work-related performance in the face of fatigue, workload, and stress. This mini-review article describes the promises and perils of tES, and reviews research testing its influence on two broad applied areas: sustaining and dividing attention, and operating in virtual environments. Also included is a discussion of challenges related to viable mechanistic explanations for tES effectiveness, attempts at replication and consideration of null results, and the potential importance of individual differences in predicting tES influences on human performance. Finally, future research directions are proposed to address these challenges and help develop a fuller understanding of tES viability for enhancing real-world performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad T Brunyé
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Soldier Center (CCDC-SC), Natick, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Erika K Hussey
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Soldier Center (CCDC-SC), Natick, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo B Fontes
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nathan Ward
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,NEUROEX-Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Health Science Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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36
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Boccia M, Sulpizio V, Teghil A, Palermo L, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. The dynamic contribution of the high-level visual cortex to imagery and perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2449-2463. [PMID: 30702203 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery and visual perception rely on the same content-dependent brain areas in the high-level visual cortex (HVC). However, little is known about dynamic mechanisms in these areas during imagery and perception. Here we disentangled local and inter-regional dynamic mechanisms underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and the hippocampus (HC), a key region for memory retrieval during imagery. Nineteen healthy participants watched or imagined a familiar scene or face during fMRI acquisition. The neural code for familiar landmarks and faces was distributed across the HVC and the HC, although with a different representational structure, and generalized across imagery and perception. However, different regional adaptation effects and inter-regional functional couplings were detected for faces and landmarks during imagery and perception. The left PPA showed opposite adaptation effects, with activity suppression following repeated observation of landmarks, but enhancement following repeated imagery of landmarks. Also, functional coupling between content-dependent brain areas of the HVC and HC changed as a function of task and content. These findings provide important information about the dynamic networks underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and shed some light upon the thin line between imagery and perception which has characterized the neuropsychological debates on mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Bianchini F, Verde P, Colangeli S, Boccia M, Strollo F, Guariglia C, Bizzarro G, Piccardi L. Effects of oral contraceptives and natural menstrual cycling on environmental learning. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:179. [PMID: 30404622 PMCID: PMC6223061 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous ovarian hormones as well as exogenous oestradiol and progesterone play an important role in cognitive processing. Specifically, these hormones play a role in different aspects of memory, both in terms of storage capacity and temporal duration of the mnemonic track. These hormones also have various effects on different types of memory (i.e., verbal, visuo-spatial, prospective). This study investigated the effects of hormones on topographic memory, a type of memory specifically needed to recall a pathway and to acquire spatial information about locations, distances, and directions. METHODS We compared 25 naturally cycling women (NCW) in two different cycling phases, the early follicular phase (4th - 5th days) and the mid-luteal phase (20th-21st days), with 26 women taking oral contraceptives (OC) tested in the active pill phase (20th to 21st day of OC cycle) and the inactive pill phase (2nd to 4th day of OC cycle). Both groups performed the Walking Corsi Test to assess topographic memory in their respective cycling phases. Women were instructed to learn an eight-step sequence path and recall the path five minutes later. RESULTS We found that the two groups differed in terms of learning the 8-step sequence path; OC users were always better (4-5 days vs. 20-21 days) than NCW. No differences emerged in the delayed recall of the same path. CONCLUSIONS As already observed in other memory domains (i.e., verbal memory, emotional memory), OC users showed an advantage in terms of topographic learning. Our results might be explained by hormonal mechanisms and may suggest the future application of OC in women with topographic disorders or visuo-spatial difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Verde
- Aerospace Medicine Department, Italian Air Force, Experimental Flight Centre, Pratica di Mare, Pomezia (RM), Italy.
