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Codutti A, Cremer J, Alim K. Changing Flows Balance Nutrient Absorption and Bacterial Growth along the Gut. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:138101. [PMID: 36206418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.138101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Small intestine motility and its ensuing flow of luminal content impact both nutrient absorption and bacterial growth. To explore this interdependence we introduce a biophysical description of intestinal flow and absorption. Rooted in observations of mice we identify the average flow velocity as the key control of absorption efficiency and bacterial growth, independent of the exact contraction pattern. We uncover self-regulation of contraction and flow in response to nutrients and bacterial levels to promote efficient absorption while restraining detrimental bacterial overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Codutti
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Cremer
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305 California, USA
| | - Karen Alim
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Physics Department and CPA, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Holanda MT, Mediano MF, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Gonzaga BM, Carvalho ACC, Ferreira RR, Garzoni LR, Pereira-Silva FS, Pimentel LO, Mendes MO, Azevedo MJ, Britto C, Moreira OC, Fernandes AG, Santos CM, Constermani J, Paravidino VB, Maciel ER, Carneiro FM, Xavier SS, Sperandio da Silva GM, Santos PF, Veloso HH, Brasil PE, de Sousa AS, Bonecini-de-Almeida MG, da Silva PS, Sangenis LHC, Saraiva RM, Araujo-Jorge TC. Effects of Selenium treatment on cardiac function in Chagas heart disease: Results from the STCC randomized Trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101105. [PMID: 34485877 PMCID: PMC8406152 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection) evolves to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) affecting 1.8 million people worldwide. This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial designed to estimate efficacy and safety of selenium (Se) treatment in CCC. METHODS 66 patients with CCC stages B1 (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] > 45% and no heart failure; n = 54) or B2 (LVEF < 45% and no heart failure; n = 12) were randomly assigned to receive 100 mcg/day sodium selenite (Se, n = 32) or placebo (Pla, n = 34) for one year (study period: May 2014-September 2018). LVEF changes over time and adverse effects were investigated. Trial registration number: NCT00875173 (clinicaltrials.gov). FINDINGS No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the primary outcome: mean LVEF after 6 (β= +1.1 p = 0.51 for Se vs Pla) and 12 months (β= +2.1; p = 0.23). In a subgroup analysis, statistically significant longitudinal changes were observed for mean LVEF in the stage B2 subgroup (β= +10.1; p = 0.02 for Se [n = 4] vs Pla [n = 8]). Se treatment was safe for CCC patients, and the few adverse effects observed were similarly distributed across the two groups. INTERPRETATION Se treatment did not improve cardiac function (evaluated from LVEF) in CCC. However, in the subgroup of patients at B2 stage, a potential beneficial influence of Se was observed. Complementary studies are necessary to explore diverse Se dose and/or associations in different CCC stages (B2 and C), as well as in A and B1 stages with longer follow-up. FUNDING Brazilian Ministry of Health, Fiocruz, CNPq, FAPERJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Holanda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Mauro F.F. Mediano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alejandro M. Hasslocher-Moreno
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M.S. Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Anna Cristina C. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberto R. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Pereira-Silva
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luis O. Pimentel
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcelo O. Mendes
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcos J. Azevedo
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alice G. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Constermani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Vitor B. Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7° andar / blocos D e E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy, Avenida Almirante Silvio de Noronha, s/n, Castelo, Rio de Janeiro 20021-010, Brazil
| | - Erica R. Maciel
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sérgio S. Xavier
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M. Sperandio da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Priscila F. Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Henrique H. Veloso
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Pedro E.A.A. Brasil
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Andrea S. de Sousa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Maria G. Bonecini-de-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Paula S. da Silva
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas Hospital, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique C. Sangenis
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberto M. Saraiva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tania C. Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brasil.
