1
|
Anelli V, Gatta E, Pirola I, Delbarba A, Rotondi M, Cappelli C. Thyroid impairment and male fertility: a narrative review of literature. Aging Male 2024; 27:2310303. [PMID: 38347677 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2310303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on male fertility, focusing on hypo- and hyperthyroidism. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Original studies in English published online up to 31 May 2023 were selected and reviewed. The final reference list was defined based on the relevance of each paper to the scope of this review. RESULTS The available data in animals (31 studies) and human (26 studies) showed conflicting results. However, thyroid dysfunction altered erection and ejaculation both in animal models than in men. CONCLUSION Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism seem to cause ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hence, Guidelines recommend against the systematic screening for thyroid disorders in the men in sub-fertile couples, but only in men with ejaculation and erectile dysfunction and/or altered semen parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Anelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Gatta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pirola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Endocrinologia, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morenas R, Singh D, Hellstrom WJG. Thyroid disorders and male sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:333-338. [PMID: 37752332 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Though early research suggested that thyroid hormones were not involved with the testes, male spermatogenesis, or erectile function, investigations on this topic over the past few decades have increased and shed new light. A literature review of studies conducted between 1963 and 2022 regarding male sexual dysfunction (SD) and thyroid disorders was performed to define the diagnostic consideration, pathophysiology, and management of SD secondary to thyroid dysregulation. This article provides evidence and interpretation of prior clinical and preclinical studies and contextualizes these studies for clinical practice. Clinical manifestations of SDs included erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction, impaired spermatogenesis, and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our aim of this communication was to perform a literature review detailing the impact of thyroid disorders on male SD. We hope to provide a framework for practicing urologists, endocrinologists, or general practitioners when evaluating patients with concurrent thyroid and male SD. It is important to recognize that thyroid disorders can be an important part of the pathophysiology of male SD in patients. Future research studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Morenas
- Department of Urology, Section of Andrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Danish Singh
- Department of Urology, Section of Andrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Section of Andrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kowalcze K, Krysiak R, Obuchowicz A. The Impact of Maternal Hypothyroidism during Pregnancy on Minipuberty in Boys. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7649. [PMID: 38137718 PMCID: PMC10744195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Minipuberty is a period of increased reproductive axis activity in infancy, which seems to be implicated in the postnatal development of male genital organs. Impaired thyroid function during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy modulates the course of male minipuberty. We compared three matched groups of male infants: sons of women with hypothyroidism uncontrolled or poorly controlled during pregnancy (group A), male offspring of women treated over the entire pregnancy with adequate doses of levothyroxine (group B), and sons born to women with no evidence of thyroid disease (group C). Salivary levels of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as urine concentrations of FSH and LH, were assessed once a month in the first 6 months of life, and once every two months between months 6 and 12. Gonadotropin and testosterone levels during the first 6 months of life were lower in group A than in groups B and C. Differences in testosterone and gonadotropin levels were accompanied by similar differences in penile length and testicular volume. Concentrations of the remaining hormones did not differ between the study groups. The obtained results suggest that untreated or undertreated maternal thyroid hypofunction in pregnancy has an inhibitory effect on postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and genital organ development in their male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Obuchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Lu H, Du J, Zhang L, Wei J, Huang Q, Wu S, Zhou X, Ren L. Effects of exposure to PM 2.5 during pregnancy on the multigenerational reproductive outcomes of male mouse offspring and the role of Sertoli cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103823-103835. [PMID: 37697192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of studies on the multigenerational reproductive toxicity of fine particle matter (PM2.5) exposure during pregnancy on male offspring and the underlying mechanisms. This study explored the effects of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on the spermatogenesis of three consecutive generations of male mouse offspring. We randomized pregnant C57BL/6 mice into the control group, the Quartz Fiber Membrane control group, and two experimental groups exposed to different concentrations of PM2.5 (4.8 and 43.2 mg/kg B.Wt.). Pregnant mice from experimental groups received intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 of different doses on a three-day basis until birth. F1 mature male offspring from PM2.5-exposed pregnant mice were mated with normal female C57BL/6 mice. Likewise, their F2 mature male followed the same to produce the F3 generation. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy led to decreased body and tail length, body weight, and survival rates, decreased sperm concentration and sperm motility, and increased sperm abnormality rates significantly in F1 male offspring. We barely observed significant impacts of PM2.5 on the birth number, survival rates, and index of testes in the F2 and F3 offspring. Further exploration showed that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy caused the morphological abnormality of Sertoli cells, downregulated androgen receptor (AR) and connexin43, upregulated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone (T), and increased triiodothyronine (T3) in F1 male mouse offspring. Overall, we hypothesize that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy mainly negatively impacts spermatogenesis in the F1 offspring. The possible mechanism could be that PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy disrupts endocrine hormone release in the F1 generation, thereby influencing the maturation and proliferation of their Sertoli cells and hindering spermatogenesis. This study for the first time investigates the role of Sertoli cells in the reproductive toxicity of PM2.5 on offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiwei Du
- Nursing Department, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518040, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yan Tai, 264003, China
| | - Jialiu Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Qifang Huang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neonatal corticosterone administration increases p27-positive Sertoli cell number and decreases Sertoli cell number in the testes of mice at prepuberty. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19402. [PMID: 36371473 PMCID: PMC9653474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol and corticosterone (CORT) are steroid, antistress hormones and one of the glucocorticoids in humans and animals, respectively. This study evaluated the effects of CORT administration on the male reproductive system in early life stages. CORT was subcutaneously injected at 0.36 (low-), 3.6 (middle-), and 36 (high-dosed) mg/kg body weight from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 10 in ICR mice. We observed a dose-dependent increase in serum CORT levels on PND 10, and serum testosterone levels were significantly increased only in high-dosed-CORT mice. Triiodothyronine levels were significantly higher in the low-dosed mice but lower in the middle- and high-dosed mice. However, testicular weights did not change significantly among the mice. Sertoli cell numbers were significantly reduced in low- and middle-dosed mice, whereas p27-positive Sertoli cell numbers increased in low- and middle-dosed mice. On PND 16, significant increases in testicular and relative testicular weights were observed in all-dosed-CORT mice. On PND 70, a significant decrease in testicular weight, Sertoli cell number, and spermatozoa count was observed. These results revealed that increased serum CORT levels in early life stages could induce p27 expression in Sertoli cells and terminate Sertoli cell proliferation, leading to decreased Sertoli cell number in mouse testes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Reh B, Wang X, Feng Y, Bhandari RK. Potassium perchlorate effects on primordial germ cells of developing medaka larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106283. [PMID: 36063761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a chemical compound commonly used in military artillery and equipment. It has been detected in drinking water, air, soil, and breast milk. Exposure of humans to perchlorate can occur in the theater of war and areas adjacent to military training grounds. A high concentration of perchlorate has been found to affect reproduction in vertebrates, including fish. However, whether environmental concentrations of perchlorate can affect primordial germ cells (PGCs), the founders of sperm and eggs, is not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L potassium perchlorate exposure on the embryonic development of medaka and their PGCs. Perchlorate exposure delayed hatching time, reduced heartbeat, inhibited migration of PGCs, and increased developmental deformities in the larvae. The 10 and 20 mg/L concentrations of perchlorate were lethal to embryos, whereas vitamin C co-treatment (1 mg/L) completely blocked perchlorate-induced mortality. RNA-seq analysis of isolated PGCs showed a non-linear pattern in expression profiles of differentially altered genes. Significantly upregulated genes were found in PGCs from the 10 and 1000 μg/L groups, whereas the 100 μg/L groups showed the highest number of significantly downregulated genes. Gene ontology analysis predicted differentially expressed genes to be involved in proteolysis, metabolic processes, peptides activity, hydrolase activity, and hormone activity. Among the cellular components, extracellular, intracellular, sarcoplasmic, and 6-phosphofructokinase and membrane-bounded processes were affected. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of PGC transcriptomes revealed thyroid hormone signaling to be affected by all concentrations of perchlorate. The present results suggested that perchlorate affected the development of medaka larvae and vitamin C was able to ameliorate perchlorate-induced embryo mortality. Additionally, perchlorate altered the global transcriptional network in PGCs in a non-linear fashion suggesting its potential effects on developing germ cells and fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beh Reh