| | - Stefano Colangeli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Strollo
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bizzarro
- Aerospace Medicine Department, Italian Air Force, Experimental Flight Centre, Pratica di Mare, Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
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Sulpizio V, Boccia M, Guariglia C, Galati G. Neural Codes for One's Own Position and Direction in a Real-World "Vista" Environment. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:167. [PMID: 29760655 PMCID: PMC5936771 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans, like animals, rely on an accurate knowledge of one’s spatial position and facing direction to keep orientated in the surrounding space. Although previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that scene-selective regions (the parahippocampal place area or PPA, the occipital place area or OPA and the retrosplenial complex or RSC), and the hippocampus (HC) are implicated in coding position and facing direction within small-(room-sized) and large-scale navigational environments, little is known about how these regions represent these spatial quantities in a large open-field environment. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans to explore the neural codes of these navigationally-relevant information while participants viewed images which varied for position and facing direction within a familiar, real-world circular square. We observed neural adaptation for repeated directions in the HC, even if no navigational task was required. Further, we found that the amount of knowledge of the environment interacts with the PPA selectivity in encoding positions: individuals who needed more time to memorize positions in the square during a preliminary training task showed less neural attenuation in this scene-selective region. We also observed adaptation effects, which reflect the real distances between consecutive positions, in scene-selective regions but not in the HC. When examining the multi-voxel patterns of activity we observed that scene-responsive regions and the HC encoded both spatial information and that the RSC classification accuracy for positions was higher in individuals scoring higher to a self-reported questionnaire of spatial abilities. Our findings provide new insight into how the human brain represents a real, large-scale “vista” space, demonstrating the presence of neural codes for position and direction in both scene-selective and hippocampal regions, and revealing the existence, in the former regions, of a map-like spatial representation reflecting real-world distance between consecutive positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Conson M, Bianchini F, Quarantelli M, Boccia M, Salzano S, Di Vita A, Guariglia C. Selective map-following navigation deficit: A new case of developmental topographical disorientation. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:940-950. [PMID: 29614925 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1451493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental topographical disorientation (DTD) is a lifelong condition in which affected individuals are selectively impaired in navigating space. Although it seems that DTD is widespread in the population, only a few cases have been studied from both a behavioral and a neuroimaging point of view. Here, we report a new case of DTD, never described previously, of a young woman (C.F.) showing a specific deficit in translating allocentrically coded information into egocentrically guided navigation, in presence of spared ability of constructing such representations. METHOD A series of behavioral experiments was performed together with a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RESULTS We demonstrated that C.F. was fully effective in learning and following routes and in building up cognitive maps as well as in recognizing landmarks. C.F.'s navigational skills, instead, dropped drastically in the map-following task when she was required to use a map to navigate in a novel environment. The rs-fMRI experiment demonstrated aberrant functional connectivity between regions within the default-mode network (DMN), and in particular between medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate, medial parietal, and temporal cortices. DISCUSSION Our results would suggest that, at least in C.F., dysfunctional coactivation of core DMN regions would interfere with the ability to exploit cognitive maps for real-life navigation even when these maps can be correctly built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Conson
- a Developmental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," , Caserta , Italy
| | - Filippo Bianchini
- b Department of Psychology , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,c Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit , IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Quarantelli
- d Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging , National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- b Department of Psychology , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,c Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit , IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Salzano
- e Cognitive-Behavioral School of Psychotherapy "Serapide SPEE," , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- b Department of Psychology , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,c Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit , IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,f PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- b Department of Psychology , "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,c Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit , IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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40
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The way to “left” Piazza del Popolo: damage to white matter tracts in representational neglect for places. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1720-1729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Brunyé TT. Modulating Spatial Processes and Navigation via Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Mini Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:649. [PMID: 29375346 PMCID: PMC5767283 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) uses low intensity current to alter neuronal activity in superficial cortical regions, and has gained popularity as a tool for modulating several aspects of perception and cognition. This mini-review article provides an overview of tES and its potential for modulating spatial processes underlying successful navigation, including spatial attention, spatial perception, mental rotation and visualization. Also considered are recent advances in empirical research and computational modeling elucidating several stable cortical-subcortical networks with dynamic involvement in spatial processing and navigation. Leveraging these advances may prove valuable for using tES, particularly transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation (tDCS/tACS), to indirectly target subcortical brain regions by altering neuronal activity in distant yet functionally connected cortical areas. We propose future research directions to leverage these advances in human neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad T Brunyé
