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Bohenek JR, Pintar MR, Breech TM, Resetarits WJ. A wolf in sheep's clothing: Predatory fish have convergent consumptive effects but divergent predation‐risk effects. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Bohenek
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources The University of Mississippi University Mississippi USA
| | - Matthew R. Pintar
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources The University of Mississippi University Mississippi USA
| | - Tyler M. Breech
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources The University of Mississippi University Mississippi USA
| | - William J. Resetarits
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources The University of Mississippi University Mississippi USA
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2
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Kloskowski J, Nieoczym M. Strong Behavioral Effects of Omnivorous Fish on Amphibian Oviposition Habitat Selection: Potential Consequences for Ecosystem Shifts. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.856258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived predation risk to offspring may have similar ultimate community-level impacts to those of consumptive trophic interactions. The present study investigated the behavioral effects of common carp Cyprinus carpio–an omnivorous fish capable of triggering an ecosystem shift to an algae-dominated state–on anurans, using a natural experiment conducted in a system of fish-stocked ponds. We compared oviposition patterns and larval densities of anurans and abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton in ponds where fish were virtually absent and ponds where common carp was dominant. All studied anuran species bred in fish-poor ponds, while in ponds with high fish densities most of them oviposited infrequently or virtually did not breed. Oviposition habitat selection coupled with fish trophic pressure resulted in diametrically different tadpole densities between fish-poor and fish-dominated ponds. The alimentary tract contents of tadpoles of three locally common anurans, Pelobates fuscus, Hyla orientalis, and Rana temporaria, contained large numbers of unicellular algae, but also significant numbers of zooplanktonic grazers. According to stable nitrogen isotope analyses, tadpoles occupied a trophic level similar to a primary consumer, snail Lymnaea stagnalis, indicating that they fed mainly on algae. While total biomass of crustacean zooplankton did not differ between pond types, chlorophyll a concentrations were low in fish-poor ponds compared to fish-dominated ponds and negatively related to total tadpole biomass. Our findings indicate that scarcity of anuran larvae, resulting mainly from the behavioral responses of breeding anurans to fish predation risk, may facilitate algal production, although ecosystem shifts in the presence of fish occur along more pathways than a top-down cascade.
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Garig DF, Ennen JR, Davenport JM. The Effects of Common Snapping Turtles on a Freshwater Food Web. COPEIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-19-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin F. Garig
- Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63701
| | - Joshua R. Ennen
- Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37405
| | - Jon M. Davenport
- Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63701
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4
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Davenport JM, King AB, Riley AW, Hampson ME, Constantinides P. The non‐consumptive effects of predators and personality on prey growth and mortality. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Davenport
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alexis B. King
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alex W. Riley
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Maria E. Hampson
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
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5
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Pintar MR, Resetarits WJ. Larval Development Varies Across Pond Age and Larval Density in Cope's Gray Treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis. HERPETOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-17-00027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Pintar
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - William J. Resetarits
- Department of Biology and Center for Water and Wetlands Resources, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Davenport JM, Seiwert PA, Fishback L, Cash WB. The Interactive Effects of Fish Predation and Conspecific Density on Survival and Growth of Tadpoles ofRana sylvaticain a Subarctic Wetland. COPEIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-15-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Egg Hypoxia Decreases Posthatching Survival and Delays Metamorphosis inAmbystoma maculatum(Spotted Salamander). J HERPETOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1670/14-043r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Troyer RR, Turner AM. Chemosensory Perception of Predators by Larval Amphibians Depends on Water Quality. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131516. [PMID: 26114749 PMCID: PMC4482611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of sensory information by animals is central to species interactions. In aquatic environments, most taxa use chemical cues to assess predation risk and other key ecological factors. A number of laboratory studies suggest that anthropogenic pollutants can disrupt chemoreception, even when at low, non-toxic concentrations, but there are few tests of whether real-world variation in water quality affects chemoreception. Here we investigate whether chemosensory perception of predators by the gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor, depends on water quality. We evaluated the anti-predator response of anuran tadpoles housed in water collected from three sites that represent strong contrasts in the concentration and types of dissolved solids: de-chlorinated tap water, water from an impaired stream, and treated wastewater effluent. Behavioral assays were conducted in laboratory aquaria. Chemical cues associated with predation were generated by feeding tadpoles to dragonfly predators held in containers, and then transferring aliquots of water from dragonfly containers to experimental aquaria. Tadpoles housed in tap water responded to predator cues with an activity reduction of 49%. Tadpoles housed in stream water and wastewater effluent responded to predator cues by reducing activity by 29% and 24% respectively. The results of factorial ANOVA support the hypothesis that the response to predator cues depended on water type. These results show that alteration of the chemical environment can mediate chemical perception of predators in aquatic ecosystems. Because most aquatic species rely on chemoreception to gather information on the location of food and predators, any impairment of sensory perception likely has important ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R. Troyer
- Department of Biology, Clarion University, Clarion, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Turner
- Department of Biology, Clarion University, Clarion, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Amoroso N, Chalcraft DR. Duration of colonization and interactions between early and late colonists determine the effects of patch colonization history on patch biodiversity. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Amoroso
- Dept of Biology and Center for Biodiversity; East Carolina Univ.; Greenville NC 27858 USA
| | - David R. Chalcraft
- Dept of Biology and Center for Biodiversity; East Carolina Univ.; Greenville NC 27858 USA
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Shearman RM, Maglia AM. Osteological development of Cope's Gray Treefrog,Hyla chrysoscelis. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Shearman
- Department of Biology; Framingham State University; 100 State St. Framingham MA 01701 USA
| | - Anne M. Maglia
- Department of Biology; Framingham State University; 100 State St. Framingham MA 01701 USA
- Division of Biological Infrastructure; Rm 615; US National Science Foundation; 4201 Wilson Blvd Arlington VA 22230 USA
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Davenport J, Seiwert P, Fishback L, Cash W. The effects of two fish predators on Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles in a subarctic wetland: Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish can have strong predatory impacts on aquatic food webs. Indeed, fish are known to have strong effects on amphibians, with some species being excluded from communities where fish are present. Most research with amphibians and fish has focused on lower latitudes and very little is known of amphibian–fish interactions at higher latitudes. Therefore, we conducted an enclosure experiment in a subarctic natural wetland to examine the predatory effects of two species of fish, brook sticklebacks (Culaea inconstans (Cuvier, 1829)) and ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius (L., 1758)), on the survival and growth of Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)). We found no significant difference in survival and size at metamorphosis among the two fish species treatments and fish-free treatments. We found that individuals from fish-free treatments metamorphosed earlier than those from either fish species present treatment. Our work suggests that stickleback fish predation may not have a major impact on Wood Frog tadpole survival and growth in a subarctic wetland. Sticklebacks may still have an impact on earlier developmental stages of Wood Frogs. This work begins to fill an important gap in potential factors that may impact larval amphibian survival and growth at higher latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Davenport
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - P.A. Seiwert
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
| | - L.A. Fishback
- Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Churchill, MB R0B 0E0, Canada
| | - W.B. Cash
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
