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Cheng Y, Li Q, Yang X, Ding H, Chen W, Dai R, Zhang C. Analysis of Very Important Pharmacogenomics Variants in the Chinese Lahu Population. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1275-1289. [PMID: 34629888 PMCID: PMC8493477 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s324410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic polymorphism, obviously, has a potential clinical role in determining differences in drug efficacy; however, there are no reports about the pharmacogenomic information of the Lahu population. Therefore, our research aimed to screen the genotypic frequencies of the very important pharmacogenomics (VIP) mutations and determined the differences between Lahu and the other 11 populations. Methods Agena MassARRAY (AgenaMassARRAY) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technique was used to detect 81 VIP mutations of pharmacogenomics genes in Lahu, and their genotypic frequencies were compared with the other major 11 populations. Chi-square tests were used to identify different loci among these populations. Finally, the genetic structure and pairwise Fst values of Lahu and the other 11 populations were analyzed. Results We found that the distribution of allele frequencies within different pharmacogenes in Lahu showed significantly different with other populations. Additionally, the pairwise F-statistics (Fst) values and genetic structure revealed the variants in the Lahu population as well were mostly related to the Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB) and the Japanese population in Tokyo, Japan (JPT) genetically. Conclusion This study will provide a theoretical basis for safe drug use and help to establish the appropriate individualized treatment strategies in the Lahu population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Ding
- Blood Station of Honghe State Center, Honghe Prefecture City, 661100, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Dai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming City, 650021, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ikeda K, Ide S, Takahashi-Omoe H, Minami M, Miyata H, Kawato M, Okamoto H, Kikuchi T, Saito Y, Shirao T, Sekino Y, Murai T, Matsumoto T, Iseki M, Nishitani Y, Sumitani M, Takahashi H, Yamawaki S, Isa T, Kamio Y. Required research activities to overcome addiction problems in Japan. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3
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Bohnsack JP, Pandey SC. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and the epigenetic code of alcohol use disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 156:1-62. [PMID: 33461661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite AUD's substantial contributions to lost economic productivity and quality of life, there are only a limited number of approved drugs for treatment of AUD in the United States. This chapter will update progress made on the epigenetic basis of AUD, with particular focus on histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation and how these two epigenetic mechanisms interact to contribute to neuroadaptive processes leading to initiation, maintenance and progression of AUD pathophysiology. We will also evaluate epigenetic therapeutic strategies that have arisen from preclinical models of AUD and epigenetic biomarkers that have been discovered in human populations with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peyton Bohnsack
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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4
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Yokoyama A, Katada C, Yokoyama T, Takizawa K, Yano T, Oda I, Shimizu Y, Nakanishi H, Koike T, Hirao M, Okada H, Yoshii T, Katagiri A, Yamanouchi T, Matsuo Y, Kawakubo H, Kobayashi N, Ishikawa H, Muto M. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the risk of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:1049-1056. [PMID: 32157279 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Follow-up studies of Japanese patients who had undergone endoscopic resection (ER) for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have reported a high prevalence of metachronous SCC in the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). This prospective multicenter cohort study followed up 330 Japanese patients after ER of ESCC for a median of 49.4 months. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for the 12-month period prior to study registration revealed high frequencies of high-risk drinking behaviors: 84 (25.4%) subjects had AUDIT scores of ≥15 points (suspected alcohol dependence) and 121 (36.7%) subjects had AUDIT scores of 8-14 points (hazardous drinking). Seventy-four subjects were metachronously diagnosed with ESCC, and 20 subjects with head and neck SCC (HNSCC). AUDIT scores ≥15 were associated with increases in the total number of HNSCCs per 100 person-years (0.4 for 0-7, 1.2 for 8-14 and 7.1 for ≥15; P < 0.0001). AUDIT scores were progressively associated with the grade of esophageal Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs), a predictor of field cancerization in the UAT. Both an AUDIT score of ≥15 points and the presence of multiple LVLs were independent predictors of metachronous HNSCC [multivariate hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 6.98 (1.31-37.09) and 3.19 (1.19-8.54), respectively]. However, a high AUDIT score was not a predictor of metachronous ESCC. In conclusion, high AUDIT scores were markedly frequent in this population and increased the risk of metachronous HNSCC. The assessment of drinking behavior using the AUDIT and the completion of interventions for alcohol problems should be incorporated into the treatment strategy of ESCC. The name of the clinical trial register and the clinical trial registration number: Japan Esophageal Cohort Study, UMIN000001676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chikatoshi Katada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Takizawa
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirao
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katagiri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamanouchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Matsuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Schmitt RE, Messick MR, Shell BC, Dunbar EK, Fang H, Shelton KL, Venton BJ, Pletcher SD, Grotewiel M. Dietary yeast influences ethanol sedation in Drosophila via serotonergic neuron function. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12779. [PMID: 31169340 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abuse of alcohol is a major clinical problem with far-reaching health consequences. Understanding the environmental and genetic factors that contribute to alcohol-related behaviors is a potential gateway for developing novel therapeutic approaches for patients that abuse the drug. To this end, we have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model to investigate the effect of diet, an environmental factor, on ethanol sedation. Providing flies with diets high in yeast, a routinely used component of fly media, increased their resistance to ethanol sedation. The yeast-induced resistance to ethanol sedation occurred in several different genetic backgrounds, was observed in males and females, was elicited by yeast from different sources, was readily reversible, and was associated with increased nutrient intake as well as decreased internal ethanol levels. Inhibition of serotonergic neuron function using multiple independent genetic manipulations blocked the effect of yeast supplementation on ethanol sedation, nutrient intake, and internal ethanol levels. Our results demonstrate that yeast is a critical dietary component that influences ethanol sedation in flies and that serotonergic signaling is required for the effect of dietary yeast on nutrient intake, ethanol uptake/elimination, and ethanol sedation. Our studies establish the fly as a model for diet-induced changes in ethanol sedation and raise the possibility that serotonin might mediate the effect of diet on alcohol-related behavior in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Schmitt
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Monica R. Messick
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Brandon C. Shell
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Ellyn K. Dunbar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - Huai‐Fang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Keith L. Shelton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Geriatrics Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mike Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Richmond VA USA
