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Köroğlu Ç, Traurig M, Muller YL, Day SE, Piaggi P, Wiedrich K, Vazquez L, Hanson RL, Van Hout CV, Alkelai A, Shuldiner AR, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Identification and functional validation of rare coding variants in genes linked to monogenic obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1769-1777. [PMID: 39192769 PMCID: PMC11361714 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rare cases of monogenic obesity, which may respond to specific therapeutics, can remain undetected in populations in which polygenic obesity is prevalent. This study examined rare DNA variation in established monogenic obesity genes within a community using whole-exome sequence data from 6803 longitudinally studied individuals. METHODS Exome data across 15 monogenic obesity genes were analyzed for nonsynonymous variants observed in any child with a maximum BMI z score > 2 (N = 279) but not observed in a child with a maximum BMI z score ≤ 0 (n = 1542) or that occurred in adults in the top 5th percentile of BMI (n = 263) but not in adults below the median BMI (n = 2629). Variants were then functionally analyzed using luciferase assays. RESULTS The comparisons between cases of obesity and controls identified eight missense variants in six genes: DYRK1B, KSR2, MC4R, NTRK2, PCSK1, and SIM1. Among these, MC4R p.A303P and p.R165G were previously shown to impair MC4R function. Functional analyses of the remaining six variants suggest that KSR2 p.I402F and p.T193I and NTRK2 p.S249Y alter protein function. CONCLUSIONS In addition to MC4R, rare missense variants in KSR2 and NTRK2 may potentially explain the severe obesity observed for the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Köroğlu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yunhua L. Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha E. Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kim Wiedrich
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laura Vazquez
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cristopher V. Van Hout
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigation sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leslie J. Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Jerjen CP, Kumaran SJ, Liesegang A, Hall E, Wichert B, Haase B. Melanocortin-4 receptor and proopiomelanocortin: Candidate genes for obesity in domestic shorthair cats. Anim Genet 2023; 54:637-642. [PMID: 37365843 DOI: 10.1111/age.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an escalating global health problem affecting both humans and companion animals. In cats it is associated with increased mortality and multiple diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Two genes coding for proteins known to play a critical role in energy homeostasis across species are the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene. A missense variant in the coding sequence of the feline MC4R (MC4R:c.92C>T) has been reported to be associated with diabetes and overweight in domestic shorthair cats, and while variants in the POMC gene are known to cause obesity in humans and dogs, variants in POMC and their association with feline obesity and diabetes mellitus have not been investigated to date. The current study aimed to assess the association between the previously described MC4R variant and body condition score (BCS), as well as body fat content (%BF) in 89 non-diabetic domestic shorthair cats. Furthermore, we investigated the feline POMC gene as a potential candidate gene for obesity. Our results indicate that the MC4R:c.92C>T polymorphism is not associated with BCS or %BF in non-diabetic domestic shorthair cats. The mutation analysis of all POMC exons identified two missense variants, with a variant in exon 1 (c.28G>C; p.G10R) predicted to be damaging. The variant was subsequently assessed in all 89 cats, and cats heterozygous for the variant had a significantly increased body condition score (p = 0.03) compared with cats homozygous for the wild-type allele. Results from our study provide additional evidence that the previously described variant in MC4R is not associated with obesity in domestic shorthair cats. More importantly, we have identified a novel variant in the POMC gene, which might play a role in increased body condition score and body fat content in domestic shorthair cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Jerjen
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S J Kumaran
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Liesegang
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Hall
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Wichert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Haase