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yashi Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Ramji K Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elaidy SM, Tawfik MM, Ameen AM, Hassan WA, El Sherif I, Amin MK, Elkholy SE. Metformin alleviates the dysregulated testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis induced by carbimazole in levothyroxine-primed rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120904. [PMID: 36029850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the published experiments about carbimazole (CMZ)-induced testicular injury are constructed in normal healthy animals, which lakes the translational identification. Despite metformin (MET) having advantageous effects on injured testicles, its impact on thyroid function is arguable. In the current levothyroxine (LT4)/CMZ model, Wistar rats were primed by LT4 for sixty days. CMZ was then given individually or simultaneously with different doses of MET, 100, 200, and 400 mg, daily for thirty days. Serum was assessed for thyroid profile panel, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. Testicular tissues were examined for steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Histopathology of thyroid and testes were examined, besides thyroidal nuclear factor (NF)-kB expression. MET in a dose-response manner improved the LT4/CMZ-induced testicular toxicity by increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) activities, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), sperm count and motility, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. MET-400 mg markedly decreased the elevated NF-kB expressions, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, caspase-3, and BAX, and increased BCL-2. LT4/CMZ could be used as translational animal modelling. MET displayed a dose-dependent ameliorative effect on the LT4/CMZ model without significant harmful effects on thyroid functions. MET-testicular protective roles in diabetics with thyroidal diseases should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Angie M Ameen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdou Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Suliman Al Rajhi University, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman El Sherif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Karem Amin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shereen E Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Portsaid University, Portsaid, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodrigues MS, Tovo-Neto A, Rosa IF, Doretto LB, Fallah HP, Habibi HR, Nóbrega RH. Thyroid Hormones Deficiency Impairs Male Germ Cell Development: A Cross Talk Between Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid, and—Gonadal Axes in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865948. [PMID: 35646887 PMCID: PMC9133415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, thyroid hormones are critical players in controlling different physiological processes such as development, growth, metabolism among others. There is evidence in mammals that thyroid hormones are also an important component of the hormonal system that controls reproduction, although studies in fish remain poorly investigated. Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the effects of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on the testicular function in adult zebrafish. Treatment of fish with methimazole, in vivo, significantly altered zebrafish spermatogenesis by inhibiting cell differentiation and meiosis, as well as decreasing the relative number of spermatozoa. The observed impairment of spermatogenesis by methimazole was correlated with significant changes in transcript levels for several genes implicated in the control of reproduction. Using an in vitro approach, we also demonstrated that in addition to affecting the components of the brain-pituitary-peripheral axis, T3 (triiodothyronine) also exerts direct action on the testis. These results reinforce the hypothesis that thyroid hormones are an essential element of multifactorial control of reproduction and testicular function in zebrafish and possibly other vertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira S. Rodrigues
- Aquaculture Program (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tovo-Neto
- Aquaculture Program (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ivana F. Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas B. Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Hamideh P. Fallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hamid R. Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rafael H. Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rafael H. Nóbrega,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kakoulidis I, Ilias I, Stergiotis S, Togias S, Michou A, Lekkou A, Mastrodimou V, Pappa A, Milionis C, Venaki E, Koukkou E. Study on the Interaction between Serum Thyrotropin and Semen Parameters in Men. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10020022. [PMID: 35466230 PMCID: PMC9036276 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of thyroid function on semen parameters has been studied in pathological conditions in small studies. With this research work, we aimed to study thyroid hormone effects on semen parameters in 130 men who were evaluated for couple subfertility. Our study was cross-sectional. We noted semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, testosterone levels and thyrotropin (TSH) levels. The analysis included ordinary least squares regression (OLS-R), quantile regression (QR) and segmented line regression (SR). Using OLS-R, a weak negative correlation was found between the logTSH levels and semen volume (r = −0.16, r2 = 0.03, p = 0.05). In Q-R, each incremental unit increase in logTSH decreased the mean semen volume between −0.78 ± 0.44 and −1.33 ± 0.34 mL (40–60th response quantile) and between −1.19 ± 0.71 and −0.61 ± 0.31 mL (70–90th response quantile) (p = 0.049). With SR, a biphasic relationship of sperm concentration with TSH was noted (positive turning to negative, peaking at TSH = 1.22 μIU/mL). Thus, a weak negative association between the TSH levels and semen volume was noted, showing a trough within the usual normal range for TSH. Moreover, a biphasic relationship between the sperm concentration and TSH was also noted, peaking at approximately mid-normal TSH levels. Based on our results, TSH explained slightly less than 3% of the variation in semen volume and 7% of the sperm concentration (thus, other factors, which were not studied here, have a more important effect on it).
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The male reproductive system consists of testes, a series of ducts connecting the testes to the external urethral orifice, accessory sex glands, and the penis. Spermatogonial stem cells differentiate and mature in testes and epididymides, and spermatozoa are ejaculated with exocrine fluids secreted by accessory sex glands. Many studies have clarified the detailed structure and function of the male reproductive system, and have shown that various biologic controls, including genomics, epigenetics, and the neuroendocrine-immune system regulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of germ cells. In other words (1) genetic deletion or abnormalities, (2) aberration of DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as small RNA dysfunction, and (3) neuroendocrine-immune disorders are involved in functional failure of the male reproductive system. In this article, we review these three factors for germ cell microcircumstance, especially focused on the immunoendocrine environment. In particular, the relation between factors protecting germ cells with strong auto-immunogenicity and opposite factors compromising this protection are discussed. Reductions in sperm count, concentration, and semen quality are serious problems in developed countries, although the causes are complex and remain unclear. The accumulation of basic knowledge regarding the structure, function, and regulation of the male reproductive system under various experimental conditions will be important to resolve these problems.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ibrahim SH. Impact of Quercus infectoria Galls Extract on Thyroid Gland and Testicular Functions in Diabetic Rats. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v45i2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be accompanied by thyroid and testicular dysfunctions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Quercus infectoria galls (QIg) extract on the thyroid gland and testicular functions in diabetic rats. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, consisting of normal control, diabetic untreated control, diabetic treated with oral administration of 500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively for 15 days. Serum blood glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), testosterone (T), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized for histopathological analysis of thyroid gland and testis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the thyroid gland of rats. The significant increase in serum blood glucose level in diabetic rats (DC) was markedly decreased by treatment with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW) almost to the normal level. The reduced thyroid hormones, both the T3 and T4 were significantly recovered after 15 days of treatment with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW). Whereas serum concentration of testosterone was significantly reduced in diabetic rats with QIg extract (500 mg and 100 mg/kg BW) treatment. Histopathological analysis of diabetic rats showed a wide range of morphological alterations in thyroid gland and testicular structures, which were almost completely, restored back to normal by treatment of rats with QIg extract. Furthermore, results showed overexpression of TTF-1 in the thyroid gland of diabetic rats, which was recovered back to normal expression after 15 days of treatment with QIg extract. These findings may provide new insights into the potential role of QIg extract as a promising therapeutic agent against diabetic complications in thyroid gland and testicular functions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Ng L, Forrest D. Thyroid Hormone Deiodinases: Dynamic Switches in Developmental Transitions. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab091. [PMID: 33963379 PMCID: PMC8248586 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones exert pleiotropic, essential actions in mammalian, including human, development. These actions depend on provision of thyroid hormones in the circulation but also to a remarkable extent on deiodinase enzymes in target tissues that amplify or deplete the local concentration of the primary active form of the hormone T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine), the high affinity ligand for thyroid hormone receptors. Genetic analyses in mice have revealed key roles for activating (DIO2) and inactivating (DIO3) deiodinases in cell differentiation fates and tissue maturation, ultimately promoting neonatal viability, growth, fertility, brain development, and behavior, as well as metabolic, endocrine, and sensory functions. An emerging paradigm is how the opposing activities of DIO2 and DIO3 are coordinated, providing a dynamic switch that controls the developmental timing of a tissue response, often during neonatal and maturational transitions. A second paradigm is how cell to cell communication within a tissue determines the response to T3. Deiodinases in specific cell types, often strategically located near to blood vessels that convey thyroid hormones into the tissue, can regulate neighboring cell types, suggesting a paracrine-like layer of control of T3 action. We discuss deiodinases as switches for developmental transitions and their potential to influence tissue dysfunction in human thyroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Health, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Lily Ng