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Maruvada P, Lampe JW, Wishart DS, Barupal D, Chester DN, Dodd D, Djoumbou-Feunang Y, Dorrestein PC, Dragsted LO, Draper J, Duffy LC, Dwyer JT, Emenaker NJ, Fiehn O, Gerszten RE, B Hu F, Karp RW, Klurfeld DM, Laughlin MR, Little AR, Lynch CJ, Moore SC, Nicastro HL, O'Brien DM, Ordovás JM, Osganian SK, Playdon M, Prentice R, Raftery D, Reisdorph N, Roche HM, Ross SA, Sang S, Scalbert A, Srinivas PR, Zeisel SH. Perspective: Dietary Biomarkers of Intake and Exposure-Exploration with Omics Approaches. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:200-215. [PMID: 31386148 PMCID: PMC7442414 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While conventional nutrition research has yielded biomarkers such as doubly labeled water for energy metabolism and 24-h urinary nitrogen for protein intake, a critical need exists for additional, equally robust biomarkers that allow for objective assessment of specific food intake and dietary exposure. Recent advances in high-throughput MS combined with improved metabolomics techniques and bioinformatic tools provide new opportunities for dietary biomarker development. In September 2018, the NIH organized a 2-d workshop to engage nutrition and omics researchers and explore the potential of multiomics approaches in nutritional biomarker research. The current Perspective summarizes key gaps and challenges identified, as well as the recommendations from the workshop that could serve as a guide for scientists interested in dietary biomarkers research. Topics addressed included study designs for biomarker development, analytical and bioinformatic considerations, and integration of dietary biomarkers with other omics techniques. Several clear needs were identified, including larger controlled feeding studies, testing a variety of foods and dietary patterns across diverse populations, improved reporting standards to support study replication, more chemical standards covering a broader range of food constituents and human metabolites, standardized approaches for biomarker validation, comprehensive and accessible food composition databases, a common ontology for dietary biomarker literature, and methodologic work on statistical procedures for intake biomarker discovery. Multidisciplinary research teams with appropriate expertise are critical to moving forward the field of dietary biomarkers and producing robust, reproducible biomarkers that can be used in public health and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Maruvada
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Deirdra N Chester
- Division of Nutrition, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yannick Djoumbou-Feunang
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Section of Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Draper
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Linda C Duffy
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy J Emenaker
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition; Epidemiology and Statistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W Karp
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David M Klurfeld
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety/Quality, USDA—Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Maren R Laughlin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Roger Little
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Lynch
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Holly L Nicastro
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stavroula K Osganian
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah and Division of Cancer Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Ross
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, Lyon, France
| | - Pothur R Srinivas
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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7
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Zaso MJ, Goodhines PA, Wall TL, Park A. Meta-Analysis on Associations of Alcohol Metabolism Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder in East Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:216-224. [PMID: 30834931 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current meta-analysis tested independent and composite associations of three commonly studied alcohol metabolism alleles with alcohol use disorder (AUD) within East Asians as well as characterized potential moderating factors in these associations. METHODS For meta-analysis, 32 articles were selected that investigated ALDH2 (n = 17,755), ADH1B (n = 13,591) and ADH1C (n = 4,093) associations with AUD in East Asians. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All three variants were associated with AUD across allelic and genotypic models: ALDH2, ORs = 0.25, P < 0.001; ADH1B, ORs = 0.22-0.49, P < 0.001; ADH1C, ORs = 0.26-0.46, P < 0.001. Composite analyses suggested genetic associations did not differ across ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2, correcting for multiple comparisons. Moderation analyses suggested ADH1B was more strongly associated with AUD among samples with cases recruited from treatment than the community. Also, strength of ALDH2 and/or ADH1B associations varied with mean age and proportion of men in cases and controls. Findings support medium to large and unique associations of ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C with AUD in East Asians. Results also identified novel methodological and sample characteristics that may modulate strength of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Zaso
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Goodhines
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.,V.A. San Diego Health System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN. Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2281-2297. [PMID: 30320893 PMCID: PMC6286250 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are complex traits, meaning that variations in many genes contribute to the risk, as does the environment. Although the total genetic contribution to risk is substantial, most individual variations make only very small contributions. By far the strongest contributors are functional variations in 2 genes involved in alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) metabolism. A functional variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is protective in people of European and Asian descent, and a different functional variant in the same gene is protective in those of African descent. A strongly protective variant in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is essentially only found in Asians. This highlights the need to study a wide range of populations. The likely mechanism of protection against heavy drinking and AUDs in both cases is alteration in the rate of metabolism of EtOH that at least transiently elevates acetaldehyde. Other ADH and ALDH variants, including functional variations in ADH1C, have also been implicated in affecting drinking behavior and risk for alcoholism. The pattern of linkage disequilibrium in the ADH region and the differences among populations complicate analyses, particularly of regulatory variants. This critical review focuses upon the ADH and ALDH genes as they affect AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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9
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Zhang S, Wu H, Zhou H, Liang L. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C gene *1/*2 polymorphism with alcohol Dependence(AD) in Turkey: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:66-69. [PMID: 29438797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the association between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and alcohol dependence (AD), but have yielded controversial results in Turkey. Therefore, in an effort to illustrate whether ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism is associated with AD risk in Turkish population, we used meta analysis to synthetically evaluate the effect of ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism on AD. Publications were identified by searching in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Four eligible studies involving 400 controls and 421 cases were included in this study. Overall, there is a significant association between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and AD risk in the allelic model (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05-2.62, P = 0.03) and recessive model (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14-2.58, P = 0.01), while no significance was discovered in the dominant genetic model, homozygote model and heterozygotemodel. No publication bias was indicated from Begg's and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis results suggested that a potential relationship between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and AD risk in Turkish population. Further studies are confirmed to resolve this question about the etiological mechanisms of the correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China.