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Muller YL, Saporito M, Day S, Bandesh K, Koroglu C, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Hanson RL, Van Hout CV, Shuldiner AR, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Functional characterization of a novel p.Ser76Thr variant in IGFBP4 that associates with body mass index in American Indians. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1159-1166. [PMID: 35688891 PMCID: PMC9554187 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) is involved in adipogenesis, and IGFBP4 null mice have decreased body fat through decreased PPAR-γ expression. In the current study, we assessed whether variation in the IGFBP4 coding region influences body mass index (BMI) in American Indians who are disproportionately affected by obesity. Whole exome sequence data from a population-based sample of 6779 American Indians with longitudinal measures of BMI were used to identify variation in IGFBP4 that associated with BMI. A novel variant that predicts a p.Ser76Thr in IGFBP4 (Thr-allele frequency = 0.02) was identified which associated with the maximum BMI measured during adulthood (BMI 39.8 kg/m2 for Thr-allele homozygotes combined with heterozygotes vs. 36.2 kg/m2 for Ser-allele homozygotes, β = 6.7% per Thr-allele, p = 8.0 × 10-5, adjusted for age, sex, birth-year and the first five genetic principal components) and the maximum age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-score measured during childhood/adolescence (z-score 0.70 SD for Thr-allele heterozygotes vs. 0.32 SD for Ser-allele homozygotes, β = 0.37 SD per Thr-allele, p = 8.8 × 10-6). In vitro functional studies showed that IGFBP4 with the Thr-allele (BMI-increasing) had a 55% decrease (p = 0.0007) in FOXO-induced transcriptional activity, reflecting increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway mediated through increased IGF signaling. Over-expression and knock-down of IGFBP4 in OP9 cells during differentiation showed that IGFBP4 upregulates adipogenesis through PPARγ, CEBPα, AGPAT2 and SREBP1 expression. We propose that this American Indian specific variant in IGFBP4 affects obesity via an increase of IGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Michael Saporito
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Khushdeep Bandesh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cigdem Koroglu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cristopher V Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigation sobre el Genoma Humano, Campus Juriquilla de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Queretaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Rahati S, Qorbani M, Naghavi A, Pishva H. Association and interaction of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol, food intake and eating behaviors in overweight/obese Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:234. [PMID: 36123585 PMCID: PMC9487018 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that obesity is largely influenced by heredity and created by the interactions between several genes and environmental and behavioral factors. This study aimed to examine association between variant rs17782313 near melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene and behavioral and hormonal factors then evaluated interactions between variant MC4R rs17782313 with behavioral and hormonal factors on obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 403 subjects, overweight and/or obesity, aged 20-50 years from Iran. The MC4R rs17782313 data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method. Dietary intake, physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression, appetite and emotional eating were assessed by using validated questionnaires. Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples. Participants were also divided into three groups based on rs17782313 genotype and BMI. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gender, energy intake and PA, significant associations were observed between food intake, appetite, emotional eating, stress and physical activity with MC4R rs17782313 (p ˂0.05). Also, significant interactions were observed between fat intake (p-interaction = 0.002), protein intake (p-interaction = 0.01), energy intake (p-interaction = 0.01), emotional eating (p-interaction = 0.02), appetite (p-interaction = 0.04), stress (p-interaction = 0.04), ghrelin (p-interaction = 0.03), cortisol (p-interaction = 0.04) and physical activity (p-interaction = 0.04) and MC4R rs17782313 in terms of BMI. CONCLUSION Interactions between the CC genotype and high intakes of fat and energy, emotional eating, high appetite, and too much stress with high levels of cortisol and ghrelin probably can have an effect on BMI in overweight/obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahati
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6447, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Anoosh Naghavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute and Department of Genetics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pishva
- Department of Cellular - Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6447, Tehran, Iran.