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miyaso H, Takano K, Nagahori K, Kawata S, Li ZL, Kuramasu M, Wu X, Ogawa Y, Itoh M. Neonatal maternal separation increases the number of p27-positive Sertoli cells in prepuberty. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:56-66. [PMID: 33845160 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) is an experimental model for early life stress, which affects the growth and development of various organs, resulting in adverse health effects in humans and animals. In our previous study, we demonstrated that NMS [(0.5-, 1-, 2-h/day NMS, from postnatal day (PND) 1-10] induced morphological changes to the male reproductive system, including decreased Sertoli cell numbers in mouse testes at PND 70. To clarify the mechanism by which NMS decreases Sertoli cell numbers, we evaluated the effects of NMS on mouse testes at PNDs 10 and 16. At PND 10, the Sertoli cell number was not significantly different among experimental groups; however, it decreased in 0.5- and 2-h/day NMS mice at PND 16. The termination of Sertoli cell proliferation in prepuberty can be induced by p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. At PND 10, we observed an increase in the number of p27-positive Sertoli cells in 2-h/day NMS mice. The seminiferous tubule diameters decreased significantly in 1- and 2-h/day NMS mice, and the relative interstitial area increased in 2-h/day NMS mice. Serum corticosterone level significantly increased, and serum testosterone level significantly decreased in the 2-h/day NMS mice. At PND 16, the tubule diameters and height of seminiferous epithelium were significantly higher in 0.5- and 2-h/day NMS mice. Our results suggest that NMS disturbs serum corticosterone and testosterone levels and increases the number of p27-positive Sertoli cells at PND 10, resulting in a decrease in the number of Sertoli cells at PND 16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyaso
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Kaiya Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kenta Nagahori
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawata
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Zhong-Lian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuramasu
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Poppe K, Bisschop P, Fugazzola L, Minziori G, Unuane D, Weghofer A. 2021 European Thyroid Association Guideline on Thyroid Disorders prior to and during Assisted Reproduction. Eur Thyroid J 2021; 9:281-295. [PMID: 33718252 PMCID: PMC7923920 DOI: 10.1159/000512790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe thyroid dysfunction may lead to menstrual disorders and subfertility. Fertility problems may persist even after restoring normal thyroid function, and then an assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be a solution. Prior to an ART treatment, ovarian stimulation is performed, leading to high oestradiol levels, which may lead to hypothyroidism in women with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), necessitating levothyroxine (LT4) supplements before pregnancy. Moreover, women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and idiopathic subfertility have a higher prevalence of TAI. Women with hypothyroidism treated with LT4 prior to ART should have a serum TSH level <2.5 mIU/L. Subfertile women with hyperthyroidism planning an ART procedure should be informed of the increased risk of maternal and foetal complications, and euthyroidism should be restored and maintained for several months prior to an ART treatment. Fertilisation rates and embryo quality may be impaired in women with TSH >4.0 mIU/L and improved with LT4 therapy. In meta-analyses that mainly included women with TSH levels >4.0 mIU/L, LT4 treatment increased live birth rates, but that was not the case in 2 recent interventional studies in euthyroid women with TAI. The importance of the increased use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a type of ART on pregnancy outcomes in women with TAI deserves more investigation. For all of the above reasons, women of subfertile couples should be screened routinely for the presence of thyroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Poppe
- Endocrine Unit, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Kris Poppe, Endocrine Unit, University Hospital CHU-St-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute 322, BE–1000 Bruxelles (Belgium),
| | - Peter Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gesthimani Minziori
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David Unuane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Weghofer
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology & Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliva SU, Andretta RR, Simas JN, Tesser RB, Paccola CC, Miraglia SM. Thyroid hormones, Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation in progenies from carbamazepine-treated rat dams during pregnancy and lactation. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13969. [PMID: 33433934 DOI: 10.1111/and.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used in the control of seizure and affective disorders, causing hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones regulate the Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation. Clinical aspects must be considered since epileptic fertile women need to continuously use CBZ during pregnancy and lactation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBZ on testis development of rat offspring from dams treated during pregnancy/lactation. Rat dams received CBZ (20 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or vehicle by intra-peritoneal route during gestation and lactation. Progenies were euthanised at 4, 14, 41, 63 and 93-days post-partum (dpp) for the evaluation of T3, T4 and TSH plasma total levels. Testicular cross sections were submitted to anti-Ki67, anti-PCNA, anti-p27kip1 and anti-transferrin immunolabelling for the evaluation of Sertoli cells. There was a significant reduction in p27kip1 -positive Sertoli cell numerical densities and an increase in TSH level at 14 dpp. CBZ exposure affected the volume density of transferrin-positive immunolabelling at 63 dpp. These results suggest that CBZ may cause a dysregulation of the controller system of thyroid hormones homeostasis leading to an increase in the proliferation rate at the neonatal phase and a differentiation delay of the Sertoli cell, culminating in an altered function at late puberty. The occurrence of hypothyroidism cannot be completely discarded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara U Oliva
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhaiza R Andretta
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana N Simas
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila C Paccola
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Miraglia
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shah W, Khan R, Shah B, Khan A, Dil S, Liu W, Wen J, Jiang X. The Molecular Mechanism of Sex Hormones on Sertoli Cell Development and Proliferation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648141. [PMID: 34367061 PMCID: PMC8344352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining and maintaining the intricate process of spermatogenesis is liable upon hormones and growth factors acting through endocrine and paracrine pathways. The Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major somatic cells present in the seminiferous tubules and are considered to be the main regulators of spermatogenesis. As each Sertoli cell supports a specific number of germ cells, thus, the final number of Sertoli cells determines the sperm production capacity. Similarly, sex hormones are also major regulators of spermatogenesis and they can determine the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In the present review, we have critically and comprehensively discussed the role of sex hormones and some other factors that are involved in Sertoli cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we have also presented a model of Sertoli cell development based upon the recent advancement in the field of reproduction. Hence, our review article provides a general overview regarding the sex hormonal pathways governing Sertoli cell proliferation and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjha Khan
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Wen
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gross N, Taylor T, Crenshaw T, Khatib H. The Intergenerational Impacts of Paternal Diet on DNA Methylation and Offspring Phenotypes in Sheep. Front Genet 2020; 11:597943. [PMID: 33250925 PMCID: PMC7674940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.597943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of non-genomic inheritance of traits is currently limited. Although it is well established that maternal diet influences offspring inheritance of traits through DNA methylation, studies on the impact of prepubertal paternal diet on DNA methylation are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prepubertal diet in Polypay rams on complex traits, DNA methylation, and transmission of traits to offspring. A total of 10 littermate pairs of F0 rams were divided so that one ram was fed a control diet, and the other was fed the control diet with supplemental methionine. Diet was associated with earlier age at puberty in treatment vs. control F0 rams. F0 treatment rams tended to show decreased pubertal weight compared to control rams; however, no differences were detected in overall growth. A total of ten F0 rams were bred, and the entire F1 generation was fed a control diet. Diet of F0 rams had a significant association with scrotal circumference (SC) and weight at puberty of F1 offspring. The paternal diet was not significantly associated with F1 ram growth or age at puberty. The DNA methylation of F0 ram sperm was assessed, and genes related to both sexual development (e.g., DAZAP1, CHD7, TAB1, MTMR2, CELSR1, MGAT1) and body weight (e.g., DUOX2, DUOXA2) were prevalent in the data. These results provide novel information about the mechanisms through which the prepubertal paternal diet may alter body weight at puberty and sexual development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Todd Taylor
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thomas Crenshaw