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10
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Cleveland HH, Schlomer GL, Vandenbergh DJ, Wolf PSA, Feinberg M, Greenberg M, Spoth R, Redmond C. Associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across early and middle adolescence: Moderation × Preventive intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:297-313. [PMID: 28534462 PMCID: PMC6367729 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Data from the in-school sample of the PROSPER preventive intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across adolescence, and whether substance misuse interventions in the 6th and 7th grades (targeting parenting, family functioning, social norms, youth decision making, and peer group affiliations) modified associations between these genes and adolescent use. Primary analyses were run on a sample of 1,885 individuals and included three steps. First, we estimated unconditional growth curve models with separate slopes for alcohol use from 6th to 9th grade and from 9th to 12th grade, as well as the intercept at Grade 9. Second, we used intervention condition and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, 1B (ADH1B), 1C (ADH1C), and 4 (ADH4) to predict variance in slopes and intercept. Third, we examined whether genetic influences on model slopes and intercepts were moderated by intervention condition. The results indicated that the increase in alcohol use was greater in early adolescence than in middle adolescence; two of the genes, ADH1B and ADH1C, significantly predicted early adolescent slope and Grade 9 intercept, and associations between ADH1C and both early adolescent slope and intercept were significantly different across control and intervention conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harrington Cleveland
- Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 234 Health & Human Development Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16803, 814-867-2370,
| | - Gabriel L Schlomer
- University of Albany, SUNY, Assistant Professor, Educational Psychology & Methodology, ED 225, Albany, NY 12222, 518-442-5150,
| | - David J. Vandenbergh
- Professor of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 258A HHD Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, 814-863-8430,
| | - Pedro S. A. Wolf
- The Pennsylvania State University, Behavioral Scientist, Northup Grumman, Falls Church, VA,
| | - Mark Feinberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Research Professor of Health and Human Development, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, 814-865-7375,
| | - Mark Greenberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Edna Peterson Bennett Endowed Chair in Prevention Research, Professor of Human Development and Psychology, 306 BBH Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, 814-863-0112,
| | - Richard Spoth
- Iowa State University, Human Development and Family Studies, Ames, IA 50010, 515-294-9752,
| | - Cleve Redmond
- Iowa State University, Human Development and Family Studies, Ames, IA 50010, 515-294-0114,
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11
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Treutlein J, Frank J, Streit F, Reinbold CS, Juraeva D, Degenhardt F, Rietschel L, Witt SH, Forstner AJ, Ridinger M, Strohmaier J, Wodarz N, Dukal H, Foo JC, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Soyka M, Maier W, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Ising M, Stickel F, Berg T, Roggenbuck U, Jöckel KH, Scholz H, Zimmermann US, Buch S, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Brors B, Cichon S, Mann K, Kiefer F, Hampe J, Rosendahl J, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E183. [PMID: 28714907 PMCID: PMC5541316 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the genetic contribution to alcohol dependence (AD) using genome-wide association data from three German samples. These comprised patients with: (i) AD; (ii) chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (ACP); and (iii) alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC). Single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses were conducted. A significant association was detected for the ADH1B locus in a gene-based approach (puncorrected = 1.2 × 10-6; pcorrected = 0.020). This was driven by the AD subsample. No association with ADH1B was found in the combined ACP + ALC sample. On first inspection, this seems surprising, since ADH1B is a robustly replicated risk gene for AD and may therefore be expected to be associated also with subgroups of AD patients. The negative finding in the ACP + ALC sample, however, may reflect genetic stratification as well as random fluctuation of allele frequencies in the cases and controls, demonstrating the importance of large samples in which the phenotype is well assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Liz Rietschel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry (U.P.K.), University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland.
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Helene Dukal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Herms
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen, 3860 Meiringen, Switzerland.
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcus Ising
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Hirslanden Private Hospital, 8032 Hirslanden Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulla Roggenbuck
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden Technical University, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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12
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Sulovari A, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Li D. Genome-wide meta-analysis of copy number variations with alcohol dependence. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:398-405. [PMID: 28696413 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies and meta-analyses of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs collectively account for a small portion of estimated heritability in AD. Recent genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) studies have identified CNVs associated with AD and substance dependence, suggesting that a portion of the missing heritability is explained by CNV. We applied PennCNV and QuantiSNP CNV calling algorithms to identify consensus CNVs in five AD cohorts of European and African origins. After rigorous quality control, genome-wide meta-analyses of CNVs were carried out in 3243 well-diagnosed AD cases and 2802 controls. We identified nine CNV regions, including a deletion in chromosome 5q21.3 with a suggestive association with AD (OR=2.15 (1.41-3.29) and P=3.8 × 10-4) and eight nominally significant CNV regions. All regions were replicated with consistent effect sizes across studies and populations. Pathway and gene-drug interaction enrichment analyses based on the resulting genes indicated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the recombinant insulin and hyaluronidase drugs, which were relevant to AD biology or treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide meta-analysis of CNVs with addiction. Further investigation of the AD-associated CNV regions will provide better understanding of the AD genetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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13
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Zaso MJ, Desalu JM, Kim J, Suryadevara K, Belote JM, Park A. Interaction between the ADH1B*3 allele and drinking motives on alcohol use among Black college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:329-338. [PMID: 28662358 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1339054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black young adults have lower rates of alcohol use than other racial groups. Genetic factors may protect against drinking. Specifically, the ADH1B*3 allele is present almost exclusively in Black populations and has been protective against alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects of the ADH1B*3 allele, however, may differ as a function of alcohol-promoting cognitions. OBJECTIVES The current study examined whether ADH1B*3 moderated relations of drinking motives with alcohol consumption among Black college drinkers. METHODS Participants were 241 undergraduate students of self-identified Black race (mean age = 20 years; 66% female) who reported consuming alcohol at least once in the past 30 days. RESULTS ADH1B*3 was not significantly associated with drinking motives or drinking behaviors. However, significant, albeit small, interaction effects of ADH1B*3 with drinking motives on drinking behavior were found; the presence of an ADH1B*3 allele protected against greater drinking quantity among students with high social motives (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) and against frequent drinking among students with low coping motives (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.01, 1.11]). CONCLUSION These findings represent a novel demonstration of genetic modulation of alcohol-related cognitions within Black college drinkers, although replication is needed. Results represent an initial step toward better characterizing individual differences in associations of drinking motives with drinking behavior, with potential implications for interventions aimed at motivational processes in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Zaso
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Jessica M Desalu
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Jueun Kim
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | | | - John M Belote
- b Center for Reproductive Evolution/Department of Biology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
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14