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Alizadeh S, Pooyan S, Mirzababaei A, Arghavani H, Hasani H, Mirzaei K. Interaction of MC4R rs17782313 variants and dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality on basal metabolic rate and general and central obesity in overweight/obese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:121. [PMID: 35538513 PMCID: PMC9092846 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality as well as genetic variants may contribute to determining the metabolic rate and general and central obesity. This study aimed to examine interactions between melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) rs17782313 and dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) on body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women. METHODS A total of 282 Iranian women (BMI ≥ 25) aged 18-56 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed for blood parameters, body composition, BMR, and dietary intake. Dietary carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL were determined using a valid, reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. MC4R rs17782313 was genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS After adjustment for age and energy intake, significant interactions were observed between carbohydrate intake and MC4R rs17782313 in terms of BMI (P Interaction = 0.007), WC (P Interaction = 0.02), and BMR/kg (P Interaction = 0.003) in this way that higher carbohydrate intake, compared with lower intake, was associated with an increase in BMI and WC for individuals with C allele carriers (TC + CC genotypes), while related to an increase in BMR/kg for those carrying the TT genotype. No significant interaction was found between MC4R rs17782313 and GI and GL on BMI, WC, BMR/kg, and BMR. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between the MC4R rs17782313 and carbohydrate intake probably can have an effect on BMI, WC, and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pooyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Arghavani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hasani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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Mardones L, Parra-Valencia E, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Lasserre-Laso N, Martorell M, Ulloa N, Sanhueza E, Pérez-Bravo F, Celis-Morales C, Villagrán M. The rs483145 polymorphism of MC4R gene is not associated with obesity in the Chilean population: Results of GENADIO study. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:254-261. [PMID: 35570141 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) participates in the control of appetite at the level of the central nervous system, through the leptin-melanocortin pathway. An association between different polymorphisms of the MC4R gene and obesity has been reported. However, there are few studies of the rs483145 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of this gene. OBJECTIVE To investigate its prevalence and association with adiposity markers in Chilean adults. METHODS The prevalence of SNP rs483145, of the MC4R gene, was determined in 259 participants of the GENADIO study (genes, environment, diabetes and obesity) by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association between the risk allele of MC4R (A) and adiposity markers (body weight, body mass index, fat mass percentage, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) was performed by linear regression analysis and adjusted for confusion variables (socio-demographic and physic activity) using three statistical models. RESULTS It was determined that the prevalence of the risk allele (A) of the SNP rs483145 of the MC4R gene is 24.5% in the Chilean adult population included in this study, without finding an association with any of the adiposity markers studied, both in adjusted and unadjusted models. CONCLUSION The presence of the risk allele of SNP rs483145 of the MC4R gene is not associated with adiposity markers in the Chilean adult population studied. New studies with a bigger sample size will be necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mardones
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Esteban Parra-Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas y Pre-Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ana María Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicole Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Ulloa
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Villagrán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Day SE, Traurig M, Kumar P, Piaggi P, Koroglu C, Kobes S, Hanson RL, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Functional variants in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A) are enriched in Southwest American Indian individuals and associate with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:546-552. [PMID: 35043601 PMCID: PMC9304561 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify genetic variants enriched in Southwest American Indian (SWAI) individuals that associate with BMI. METHODS Whole genome sequencing data (n = 296) were used to identify potentially functional variants that are common in SWAI individuals (minor allele frequency ≥10%) but rare in other ethnic groups (minor allele frequency < 0.1%). Enriched variants were tested for association with BMI in 5,870 SWAI individuals. One variant was studied using a luciferase reporter, and haplotypes that included this variant were analyzed for association with various measures of obesity (n = 917-5,870), 24-hour energy expenditure (24-h EE; n = 419), and skeletal muscle biopsy expression data (n = 207). RESULTS A 5' untranslated region variant in cytochrome b5 type A (CYB5A), rs548402150, met the enrichment criteria and associated with increased BMI (β = 2%, p = 0.004). Functionally, rs548402150 decreased luciferase expression by 30% (p = 0.003) and correlated with decreased skeletal muscle CYB5A expression (β = -0.5 SD, p = 0.0008). Combining rs548402150 with two splicing quantitative trait loci in CYB5A identified a haplotype carried almost exclusively in SWAI individuals that associated with increased BMI (β = 3%, p = 0.0003) and decreased CYB5A expression, whereas the most common haplotype in all ethnic groups associated with lower BMI and percentage of body fatness, increased 24-h EE, and increased CYB5A expression. CONCLUSIONS Further studies on the effects of CYB5A on 24-h EE and BMI may provide insights into obesity-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Day