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,Cognitive Science Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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42
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Hao X, Wang X, Song Y, Kong X, Liu J. Dual roles of the hippocampus and intraparietal sulcus in network integration and segregation support scene recognition. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1473-1485. [PMID: 29159664 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Effectively recognizing surroundings is a critical ability in human navigation. Previous neuroimaging studies have depicted distributed brain regions underpinning spatial navigation, but little is known about how these regions are formed into the navigation network (NN) supporting scene recognition. In this study, we addressed this issue by using a voxel-based global functional connectivity method to characterize the integration (i.e., within-network connectivity, WNC) of the NN and its segregation (i.e., between-network connectivity, BNC) from non-NN networks. We found that the majority of the voxels in the NN showed a stronger WNC than BNC, indicating the encapsulation of the NN. Importantly, individuals with stronger WNC and weaker BNC in the left hippocampus (Hipp) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) performed better in scene recognition, suggesting that the left Hipp and IPS were involved in scene recognition by both integrating regions in the NN and separating the NN from non-NN networks. Further analyses showed that the integration of these two regions in the NN serves different functions, that is, while the WNC of the left Hipp was only related to scene recognition, the WNC of the left IPS was also related to the general executive control function of attention. In short, our study demonstrated the dual roles of the Hipp and IPS in integration and segregation of the NN to support scene recognition, suggesting that scene recognition involves not only regions specialized in spatial navigation, but also those with general functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Room 405, Yingdong Building, 19 Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Boccia M, Rosella M, Vecchione F, Tanzilli A, Palermo L, D'Amico S, Guariglia C, Piccardi L. Enhancing Allocentric Spatial Recall in Pre-schoolers through Navigational Training Programme. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:574. [PMID: 29085278 PMCID: PMC5650605 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike for other abilities, children do not receive systematic spatial orientation training at school, even though navigational training during adulthood improves spatial skills. We investigated whether navigational training programme (NTP) improved spatial orientation skills in pre-schoolers. We administered 12-week NTP to seventeen 4- to 5-year-old children (training group, TG). The TG children and 17 age-matched children (control group, CG) who underwent standard didactics were tested twice before (T0) and after (T1) the NTP using tasks that tap into landmark, route and survey representations. We determined that the TG participants significantly improved their performances in the most demanding navigational task, which is the task that taps into survey representation. This improvement was significantly higher than that observed in the CG, suggesting that NTP fostered the acquisition of survey representation. Such representation is typically achieved by age seven. This finding suggests that NTP improves performance on higher-level navigational tasks in pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Rosella
- Life, Health and Environmental Science Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Tanzilli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Simonetta D'Amico
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Life, Health and Environmental Science Department, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Colombo D, Serino S, Tuena C, Pedroli E, Dakanalis A, Cipresso P, Riva G. Egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames in aging: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:605-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Boccia M, Vecchione F, Piccardi L, Guariglia C. Effect of Cognitive Style on Learning and Retrieval of Navigational Environments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:496. [PMID: 28790920 PMCID: PMC5524881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Field independence (FI) has been found to correlate with a wide range of cognitive processes requiring cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring, that is going beyond the information given by the setting, is pivotal in creating stable mental representations of the environment, the so-called "cognitive maps," and it affects visuo-spatial abilities underpinning environmental navigation. Here we evaluated whether FI, by fostering cognitive restructuring of environmental cues on the basis of an internal frame of reference, affects the learning and retrieval of a novel environment. Fifty-four participants were submitted to the Embedded Figure Test (EFT) for assessing their Cognitive Style (CS) and to the Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test (PTSOT) and the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) for assessing their spatial perspective taking and orientation skills. They were also required to learn a path in a novel, real environment (route learning, RL), to recognize landmarks of this path among distracters (landmark recognition, LR), to order them (landmark ordering, LO) and to draw the learned path on a map (map drawing, MD). Retrieval tasks were performed both immediately after learning (immediate-retrieval) and the day after (24 h-retrieval). Performances on EFT significantly correlated with the time needed to learn the path, with MD (both in the immediate- and in the 24 h- retrievals), results on LR (in 24-retrieval) and performances on PTSOT. Interestingly, we found that gender interacted with CS on RL (time of learning) and MD. Females performed significantly worse than males only if they were classified as FD, but did not differ from males if they were classified as FI. These results suggest that CS affects learning and retrieval of navigational environment, especially when a map-like representation is required. We propose that CS may be pivotal in forming the cognitive map of the environment, likely due to the higher ability of FI individuals in restructuring environmental cues in a global and flexible long-term representation of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila UniversityL'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
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Does ventrolateral prefrontal cortex help in searching for the lost key? Evidence from an fNIRS study. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:785-797. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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