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are nonprotein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Many of these lncRNAs have regulatory functions and have recently emerged as major players in governing fundamental biological processes. Here, we review the definition, distribution, identification, databases, analysis, classification, and functions of lncRNAs. We also discuss the potential roles of lncRNAs in the etiological processes of psychiatric disorders and the implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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15
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Vu KN, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Nambi V, Volcik KA, Boerwinkle E, Morrison AC. Causal Role of Alcohol Consumption in an Improved Lipid Profile: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148765. [PMID: 26849558 PMCID: PMC4744040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health benefits of low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may operate through an improved lipid profile. A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to examine whether alcohol consumption causally affects lipid levels. METHODS This analysis involved 10,893 European Americans (EA) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Common and rare variants in alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase genes were evaluated for MR assumptions. Five variants, residing in the ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4 genes, were selected as genetic instruments and were combined into an unweighted genetic score. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and its subfractions (HDL2-c and HDL3-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), small dense LDL-c (sdLDL-c), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels were analyzed. RESULTS Alcohol consumption significantly increased HDL2-c and reduced TG, total cholesterol, LDL-c, sdLDL-c, and apoB levels. For each of these lipids a non-linear trend was observed. Compared to the first quartile of alcohol consumption, the third quartile had a 12.3% lower level of TG (p < 0.001), a 7.71 mg/dL lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.007), a 10.3% higher level of HDL2-c (p = 0.007), a 6.87 mg/dL lower level of LDL-c (p = 0.012), a 7.4% lower level of sdLDL-c (p = 0.037), and a 3.5% lower level of apoB (p = 0.058, poverall = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the causal role of regular low-to-moderate alcohol consumption in increasing HDL2-c, reducing TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-c, and provides evidence for the novel finding that low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol reduces apoB and sdLDL-c levels among EA. However, given the nonlinearity of the effect of alcohol consumption, even within the range of low-to-moderate drinking, increased consumption does not always result in a larger benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh N. Vu
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Wall TL, Luczak SE, Hiller-Sturmhöfel S. Biology, Genetics, and Environment: Underlying Factors Influencing Alcohol Metabolism. Alcohol Res 2016; 38:59-68. [PMID: 27163368 PMCID: PMC4872614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene variants encoding several of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), are among the largest genetic associations with risk for alcohol dependence. Certain genetic variants (i.e., alleles)--particularly the ADH1B*2, ADH1B*3, ADH1C*1, and ALDH2*2 alleles--have been associated with lower rates of alcohol dependence. These alleles may lead to an accumulation of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, which can result in heightened subjective and objective effects. The prevalence of these alleles differs among ethnic groups; ADH1B*2 is found frequently in northeast Asians and occasionally Caucasians, ADH1B*3 is found predominantly in people of African ancestry, ADH1C*1 varies substantially across populations, and ALDH2*2 is found almost exclusively in northeast Asians. Differences in the prevalence of these alleles may account at least in part for ethnic differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, these alleles do not act in isolation to influence the risk of AUD. For example, the gene effects of ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 seem to interact. Moreover, other factors have been found to influence the extent to which these alleles affect a person's alcohol involvement, including developmental stage, individual characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, antisocial behavior, and behavioral undercontrol), and environmental factors (e.g., culture, religion, family environment, and childhood adversity).
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17
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Mbarek H, Milaneschi Y, Fedko IO, Hottenga JJ, de Moor MHM, Jansen R, Gelernter J, Sherva R, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Penninx BW, Vink JM. The genetics of alcohol dependence: Twin and SNP-based heritability, and genome-wide association study based on AUDIT scores. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:739-48. [PMID: 26365420 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is among the most common and costly public health problems contributing to morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In this study, we investigate the genetic basis of AD in a Dutch population using data from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The presence of AD was ascertained via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) applying cut-offs with good specificity and sensitivity in identifying those at risk for AD. Twin-based heritability of AD-AUDIT was estimated using structural equation modeling of data in 7,694 MZ and DZ twin pairs. Variance in AD-AUDIT explained by all SNPs was estimated with genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 7,842 subjects. GWAS SNP effect concordance analysis was performed between our GWAS and a recent AD GWAS using DSM-IV diagnosis. The twin-based heritability of AD-AUDIT was estimated at 60% (55-69%). GCTA showed that common SNPs jointly capture 33% (SE = 0.12, P = 0.002) of this heritability. In the GWAS, the top hits were positioned within four regions (4q31.1, 2p16.1, 6q25.1, 7p14.1) with the strongest association detected for rs55768019 (P = 7.58 × 10(-7) ). This first GWAS of AD using the AUDIT measure found results consistent with previous genetic studies using DSM diagnosis: concordance in heritability estimates and direction of SNPs effect and overlap with top hits from previous GWAS. Thus, the use of appropriate questionnaires may represent cost-effective strategies to phenotype samples in large-scale biobanks or other population-based datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hamza MS, Kumar C, Chia SM, Anandalakshmi V, Boo N, Strapps W, Robinson M, Caguyong M, Bartz S, Tadin-Strapps M, van Gool A, Shih SJ. Alterations in the hepatic transcriptional landscape after RNAi mediated ApoB silencing in cynomolgus monkeys. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:383-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Bühler KM, Giné E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Calleja-Conde J, de Fonseca FR, López-Moreno JA. Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. Addict Biol 2015; 20:845-71. [PMID: 25603899 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug-related phenotypes are common complex and highly heritable traits. In the last few years, candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug use, abuse or dependence, mainly related to alcohol or nicotine. Nevertheless, few of these associations have been replicated in independent studies. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the SNPs that have been most significantly associated with alcohol-, nicotine-, cannabis- and cocaine-related phenotypes in humans between the years of 2000 and 2012. To this end, we selected CGAS, GWAS, family-based association and case-only studies published in peer-reviewed international scientific journals (using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Addiction GWAS Resource databases) in which a significant association was reported. A total of 371 studies fit the search criteria. We then filtered SNPs with at least one replication study and performed meta-analysis of the significance of the associations. SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes, in the cholinergic gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, and in the DRD2 and ANNK1 genes, are, to date, the most replicated and significant gene variants associated with alcohol- and nicotine-related phenotypes. In the case of cannabis and cocaine, a far fewer number of studies and replications have been reported, indicating either a need for further investigation or that the genetics of cannabis/cocaine addiction are more elusive. This review brings a global state-of-the-art vision of the behavioral genetics of addiction and collaborates on formulation of new hypothesis to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Elena Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology; School of Medicine; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