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Khan AA, Langston HC, Costa FC, Olmo F, Taylor MC, McCann CJ, Kelly JM, Lewis MD. Local association of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection foci and enteric neuropathic lesions at the tissue micro-domain scale. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009864. [PMID: 34424944 PMCID: PMC8412264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive Chagas disease (DCD) is an enteric neuropathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood and the lack of a robust, predictive animal model has held back research. We screened a series of mouse models using gastrointestinal tracer assays and in vivo infection imaging systems to discover a subset exhibiting chronic digestive transit dysfunction and significant retention of faeces in both sated and fasted conditions. The colon was a specific site of both tissue parasite persistence, delayed transit and dramatic loss of myenteric neurons as revealed by whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis. DCD mice therefore recapitulated key clinical manifestations of human disease. We also exploited dual reporter transgenic parasites to home in on locations of rare chronic infection foci in the colon by ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and then used fluorescence imaging in tissue microdomains to reveal co-localisation of infection and enteric nervous system lesions. This indicates that long-term T. cruzi-host interactions in the colon drive DCD pathogenesis, suggesting that the efficacy of anti-parasitic chemotherapy against chronic disease progression warrants further pre-clinical investigation. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Chagas disease has two types, the cardiac form and the digestive form; some patients have symptoms of both. How the parasite causes digestive disease is poorly understood. It is known that damage to the gut’s nervous system is an important factor, but it has been unclear exactly where and when this damage occurs during the course of an infection and also why only a subset of infected people suffer from this outcome. We studied infections in mice and found certain combinations of strains of parasites and mice that exhibited symptoms similar to human digestive Chagas patients, including a problem with peristalsis that localised specifically to the colon. Using parasites that were genetically engineered to emit both bioluminescent and fluorescent light, we tracked infections over time and were able to analyse rare infected cells deep within the muscle tissue of the wall of the colon. We found evidence of damaged neurons in the same location as these infection foci over 6 months after initial infection. Our results show that digestive Chagas disease probably develops as a result of chronic infection and inflammation, which potentially changes approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie A. Khan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry C. Langston
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda C. Costa
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Olmo
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C. Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conor J. McCann
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Lewis
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Martín-Escolano R, Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena M, Martín-Escolano J, Plano D, Rosales MJ, Espuelas S, Moreno E, Sánchez-Moreno M, Sanmartín C, Marín C. Selenium Derivatives as Promising Therapy for Chagas Disease: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1727-1738. [PMID: 33871252 PMCID: PMC8480776 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a tropical infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and a global public health concern. It is a paradigmatic example of a chronic disease without an effective treatment. Current treatments targeting T. cruzi are limited to two obsolete nitroheterocyclic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which lead to serious drawbacks. Hence, new, more effective, safer, and affordable drugs are urgently needed. Selenium and their derivatives have emerged as an interesting strategy for the treatment of different prozotoan diseases, such as African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria. In the case of Chagas disease, diverse selenium scaffolds have been reported with antichagasic activity in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of these premises, we describe the in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of 41 selenocompounds against the three morphological forms of different T. cruzi strains. For the most active selenocompounds, their effect on the metabolic and mitochondrial levels and superoxide dismutase enzyme inhibition capacity were measured in order to determine the possible mechanism of action. Derivative 26, with a selenocyanate motif, fulfills the most stringent in vitro requirements for potential antichagasic agents and exhibits a better profile than benznidazole in vivo. This finding provides a step forward for the development of a new antichagasic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Laboratory of Molecular & Evolutionary Parasitology, RAPID group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra (ISTUN), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Escolano
- Servicio de Microbiologia Clinica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra (ISTUN), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra (ISTUN), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Moreno