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Michael Traurig
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Cigdem Koroglu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Leslie J. Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
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Moazzam-Jazi M, Sadat Zahedi A, Akbarzadeh M, Azizi F, Daneshpour MS. Diverse effect of MC4R risk alleles on obesity-related traits over a lifetime: Evidence from a well-designed cohort study. Gene 2022; 807:145950. [PMID: 34481003 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This population-based longitudinal study is the first investigation that assesses the association of common MC4R SNPs with the obesity-related parameters over time and determines the effect of risk alleles during the three adulthood life periods (early, middle, and late) in a large Iranian cohort, a population with a unique genetic make-up that has been understudied and relatively unexplored. We obtained the genotype of 5370 unrelated adults who participated in the ongoing Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS) cohort project for the common MC4R SNPs. Linear regression and linear mixed model analyses were performed to examine the effect of MC4R polymorphisms on maximum BMI and other obesity-related factors over time. We recognized that several SNPs associated with the maximum BMI and the increased BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio across Iranian adults over a lifetime. Interestingly, we found that rs9954571-A has a yet unreported protective role against obesity-related factors, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and triglyceride level. Additionally, a survey of the impact of the MC4R risk score throughout the adulthood life periods indicated that the MC4R risk score is influenced both the elevated BMI and waist circumference only during the early adulthood period. Our findings can expand our knowledge about the MC4R genetic variant's contributions to adulthood obesity and highlight the importance of evaluating the genetic components affecting obesity over a lifetime, which could be considered for obesity clinical screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular, and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Adamska-Patruno E, Bauer W, Bielska D, Fiedorczuk J, Moroz M, Krasowska U, Czajkowski P, Wielogorska M, Maliszewska K, Puckowska S, Szczerbinski L, Lipinska D, Gorska M, Kretowski A. An Association between Diet and MC4R Genetic Polymorphism, in Relation to Obesity and Metabolic Parameters-A Cross Sectional Population-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112044. [PMID: 34769477 PMCID: PMC8584592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene harbours one of the strongest susceptibility loci for obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences. We analysed whether dietary factors may attenuate the associations between MC4R genotypes and obesity and metabolic parameters. In 819 participants genotyped for common MC4R polymorphisms (rs17782313, rs12970134, rs633265, and rs135034), the anthropometric measurements, body fat content and distribution (visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, VAT and SAT, respectively), and blood glucose, insulin, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentrations, and daily macronutrient intake were assessed. ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used, and multivariate linear regression models were developed. We observed that the CC genotype carriers (rs17782313) presented higher VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations when they were stratified to the upper quantiles of protein intake. An increase in energy derived from proteins was associated with higher BMI (Est. 5.74, R2 = 0.12), body fat content (Est. 8.44, R2 = 0.82), VAT (Est. 32.59, R2 = 0.06), and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.96, R2 = 0.05). The AA genotype carriers (rs12970134) presented higher BMI, body fat, SAT and VAT, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations. An increase in energy derived from proteins by AA carriers was associated with higher VAT (Est.19.95, R2 = 0.06) and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.64, R2 = 0.05). Our findings suggest that associations of the common MC4R SNPs with obesity and its metabolic complications may be dependent on the daily dietary intake, which may open new areas for developing personalised diets for preventing and treating obesity and obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Dorota Bielska
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I 4b, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Fiedorczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Monika Moroz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Urszula Krasowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Wielogorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Sylwia Puckowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Danuta Lipinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (W.B.); (U.K.); (P.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (J.F.); (M.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.W.); (K.M.); (D.L.); (M.G.)