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Grotewiel M, Bettinger JC. Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans as Discovery Platforms for Genes Involved in Human Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1292-311. [PMID: 26173477 PMCID: PMC4656040 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the profound clinical significance and strong heritability of alcohol use disorder (AUD), we do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the naturally occurring genetic variance within the human genome that drives its development. This lack of understanding is likely to be due in part to the large phenotypic and genetic heterogeneities that underlie human AUD. As a complement to genetic studies in humans, many laboratories are using the invertebrate model organisms (iMOs) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm) to identify genetic mechanisms that influence the effects of alcohol (ethanol) on behavior. While these extremely powerful models have identified many genes that influence the behavioral responses to alcohol, in most cases it has remained unclear whether results from behavioral-genetic studies in iMOs are directly applicable to understanding the genetic basis of human AUD. METHODS In this review, we critically evaluate the utility of the fly and worm models for identifying genes that influence AUD in humans. RESULTS Based on results published through early 2015, studies in flies and worms have identified 91 and 50 genes, respectively, that influence 1 or more aspects of behavioral responses to alcohol. Collectively, these fly and worm genes correspond to 293 orthologous genes in humans. Intriguingly, 51 of these 293 human genes have been implicated in AUD by at least 1 study in human populations. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses strongly suggest that the Drosophila and C. elegans models have considerable utility for identifying orthologs of genes that influence human AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Forero DA, López-León S, Shin HD, Park BL, Kim DJ. Meta-analysis of six genes (BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA) involved in neuroplasticity and the risk for alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:259-63. [PMID: 25660313 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related problems have a large impact on human health, accounting for around 4% of deaths and 4.5% of disability-adjusted life-years around the world. Genetic factors could explain a significant fraction of the risk for alcohol dependence (AD). Recent meta-analyses have found significant pooled odds ratios (ORs) for variants in the ADH1B, ADH1C, DRD2 and HTR2A genes. METHODS In the present study, we carried out a meta-analysis of common variants in 6 candidate genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroplasticity: BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA. We carried out a systematic search for published association studies that analyzed the genes of interest. Relevant articles were retrieved and demographic and genetic data were extracted. Pooled ORs were calculated using a random-effects model using the Meta-Analyst program. Dominant, recessive and allelic models were tested and analyses were also stratified by ethnicity. RESULTS Forty two published studies were included in the current meta-analysis: BDNF-rs6265 (nine studies), DRD1-rs4532 (four studies), DRD3-rs6280 (eleven studies), DRD4-VNTR (seven studies), GRIN2B-rs1806201 (three studies) and MAOA-uVNTR (eight studies). We did not find significant pooled ORs for any of the six genes, under different models and stratifying for ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS In terms of the number of candidate genes included, this is one of the most comprehensive meta-analyses for genetics of AD. Pooled ORs did not support consistent associations with any of the six candidate genes tested. Future studies of novel genes of functional relevance and meta-analyses of quantitative endophenotypes could identify further susceptibility molecular factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Lae Park
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ayhan Y, Gürel ŞC, Karaca Ö, Zoto T, Hayran M, Babaoğlu M, Yaşar Ü, Bozkurt A, Dilbaz N, Uluğ BD, Demir B. Association between ADH1C and ALDH2 polymorphisms and alcoholism in a Turkish sample. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:233-9. [PMID: 25372623 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2014.972450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the genes encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes are associated with alcohol dependence. AIM To evaluate the association between the alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) Ile350Val and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphisms and alcohol dependence in a Turkish sample. METHODS 235 individuals (115 alcohol-dependent patients and 120 controls) were genotyped for ADH1C and ALDH2 with PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Association between the polymorphisms and family history, daily and maximum amount of alcohol consumed was investigated. The associations between alcohol dependence, severity of consumption and family history and the polymorphisms were analyzed by chi-square or Fisher's exact test where necessary. Relationship between genotypes and dependence related features was evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The -350Val allele for ADH1C (ADH1C*2) was increased in alcohol-dependent patients (P = 0.05). In individuals with a positive family history, the genotype distribution differed significantly (P = 0.031) and more patients carried the Val allele compared with controls (P = 0.025). Genotyping of 162 participants did not reveal the -504Lys allele in ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ADH1C*2 is associated with alcohol dependence in the Turkish population displaying a dominant inheritance model. ADH1C*2 allele may contribute to the variance in heritability of alcohol dependence. The ALDH2 -504Lys/Lys or Glu/Lys genotypes were not present in alcohol-dependent patients, similar to that seen in European populations and in contrast to the findings in the Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Ayhan
- Yavuz Ayhan, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry , 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara , Turkey
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Juraeva D, Treutlein J, Scholz H, Frank J, Degenhardt F, Cichon S, Ridinger M, Mattheisen M, Witt SH, Lang M, Sommer WH, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Wodarz N, Soyka M, Zill P, Maier W, Jünger E, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Schmäl C, Steffens M, Lucae S, Ising M, Smolka MN, Zimmermann US, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Mann K, Kiefer F, Spanagel R, Brors B, Rietschel M. XRCC5 as a risk gene for alcohol dependence: evidence from a genome-wide gene-set-based analysis and follow-up studies in Drosophila and humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:361-71. [PMID: 25035082 PMCID: PMC4443948 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors have as large role as environmental factors in the etiology of alcohol dependence (AD). Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable systematic searches for loci not hitherto implicated in the etiology of AD, many true findings may be missed owing to correction for multiple testing. The aim of the present study was to circumvent this limitation by searching for biological system-level differences, and then following up these findings in humans and animals. Gene-set-based analysis of GWAS data from 1333 cases and 2168 controls identified 19 significantly associated gene-sets, of which 5 could be replicated in an independent sample. Clustered in these gene-sets were novel and previously identified susceptibility genes. The most frequently present gene, ie in 6 out of 19 gene-sets, was X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (XRCC5). Previous human and animal studies have implicated XRCC5 in alcohol sensitivity. This phenotype is inversely correlated with the development of AD, presumably as more alcohol is required to achieve the desired effects. In the present study, the functional role of XRCC5 in AD was further validated in animals and humans. Drosophila mutants with reduced function of Ku80-the homolog of mammalian XRCC5-due to RNAi silencing showed reduced sensitivity to ethanol. In humans with free access to intravenous ethanol self-administration in the laboratory, the maximum achieved blood alcohol concentration was influenced in an allele-dose-dependent manner by genetic variation in XRCC5. In conclusion, our convergent approach identified new candidates and generated independent evidence for the involvement of XRCC5 in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maren Lang
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jünger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Addiction Research Group at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmäl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- Division of Research, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,Institute of Translational Medicine Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany, Tel: +49 621 1703 6051, Fax: +49 621 1703 6055, E-mail:
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Norden-Krichmar TM, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Schork NJ, Ehlers CL. Protective variant associated with alcohol dependence in a Mexican American cohort. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:136. [PMID: 25527893 PMCID: PMC4337107 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Mexican Americans, particularly those born in the United States, are at greater risk for alcohol associated morbidity and mortality. The present study sought to investigate whether specific genetic variants may be associated with alcohol use disorder phenotypes in a select population of Mexican American young adults. Methods The study evaluated a cohort of 427 (age 18 – 30 years) Mexican American men (n = 171) and women (n = 256). Information on alcohol dependence was obtained through interview using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). For all subjects, DNA was extracted from blood samples, followed by genotyping using an Affymetrix Axiom Exome1A chip. Results A protective variant (rs991316) located downstream from the ADH7 (alcohol dehydrogenase 7) gene showed suggestive significance in association with alcohol dependence symptom counts derived from DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria, as well as to clustered alcohol dependence symptoms. Additional linkage analysis suggested that nearby variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs991316 were not responsible for the observed association with the alcohol dependence phenotypes in this study. Conclusions ADH7 has been shown to have a protective role against alcohol dependence in previous studies involving other ethnicities, but has not been reported for Mexican Americans. These results suggest that variants near ADH7 may play a role in protection from alcohol dependence in this Mexican American cohort.