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sarraude T, Hsu BY, Groothuis T, Ruuskanen S. Testing the short-and long-term effects of elevated prenatal exposure to different forms of thyroid hormones. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10175. [PMID: 33088630 PMCID: PMC7571413 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are known to be crucial in embryonic development in humans, but their influence on other, especially wild, animals remains poorly understood. So far, the studies that experimentally investigated the consequences of maternal THs focused on short-term effects, while early organisational effects with long-term consequences, as shown for other prenatal hormones, could also be expected. In this study, we aimed at investigating both the short- and long-term effects of prenatal THs in a bird species, the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. We experimentally elevated yolk TH content (the prohormone T4, and its active metabolite T3, as well as a combination of both hormones). We analysed hatching success, embryonic development, offspring growth and oxidative stress as well as their potential organisational effects on reproduction, moult and oxidative stress in adulthood. We found that eggs injected with T4 had a higher hatching success compared with control eggs, suggesting conversion of T4 into T3 by the embryo. We detected no evidence for other short-term or long-term effects of yolk THs. These results suggest that yolk THs are important in the embryonic stage of precocial birds, but other short- and long-term consequences remain unclear. Research on maternal THs will greatly benefit from studies investigating how embryos use and respond to this maternal signalling. Long-term studies on prenatal THs in other taxa in the wild are needed for a better understanding of this hormone-mediated maternal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sarraude
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bin-Yan Hsu
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ton Groothuis
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang X, Adeniran SO, Wang Z, Li X, Huang F, Ma M, Xu Z, Zheng P, Zhang G. 3, 3', 5-Triiodo-L-thyronine affects polarity proteins of bovine Sertoli cells via WT1/non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2020; 148:8-17. [PMID: 32126395 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the role of 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L thyroxine (T3) in the differentiation of Sertoli cells (SCs) and the factors influencing maturity via the Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)/non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, high purity SCs were isolated from newborn calves' testes and cultured in vitro. The SCs were stimulated with T3, and co-treated with short interference (si) RNA to knockdown endogenous WT1 and non-canonical Wnt signalling inhibitor Wnt-c59. Our results suggested that the addition of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 nM) of T3 in the culture medium changed the expression of KRT-18 (SCs immature marker) and accelerated the differentiation of SCs. T3 (100 nM) treatment induced up-regulated expression of WT1 over time (p < 0.05), while the expression of polarity proteins (Par3, Par6b, and E-cadherin) and Wnt4 were affected to varying degrees (p < 0.05). SCs were treated simultaneously with T3 + Wnt-c59 and T3 + WT1 siRNA, and the results showed that T3 could affect the expression of polarity proteins via WT1/non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These data put together indicate that T3 plays a dependent role in the induction of bovine SCs differentiation via WT1/non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vitro. This study proposes for the first time that WT1 is a major target for T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - S O Adeniran
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhongfeng Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hernandez A, Martinez ME. Thyroid hormone action in the developing testis: intergenerational epigenetics. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:R33-R46. [PMID: 31977317 PMCID: PMC7220832 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Male fertility involves the successful transmission of the genetic code to the next generation. It requires appropriately timed cellular processes during testis development, adequate support of spermatogenesis by hormonal cues from the reproductive axis and cellular cross-talk between germ and somatic cells. In addition to being the vessel of the father’s genome, increasing evidence shows that the mature sperm carries valuable epigenetic information – the epigenome – that, after fecundation, influences the development of the next generation, affecting biological traits and disease susceptibility. The epigenome of the germ line is susceptible to environmental factors, including exogenous chemicals and diet, but it is also affected by endogenous molecules and pathophysiological conditions. Factors affecting testis development and the epigenetic information of the germ line are critical for fertility and of relevance to the non-genetic but heritable component in the etiology of complex conditions. Thyroid hormones are one of those factors and their action, when untimely, produces profound effects on the developing testis, affecting spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, testis size, reproductive hormones and fertility. Altered thyroid hormone states can also change the epigenetic information of the male germ line, with phenotypic consequences for future generations. In the context of past literature concerning the consequences of altered thyroid hormone action for testis development, here we review recent findings about the pathophysiological roles of the principal determinants of testicular thyroid hormone action. We also discuss limited work on the effects of thyroid hormone on the male germ line epigenome and the implications for the intergenerational transmission of phenotypes via epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu S, Li J, Wang T, Xu J, Liu Z, Wang H, Wei GH, Ianni A, Braun T, Yue S. Illumination of cell cycle progression by multi-fluorescent sensing system. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1364-1378. [PMID: 31131683 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-fluorescent imaging of cell cycle progression is essential for the study of cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. However, there remain challenges, particularly to image cell cycle progression in living cell with available imaging techniques due to lacking the suitable probe. Here, we design a triple fluorescent sensors system making the cell cycle progression visible. Multi-fluorescent sensor shows the proliferating or proliferated cells with different colors. We thus generate the construct and adenovirus to probe cell cycle progression in living cell lines and primary cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we create the knock-in transgenic mouse to monitor cell cycle progression in vivo. Together, the system can be applied to investigate cell proliferation or cell cycle progression in living cells and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jun Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Teng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhipei Liu
- c Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany.,d Union Gene Test & Health Management Center , Tianjin , China
| | - Haobin Wang
- e Department of Breast & Thyroid Surgery , The third people's hospital of Chengdu; The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- f Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- c Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- c Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Shijing Yue
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,c Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Zheng P, Adeniran SO, Ma M, Huang F, Adegoke EO, Zhang G. Thyroid hormone (T 3) is involved in inhibiting the proliferation of newborn calf Sertoli cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro. Theriogenology 2019; 133:1-9. [PMID: 31051388 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to study the effects of Thyroid hormone (T3) on the proliferation and differentiation of newborn calf Sertoli cells (SCs) to provide a theoretical and practical basis for increased testicular semen production. In this experiment, the cck8 method was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of T3 on the proliferation rate of newborn calf SCs. qPCR and Western Blot methods were used to explore the effects of T3 on the proliferation and differentiation of calves SCs and whether T3 through Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of SCs. We found that dosage (T3) and time correlated with proliferation inhibition of SC. T3 inhibited the proliferation of SC by down-regulating cyclinD1, upregulating p21Cip, p27Kip1, and other cell-cycle factors. By up-regulating AR and down-regulating KRT-18, T3 promoted the maturated differentiation of SC. T3 could not affect the expression of β-catenin in SC of newborn calf, indicating that T3 may not regulate SCs proliferation through the Wnt pathway. T3 also negatively regulated the gene expression and protein levels of some genes in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We concluded that T3 inhibited newborn calf SCs proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and possibly promoted their differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - S O Adeniran
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fushuo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - E O Adegoke
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Guixue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Regulation of Hippo pathway components by FSH in testis. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:61-66. [PMID: 30824374 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transition of testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) from a proliferative state during infancy to a non proliferative functionally mature state at the onset of puberty is essential for proper spermatogenic progression. The Hippo signaling pathway is a conserved growth control pathway that has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. However, the expression pattern of the pathway components relative to proliferative infant Sc and functionally mature pubertal Sc is not known. In this study, we show that the Hippo pathway components are differentially expressed in infant and pubertal rat Sc. Interestingly, Hippo transducer- YAP was found to be significantly up-regulated in pubertal Sc as compared to infant Sc. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was found to up-regulate Yap expression in pubertal Sc but not in infant Sc. Moreover, FSH induced the phosphorylation of YAP at Ser 127 residue (which is associated with its inactivation) in pubertal Sc. This indicated negative regulation of YAP by FSH mediated signaling in pubertal Sc. Our results demonstrated the differential expression of Hippo pathway genes in infant and pubertal Sc and also established an important role of FSH in regulating YAP expression and phosphorylation in Sc.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Thyroid hormones act on testis in multiple ways and exert their effect on
different cell types, including Leydig and Sertoli cells, and germ cells. An
excess or deficit of thyroid hormones results in alterations of testis function,
including semen abnormalities. More frequently, hyperthyroidism has been
associated with reduced semen volume and reduced sperm density, motility, and
morphology, whereas hypothyroidism is associated with reduced sperm morphology.