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra (ISTUN), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra (ISTUN), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios De Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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do Carmo Neto JR, Vinicius da Silva M, Braga YLL, Florencio da Costa AW, Fonseca SG, Nagib PRA, Nunes Celes MR, Oliveira MAP, Machado JR. Correlation between intestinal BMP2, IFNγ, and neural death in experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246692. [PMID: 33561140 PMCID: PMC7872263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Megacolon is one of the main late complications of Chagas disease, affecting approximately 10% of symptomatic patients. However, studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression of this condition. During infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), an inflammatory profile sets in that is involved in neural death, and this destruction is known to be essential for megacolon progression. One of the proteins related to the maintenance of intestinal neurons is the type 2 bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2). Intestinal BMP2 homeostasis is directly involved in the maintenance of organ function. Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the production of intestinal BMP2 with immunopathological changes in C57Bl/6 mice infected with the T. cruzi Y strain in the acute and chronic phases. The mice were infected with 1000 blood trypomastigote forms. After euthanasia, the colon was collected, divided into two fragments, and a half was used for histological analysis and the other half for BMP2, IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-10 quantification. The infection induced increased intestinal IFNγ and BMP2 production during the acute phase as well as an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate. In contrast, a decreased number of neurons in the myenteric plexus were observed during this phase. Collagen deposition increased gradually throughout the infection, as demonstrated in the chronic phase. Additionally, a BMP2 increase during the acute phase was positively correlated with intestinal IFNγ. In the same analyzed period, BMP2 and IFNγ showed negative correlations with the number of neurons in the myenteric plexus. As the first report of BMP2 alteration after infection by T. cruzi, we suggest that this imbalance is not only related to neuronal damage but may also represent a new route for maintaining the intestinal proinflammatory profile during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yarlla Loyane Lira Braga
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Arthur Wilson Florencio da Costa
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Fonseca
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Patricia Resende Alô Nagib
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Milton Adriano Pelli Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Maldonado E, Rojas DA, Morales S, Miralles V, Solari A. Dual and Opposite Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Chagas Disease: Beneficial on the Pathogen and Harmful on the Host. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8867701. [PMID: 33376582 PMCID: PMC7746463 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease, which affects an estimate of 6-7 million people worldwide. Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is a eukaryotic flagellate unicellular organism. At the primary infection sites, these parasites are phagocytized by macrophages, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to the infection with T. cruzi. The ROS produce damage to the host tissues; however, macrophage-produced ROS is also used as a signal for T. cruzi proliferation. At the later stages of infection, mitochondrial ROS is produced by the infected cardiomyocytes that contribute to the oxidative damage, which persists at the chronic stage of the disease. The oxidative damage leads to a functional impairment of the heart. In this review article, we will discuss the mechanisms by which T. cruzi is able to deal with the oxidative stress and how this helps the parasite growth at the acute phase of infection and how the oxidative stress affects the cardiomyopathy at the chronic stage of the Chagas disease. We will describe the mechanisms used by the parasite to deal with ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through the trypanothione and the mechanisms used to repair the damaged DNA. Also, a description of the events produced by ROS at the acute and chronic stages of the disease is presented. Lastly, we discuss the benefits of ROS for T. cruzi growth and proliferation and the possible mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. Hypothesis is put forward to explain the molecular mechanisms by which ROS triggers parasite growth and proliferation and how ROS is able to produce a long persisting damage on cardiomyocytes even in the absence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edio Maldonado
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego A. Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Morales
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Miralles
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aldo Solari
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Alcolea V, Pérez-Silanes S. Selenium as an interesting option for the treatment of Chagas disease: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112673. [PMID: 32810750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most prevalent tropical neglected diseases and causes high mortality and morbidity in endemic countries. Current treatments for this disease, nifurtimox and benznidazole, are ineffective in the chronic phase of the disease and produce severe adverse effects. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently required. The trace element selenium has an important role in human health, due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and pro-immune properties. Actually, its deficiency has been related to several diseases and supplementation with this element has been proven to be beneficial for multiple pathologies. Furthermore, the usefulness of organic-selenium compounds has been studied in many disorders, showing promising results. The aim of this review is to analyse the available literature regarding the role of selenium in Chagas disease in order to determine whether its use could be beneficial for the management of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alcolea