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Lawlor DA, Benn M, Zuccolo L, De Silva NMG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Smith GD, Nordestgaard BG. ADH1B and ADH1C genotype, alcohol consumption and biomarkers of liver function: findings from a Mendelian randomization study in 58,313 European origin Danes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114294. [PMID: 25503943 PMCID: PMC4266606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of alcohol consumption on liver function is difficult to determine because of reporting bias and potential residual confounding. Our aim was to determine this effect using genetic variants to proxy for the unbiased effect of alcohol. Methods We used variants in ADH1B and ADH1C genes as instrumental variables (IV) to estimate the causal effect of long-term alcohol consumption on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and prothrombin action. Analyses were undertaken on 58,313 Danes (mean age 56). Results In both confounder adjusted multivariable and genetic-IV analyses greater alcohol consumption, amongst those who drank any alcohol, was associated with higher ALT [mean difference per doubling of alcohol consumption: 3.4% (95% CI: 3.1, 3.7) from multivariable analyses and 3.7% (−4.5, 11.9) from genetic-IV analyses] and γ-GT [8.2% (7.8, 8.5) and 6.8% (−2.8, 16.5)]. The point estimates from the two methods were very similar and statistically the results from the two methods were consistent with each other for effects with ALT and γ-GT (both pdiff>0.3). Results from the multivariable analyses suggested a weak inverse association of alcohol with ALP [−1.5% (−1.7, −1.3)], which differed from the strong positive effect found in genetic-IV analyses [11.6% (6.8, 16.4)] (pdiff<0.0001). In both multivariable and genetic-IV analyses associations with bilirubin and protrombin action were weak and close to the null. Conclusions Our results suggest that greater consumption of alcohol is related to poorer liver function as indicated by higher ALT, γ-GT and ALP, but not to clotting or bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Benn
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - N. Maneka G. De Silva
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zuo L, Lu L, Tan Y, Pan X, Cai Y, Wang X, Hong J, Zhong C, Wang F, Zhang XY, Vanderlinden LA, Tabakoff B, Luo X. Genome-wide association discoveries of alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 2014; 23:526-39. [PMID: 25278008 PMCID: PMC4187224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the genome-wide significant and/or replicable risk variants for alcohol dependence and explore their potential biological functions. METHODS We searched in PubMed for all genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of alcohol dependence. The following three types of the results were extracted: genome-wide significant associations in an individual sample, the combined samples, or the meta-analysis (p < 5 × 10(-8) ); top-ranked associations in an individual sample (p < 10(-5) ) that were nominally replicated in other samples (p < .05); and nominally replicable associations across at least three independent GWAS samples (p < .05). These results were meta-analyzed. cis-eQTLs in human, RNA expression in rat and mouse brains and bioinformatics properties of all of these risk variants were analyzed. RESULTS The variants located within the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cluster were significantly associated with alcohol dependence at the genome-wide level (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) in at least one sample. Some associations with the ADH cluster were replicable across six independent GWAS samples. The variants located within or near SERINC2, KIAA0040, MREG-PECR or PKNOX2 were significantly associated with alcohol dependence at the genome-wide level (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) in meta-analysis or combined samples, and these associations were replicable across at least one sample. The associations with the variants within NRD1, GPD1L-CMTM8 or MAP3K9-PCNX were suggestive (5 × 10(-8) < p < 10(-5) ) in some samples, and nominally replicable in other samples. The associations with the variants at HTR7 and OPA3 were nominally replicable across at least three independent GWAS samples (10(-5) < p < .05). Some risk variants at the ADH cluster, SERINC2, KIAA0040, NRD1, and HTR7 had potential biological functions. CONCLUSION The most robust risk locus was the ADH cluster. SERINC2, KIAA0040, NRD1, and HTR7 were also likely to play important roles in alcohol dependence. PKNOX2, MREG, PECR, GPD1L, CMTM8, MAP3K9, PCNX, and OPA3 might play less important roles in risk for alcohol dependence based on the function analysis. This conclusion will significantly contribute to the post-GWAS follow-up studies on alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiang-yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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Montane Jaime LK, Shafe S, Liang T, Wills DN, Berg GI, Ehlers CL. Subjective response to alcohol and ADH polymorphisms in a select sample of young adult male East Indians and Africans in Trinidad and Tobago. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 75:827-38. [PMID: 25208201 PMCID: PMC4161702 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Level of response to alcohol has been associated with risk of alcohol dependence in a number of ethnic groups. In the present study, subjective and objective responses to alcohol were evaluated in Indo-Trinidadians (Indo-T) and Afro-Trinidadians (Afro-T). Associations of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms with response to alcohol, using the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS), and breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) were tested. METHOD Regular male drinkers without alcohol dependence (n = 112) ages 18-25 years participated in alcohol challenge sessions consisting of placebo and two doses of alcohol (target BrAC: 0 g/dl for placebo, .04 g/dl low dose, and .08 g/dl high dose) and genotyped for variants in ADH1B*3 and ADH1C*2. RESULTS Indo-T had significantly higher BrAC, pulse rates, and cortisol levels when compared with Afro-T but did not have significantly higher SHAS values. Higher responses on the SHAS items muddle/confused and nauseated were significantly associated with the presence of at least one ADH1B*3 allele following the high dose of alcohol in Afro-T. Indo-T with at least one ADH1C*2 allele displayed significantly different Drug × Time interactions for the SHAS item effects of alcohol at the low dose and for the SHAS items clumsy, muddle/confused, effects of alcohol, floating, drunk, and total at the high dose from Indo-T with two ADH1C*1 alleles. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that has investigated individual sensitivity to alcohol in a Caribbean population and in people of East Indian descent. Indo-T with at least one ADH1C*2 allele may be at higher risk for heavy drinking by feeling less of the effects of alcohol, including nausea. In Afro-T, having at least one ADH1B*3 allele appears to exert a protective effect by enhancing the unpleasant effects of alcohol, such as nausea and confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazara Karelia Montane Jaime
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Samuel Shafe
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derek N Wills