Therefore, thyroid function tests should be part of the diagnostic workup of the
infertile man. This article is aimed at (1) elucidating how hyperthyroidism and
hypothyroidism lead to a reduction in semen quality, briefly reviewing the
current literature on murine models and humans, and (2) pinpointing the
limitations of the studies carried out so far and identifying new perspectives
for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Rodolico," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Vita
- 2 Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hernandez A. Thyroid Hormone Deiodination and Action in the Gonads. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2018; 2:18-23. [PMID: 30547141 PMCID: PMC6287753 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in thyroid hormone (TH) status during developmental or adult age are associated with abnormal gonadal development and function in human and animal models. In the developing testis, aberrant levels of TH action lead to disruptions in cell proliferation and differentiation, ultimately influencing testicular size, spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and male fertility. Recent work is increasingly identifying the systems and signaling pathways in gonadal cells that are affected by TH, as well as delineating the major factors that determine TH signaling in gonadal tissue. The TH receptor alpha, the monocarboxylate transporter 8 and the type 3 deiodinase appear to be major contributors to the timely regulation of TH action in the developing testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Albert O, Huang JY, Aleksa K, Hales BF, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Chan P. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalates in healthy men living in the greater Montreal area: A study of hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 116:165-175. [PMID: 29684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between exposure of young men to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) or phthalates and hormone levels or semen quality have produced inconsistent results. Our goal was to investigate the association of exposure to PBDEs or phthalate metabolites with changes in markers of thyroid (TSH, free T3 and free T4) and reproductive function (sperm concentrations, motility, and quality; serum LH and testosterone) in 153 healthy young men from the greater Montreal area. Using covariate-adjusted models, we found that each 10-fold increase in BDE-47 was associated with lower TSH levels (-17.3%; 95% CI: -31.5, 0.0; p = 0.05). BDE-47 exposure was also associated with a decrease in sperm concentration (-19.7%; 95% CI: -36.8; 2.0; p = 0.07) and motility (-25.5%; 95% CI: -44.5, 0.1; p = 0.05). Trends towards decreases in these parameters were also observed in association with exposure to BDE-100 and the sum of BDE-47, -99, and -100 (∑3BDEs). These associations were not accompanied by effects on sperm chromatin quality, as assessed with the HT-COMET assay. There were no substantial associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations, either individually or grouped by molecular weight or parent compound, and sperm quality parameters; however, there was a positive association between elevated MECCP and free T4 (0.98; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.94; p = 0.05). Inverse associations between BDE-47 and ∑3BDEs and free T3 and positive associations between MEHP and free T3 were stronger among individuals with BMI ≥ 25, suggesting that weight status may modify the effects of these endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Océane Albert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarina Aleksa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carosa E, Lenzi A, Jannini EA. Thyroid hormone receptors and ligands, tissue distribution and sexual behavior. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 467:49-59. [PMID: 29175529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carosa
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Chair of Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology & Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hernandez A. Thyroid Hormone Role and Economy in the Developing Testis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:473-500. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
29
|
La Vignera S, Vita R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Presti S, Benvenga S, Calogero AE. Impact of thyroid disease on testicular function. Endocrine 2017; 58:397-407. [PMID: 28429281 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testis was considered unresponsive to thyroid hormone for a long time. However, like in animals, the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated also in humans. Accordingly, thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism have remarkable effects on testicular function and more extensively on fertility. REVIEW Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism are associated with changes affecting the endocrine, sexual, or reproductive functions. Particularly, compared with controls, hyperthyroid patients have higher serum SHBG and lower free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations, a higher rate of astheno-zoospermia, oligo-zoospermia, and terato-zoospermia, and a higher prevalence of sexual disturbances, such as premature ejaculation. In hypothyroid patients, hormonal changes are in the opposite direction compared with hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormone regulates a number of functions in the testis, such as proliferation and differentiations of non-germ cells, steroidogenesis, and sperm motility. Furthermore, thyroid hormone regulates testicular redox status. Consequently, thyroid hormone excess or deficiency can affect testicular function at different levels. CONCLUSIONS In view of the high prevalence of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, a considerable part of infertile patients may harbor overt or subclinical thyroid disease. Identification and management of thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism associated infertility needs the collaboration of andrologists, endocrinologists, gynecologists, and general practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Presti
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario di Messina, Padiglione H, 4th floor, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescence & Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women's Endocrine Health, A.O.U. Policlinico G. Martino, Viale Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Du J, Xiong D, Zhang Q, Li X, Liu X, You H, Ding S, Yang X, Yuan J. Mono-butyl phthalate-induced mouse testis injury is associated with oxidative stress and down-regulated expression of Sox9 and Dazl. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:319-328. [PMID: 28496037 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) has reproductive toxicity but the related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated in vivo. We exposed male Balb/c mice to MBP by gavage at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for 14 days, and then evaluated the testicular alterations at the histological and molecular levels. MBP reduced mouse sperm count along with sperm malformation and seminiferous tubule degeneration in a dose-dependent manner. MBP dosed at 200 mg/kg significantly increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content in mouse testes. High doses of MBP (200 mg/kg) also significantly reduced mRNA expressions of testis growth and function related genes (Sox9 and Dazl). Our findings suggest that oxidative stress and down-regulated expression of Sox9 and Dazl may play important roles in MBP-induced testis injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Di Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Huihui You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| | - Junlin Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Iodine is associated to semen quality in men who undergo consultations for infertility. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
32
|
Fadlalla MB, Wei Q, Fedail JS, Mehfooz A, Mao D, Shi F. Effects of hyper- and hypothyroidism on the development and proliferation of testicular cells in prepubertal rats. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1943-1954. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Babo Fadlalla
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Jaafar Sulieman Fedail
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Asif Mehfooz
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Dagan Mao
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohanty B, Pandey SP, Tsutsui K. Thyroid disrupting pesticides impair the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis of a wildlife bird, Amandava amandava. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
34
|
Morphofunctional evaluation of the testis, duration of spermatogenesis and spermatogenic efficiency in the Japanese fancy mouse (Mus musculus molossinus). ZYGOTE 2017; 25:498-506. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryJapanese fancy mouse, mini mouse or pet mouse are common names used to refer to strains of mice that present with different colour varieties and coat types. Although many genetic studies that involve spotting phenotype based on the coat have been performed in these mice, there are no reports of quantitative data in the literature regarding testis structure and spermatogenic efficiency. Hence, in this study we researched testis function and spermatogenesis in the adult Japanese fancy mouse. The following values of 68 ± 6 mg and 0.94 ± 0.1% were obtained as mean testis weight and gonadosomatic index, respectively. In comparison with other investigated mice strains, the fancy mouse Leydig cell individual size was much smaller, resulting in higher numbers of these cells per gram of testis. As found for laboratory mice strains, as a result of the development of the acrosomic system, 12 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle have been described in this study. The combined frequencies of pre-meiotic and post-meiotic stages were respectively 24% and 64% and very similar to the laboratory mice. The more differentiated germ cell types marked at 1 h or 9 days after tritiated thymidine administration were preleptotene/leptotene and pachytene spermatocytes at the same stage (VIII). The mean duration of one spermatogenic cycle was 8.8 ± 0.01 days and the total length of spermatogenesis lasted 37.8 ± 0.01 days (4.5 cycles). A high number of germ cell apoptosis was evident during meiosis, resulting in lower Sertoli cell and spermatogenic efficiencies, when compared with laboratory mice strains.