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Mundo AI, Greening GJ, Fahr MJ, Hale LN, Bullard EA, Rajaram N, Muldoon TJ. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to monitor murine colorectal tumor progression and therapeutic response. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-16. [PMID: 32141266 PMCID: PMC7058691 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Many studies in colorectal cancer (CRC) use murine ectopic tumor models to determine response to treatment. However, these models do not replicate the tumor microenvironment of CRC. Physiological information of treatment response derived via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) from murine primary CRC tumors provide a better understanding for the development of new drugs and dosing strategies in CRC. AIM Tumor response to chemotherapy in a primary CRC model was quantified via DRS to extract total hemoglobin content (tHb), oxygen saturation (StO2), oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin in tissue. APPROACH A multimodal DRS and imaging probe (0.78 mm outside diameter) was designed and validated to acquire diffuse spectra longitudinally-via endoscopic guidance-in developing colon tumors under 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) maximum-tolerated (MTD) and metronomic regimens. A filtering algorithm was developed to compensate for positional uncertainty in DRS measurements Results: A maximum increase in StO2 was observed in both MTD and metronomic chemotherapy-treated murine primary CRC tumors at week 4 of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with 21 ± 6 % and 17 ± 6 % fold changes, respectively. No significant changes were observed in tHb. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility of DRS to quantify response to treatment in primary CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel I. Mundo
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Gage. J. Greening
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Michael J. Fahr
- University of Arkansas, Department of Computer Science, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Lawrence N. Hale
- University of Arkansas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Bullard
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
- Address all correspondence to Timothy J. Muldoon, E-mail:
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Qian F, Misra S, Prabhu KS. Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:484-516. [PMID: 31996052 PMCID: PMC7122104 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
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10
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de Freitas MRB, da Costa CMB, Pereira LM, do Prado JC, Sala MA, Abrahão AAC. The treatment with selenium increases placental parasitismin pregnant Wistar rats infected with the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunobiology 2018; 223:537-543. [PMID: 29950281 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in the diet of mammals and has an important role in the immune function. Selenium is a key element in selenoproteins involved in the in the maintenance of the antioxidant defense. Diet with selenium is beneficial for the treatment of diseases correlated with high levels of oxidative stress, also observed in the Chagas disease. Chagas disease is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and several research groups are focused on the illness treatment. Immunomodulation of the infection using microelements is an important tool to avoid deleterious effects of the Chagas disease. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on pregnant Wistar rats infected with T. cruzi. Selenium treatment stimulated the weight and length of fetuses and placentas allied to the decrease of blood parasitemia. However, selenium demonstrated a low influence on T cells, diminishing the B cell population (CD45RA+). Moreover, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was downregulated under selenium administration. Low pro-inflammatory cytokines levels probably are related to the increase in the number of amastigote nests in infected and treated animals. Thus, selenium supplementation during pregnancy could impair the local placental immune response. Further studies are necessary to assess the interaction between selenium and the acute Chagas' disease during pregnancy, which will base future supplementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Sala
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Wu C, Xu Z, Huang K. Effects of Dietary Selenium on Inflammation and Hydrogen Sulfide in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:428-435. [PMID: 27178167 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals and is associated with many physiological functions. Previous studies have shown that low-Se diet may affect inflammatory cytokine productions and histology in the digestive system and that sulfide hydrogen (H2S) may contribute to the protection against tissue injury and the inhibition of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Se deficiency-induced inflammation and H2S production in the small intestine in chickens. One hundred twenty 1-day-old chickens were fed with diets with different Se concentrations (0.15 mg/kg in the control and 0.028 mg/kg in the low-Se-diet group). Chickens were euthanized and small intestinal tissues were extracted. We observed histology, measured H2S concentration, and evaluated the mRNA expression of H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), and inflammatory factors TNF-α, NF-κB p50, COX-2, and PTGES. Our results showed that chickens fed with low-Se diet exhibited histological changes, lower H2S production, and lower mRNA expression of H2S-producing enzymes (CSE, CBS, and 3-MST) whereas higher mRNA expression of intestinal inflammatory factors (TNF-α, NF-κB p50, COX-2, and PTGES) compared to controls. Our results indicate that low-Se diet could impact H2S, H2S-producing enzymes, and inflammatory factors in the small intestine, implying that Se is important in maintaining intestinal functions and H2S production is downregulated in Se deficiency-induced inflammation. The downregulation exacerbates the inflammation and impacts H2S-mediated intestinal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gao X, Zhang Z, Xing H, Yu J, Zhang N, Xu S. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Inflammation and Increased Expression of Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:210-8. [PMID: 26899319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), a nutritionally essential trace element, plays an important role in various aspects of health for a wide range of species, including birds. Se deficiency inhibits the growth of immune organs and decreases immune function, leading to many inflammatory diseases. The present study determined the effects and mechanism of dietary Se deficiency on gastrointestinal tract tissue inflammation. The histopathological changes showed that Se deficiency induced inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract tissues (glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum). The expression levels of PTGE (prostagland E synthase), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), and NF-κB (nuclear transfer factor κB) in the gastrointestinal tract tissues (glandular stomach, gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, and rectum) were determined by qPCR on days 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55, respectively. The results showed that Se deficiency induced high expression levels of PTGE, COX-2, TNF-α, and NF-κB in the gastrointestinal tract tissues. The effects were more obvious in the duodenum and small intestine than those in the glandular stomach, gizzard, and rectum. In addition, the expression levels of these proteins in the gastrointestinal tract tissue increased in a time-dependent manner with Se deficiency feeding time. Furthermore, Se deficiency induced the production of pro-inflammatory factors, thus aggravating inflammatory lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of Se deficiency on inflammation and other gastrointestinal tract diseases should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Campos CF, Cangussú SD, Duz ALC, Cartelle CT, Noviello MDL, Veloso VM, Bahia MT, Almeida-Leite CM, Arantes RME. Enteric Neuronal Damage, Intramuscular Denervation and Smooth Muscle Phenotype Changes as Mechanisms of Chagasic Megacolon: Evidence from a Long-Term Murine Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153038. [PMID: 27045678 PMCID: PMC4821538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel murine model of long-term infection with Trypanosoma cruzi with the aim to elucidate the pathogenesis of megacolon and the associated adaptive and neuromuscular intestinal disorders. Our intent was to produce a chronic stage of the disease since the early treatment should avoid 100% mortality of untreated animals at acute phase. Treatment allowed animals to be kept infected and alive in order to develop the chronic phase of infection with low parasitism as in human disease. A group of Swiss mice was infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. At the 11th day after infection, a sub-group was euthanized (acute-phase group) and another sub-group was treated with benznidazole and euthanized 15 months after infection (chronic-phase group). Whole colon samples were harvested and used for studying the histopathology of the intestinal smooth muscle and the plasticity of the enteric nerves. In the acute phase, all animals presented inflammatory lesions associated with intense and diffuse parasitism of the muscular and submucosa layers, which were enlarged when compared with the controls. The occurrence of intense degenerative inflammatory changes and increased reticular fibers suggests inflammatory-induced necrosis of muscle cells. In the chronic phase, parasitism was insignificant; however, the architecture of Aüerbach plexuses was focally affected in the inflamed areas, and a significant decrease in the number of neurons and in the density of intramuscular nerve bundles was detected. Other changes observed included increased thickness of the colon wall, diffuse muscle cell hypertrophy, and increased collagen deposition, indicating early fibrosis in the damaged areas. Mast cell count significantly increased in the muscular layers. We propose a model for studying the long-term (15 months) pathogenesis of Chagasic megacolon in mice that mimics the human disease, which persists for several years and has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that the long-term inflammatory process mediates neuronal damage and intramuscular and intramural denervation, leading to phenotypic changes in smooth muscle cells associated with fibrosis. These long-term structural changes may represent the basic mechanism for the formation of the Chagasic megacolon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila França Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/LAFEX, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Cassin Duz
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christiane Teixeira Cartelle
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Noviello
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanja Maria Veloso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Megale Almeida-Leite
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Esteves Arantes
- Departamento de Patologia Geral Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Selenoproteins of African trypanosomes are dispensable for parasite survival in a mammalian host. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 206:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Nelson SM, Shay AE, James JL, Carlson BA, Urban JF, Prabhu KS. Selenoprotein Expression in Macrophages Is Critical for Optimal Clearance of Parasitic Helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2787-98. [PMID: 26644468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of macrophages is evident in helminthic parasite infections, providing protection from inflammation. Previously we demonstrated that the micronutrient selenium induces a phenotypic switch in macrophage activation from a classically activated (pro-inflammatory; M1/CAM) toward an alternatively activated (anti-inflammatory; M2/AAM) phenotype, where cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent cyclopentenone prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) plays a key role. Here, we hypothesize that dietary selenium modulates macrophage polarization toward an AAM phenotype to assist in the increasing clearance of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a gastrointestinal nematode parasite. Mice on a selenium-adequate (0.08 ppm) diet significantly augmented intestinal AAM presence while decreasing adult worms and fecal egg production when compared with infection of mice on selenium-deficient (<0.01 ppm) diet. Further increase in dietary selenium to supraphysiological levels (0.4 ppm) had very little or no impact on worm expulsion. Normal adult worm clearance and enhanced AAM marker expression were observed in the selenium-supplemented Trsp(fl/fl)Cre(WT) mice that express selenoproteins driven by tRNA(Sec) (Trsp), whereas N. brasiliensis-infected Trsp(fl/fl)Cre(LysM) selenium-supplemented mice showed a decreased clearance, with lowered intestinal expression of several AAM markers. Inhibition of the COX pathway with indomethacin resulted in delayed worm expulsion in selenium-adequate mice. This was rescued with 15d-PGJ2, which partially recapitulated the effect of selenium supplementation on fecal egg output in addition to increasing markers of AAMs in the small intestine. Antagonism of PPARγ blocked the effect of selenium. These results suggest that optimal expression of selenoproteins and selenium-dependent production of COX-derived endogenous prostanoids, such as Δ(12)-PGJ2 and 15d-PGJ2, may regulate AAM activation to enhance anti-helminthic parasite responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira M Nelson