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Mardones L, Parra-Valencia E, Petermann-Rocha F, Martínez-Sanguinetti MA, Leiva-Ordoñez AM, Lasserre-Laso N, Martorell M, Ulloa N, Sanhueza E, Pérez-Bravo F, Celis-Morales C, Villagrán M. The rs483145 polymorphism of MC4R gene is not associated with obesity in the Chilean population: Results of GENADIO study. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 69:S2530-0164(21)00156-7. [PMID: 34340956 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) participates in the control of appetite at the level of the central nervous system, through the leptin-melanocortin pathway. An association between different polymorphisms of the MC4R gene and obesity has been reported. However, there are few studies of the rs483145 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of this gene. OBJECTIVE To investigate its prevalence and association with adiposity markers in Chilean adults. METHODS The prevalence of SNP rs483145, of the MC4R gene, was determined in 259 participants of the GENADIO study (genes, environment, diabetes and obesity) by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association between the risk allele of MC4R (A) and adiposity markers (body weight, body mass index, fat mass percentage, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) was performed by linear regression analysis and adjusted for confusion variables (socio-demographic and physic activity) using three statistical models. RESULTS It was determined that the prevalence of the risk allele (A) of the SNP rs483145 of the MC4R gene is 24.5% in the Chilean adult population included in this study, without finding an association with any of the adiposity markers studied, both in adjusted and unadjusted models. CONCLUSION The presence of the risk allele of SNP rs483145 of the MC4R gene is not associated with adiposity markers in the Chilean adult population studied. New studies with a bigger sample size will be necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mardones
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Esteban Parra-Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas y Pre-Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ana María Leiva-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicole Lasserre-Laso
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Ulloa
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez-Bravo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio (CIFE), Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Villagrán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Szkup M, Owczarek AJ, Schneider-Matyka D, Brodowski J, Łój B, Grochans E. Associations between the components of metabolic syndrome and the polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ( PPAR-γ), the fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO), and the melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R) genes. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:72-82. [PMID: 29315078 PMCID: PMC5811243 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a set of abnormalities, increasing the risk of serious functioning disorders. It can develop as a result of genetic predisposition. AIM The aim of this study was to establish associations between MetS-related abnormalities and the PPAR-γ rs1801282, FTO rs9939609, and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 425 women aged 45-60 years. The participants were surveyed and subjected to anthropometric, biochemical and genetic analysis. RESULTS In the recessive inheritance model for the FTO polymorphism, a statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between the A/A genotype and glycemia. The results obtained in the codominant and overdominant models for the PPAR-y polymorphism showed a tendency to statistical significance (the C/G genotype inclined to hypertriglyceridemia), and were statistically significant in the codominant, dominant, and recessive models (the C/C genotype predisposed to increased blood pressure). CONCLUSIONS 1. MetS-related abnormalities can be genetically determined, however only some of these relationships can be demonstrated due to the categorical division of symptoms according to the IDF criteria from 2009. 2. The A/A genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism increases the risk of hyperglycemia, and the C/C genotype of the PPAR-γ rs1801282 variant entails elevated blood pressure in 45-60-year-old women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
| | - Daria Schneider-Matyka
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
| | - Jacek Brodowski
- Primary Care Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
| | - Beata Łój
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Sana HANSE-Klinikum Wismar GmbH, Wismar, 23966, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, 71-210, Poland
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12
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Muller YL, Hanson RL, Piaggi P, Chen P, Wiessner G, Okani C, Skelton G, Kobes S, Hsueh WC, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. Assessing the Role of 98 Established Loci for BMI in American Indians. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:845-854. [PMID: 30887699 PMCID: PMC6478540 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in Europeans have identified > 98 loci for BMI. Transferability of these established associations in Pima Indians was analyzed. METHODS Among 98 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 82 had minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01 in Pima Indians and were analyzed for association with the maximum BMI in adulthood (n = 3,491) and BMI z score in childhood (n = 1,958). Common tag SNPs across 98 loci were also analyzed for additional signals. RESULTS Among the lead SNPs, 13 (TMEM18, TCF7L2, MRPS33P4, PRKD1, ZFP64, FTO, TAL1, CALCR, GNPDA2, CREB1, LMX1B, ADCY9, NLRC3) were associated with BMI (P ≤ 0.05) in Pima adults. A multi-allelic genetic risk score (GRS), which summed the risk alleles for 82 lead SNPs, showed a significant trend for a positive relationship between GRS and BMI in adulthood (beta = 0.48% per risk allele; P = 1.6 × 10-9 ) and BMI z score in childhood (beta = 0.024 SD; P = 1.7 × 10-7 ). GRS was significantly associated with BMI across all age groups ≥ 5 years, except for those ≥ 50 years. The strongest association was seen in adolescence (age 14-16 years; P = 1.84 × 10-9 ). CONCLUSIONS In aggregate, European-derived lead SNPs had a notable effect on BMI in Pima Indians. Polygenic obesity in this population manifests strongly in childhood and adolescence and persists throughout much of adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gregory Wiessner
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Chidinma Okani
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Graham Skelton
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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13