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sarkar D, Singh SK. Maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) during lactation affects germ cell survival with altered testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative status through down-regulation of Cx43 and p27Kip1 in prepubertal mice offspring. Toxicology 2017; 386:103-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Lara NLM, França LR. Neonatal hypothyroidism does not increase Sertoli cell proliferation in iNOS−/− mice. Reproduction 2017; 154:13-22. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation in mice occurs until two weeks after birth and is mainly regulated by FSH and thyroid hormones. Previous studies have shown that transient neonatal hypothyroidism in laboratory rodents is able to extend SC mitotic activity, leading ultimately to higher testis size and daily sperm production (DSP) in adult animals. Moreover, we have shown that due to higher SC proliferation and lower germ cell apoptosis, iNOS deficiency in mice also results in higher testis size and DSP. Although the cell size was smaller, the Leydig cells (LCs) number per testis also significantly increased in iNOS−/−mice. Our aims in the present study were to investigate if the combination of neonatal hypothyroidism and iNOS deficiency promotes additive effects in SC number, testis size and DSP. Hypothyroidism was induced in wild-type (WT) and iNOS−/−mice using 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) through the mother’s drinking water from 0 to 20 days of age, and were sacrificed at adulthood. Our results showed that, in contrast to the WT mice in which testis size, DSP and SC numbers increased significantly by 20, 40 and 70% respectively, after PTU treatment, no additive effects were observed for these parameters in treated iNOS−/−mice, as well as for LC. No alterations were observed in spermatogenesis in any group evaluated. Although we still do not have an explanation for these intriguing findings, we are currently investigating whether thyroid hormones influence iNOS levels and/or counterbalance physiological effects of iNOS deficiency in testis function and spermatogenesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tahani N, Ruga G, Granato S, Spaziani M, Panimolle F, Anzuini A, Lenzi A, Radicioni AF. A combined form of hypothyroidism in pubertal patients with non-mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Endocrine 2017; 55:513-518. [PMID: 27726092 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome has been associated with thyroid abnormalities, the genesis of which is not yet fully clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in Klinefelter syndrome subjects during the pubertal period. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to analyze Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, fT3 and fT4 concentration in serum samples from 40 Klinefelter syndrome pubertal boys with classic 47,XXY karyotype and 157 healthy age-matched controls. 13 Klinefelter syndrome patients also underwent Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone testing to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary function. fT3 levels were significantly lower in Klinefelter syndrome patients than in age-matched controls (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (p = 0.138) or fT4 (p = 0.274), but the serum levels of Klinefelter syndrome patients tended to cluster around the lower part of the reference range for the assay. Three of the thirteen Klinefelter syndrome patients undergoing the Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone test had an adequate response, one had a prolonged response at 60 min and nine responded inadequately. This study demonstrated for the first time that pubertal Klinefelter syndrome patients have significantly lower fT3 serum levels than do healthy age-matched boys, whereas Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and fT4 are normal, albeit at the lower end of the reference range. Most patients showed an inadequate/prolonged response to pituitary stimulation with Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone. These findings suggest a combined form of both central and peripheral hypothyroidism in Klinefelter syndrome boys during pubertal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Tahani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Gilda Ruga
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Simona Granato
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Matteo Spaziani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Francesca Panimolle
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Antonella Anzuini
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Antonio Francesco Radicioni
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kotzur T, Benavides-Garcia R, Mecklenburg J, Sanchez JR, Reilly M, Hermann BP. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes spermatogenic regeneration from surviving spermatogonia after high-dose alkylating chemotherapy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28077131 PMCID: PMC5225630 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lifesaving chemotherapy and radiation treatments that allow patients to survive cancer can also result in a lifetime of side-effects, including male infertility. Infertility in male cancer survivors is thought to primarily result from killing of the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) responsible for producing spermatozoa since SSCs turn over slowly and are thereby sensitive to antineoplastic therapies. We previously demonstrated that the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can preserve spermatogenesis after alkylating chemotherapy (busulfan). METHODS Male mice were treated with G-CSF or controls before and/or after sterilizing busulfan treatment and evaluated immediately or 10-19 weeks later for effects on spermatogenesis. RESULTS We demonstrated that the protective effect of G-CSF on spermatogenesis was stable for at least 19 weeks after chemotherapy, nearly twice as long as previously shown. Further, G-CSF treatment enhanced spermatogenic measures 10 weeks after treatment in the absence of a cytotoxic insult, suggesting G-CSF acts as a mitogen in steady-state spermatogenesis. In agreement with this conclusion, G-CSF treatment for 3 days before busulfan treatment exacerbated the loss of spermatogenesis observed with G-CSF alone. Reciprocally, spermatogenic recovery was modestly enhanced in mice treated with G-CSF for 4 days after busulfan. These results suggested that G-CSF promoted spermatogonial proliferation, leading to enhanced spermatogenic regeneration from surviving SSCs. Similarly, there was a significant increase in proportion of PLZF+ undifferentiated spermatogonia that were Ki67+ (proliferating) 1 day after G-CSF treatment. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results clarify that G-CSF protects spermatogenesis after alkylating chemotherapy by stimulating proliferation of surviving spermatogonia, and indicate it may be useful as a retrospective fertility-restoring treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Kotzur
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Roberto Benavides-Garcia
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Jamila R. Sanchez
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| | - Matthew Reilly
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Brian P. Hermann
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aiceles V, Gombar F, da Fonte Ramos C. Hormonal and testicular changes in rats submitted to congenital hypothyroidism in early life. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:65-73. [PMID: 27793676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of hypothyroidism induced by MMI, during gestation (G) or gestation plus lactation (GL) on testis and its relation with leptin in rats. Six to eight pups were killed at 90 days of age. For statistical analysis One-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sìdak post hoc test was used. Hypothyroidism resulted in a significant reduction in LH, FSH and testosterone and an increase in leptin serum levels (p < 0.04). There was a significant decrease in StAR, AR, FSHR, LHR, pSTAT3 and SOCS3 (p < 0.04) protein expression and in the fertility parameters (p < 0.04). We can conclude that hypothyroidism is associated with reduction of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis leading to a low fertility potential in these animals. This outcome could be a consequence of low pituitary stimulus and testicular response and probably are not related with leptin hormone since its signaling pathway is down-regulated in the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Aiceles
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Gombar
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tenenbaum-Rakover Y, Turgeon MO, London S, Hermanns P, Pohlenz J, Bernard DJ, Bercovich D. Familial Central Hypothyroidism Caused by a Novel IGSF1 Gene Mutation. Thyroid 2016; 26:1693-1700. [PMID: 27310681 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism of central origin (CH-C) is a rare disease in which thyroid hormone deficiency is caused by insufficient thyrotropin stimulation of a normal thyroid gland. A recently described syndrome of isolated CH-C and macroorchidism was attributed to loss-of-function mutations of the immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 gene (IGSF1). PATIENTS AND METHODS CH-C was diagnosed in three siblings. The TRH, TRHR, and TSHB genes were sequenced followed by whole-exome sequencing in the proband. A mutation identified in IGSF1 was analyzed by direct PCR sequencing in family members. The effects of the mutation were assessed by in vitro studies in HEK293 cells. RESULTS The index case was negative for mutations in TRH, TRHR, and TSHB. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel insertion mutation in IGSF1, c.2284_2285insA, p.R762QfsX7, which was confirmed by direct PCR sequencing and was identified in six additional family members. The mutation introduces a frame-shift and premature stop codon in the seventh Ig loop, thereby truncating IGSF1. In vitro studies revealed that the mutated IGSF1-R762QfsX7 migrates as a doublet at ∼28 kDa, which is far smaller than the wild type protein (130-140 kDa). Both bands were endonuclease H sensitive, indicating immature glycosylation and failure of the protein to traffic out of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Further phenotypic findings in the family included macroorchidism and infertility in the uncle and mild neurological phenotypes in the affected males, such as hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, clumsy behavior, and attention deficit disorder. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel insertion mutation in the IGSF1 gene and further delineated the phenotype of the IGSF1-deficiency syndrome. Our findings indicate a possible association between an IGSF1 mutation and neurological phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- 1 Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center , Afula, Israel