- From the Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Ashley E Shay
- From the Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jamaal L James
- From the Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- From the Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
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16
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Yu J, Yao H, Gao X, Zhang Z, Wang JF, Xu SW. The role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in intestinal damage induced by selenium deficiency in chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:144-53. [PMID: 25388754 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential messenger molecule and is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Although NO has important biological functions in mammals, its role in the mechanism that occurs after intestinal injuries in chickens remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate the real role of NO and oxidative stress in the intestinal injuries of chickens induced by selenium (Se) deficiency. A total 150 chickens were randomly divided into the following two groups: a low-Se group (L group, fed a Se-deficient diet containing 0.020 mg/kg Se) and a control group (C group, fed a commercial diet containing 0.2 mg/kg Se). The activities and mRNA levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the production of glutathione (GSH) and NO, and the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined in the intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, and rectum) at 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 days. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels were also detected by assay kits. Then, the morphologies of the tissues were observed under the microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining). The results showed that Se deficiency induced higher inflammatory damage and MDA levels (P < 0.05), which were accompanied by higher levels of iNOS and NO but lower levels of GSH and GSH-Px (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that Se deficiency induced oxidative damage in the intestinal tracts of chickens and that low levels of GSH-Px and high contents of NO may exert a major role in the injury of the intestinal tract induced by Se deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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17
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Requena-Méndez A, López MC, Angheben A, Izquierdo L, Ribeiro I, Pinazo MJ, Gascon J, Muñoz J. Evaluating Chagas disease progression and cure through blood-derived biomarkers: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:957-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.824718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Hoerr V, Faber C. Magnetic resonance imaging characterization of microbial infections. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 93:136-46. [PMID: 24257444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of microbial infections relies to a large part on animal models of infection, if host pathogen interactions or the host response are considered. Especially for the assessment of novel therapeutic agents, animal models are required. Non-invasive imaging methods to study such models have gained increasing importance over the recent years. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords a variety of diagnostic options, and can be used for longitudinal studies. In this review, we introduce the most important MRI modalities that show how MRI has been used for the investigation of animal models of infection previously and how it may be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hoerr
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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19
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Effects of dietary selenium supplementation on parasitemia, anemia and serum proteins of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Jelicks LA, Lisanti MP, Machado FS, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB, Desruisseaux MS. Imaging of small-animal models of infectious diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23201133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Noninvasive small-animal imaging has become an important research tool for preclinical studies of infectious diseases. Imaging studies permit enhanced information through longitudinal studies of the same animal during the infection. Herein, we briefly review recent studies of animal models of infectious disease that have used imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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21
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Burjonrappa SC, Miller M. Role of trace elements in parenteral nutrition support of the surgical neonate. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:760-71. [PMID: 22498394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenteral nutrition (PN) has transformed the outcome for neonates with surgical problems in the intensive care unit. Trace element supplementation in PN is a standard practice in many neonatal intensive care units. However, many of these elements are contaminants in PN solutions, and contamination levels may, in themselves, be sufficient for normal metabolic needs. Additional supplementation may actually lead to toxicity in neonates whose requirements are small. METHODS An electronic search of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Collaboration, and SCOPUS English language medical databases was performed for the key words "trace elements," "micro-nutrients," and "parenteral nutrition additives." Studies were categorized based on levels of evidence offered, with randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses accorded the greatest importance at the apex of the data pool and case reports and animal experiments the least importance. Articles were reviewed with the primary goal of developing uniform recommendations for trace element supplementation in the surgical neonate. The secondary goals were to review the physiologic role, metabolic demands, requirements, losses, deficiency syndromes, and