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Lifschitz A, Nava S, Miró V, Canton C, Alvarez L, Lanusse C. Macrocyclic lactones and ectoparasites control in livestock: Efficacy, drug resistance and therapeutic challenges. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 26:100559. [PMID: 39128184 PMCID: PMC11366916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are the cornerstone of parasite control in livestock due to their broad-spectrum activity against endo (nematodes) and ecto (lice, ticks, mites) parasites. These molecules, introduced into the veterinary pharmaceutical market 40 years ago, have substantially improved animal welfare and productivity by offering extended high efficacy, reducing treatment frequency, and displaying a favorable safety profile. However, their widespread and intensive use has led to a significant challenge nowadays: the development of parasite resistance. This review focuses on the critical link between drug pharmacokinetics (variation in concentration profiles and exposure over time) and pharmacodynamics (drug efficacy) and the ability of both avermectin and milbemycin MLs families to control livestock ectoparasites. This review discusses the integrated assessment of drug behavior in the host, its diffusion into target parasites, and the impact of different pharmaceutical formulations on enhancing drug delivery to infection sites. These are considered critical research/development areas to optimize the use of MLs, preventing treatment failures and finally extending the lifespan of these essential pharmaceutical ingredients. Finally, the importance of the rational use of MLs, guided by parasite epidemiology and pharmacological knowledge, is emphasized as a key strategy to preserve the antiparasitic efficacy of these still very useful molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - S Nava
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL)(INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA E.E.A, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - V Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hofstra G, van Abeelen H, Duindam M, Houben B, Kuijpers J, Arendsen T, van der Kolk M, Rapp F, van Spaendonk J, Gonzales JL, Petie R. Automated monitoring and detection of disease using a generic facial feature scoring system - A case study on FMD infected cows. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105880. [PMID: 36841043 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Digital images are becoming more readily available and possibilities for image processing are developing rapidly. This opens the possibility to use digital images to monitor and detect diseases in animals. In this paper we present 1) a generic facial feature scoring system based on seven facial features, 2) manual scores of images of Holstein Frisian heifers during foot-and-mouth disease vaccine efficacy trials and 3) automatic disease scores of the same animals. The automatic scoring system was based on the manual version and trained on annotated images from the manual scoring system. For both systems we found an increase in disease scores three days post infection, followed by a recovery. This temporal pattern matched with observations made by animal caretakers. Importantly, the automatic system was able to discern animals that were protected by the vaccine, and did not develop blisters at the feet, and animals that were not protected. Finally, automatic scores could be used to detect healthy and sick animals with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 on the second and third days following infection in an experimental setting. This generic facial feature disease scoring system could be further developed and extended to lactating Holstein Frisian dairy cows, other breeds and other infectious diseases. The system could be applied during animal experiments or, after further development, in a farm setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Hofstra
- HAS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde van Abeelen
- HAS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Duindam
- HAS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Houben
- HAS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Kuijpers
- HAS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Arendsen
- AVANS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 215, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs van der Kolk
- AVANS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 215, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Rapp
- AVANS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 215, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Jessy van Spaendonk
- AVANS University of Applied Science, Onderwijsboulevard 215, 5223 DE 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - José L Gonzales
- Epidemiology Bioinformatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Petie
- Epidemiology Bioinformatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands.