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Adamska-Patruno E, Goscik J, Czajkowski P, Maliszewska K, Ciborowski M, Golonko A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Citko A, Waszczeniuk M, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2929-2941. [PMID: 30945034 PMCID: PMC6768895 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The interactions between lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in obesity development. Mutations in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene are one of the most common cause of monogenic obesity, however, the functional effects of polymorphic variants near MC4R gene in general populations remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyze whether the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene influence the food preferences, physical activity, body fat content and distribution, as well as fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrates utilization. Methods We genotyped previously identified MC4R SNPs: rs17782313, rs633265, rs1350341, rs12970134 in 927 subjects, who underwent anthropometric, total body fat content, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, and daily physical activity and dietary intake analysis. In randomly selected 47 subjects the energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid utilizations were evaluated in fasting state and after high-carbohydrate and control meals intake. Results We found the significant associations between studied SNPs of MC4R gene and VAT and VAT/SAT ratio. Moreover, the GG genotype carriers of rs1350341, who had the lowest VAT accumulation (p = 0.012), presented higher relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization (p = 0.013, p = 0.024). Conclusions We have observed that common SNPs of the MC4R gene influence the body fat content and distribution, as well as relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization. We believe that our study may help to understand better the impact of MC4R gene on obesity development, and to help to provide personalized prevention/treatment strategies to fight against obesity and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Golonko
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Waszczeniuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
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14
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Tang Y, Jin B, Zhou L, Lu W. MeQTL analysis of childhood obesity links epigenetics with a risk SNP rs17782313 near MC4R from meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2800-2806. [PMID: 27926527 PMCID: PMC5356842 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier GWAS has identified that rs17782313 near MC4R was associated with obesity. However, subsequent studies showed conflicting results, especially among childhood. Besides, the mechanisms underlying the association between rs17782313 and childhood obesity remain largely unexplored, and genetic and epigenetic may interact and together affect the development of childhood obesity. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the association between rs17782313 and childhood obesity. MeQTL and eQTL analysis was applied to explore the effect of rs17782313 on DNA methylation and MC4R expression. We found that rs17782313 near MC4R was associated with increased childhood obesity risk and BMI z-score in several inheritable models (P < 0.05). Additionally, the similar trend was observed among subgroups of Asians, Caucasian. Furthermore, meQTL and eQTL analysis indicated that individuals carrying rs17782313 TT genotype were significantly associated with increased methylation level of cg10097150 located in MC4R promoter and decreased expression of MC4R than those with CT/CC genotype (P = 1.7 × 10−4 and P = 1.9 × 10−3 respectively). Our results strongly confirmed that rs17782313 was associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. Furthermore, rs17782313 T allele was correlated with promoter hypermethylation and decreased expression of MC4R, thus involved in the development of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Lu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unite, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Piaggi P, Masindova I, Muller YL, Mercader J, Wiessner GB, Chen P, Kobes S, Hsueh WC, Mongalo M, Knowler WC, Krakoff J, Hanson RL, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. A Genome-Wide Association Study Using a Custom Genotyping Array Identifies Variants in GPR158 Associated With Reduced Energy Expenditure in American Indians. Diabetes 2017; 66:2284-2295. [PMID: 28476931 PMCID: PMC5521859 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pima Indians living in Arizona have a high prevalence of obesity, and we have previously shown that a relatively lower energy expenditure (EE) predicts weight and fat mass gain in this population. EE is a familial trait (heritability = 0.52); therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify genetic variants that affect EE and thereby influence BMI and body fatness in Pima Indians. Genotypic data from 491,265 variants were analyzed for association with resting metabolic rate (RMR) and 24-h EE assessed in a whole-room calorimeter in 507 and 419 Pima Indians, respectively. Variants associated with both measures of EE were analyzed for association with maximum BMI and percent body fat (PFAT) in 5,870 and 912 Pima Indians, respectively. rs11014566 nominally associated with both measures of EE and both measures of adiposity in Pima Indians, where the G allele (frequency: Pima Indians = 0.60, Europeans <0.01) associated with lower 24-h EE (β = -33 kcal/day per copy), lower RMR (β = -31 kcal/day), higher BMI (β = +0.6 kg/m2), and higher PFAT (β = +0.9%). However, the association of rs11014566 with BMI did not directionally replicate when assessed in other ethnic groups. rs11014566 tags rs144895904, which affected promoter function in an in vitro luciferase assay. These variants map to GPR158, which is highly expressed in the brain and interacts with two other genes (RGS7 and CACNA1B) known to affect obesity in knockout mice. Our results suggest that common ethnic-specific variation in GPR158 may influence EE; however, its role in weight gain remains controversial, as it either had no association with BMI or associated with BMI but in the opposite direction in other ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