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El Balaa R, Blouin-Demers G. Does exposure to cues of fish predators fed different diets affect morphology and performance of Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) larvae? CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity allows animals to change their morphological and life-history traits when exposed to predator cues, which modifies performance and can enhance survival but engender costs. Thus, the extent of plastic changes should vary in relation to the perceived risk of predation. We tested the hypothesis that plastic changes in morphology (and their effect on performance) and life history of developing Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)) larvae vary when exposed to cues of fish predators fed different diets. During development, we exposed tadpoles to control cues, cues from brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur, 1819)) fed trout pellets, or cues from A. nebulosus fed L. pipiens tadpoles. Tadpoles exposed to predatory fish cues had smaller bodies, deeper tail fins, slower growth and development rates, and better turning performance than tadpoles that were not exposed to predatory fish cues, but we found limited evidence that the predator’s diet had an effect on phenotypic plasticity. Predator diet affected tail morphology and activity, but the latter effect was only marginally significant. Lithobates pipiens tadpoles clearly respond to predatory fish cues, but it remains unclear whether their response is modulated by the predator’s diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan El Balaa
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gabriel Blouin-Demers
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Railsback SF, Harvey BC. Trait-mediated trophic interactions: is foraging theory keeping up? Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 28:119-25. [PMID: 22995894 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Many ecologists believe that there is a lack of foraging theory that works in community contexts, for populations of unique individuals each making trade-offs between food and risk that are subject to feedbacks from behavior of others. Such theory is necessary to reproduce the trait-mediated trophic interactions now recognized as widespread and strong. Game theory can address feedbacks but does not provide foraging theory for unique individuals in variable environments. 'State- and prediction-based theory' (SPT) is a new approach that combines existing trade-off methods with routine updating: individuals regularly predict future food availability and risk from current conditions to optimize a fitness measure. SPT can reproduce a variety of realistic foraging behaviors and trait-mediated trophic interactions with feedbacks, even when the environment is unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Railsback
- Humboldt State University, Department of Mathematics, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
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14
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Preisser EL, Orrock JL. The allometry of fear: interspecific relationships between body size and response to predation risk. Ecosphere 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/es12-00084.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kraus JM, Vonesh JR. Fluxes of terrestrial and aquatic carbon by emergent mosquitoes: a test of controls and implications for cross-ecosystem linkages. Oecologia 2012; 170:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Kershenbaum A, Spencer M, Blaustein L, Cohen JE. Modelling evolutionarily stable strategies in oviposition site selection, with varying risks of predation and intraspecific competition. Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marleau JN, Guichard F, Mallard F, Loreau M. Nutrient flows between ecosystems can destabilize simple food chains. J Theor Biol 2010; 266:162-74. [PMID: 20600133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal of organisms has large effects on the dynamics and stability of populations and communities. However, current metacommunity theory largely ignores how the flows of limiting nutrients across ecosystems can influence communities. We studied a meta-ecosystem model where two autotroph-consumer communities are spatially coupled through the diffusion of the limiting nutrient. We analyzed regional and local stability, as well as spatial and temporal synchrony to elucidate the impacts of nutrient recycling and diffusion on trophic dynamics. We show that nutrient diffusion is capable of inducing asynchronous local destabilization of biotic compartments through a diffusion-induced spatiotemporal bifurcation. Nutrient recycling interacts with nutrient diffusion and influences the susceptibility of the meta-ecosystem to diffusion-induced instabilities. This interaction between nutrient recycling and transport is further shown to depend on ecosystem enrichment. It more generally emphasizes the importance of meta-ecosystem theory for predicting species persistence and distribution in managed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Marleau
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 ave Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1B1.
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Increased Larval Density Induces Accelerated Metamorphosis Independently of Growth Rate in the Frog Rana sphenocephala. J HERPETOL 2008; 43:551-554. [PMID: 29276310 DOI: 10.1670/08-060r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We grew larval Rana sphenocephala at different densities but maintained equal mean growth rates among density treatments (via equal per capita food levels) to test the hypothesis that larval density can influence metamorphic timing independently of larval growth rate. Tadpoles at high density metamorphosed earlier than tadpoles at low density despite growing at similar rates. Food reductions did not accelerate metamorphosis. These results support the hypothesis that density can be a sufficient cue to initiate metamorphosis independently of growth rate.