- 2 Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Marc-Olivier Turgeon
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Shira London
- 1 Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center , Afula, Israel
| | - Pia Hermanns
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical School , Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Pohlenz
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical School , Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Dani Bercovich
- 5 Faculty of Medical Science, Tel Hai Academic College Upper Galilee , Israel
- 6 GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Laboratory , Kazerin, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nelson ER, Habibi HR. Thyroid hormone regulates vitellogenin by inducing estrogen receptor alpha in the goldfish liver. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:259-67. [PMID: 27585488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg) is an egg-yolk precursor protein that is synthesized in the liver of oviparous species and taken up from the circulation by the ovary. It is well known that Vtg is induced by circulating estrogens. However, other endocrine factors that regulate the expression of Vtg are less well characterized; factors that might play significant roles, especially in seasonal spawners such as the goldfish which require increased quantities of Vtg for the development of hundreds of follicles. In this regard, thyroid hormones have been shown to cycle with the reproductive season. Therefore, we hypothesized that the thyroid hormones might influence the synthesis of Vtg. Treatment of female goldfish with triiodothyronine (T3) resulted in increased Vtg, an observation that was absent in males. Furthermore, T3 failed to induce Vtg in cultured hepatocytes of either sex. Interestingly however, T3 consistently up-regulated the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The T3 mediated upregulation of ERα requires the presence of both thyroid receptor (TR) α-1 and TRβ. When goldfish or cultured hepatocytes were treated with T3 followed by estradiol, there was a synergistic increase in Vtg, a response which is dependent on the presence of ERα. Therefore, by upregulating ERα, T3 serves to prime the liver to subsequent stimuli from estradiol. This cross-talk likely reveals an important physiologic mechanism by which thyroid hormones, whose circulating levels are high during early gonadal recrudescence, facilitate the production of large amounts of Vtg required for egg development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Research Performed at: The Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Research Performed at: The Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pérez JH, Furlow JD, Wingfield JC, Ramenofsky M. Regulation of vernal migration in Gambel's white-crowned sparrows: Role of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Horm Behav 2016; 84:50-6. [PMID: 27234300 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate timing of migratory behavior is critical for migrant species. For many temperate zone birds in the spring, lengthening photoperiod is the initial cue leading to morphological, physiological and behavior changes that are necessary for vernal migration and breeding. Strong evidence has emerged in recent years linking thyroid hormone signaling to the photoinduction of breeding in birds while more limited information suggest a potential role in the regulation of vernal migration in photoperiodic songbirds. Here we investigate the development and expression of the vernal migratory life history stage in captive Gambel's white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) in a hypothyroidic state, induced by chemical inhibition of thyroid hormone production. To explore possible variations in the effects of the two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, we subsequently performed a thyroid inhibition coupled with replacement therapy. We found that chemical inhibition of thyroid hormones resulted in complete abolishment of mass gain, fattening, and muscle hypertrophy associated with migratory preparation as well as resulting in failure to display nocturnal restlessness behavior. Replacement of thyroxine rescued all of these elements to near control levels while triiodothyronine replacement displayed partial or delayed rescue. Our findings support thyroid hormones as being necessary for the expression of changes in morphology and physiology associated with migration as well as migratory behavior itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Pérez
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - John C Wingfield
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marilyn Ramenofsky
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The spiny rat (Proechimys guyannensis) is a neotropical rodent that is used in biomedical research, particularly research related to chronic resistance to epilepsy and infectious diseases. To our knowledge, there are few reports concerning the reproductive biology of this species. Therefore, besides providing basic biometric and morphometric data, in the present study we investigated testis function and spermatogenesis in adult spiny rats. The mean testis weight and gonadosomatic index obtained were 1.63 ± 0.2 g and 1.15 ± 0.1% respectively. Based on the development of the acrosomic system, 12 stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle were characterized. Stages VI and VII presented the highest frequencies (~17-19%), whilst stages II to V showed the lowest frequencies (~2-4%). The most advanced germ cell types labelled at 1 h or 20 days after BrdU injections were respectively preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes at stage VII and elongated spermatids at stage III. The mean duration of one cycle was 7.5 ± 0.01 days and the entire spermatogenic process lasted 33.7 ± 0.06 days (~4.5 cycles). The seminiferous tubules (ST) occupied ~96 ± 1% of the testis parenchyma, whereas Leydig cells comprised only 1.5 ± 0.4%. The number of Sertoli cells (SC) per testis gram and the SC efficiency (spermatids/SC) were respectively 78 × 106 ± 11 × 106 and 7.9 ± 1. The daily sperm production per testis gram (spermatogenic efficiency; daily sperm production (DSP)/g/testis) was 78 × 106 ± 8 × 106. To our knowledge, this spermatogenic efficiency is among the highest found for mammals investigated to date and is probably related to the very short duration of spermatogenesis and the very high ST percentage and SC number obtained for this species.
Collapse
|
44
|
Martinez ME, Karaczyn A, Stohn JP, Donnelly WT, Croteau W, Peeters RP, Galton VA, Forrest D, St Germain D, Hernandez A. The Type 3 Deiodinase Is a Critical Determinant of Appropriate Thyroid Hormone Action in the Developing Testis. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1276-88. [PMID: 26727108 PMCID: PMC4769364 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Timely and appropriate levels of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are necessary to ensure normal developmental outcomes in many tissues. Studies using pharmacological models of altered TH status have revealed an influence of these hormones on testis development and size, but little is known about the role of endogenous determinants of TH action in the developing male gonads. Using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that the type 3 deiodinase (D3), which inactivates TH and protects developing tissues from undue TH action, is a key factor. D3 is highly expressed in the developing testis, and D3-deficient (D3KO) mice exhibit thyrotoxicosis and cell proliferation arrest in the neonatal testis, resulting in an approximately 75% reduction in testis size. This is accompanied by larger seminiferous tubules, impaired spermatogenesis, and a hormonal profile indicative of primary hypogonadism. A deficiency in the TH receptor-α fully normalizes testis size and adult testis gene expression in D3KO mice, indicating that the effects of D3 deficiency are mediated through this type of receptor. Similarly, genetic deficiencies in the D2 or in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 partially rescue the abnormalities in testis size and gonadal axis gene expression featured in the D3KO mice. Our study highlights the testis as an important tissue in which determinants of TH action coordinately converge to ensure normal development and identifies D3 as a critical factor in testis development and in testicular protection from thyrotoxicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Aldona Karaczyn
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - J Patrizia Stohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - William T Donnelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Valerie A Galton
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Donald St Germain
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Medicine (M.E.M., A.K., J.P.S., D.S.G., A.H.), Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Physiology and Neurobiology (W.D., V.A.G.) and Medicine (W.C.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756; Rotterdam Thyroid Center (R.P.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (R.P.P., D.F.), National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kidder GM, Cyr DG. Roles of connexins in testis development and spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:22-30. [PMID: 26780117 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development and differentiation of cells involved in spermatogenesis requires highly regulated and coordinated interactions between cells. Intercellular communication, particularly via connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions, plays a critical role in the development of germ cells during fetal development and during spermatogenesis in the adult. Loss of Cx43 in the fetus results in a decreased number of germ cells, while the loss of Cx43 in the adult Sertoli cells results in complete inhibition of spermatogenesis. Connexins 26, 32, 33, 36, 45, 46 and 50 have also been localized to specific compartments of the testis in various mammals. Loss of Cx46 is associated with an increase in germ cell apoptosis and loss of the integrity of the blood-testis barrier, while loss of other connexins appears to have more subtle effects within the seminiferous tubule. Outside the seminiferous tubule, the interstitial Leydig cells express connexins 36 and 45 along with Cx43; deletion of the latter connexin did not reveal it to be crucial for steroidogenesis or for the development and differentiation of Leydig cells. In contrast, loss of Cx43 from Sertoli cells results in Leydig cell hyperplasia, suggesting important cross-talk between Sertoli and Leydig cells. In the epididymis connexins 26, 30.3, Cx31.1, 32, and 43 have been identified and differentiation of the epithelium is associated with dramatic changes in their expression. Decreased expression of Cx43 results in decreased sperm motility, a function acquired by spermatozoa during epididymal transit. Clearly, intercellular gap junctional communication within the testis and epididymis represents a critical aspect of male reproductive function and fertility. The implications of this mode of intercellular communication for male fertility remains a poorly understood but important facet of male reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Kidder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Daniel G Cyr