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Greta I Berg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Gribble MO, Around Him DM. Ethics and Community Involvement in Syntheses Concerning American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian Health: A Systematic Review. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2014; 5:1-24. [PMID: 25089283 DOI: 10.1080/21507716.2013.848956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the research was to review reporting of ethical concerns and community involvement in peer-reviewed systematic reviews or meta-analyses concerning American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) health. METHODS Text words and indexed vocabulary terms were used to query PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Native Health Database for systematic reviews or meta-analyses concerning AI/AN/NH health published in peer-reviewed journals, followed by a search through reference lists. Each article was abstracted by two independent reviewers; results were discussed until consensus was reached. RESULTS We identified 107 papers published from 1986-2012 that were primarily about AI/AN/NH health or presented findings separately for AI/AN/NH communities. Two reported seeking indigenous reviewer feedback; none reported seeking input from tribes and communities. Approximately 7% reported on institutional review board (IRB) approval of included studies, 5% reported on tribal approval, and 4% referenced the sovereignty of AI/AN tribes. Approximately 63% used evidence from more than one AI/AN/NH population study, and 28% discussed potential benefits to communities from the synthesis research. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of ethics and community involvement are not prominent. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses making community-level inferences may pose risks to communities. Future systematic reviews and meta-analyses should consider ethical and participatory dimensions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| | - Deana M Around Him
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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Quillen EE, Chen XD, Almasy L, Yang F, He H, Li X, Wang XY, Liu TQ, Hao W, Deng HW, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. ALDH2 is associated to alcohol dependence and is the major genetic determinant of "daily maximum drinks" in a GWAS study of an isolated rural Chinese sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:103-10. [PMID: 24277619 PMCID: PMC4149216 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a moderately heritable phenotype with a small number of known risk genes mapped via linkage or candidate gene studies. We considered 313 males from among 595 members of documented, extended pedigrees in which AD segregates collected in Northern Hunan Province, China. A joint analysis of both males and females could not be performed as the difference in alcohol consumption variance was too large. Genome-wide association analyses were performed for approximately 300,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Significant associations found in the ALDH2 region for AD (minimum P = 4.73 × 10(-8)) and two AD-related phenotypes: flushing response (minimum P = 4.75 × 10(-26)) and maximum drinks in a 24-hr period (minimum P = 1.54 × 10(-16)). Association of previous candidate SNP, rs10774610 in CCDC63, was confirmed but resulted from linkage disequilibrium with ALDH2. ALDH2 is strongly associated with flushing response, AD, and maximum drinks in males, with nonsynonymous SNP rs671 explaining 29.2%, 7.9%, and 22.9% of phenotypic variation, respectively, in this sample. When rs671 was considered as a candidate SNP in females, it explained 23.6% of the variation in flushing response, but alcohol consumption rates were too low among females-despite familial enrichment for AD-for an adequate test of association for either AD or maximum drinks. These results support a mediating effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency on alcohol consumption in males and a secondary, culturally mediated limitation on alcohol consumption by females that should be appropriately modeled in future studies of alcohol consumption in populations where this may be a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Sherva R, Almasy L, Koesterer R, Smith AH, Anton R, Preuss UW, Ridinger M, Rujescu D, Wodarz N, Zill P, Zhao H, Farrer LA. Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence:significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:41-9. [PMID: 24166409 PMCID: PMC4165335 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a GWAS of alcohol dependence (AD) in European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) populations, with replication in independent samples of EAs, AAs and Germans. Our sample for discovery and replication was 16 087 subjects, the largest sample for AD GWAS to date. Numerous genome-wide significant (GWS) associations were identified, many novel. Most associations were population specific, but in several cases were GWS in EAs and AAs for different SNPs at the same locus,showing biological convergence across populations. We confirmed well-known risk loci mapped to alcohol-metabolizing enzyme genes, notably ADH1B (EAs: Arg48His, P=1.17 × 10(-31); AAs: Arg369Cys, P=6.33 × 10(-17)) and ADH1C in AAs (Thr151Thr, P=4.94 × 10(-10)), and identified novel risk loci mapping to the ADH gene cluster on chromosome 4 and extending centromerically beyond it to include GWS associations at LOC100507053 in AAs (P=2.63 × 10(-11)), PDLIM5 in EAs (P=2.01 × 10(-8)), and METAP in AAs (P=3.35 × 10(-8)). We also identified a novel GWS association (1.17 × 10(-10)) mapped to chromosome 2 at rs1437396, between MTIF2 and CCDC88A, across all of the EA and AA cohorts, with supportive gene expression evidence, and population-specific GWS for markers on chromosomes 5, 9 and 19. Several of the novel associations implicate direct involvement of, or interaction with, genes previously identified as schizophrenia risk loci. Confirmation of known AD risk loci supports the overall validity of the study; the novel loci are worthy of genetic and biological follow-up. The findings support a convergence of risk genes (but not necessarily risk alleles) between populations, and, to a lesser extent, between psychiatric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - HR Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R Koesterer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AH Smith
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Anton
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - UW Preuss
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - M Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - N Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Zill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - LA Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Roman S, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Moreno-Luna LE, Panduro A. Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico: Genetic and environmental factors. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7972-7982. [PMID: 24307790 PMCID: PMC3848144 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.7972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism and cirrhosis, which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide, have a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes. Both diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each population. In contrast to other regions around the world, Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic liver disease with an intermediate category level of per capita alcohol consumption. Mexico has a unique history of alcohol consumption that is linked to profound anthropological and social aspects. The Mexican population has an admixture genome inherited from different races, Caucasian, Amerindian and African, with a heterogeneous distribution within the country. Thus, genes related to alcohol addiction, such as dopamine receptor D2 in the brain, or liver alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase class I polypeptide B, cytochrome P450 2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 2, may vary from one individual to another. Furthermore, they may be inherited as risk or non-risk haplogroups that confer susceptibility or resistance either to alcohol addiction or abusive alcohol consumption and possibly liver disease. Thus, in this era of genomics, personalized medicine will benefit patients if it is directed according to individual or population-based data. Additional association studies will be required to establish novel strategies for the prevention, care and treatment of liver disease in Mexico and worldwide.