toxicity symptoms associated with zinc, copper, chromium, selenium, manganese, and molybdenum supplementation in PN. RESULTS Zinc supplementation must begin at initiation of PN. All other trace elements can be added to PN 2 to 4 weeks after initiation. Copper and manganese need to be withheld if the neonate develops PN-associated liver disease. The status of chromium supplementation is currently being actively debated, with contaminant levels in PN being sufficient in most cases to meet neonatal requirements. Selenium is an important component of antioxidant enzymes with a role in the pathogenesis of neonatal surgical conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Premature infants are often selenium deficient, and early supplementation has shown a reduction in sepsis events in this age group. CONCLUSION Appropriate supplementation of trace elements in surgical infants is important, and levels should be monitored. In certain settings, it may be more appropriate to individualize trace element supplementation based on the predetermined physiologic need rather than using bundled packages of trace elements as is the current norm. Balance studies of trace element requirements should be performed to better establish clinical recommendations for optimal trace element dosing in the neonatal surgical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyaprasad C Burjonrappa
- Department of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Maimonides Infants and Children's Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
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22
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Machado FS, Jelicks LA, Kirchhoff LV, Shirani J, Nagajyothi F, Mukherjee S, Nelson R, Coyle CM, Spray DC, Campos de Carvalho AC, Guan F, Prado CM, Lisanti MP, Weiss LM, Montgomery SP, Tanowitz HB. Chagas heart disease: report on recent developments. Cardiol Rev 2012; 20:53-65. [PMID: 22293860 PMCID: PMC3275684 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0b013e31823efde2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important cause of cardiac disease in endemic areas of Latin America. It is now being diagnosed in nonendemic areas because of immigration. Typical cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease include dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, cardioembolism, and stroke. Clinical and laboratory-based research to define the pathology resulting from T. cruzi infection has shed light on many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to these manifestations. Antiparasitic treatment may not be appropriate for patients with advanced cardiac disease. Clinical management of Chagas heart disease is similar to that used for cardiomyopathies caused by other processes. Cardiac transplantation has been successfully performed in a small number of patients with Chagas heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana S. Machado
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Linda A. Jelicks
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Louis V. Kirchhoff
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jamshid Shirani
- Department of Cardiology St Luke’s Hospital and Health Network, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Fnu Nagajyothi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Shankar Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Randin Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Christina M. Coyle
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Parasitology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - David C. Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Antonio C. Campos de Carvalho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- National Cardiology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fangxia Guan
- Bioengineering Department of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cibele M. Prado
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Parasitology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Global Health Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Susan P. Montgomery
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Parasitology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Global Health Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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23
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Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB. Advances in imaging of animal models of Chagas disease. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2011; 75:193-208. [PMID: 21820557 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385863-4.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since serial studies of patients are limited, researchers interested in Chagas disease have relied on animal models of Trypanosoma cruzi infection to explore many aspects of this important human disease. These studies have been important for evaluation of the immunology, pathology, physiology and other aspects of pathogenesis. While larger animals have been employed, mice have remained the most favoured animal model, as they recapitulate many aspects of the human disease, are easy to manipulate genetically and are amenable to study by small animal imaging technologies. Further, developments in non-invasive imaging technologies have permitted the study of the same animal over an extended period of time by multiple imaging modalities, thus permitting the study of the transition from acute infection through the chronic stage and during therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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24
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Malafaia G, Talvani A. Nutritional Status Driving Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi: Lessons from Experimental Animals. J Trop Med 2011; 2011:981879. [PMID: 21577255 PMCID: PMC3090609 DOI: 10.1155/2011/981879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the scientific knowledge about protein-energy and micronutrient malnutrition in the context of Chagas disease, especially in experimental models. The search of articles was conducted using the electronic databases of SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed and MEDLINE published between 1960 and March 2010. It was possible to verify that nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient malnutrition) exert a direct effect on the infection by T. cruzi. However, little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in the relationship "nutritional deficiencies and infection by T. cruzi". A hundred years after the discovery of Chagas disease many aspects of this illness still require clarification, including the effects of nutritional deficiencies on immune and pathological mechanisms of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Malafaia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas e Estudos Ambientais e Biológicos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano—Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento km 2.5, 75790-000 Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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25