- Obesity Research Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivica Masindova
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yunhua L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Josep Mercader
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gregory B Wiessner
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Peng Chen
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Milliejoan Mongalo
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
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Manco L, Muc M, Padez C. Association study between near-MC4R variants and obesity-related variables in Portuguese young adults. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Park S, Daily JW, Zhang X, Jin HS, Lee HJ, Lee YH. Interactions with the MC4R rs17782313 variant, mental stress and energy intake and the risk of obesity in Genome Epidemiology Study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:38. [PMID: 27213003 PMCID: PMC4875620 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates metabolism by modulating eating behavior and MC4R variants (rs17782313 and rs571312) are associated with obesity in Asians and Caucasians. However, the impact of their interactions with nutritional and lifestyle factors on obesity are poorly described. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of MC4R variants and dietary patterns on the risk of obesity in Korean middle-aged adults. Methods Data collected included, genetic variations, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, dietary and lifestyle habits, and food intake. Data were obtained from the 8830 adults aged 40–69 years in the Ansung and Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Results The MC4R rs18882313 minor allele had a higher frequency in the obese group (P < 0.01). MC4R genotypes were not associated with differences in daily energy and macronutrient intakes. However, the intakes of processed foods and fat (as percentages of energy) were significantly higher and intake of fruits were significantly lower in subjects with MC4R minor alleles (P < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a positive interaction between MC4R variants and mental stress levels that were associated with the risk of obesity after adjusting for age, gender, residence area, daily energy intake, smoking status and physical activity (interaction P = 0.0384). Only in subjects with high stress were MC4R minor alleles associated with higher BMIs after adjusting for confounders. The association was present without modulating energy and nutrient intake. In the group with energy intakes higher than estimated energy requirement (EER), subjects with MC4R minor alleles had higher BMIs than those with the major alleles (P < 0.001). Conclusions The interactions of mental stress and energy intakes with the MC4R minor allele genotype might be associated with increased risk of obesity in Korean adults. This research might identify subjects with a specific MC4R minor alleles as a human subset of people with a low metabolic tolerance for excessive energy intake, especially when under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, Chung Nam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - James W Daily
- Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, NC USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, Chung Nam-Do 336-795 South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hye Ja Lee
- Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Lee
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Lemche E, Chaban OS, Lemche AV. Neuroendocrinological and Epigenetic Mechanisms Subserving Autonomic Imbalance and HPA Dysfunction in the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:142. [PMID: 27147943 PMCID: PMC4830841 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of environmental stress upon pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been substantiated by epidemiological, psychophysiological, and endocrinological studies. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of causative roles of nutritional factors, sympathomedullo-adrenal (SMA) and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axes, and adipose tissue chronic low-grade inflammation processes in MetS. Disturbances in the neuroendocrine systems for leptin, melanocortin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein systems have been found resulting directly in MetS-like conditions. The review identifies candidate risk genes from factors shown critical for the functioning of each of these neuroendocrine signaling cascades. In its meta-analytic part, recent studies in epigenetic modification (histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination) and posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs are evaluated. Several studies suggest modification mechanisms of early life stress (ELS) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) programming in the hypothalamic regions with populations of POMC-expressing neurons. Epigenetic modifications were found in cortisol (here HSD11B1 expression), melanocortin, leptin, NPY, and adiponectin genes. With respect to adiposity genes, epigenetic modifications were documented for fat mass gene cluster APOA1/C3/A4/A5, and the lipolysis gene LIPE. With regard to inflammatory, immune and subcellular metabolism, PPARG, NKBF1, TNFA, TCF7C2, and those genes expressing cytochrome P450 family enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and in hepatic lipoproteins were documented for epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London, UK
| | - Oleg S Chaban
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra V Lemche
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Clinical Research Berlin, Germany