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, University of Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Joustra SD, Roelfsema F, Endert E, Ballieux BEPB, van Trotsenburg ASP, Fliers E, Corssmit EPM, Bernard DJ, Oostdijk W, Wit JM, Pereira AM, Biermasz NR. Pituitary Hormone Secretion Profiles in IGSF1 Deficiency Syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:408-16. [PMID: 26336917 DOI: 10.1159/000439433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1) cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism, macroorchidism, delayed pubertal testosterone rise, variable prolactin deficiency and variable partial GH deficiency in childhood. The clinical features and gene expression pattern suggest a pivotal role for IGSF1 in the pituitary, but detailed knowledge on pituitary hormone secretion in this syndrome is lacking. We therefore aimed to study the 24-hour pituitary hormone secretion in male patients with IGSF1 deficiency. METHODS We collected blood samples every 10 min for 24 h in eight adult male IGSF1-deficient patients and measured circulating TSH, prolactin and gonadotropins. Deconvolution, modified cosinor and approximate entropy analyses were applied to quantify secretion rates, diurnal rhythmicity and regularity of hormone release. Results were compared to healthy controls matched for age and body mass index. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, IGSF1-deficient patients showed decreased pulsatile secretion of TSH with decreased disorderliness and reduced diurnal variation. Basal and pulsatile secretion of FSH was increased by over 200%, while LH secretion did not differ from healthy controls. We observed a bimodal distribution of prolactin secretion, i.e. severe deficiency in three and increased basal and total secretion in the other five patients. CONCLUSION The altered TSH secretion pattern is consistent with the previously hypothesized defect in thyrotropin-releasing hormone signaling in IGSF1 deficiency. However, the phenotype is more extensive and includes increased FSH secretion without altered LH secretion as well as either undetectable or increased prolactin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schoenmakers N, Alatzoglou KS, Chatterjee VK, Dattani MT. Recent advances in central congenital hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:R51-71. [PMID: 26416826 PMCID: PMC4629398 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) may occur in isolation, or more frequently in combination with additional pituitary hormone deficits with or without associated extrapituitary abnormalities. Although uncommon, it may be more prevalent than previously thought, affecting up to 1:16 000 neonates in the Netherlands. Since TSH is not elevated, CCH will evade diagnosis in primary, TSH-based, CH screening programs and delayed detection may result in neurodevelopmental delay due to untreated neonatal hypothyroidism. Alternatively, coexisting growth hormones or ACTH deficiency may pose additional risks, such as life threatening hypoglycaemia. Genetic ascertainment is possible in a minority of cases and reveals mutations in genes controlling the TSH biosynthetic pathway (TSHB, TRHR, IGSF1) in isolated TSH deficiency, or early (HESX1, LHX3, LHX4, SOX3, OTX2) or late (PROP1, POU1F1) pituitary transcription factors in combined hormone deficits. Since TSH cannot be used as an indicator of euthyroidism, adequacy of treatment can be difficult to monitor due to a paucity of alternative biomarkers. This review will summarize the normal physiology of pituitary development and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, then describe known genetic causes of isolated central hypothyroidism and combined pituitary hormone deficits associated with TSH deficiency. Difficulties in diagnosis and management of these conditions will then be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Schoenmakers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSection of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki S Alatzoglou
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSection of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - V Krishna Chatterjee
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSection of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Level 4, PO Box 289, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UKDevelopmental Endocrinology Research GroupSection of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Smith LB, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Rebourcet D. Cell-specific ablation in the testis: what have we learned? Andrology 2015; 3:1035-49. [PMID: 26446427 PMCID: PMC4950036 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Testicular development and function is the culmination of a complex process of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine interactions between multiple cell types. Dissecting this has classically involved the use of systemic treatments to perturb endocrine function, or more recently, transgenic models to knockout individual genes. However, targeting genes one at a time does not capture the more wide‐ranging role of each cell type in its entirety. An often overlooked, but extremely powerful approach to elucidate cellular function is the use of cell ablation strategies, specifically removing one cellular population and examining the resultant impacts on development and function. Cell ablation studies reveal a more holistic overview of cell–cell interactions. This not only identifies important roles for the ablated cell type, which warrant further downstream study, but also, and importantly, reveals functions within the tissue that occur completely independently of the ablated cell type. To date, cell ablation studies in the testis have specifically removed germ cells, Leydig cells, macrophages and recently Sertoli cells. These studies have provided great leaps in understanding not possible via other approaches; as such, cell ablation represents an essential component in the researchers’ tool‐kit, and should be viewed as a complement to the more mainstream approaches to advancing our understanding of testis biology. In this review, we summarise the cell ablation models used in the testis, and discuss what each of these have taught us about testis development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P J O'Shaughnessy
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rebourcet
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pintus E, Ros-Santaella JL, Garde JJ. Beyond Testis Size: Links between Spermatogenesis and Sperm Traits in a Seasonal Breeding Mammal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139240. [PMID: 26430740 PMCID: PMC4592251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a costly process that is expected to be under selection to maximise sperm quantity and quality. Testis size is often regarded as a proxy measure of sperm investment, implicitly overlooking the quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis. An enhanced understanding of testicular function, beyond testis size, may reveal further sexual traits involved in sperm quantity and quality. Here, we first estimated the inter-male variation in testicular function and sperm traits in red deer across the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Then, we analysed the relationships between the testis mass, eight parameters of spermatogenic function, and seven parameters of sperm quality. Our findings revealed that the Sertoli cell number and function parameters vary greatly between red deer males, and that spermatogenic activity co-varies with testis mass and sperm quality across the breeding and non-breeding seasons. For the first time in a seasonal breeder, we found that not only is the Sertoli cell number important in determining testis mass (r = 0.619, p = 0.007 and r = 0.248, p = 0.047 for the Sertoli cell number assessed by histology and cytology, respectively), but also sperm function (r = 0.703, p = 0.002 and r = 0.328, p = 0.012 for the Sertoli cell number assessed by histology and cytology, respectively). Testicular histology also revealed that a high Sertoli cell number per tubular cross-section is associated with high sperm production (r = 0.600, p = 0.009). Sperm production and function were also positively correlated (r = 0.384, p = 0.004), suggesting that these traits co-vary to maximise sperm fertilisation ability in red deer. In conclusion, our findings contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of spermatogenesis, and reveal new insights into the role of testicular function and the Sertoli cell number on testis size and sperm quality in red deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - José Luis Ros-Santaella
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
New directions for drug-resistant breast cancer: the CDK4/6 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1473-81. [PMID: 26306734 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast cancers are treated with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) if the cancers are estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor positive. However, some 30% are not responsive or later become resistant to such therapies. There has been continued interest in developing new and more effective SERMs that target the estrogen receptors for therapeutic benefit. This article will focus on therapies directed against other molecular targets to improve outcomes, as preventing growth of breast cancer cells by an unrelated mechanism is most likely to yield success against resistance, or synergize in a combination therapy with SERMs or aromatase inhibitors. New drugs in development that target the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4/CDK6 have 'breakthrough therapy' designation at the US FDA and may provide an exciting and realistic new avenue to patients in the near future.
Collapse
|