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Wang S, Yang Z, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Li MD. Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:601-14. [PMID: 23990377 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND). However, these confirmed genetic factors contribute only a small portion of the heritability responsible for each addiction. Among many potential factors, rare variants in those identified and unidentified susceptibility genes are supposed to contribute greatly to the missing heritability. Several studies focusing on rare variants have been conducted by taking advantage of next-generation sequencing technologies, which revealed that some rare variants of nAChR subunits are associated with ND in both genetic and functional studies. However, these studies investigated variants for only a small number of genes and need to be expanded to broad regions/genes in a larger population. This review presents an update on recently developed methods for rare-variant identification and association analysis and on studies focused on rare-variant discovery and function related to addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobiology Science, University of Virginia, 1670 Discovery Drive, Suite 110, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA
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Meyers JL, Shmulewitz D, Aharonovich E, Waxman R, Frisch A, Weizman A, Spivak B, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Hasin DS. Alcohol-metabolizing genes and alcohol phenotypes in an Israeli household sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1872-81. [PMID: 23895337 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B and 1C (ADH1B and ADH1C) variants have been robustly associated with alcohol phenotypes in East Asian populations, but less so in non-Asian populations where prevalence of the most protective ADH1B allele is low (generally <5%). Further, the joint effects of ADH1B and ADH1C on alcohol phenotypes have been unclear. Therefore, we tested the independent and joint effects of ADH1B and ADH1C on alcohol phenotypes in an Israeli sample, with higher prevalence of the most protective ADH1B allele than other non-Asian populations. METHODS A structured interview assessed lifetime drinking and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in adult Israeli household residents. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped: ADH1B (rs1229984, rs1229982, and rs1159918) and ADH1C (rs698). Regression analysis examined the association between alcohol phenotypes and each SNP (absence vs. presence of the protective allele) as well as rs698/rs1229984 diplotypes (also indicating absence or presence of protective alleles) in lifetime drinkers (n = 1,129). RESULTS Lack of the ADH1B rs1229984 protective allele was significantly associated with consumption- and AUD-related phenotypes (OR = 1.77 for AUD; OR = 1.83 for risk drinking), while lack of the ADH1C rs698 protective allele was significantly associated with AUD-related phenotypes (OR = 2.32 for AUD). Diplotype analysis indicated that jointly ADH1B and ADH1C significantly influenced AUD-related phenotypes. For example, among those without protective alleles for ADH1B or ADH1C, OR for AUD was 1.87 as compared to those without the protective allele for ADH1B only and was 3.16 as compared to those with protective alleles for both ADH1B and ADH1C. CONCLUSIONS This study adds support for the relationship of ADH1B and ADH1C and alcohol phenotypes in non-Asians. Further, these findings help clarify the mixed results from previous studies by showing that ADH1B and ADH1C jointly effect AUDs, but not consumption. Studies of the association between alcohol phenotypes and either ADH1B or ADH1C alone may employ an oversimplified model, masking relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Hijona E, Bañales JM, Cosme A, Bujanda L. Alcohol consumption on pancreatic diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:638-47. [PMID: 23429423 PMCID: PMC3574589 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i5.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between alcohol and pancreatic diseases has been recognized for a long time, the impact of alcohol consumption on pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poorly defined. Nowadays there is not consensus about the epidemiology and the beverage type, dose and duration of alcohol consumption causing these diseases. The objective of this study was to review the epidemiology described in the literature for pancreatic diseases as a consequence of alcoholic behavior trying to understand the association between dose, type and frequency of alcohol consumption and risk of pancreatitis and PC. The majority of the studies conclude that high alcohol intake was associated with a higher risk of pancreatitis (around 2.5%-3% between heavy drinkers and 1.3% between non drinkers). About 70% of pancreatitis are due to chronic heavy alcohol consumption. Although this incidence rate differs between countries, it is clear that the risk of developing pancreatitis increases with increasing doses of alcohol and the average of alcohol consumption vary since 80 to 150 g/d for 10-15 years. With regard to PC, the role of alcohol consumption remains less clear, and low to moderate alcohol consumption do not appear to be associated with PC risk, and only chronic heavy drinking increase the risk compared with lightly drinkers. In a population of 10%-15% of heavy drinkers, 2%-5% of all PC cases could be attributed to alcohol consumption. However, as only a minority (less than 10% for pancreatitis and 5% for PC) of heavily drinkers develops these pancreatic diseases, there are other predisposing factors besides alcohol involved. Genetic variability and environmental exposures such as smoking and diet modify the risk and should be considered for further investigations.
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Wang L, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Chen H, Cao Y, Bennett B, Wang Y, Gu W. Expression of alcoholism-relevant genes in the liver are differently correlated to different parts of the brain. Gene Expr 2013; 16:31-8. [PMID: 24397210 PMCID: PMC8750031 DOI: 10.3727/105221613x13776146743389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether expression profiles of alcoholism-relevant genes in different parts of the brain are correlated differently with those in the liver. Four experiments were conducted. First, we used gene expression profiles from five parts of the brain (striatum, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and cerebellum) and from liver in a population of recombinant inbred mouse strains to examine the expression association of 10 alcoholism-relevant genes. Second, we conducted the same association analysis between brain structures and the lung. Third, using five randomly selected, nonalcoholism-relevant genes, we conducted the association analysis between brain and liver. Finally, we compared the expression of 10 alcoholism-relevant genes in hippocampus and cerebellum between an alcohol preference strain and a wild-type control. We observed a difference in correlation patterns in expression levels of 10 alcoholism-relevant genes between different parts of the brain with those of liver. We then examined the association of gene expression between alcohol dehydrogenases (Adh1, Adh2, Adh5, and Adh7) and different parts of the brain. The results were similar to those of the 10 genes. Then, we found that the association of those genes between brain structures and lung was different from that of liver. Next, we found that the association patterns of five alcoholism-nonrelevant genes were different from those of 10 alcoholism-relevant genes. Finally, we found that the expression level of 10 alcohol-relevant genes is influenced more in hippocampus than in cerebellum in the alcohol preference strain. Our results show that the expression of alcoholism-relevant genes in liver is differently associated with the expression of genes in different parts of the brain. Because different structural changes in different parts of the brain in alcoholism have been reported, it is important to investigate whether those structural differences in the brains of those with alcoholism are due to the difference in the associations of gene expression between genes in liver and in different parts of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Wang
- *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery–Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- †Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Huang
- *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery–Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery–Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- ‡Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- §The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery–Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- ¶Institute of Kaschin-Beck Disease, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Beth Bennett
- #School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- **Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weikuan Gu
- *Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery–Campbell Clinic, and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption dates back to the Neolithic period, and alcohol dependence contributes substantially to the current global burden of disease. Despite this, optimal therapies and preventive strategies are lacking. Formal genetic studies of alcohol dependence have shown that genetic factors play as large a role in disease etiology as environmental factors. Molecular genetic studies may identify causal factors and facilitate the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Whereas earlier studies involved the use of linkage- and candidate-gene approaches, recent years have witnessed the introduction of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The present review provides a brief overview of the findings of formal genetic studies, summarizes the results of earlier molecular-genetic investigations, and presents a detailed overview of all published GWAS in the field of alcohol dependence research. To date, few genome-wide significant findings have been reported. However, through the polygenic approach, GWAS have both confirmed the existence of a multitude of novel risk genes and indicated interesting new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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