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Hohenadel MG, Baier LJ, Piaggi P, Muller YL, Hanson RL, Krakoff J, Thearle MS. The impact of genetic variants on BMI increase during childhood versus adulthood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1301-9. [PMID: 27076275 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants that predispose individuals to obesity may have differing influences during childhood versus adulthood, and additive effects of such variants are likely to occur. Our ongoing studies to identify genetic determinants of obesity in American Indians have identified 67 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that reproducibly associate with maximum lifetime non-diabetic body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to identify when, during the lifetime, these variants have their greatest impact on BMI increase. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 5906 Native Americans of predominantly Pima Indian heritage with repeated measures of BMI between the ages of 5 and 45 years were included in this study. The association between each SNP with the rates of BMI increase during childhood (5-19 years) and adulthood (20-45 years) were assessed separately. The significant SNPs were used to calculate a cumulative allelic risk score (ARS) for childhood and adulthood, respectively, to assess the additive effect of these variants within each period of life. RESULTS The majority of these SNPs (36 of 67) were associated with rate of BMI increase during childhood (P-value range: 0.00004-0.05), whereas only nine SNPs were associated with rate of BMI change during adulthood (P-value range: 0.002-0.02). These 36 SNPs associated with childhood BMI gain likely had a cumulative effect as a higher childhood-ARS associated with rate of BMI change (β=0.032 kg m(-2) per year per risk allele, 95% confidence interval: 0.027-0.036, P<0.0001), such that at age 19 years, individuals with the highest number of risk alleles had a BMI of 10.2 kg m(-2) greater than subjects with the lowest number of risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicates that genetic polymorphisms associated with lifetime BMI may influence the rate of BMI increase during different periods in the life course. The majority of these polymorphisms have a larger impact on BMI during childhood, providing further evidence that prevention of obesity will need to begin early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hohenadel
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - L J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - P Piaggi
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Y L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - R L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M S Thearle
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Abstract
This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiology of binge eating disorder (BED), highlighting the medical history of this disorder and its entry as an independent condition in the Feeding and Eating Disorders section of the recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Estimates of prevalence are provided, as well as recognition that the female to male ratio is lower in BED than in other eating disorders. Evidence is also provided of the most common comorbidities of BED, including mood and anxiety disorders and a range of addiction disorders. In addition, discussion of the viewpoint that BED itself may be an addiction - at least in severe cases - is presented. Although the genetic study of BED is still in its infancy, current research is reviewed with a focus on certain neurotransmitter genes that regulate brain reward mechanisms. To date, a focal point of this research has been on the dopamine and the μ-opioid receptor genes. Preliminary evidence suggests that a predisposing risk factor for BED may be a heightened sensitivity to reward, which could manifest as a strong dopamine signal in the brain's striatal region. Caution is encouraged, however, in the interpretation of current findings, since samples are relatively small in much of the research. To date, no genome-wide association studies have focused exclusively on BED.
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Yracheta JM, Lanaspa MA, Le MT, Abdelmalak MF, Alfonso J, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. Diabetes and Kidney Disease in American Indians: Potential Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:813-23. [PMID: 26046414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 20th century, a marked increase in obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease has occurred in the American Indian population, especially the Pima Indians of the Southwest. Here, we review the current epidemic and attempt to identify remediable causes. A search was performed using PubMed and the search terms American Indian and obesity, American Indian and diabetes, American Indian and chronic kidney disease, and American Indian and sugar or fructose, Native American, Alaska Native, First Nations, Aboriginal, Amerind, and Amerindian for American Indian for articles linking American Indians with diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and sugar; additional references were identified in these publications traced to 1900 and articles were reviewed if they were directly discussing these topics. Multiple factors are involved in the increased risk for diabetes and kidney disease in the American Indian population, including poverty, overnutrition, poor health care, high intake of sugar, and genetic mechanisms. Genetic factors may be especially important in the Pima, as historical records suggest that this group was predisposed to obesity before exposure to Western culture and diet. Exposure to sugar-sweetened beverages may also be involved in the increased risk for chronic kidney disease. In these small populations in severe health crisis, we recommend further studies to investigate the role of excess added sugar, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, as a potentially remediable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Yracheta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
| | - MyPhuong T Le
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
| | - Manal F Abdelmalak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Javier Alfonso
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO; Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology and Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO; Colorado Research Partners LLC, Aurora, CO
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