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Engashev SV, Engasheva ES, Kolesnikov VI, Bagamaev BM, Ustarov RJ. Persistent activity and therapeutic efficacy of Delcid® 7.5 against scab mites (<i>Psoroptes ovis</i>) in sheep. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-4-468-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study persistent activity and therapeutic efficacy of Delcid® 7.5 against scab mites Psoroptes ovis in sheep.Materials and methods. The studies were performed in the Bukhty peasant farm enterprise in November 2021 on the Kizlyarsky District winter pastures in the Republic of Dagestan. Three groups of sheep were formed, of which two groups (second and third) had a confirmed clinical diagnosis of psoroptic mange (P. ovis) and one group (first) was free from scab mites. Sheep from the first and second groups were treated with Delcid at a dose of 10 ml of the drug per animal. After 10 days, sheep from the second group were treated with the drug repeatedly at the same dose. Sheep from the first and second groups were treated with the drug applied on dry and intact skin of the back along the spine using the drop method. The third control (infected) group of animals was not treated. All experimental groups of sheep were kept in a common flock. The Delcid persistent activity and thera-peutic efficacy were evaluated by clinical examination and microscopy of the skin for P. ovis mites before the experiment started and at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 25 and 30 days after treatment in the first group and at 1, 3, 7, 11, 13, 17, 20, 24, 31, 35 and 40 days in the second and third groups of sheep.Results and discussion. It was found that Delcid 7.5 showed persistent activity in sheep against psoroptic mange pathogens for 21 days after a single treatment at a dose of 10 ml per animal. Delcid acaricidal effect after double treatment against P. ovis was 31 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Engashev
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin
| | | | | | | | - R. J. Ustarov
- Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan
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van Mol W, Claerebout E, Casaert S, Geldhof P, Levecke B. New insights into the use of a mite count reduction test for the detection of therapeutic acaricide efficacy in Psoroptes ovis in cattle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 14:62-72. [PMID: 32979706 PMCID: PMC7519215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When used for the evaluation of drug efficacy against Psoroptes ovis, the diagnostic performance of different sampling strategies for a mite count reduction test (MCRT) remains unclear. In the present study, a novel simulation framework was constructed that accounted for relevant biological features of P. ovis infestations in cattle and that was parameterized with field data from 16 farms (154 animals). Second, this framework was applied to explore the impact of study specific factors (number of animals, number of sampled lesions, and number of scrapings per lesion) and biological factors (mite infestation intensity and size of lesions) on the diagnostic performance of MCRT. Its outcome provided a basis to determine the diagnostic performance of MCRT when it was applied according to the World Association for the Advancement in Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) and the European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines, and to formulate recommendations to ensure a good diagnostic performance of the MCRT. For both guidelines, the MCRT allowed to correctly detect (power 80%) reduced and normal efficacy when the therapeutic efficacy was <70%, and ≥95%, respectively. The results highlighted a reliable diagnostic performance of the MCRT when performed as recommended by WAAVP and EMA for the detection of normal drug efficacy. When used for the detection of reduced efficacy, therapeutic efficacies between 70% and 90% could not be detected with sufficient reliability. The diagnostic performance can be improved by increasing the total number of skin scrapings (increasing the number of animals, number of sampled lesions and/or number of samples per lesion). In order to help researchers and veterinarians to optimize the design of the MCRT to their field settings, the findings were translated into a simple tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van Mol
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Casaert
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Chen Z, van Mol W, Vanhecke M, Duchateau L, Claerebout E. Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:425. [PMID: 31464634 PMCID: PMC6714348 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Psoroptes ovis in cattle is limited to topical acaricides or systemic treatment with macrocyclic lactones. Treatment failure of macrocyclic lactones has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential alternative treatment against P. ovis. METHODS The acaricidal activity against P. ovis of four plant-derived essential oil components, i.e. geraniol, eugenol, 1,8-cineol and carvacrol, was assessed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro contact, fumigation and residual bioassays were performed. In addition, 12 Belgium Blue cattle were artificially infested and treated topically once a week for three successive weeks with carvacrol in Tween-80 (treatment group) or with Tween-80 alone (control). The efficacy of carvacrol was determined by the reduction in lesion size and mite counts. Six additional animals were topically treated with carvacrol to assess local adverse reactions. RESULTS Three components showed a concentration-dependent