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Souza APD, Jelicks LA, Tanowitz HB, Olivieri BP, Medeiros MM, Oliveira GM, Pires ARC, Santos AMD, Araújo-Jorge TC. The benefits of using selenium in the treatment of Chagas disease: prevention of right ventricle chamber dilatation and reversion of Trypanosoma cruzi-induced acute and chronic cardiomyopathy in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 105:746-51. [PMID: 20944987 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac damage is a frequent manifestation of Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, the deficiency of which has been implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy. Our group has previously demonstrated that Se supplementation prevents myocardial damage during acute T. cruzi infection in mice. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Se treatment in cases of T. cruzi infection using prevention and reversion schemes. In the Se prevention scheme, mice were given Se supplements (2 ppm) starting two weeks prior to inoculation with T. cruzi(Brazil strain) and continuing until 120 days post-infection (dpi). In the Se reversion scheme, mice were treated with Se (4 ppm) for 100 days, starting at 160 dpi. Dilatation of the right ventricle was observed in the infected control group at both phases of T. cruzi infection, but it was not observed in the infected group that received Se treatment. Surviving infected mice that were submitted to the Se reversion scheme presented normal P wave values and reduced inflammation of the pericardium. These data indicate that Se treatment prevents right ventricular chamber increase and thus can be proposed as an adjuvant therapy for cardiac alterations already established by T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa P de Souza
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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26
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Jelicks LA, de Souza AP, Araújo-Jorge TC, Tanowitz HB. Would selenium supplementation aid in therapy for Chagas disease? Trends Parasitol 2011; 27:102-5. [PMID: 21212020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease discovered over 100 years ago, is caused by the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is most frequently associated with chronic cardiomyopathy and digestive disorders. Initial invasion of cells is followed by progressive inflammatory destruction of heart, muscles, nerves, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissue. Approximately 30% of patients progress to a chronic cardiomyopathy associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Seven to 10% of patients develop megasyndromes involving the GI tract, in particular, the esophagus and the colon. Results from several studies suggest that selenium (Se) deficiency could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. In this opinion article, Se supplementation is proposed as an adjuvant therapy for treatment of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Trypanosoma cruzi infection: do distinct populations cause intestinal motility alteration? Parasitol Res 2010; 107:239-42. [PMID: 20454805 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem in Latin America. Disturbances in gastrointestinal motility are observed in 15-20% of patients at the chronic phase. We previously observed a decrease in intestinal motility in mice infected with Y strain from T. cruzi. Thus, we decided to test if infection with other T. cruzi strains also caused the intestinal disturbance. Male adult Swiss mice were infected intraperitoneally with CL-Brener clone (CL-B), Brazil strain (Br), or Dm28 clone (Dm) of T. cruzi. All infected mice presented a low cumulative mortality (CL-B, 17%; Br, 8%; Dm, 25%) at 35 days post infection (dpi) and their typical parasitemia curves. Br and Dm groups exhibited a maximal reduction of intestinal motility at 35 dpi (176.8 +/- 51.3 and 198.3 +/- 52.6 min, respectively), when compared with non-infected mice (90.2 +/- 19.5 min). However, CL mice presented the peak of delayed intestinal transit at 12 dpi (191.0 +/- 33.3 min), when compared with non-infected mice (105.6 +/- 26.4 min), very close to the 15 dpi for the intense alteration (310.2 +/- 67.4 min) observed with the Y strain. We clearly demonstrate a reduction in intestinal motility in mice infected with different groups of T. cruzi during the acute phase of the infection. Since Br, Dm, and CL strains presented low mortality rates in adult Swiss mice, a prospective study concerning the chronic intestinal alteration is encouraged, particularly for studies of alternative therapies.
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Abstract
Animal models of human diseases are increasingly available and are invaluable for studies of organ pathophysiology. Megacolon, abnormal dilatation of the colon not caused by mechanical obstruction, involves the destruction of the autonomic nervous system innervating the colon. Animal models of megacolon include mouse models of Chagas disease and Hirschprung's disease. Small animal imaging has become an important research tool and recent advances in preclinical imaging modalities have enhanced the information content available from longitudinal studies of animal models of human diseases. While numerous applications of imaging technologies have been reported to study the brain and heart of mouse models, fewer studies of the gastrointestinal system have been undertaken due to technical limitations caused by peristaltic and respiratory motion. Various imaging modalities relevant to study of the gastrointestinal tract of intact live animals are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Jelicks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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