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RAMÍREZ CC, LAVANDERO B, ARCHETTI M. Coevolution and the adaptive value of autumn tree colours: colour preference and growth rates of a southern beech aphid. J Evol Biol 2007; 21:49-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Relyea RA. Getting out alive: how predators affect the decision to metamorphose. Oecologia 2007; 152:389-400. [PMID: 17356812 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphosis has intrigued biologists for a long time as an extreme form of complex life cycles that are ubiquitous in animals. While investigated from a variety of perspectives, the ecological focus has been on identifying and understanding the ecological factors that affect an individual's decision on when, and at what size, to metamorphose. Predation is a major factor that affects metamorphic decisions and a recent review by Benard (Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:651-673, 2004)) documented how predator cues induce metamorphic changes relative to model predictions. Importantly, however, real predators affect larval prey via several mechanisms beyond simple induction. In this paper, I contrast the leading models of metamorphosis, provide an overview of the multiple ways that predators can directly and indirectly affect larval growth and development (via induction, thinning, and selection), and identify how each process should affect the time to and size at metamorphosis. With this mechanistic foundation established, I then turn to the well-studied model system of larval amphibians to synthesize studies on: (1) caged predators (which cause only induction), and (2) lethal predators (which cause induction, thinning, and selection). Among the caged-predator studies, the chemical cues emitted by predators rarely induce a smaller size at metamorphosis or a shorter time to metamorphosis, which is in direct contrast to theoretical predictions but in agreement with Benard's (Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:651-673, 2004) review based on a considerably smaller dataset. Among the lethal-predator studies, there is a diversity of outcomes depending upon the relative importance of induction versus thinning with the relative importance of the two processes appearing to change with larval density. Finally, I review the persistent effects of larval predators after metamorphosis including both phenotypic and fitness effects. At the end, I outline a number of future directions to allow researchers to continue gaining insight into how predators affect the metamorphic decisions of their prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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21
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Bolnick DI, Preisser EL. RESOURCE COMPETITION MODIFIES THE STRENGTH OF TRAIT-MEDIATED PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS: A META-ANALYSIS. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/04-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chalcraft DR, Binckley CA, Resetarits WJ. EXPERIMENTAL VENUE AND ESTIMATION OF INTERACTION STRENGTH: COMMENT. Ecology 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/04-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vonesh JR. Sequential predator effects across three life stages of the African tree frog, Hyperolius spinigularis. Oecologia 2005; 143:280-90. [PMID: 15657758 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While theoretical studies of the timing of key switch points in complex life cycles such as hatching and metamorphosis have stressed the importance of considering multiple stages, most empirical work has focused on a single life stage. However, the relationship between the fitness components of different life stages may be complex. Ontogenetic switch points such as hatching and metamorphosis do not represent new beginnings--carryover effects across stages can arise when environmental effects on the density and/or traits of early ontogenetic stages subsequently alter mortality or growth in later stages. In this study, I examine the effects of egg- and larval-stage predators on larval performance, size at metamorphosis, and post-metamorphic predation in the African tree frog Hyperolius spinigularis. I monitored the density and survival of arboreal H. spinigularis clutches in the field to estimate how much egg-stage predation reduced the input of tadpoles into the pond. I then conducted experiments to determine: (1) how reductions in initial larval density due to egg predators affect larval survival and mass and age at metamorphosis in the presence and absence of aquatic larval predators, dragonfly larvae, and (2) how differences in mass or age at metamorphosis arising from predation in the embryonic and larval environments affect encounters with post-metamorphic predators, fishing spiders. Reduction in larval densities due to egg predation tended to increase per capita larval survival, decrease larval duration and increase mass at metamorphosis. Larval predators decreased larval survival and had density-dependent effects on larval duration and mass at metamorphosis. The combined effects of embryonic and larval-stage predators increased mass at metamorphosis of survivors by 91%. Larger mass at metamorphosis may have immediate fitness benefits, as larger metamorphs had higher survival in encounters with fishing spiders. Thus, the effects of predators early in ontogeny can alter predation risk even two life stages later.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Vonesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, 223 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Rieger JF, Binckley CA, Resetarits WJ. LARVAL PERFORMANCE AND OVIPOSITION SITE PREFERENCE ALONG A PREDATION GRADIENT. Ecology 2004. [DOI: 10.1890/04-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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