acaricidal activity in a contact assay, with LC50 of 0.56, 0.38 and 0.26% at 24 h for geraniol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. However, 1,8-cineol showed no activity at any of the tested concentrations in a contact bioassay. In a fumigation bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites within 50 min after treatment, whereas geraniol, eugenol and 1,8-cineol needed 90 to 150 min. Following a 72 h incubation period in a residual bioassay, carvacrol killed all mites after 4 h of exposure to LC90, while geraniol and eugenol killed all mites only after 8 h exposure. Based on these results, carvacrol was further assessed in vivo. Mite counts in the treatment group were reduced by 98.5 ± 2.4% at 6 weeks post-treatment, while in the control group the mite population had increased. Topical application of carvacrol only caused mild and transient erythema 20 min after treatment. No other side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Considering the strong acaricidal activity of carvacrol in vitro and in vivo and the mild and transient local side effects, carvacrol shows potential as an acaricidal agent in the treatment of P. ovis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wouter van Mol
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marieke Vanhecke
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lu M, Cai Y, Yang S, Wan Q, Pan B. A single subcutaneous administration of a sustained-release ivermectin suspension eliminates Psoroptes cuniculi infection in a rabbit farm. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:2000-2004. [PMID: 30058406 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1506474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoroptes cuniculi mites are the most common ear parasites infesting breeding female rabbits. The suffering rabbits show cutaneous signs of the infestation in the ears and are prone to secondary infections. OBJECTIVES This trial was conducted to eliminate P. cuniculi in farm rabbits with a sustained-release ivermectin-loaded solid dispersion suspension (IVM-SD) suspension, and studied the stability of the formulation. ANIMALS There were 986 breeding female Hyplus rabbits naturally infected with P. cuniculi. METHODS All rabbits infected with P. cuniculi were subcutaneously administered with a single dose of IVM-SD suspension at 2 mg/kg body weight. Twenty-seven rabbits with severe infections were observed daily and examined on days 0 and 14 to score the lesions and count mites in crusts. RESULTS Fourteen days after the treatment no live mites were detected, demonstrating 100% therapeutic efficacy. The mean lesion scores decreased from 4.33 to 0.11 in the left ears and from 4.22 to 0.22 in the right ears. No reinfection occurred within 60 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS A single subcutaneous administration of the IVM-SD suspension at 2 mg/kg was effective in eliminating P. cuniculi infection in the rabbit farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy , Pharmaceutical College of Henan University , Kaifeng , Henan Province , China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Shizhuang Yang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Qiang Wan
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Molecular characterization and allergenicity potential of triosephosphate isomerase from Sarcoptes scabiei. Vet Parasitol 2018; 257:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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He R, Gu X, Lai W, Peng X, Yang G. Transcriptome-microRNA analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei and host immune response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177733. [PMID: 28542251 PMCID: PMC5441584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a parasitic disease, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and is considered one of the top 50 epidemic diseases and one the most common human skin disease, worldwide. Allergic dermatitis, including an intense itch, is a common symptom, however diagnosis is difficult and there is currently no effective vaccine. The goal of this study was to examine the immune interaction mechanism of both S. scabiei and infected hosts. mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq were conducted on the S. scabiei mite and on infected and uninfected hosts. We focused on differential expression of unigenes and microRNAs, as well as the real targets of unigenes in enriched immune signaling pathways. S. scabiei enhanced host immune function and decreased metabolism after infection, while the immune response of the host inhibited S. scabiei proliferation and metabolism signaling pathways. Differentially expressed unigenes of S. scabiei were enriched in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The differential expression analysis indicated that microRNAs of S. scabiei and hosts have major roles in regulating immune interactions between parasites and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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Rehbein S, Visser M, Meyer M, Lindner T. Ivermectin treatment of bovine psoroptic mange: effects on serum chemistry, hematology, organ weights, and leather quality. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1519-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blutke A, Börjes P, Herbach N, Pfister K, Hamel D, Rehbein S, Wanke R. Acaricide treatment prevents adrenocortical hyperplasia as a long-term stress reaction to psoroptic mange in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2015; 207:125-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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