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Yao JW, Huang XY, Lin YH, Liu CG, Bai FW. Online monitoring lignocellulosic particles by focus beam reflectance measurement for efficient bioprocessing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131053. [PMID: 38944318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulose presents a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Monitoring the mass and size changes of lignocellulosic particles without disrupting the process can assist in adjusting pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, where conventional sieving methods fall short. A method utilizing focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) was developed to establish mathematical correlations between FBRM chord information (chord length and count) and particle characteristics (weight and size) quantified through sieving. Results indicate particle size exhibits a linear correlation with the square weighted median chord length (Lsqr) with R2 at 0.93. Further, real-time bulk particle mass can be predicted using Lsqr and chord count (R2 0.98). These correlations are applicable in range 53 μm to 358.5 μm. Real-time monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalks has demonstrated the practical applicability of FBRM. This study introduces a novel approach for online characterization of lignocellulosic particles, thereby enhancing lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yen-Han Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Feng-Wu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Jankovic MG, Stojkovic M, Bojic S, Jovicic N, Kovacevic MM, Ivosevic Z, Juskovic A, Kovacevic V, Ljujic B. Scaling up human mesenchymal stem cell manufacturing using bioreactors for clinical uses. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103393. [PMID: 37163885 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells and an attractive therapeutic agent in regenerative medicine and intensive clinical research. Despite the great potential, the limitation that needs to be overcome is the necessity of ex vivo expansion because of insufficient number of hMSCs presented within adult organs and the high doses required for a transplantation. As a result, numerous research studies aim to provide novel expansion methods in order to achieve appropriate numbers of cells with preserved therapeutic quality. Bioreactor-based cell expansion provide high-level production of hMSCs in accordance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) and quality standards. This review summarizes current knowledge about the hMSCs manufacturing platforms with a main focus to the application of bioreactors for large-scale production of GMP-grade hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic Jankovic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia.
| | | | - Sanja Bojic
- Newcastle University, School of Computing, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Ivosevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Juskovic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, 81110 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vojin Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Serbia
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Bergin A, Carvell J, Butler M. Applications of bio-capacitance to cell culture manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu S, Li YS, Wang XL. A flow-injection system exploiting focused beam reflectance applied to the determination of high concentrations of sulfate. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1147-1153. [PMID: 33576362 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the grain size and particle number formed in a non-equilibrium flow mixing state, flow-injection analysis (FIA) was combined with focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). The influence of BaCl2, PEG-4000, ethanol, flowrate, temperature and acidity on the dynamic formation of BaSO4 particles was evaluated. Optimization parameters obtained were 5% BaCl2 as the reagent, 2% PEG-4000 + 6% ethanol as the stabilizer and 0.3 mol L-1 HCl as the carrier with 4 ml min-1 flowrate, and the BaSO4 particle size distribution in the system was in the 1-50 μm range. Under optimized conditions, the system was successfully used for the determination of high sulfate concentrations in the wet-process phosphoric acid process in the 3.2-48 g L-1 (Sct = 55c + 208, r = 0.998, n = 3) range for SO42-. The relative standard deviation was less than 1.86% (n = 11), the detection limit was 0.95 g L-1, the sample throughput reached 30 samples per h, recovery data were within the 97-106% range, and the results were consistent with those of gravimetry (RD < 3%). The system avoids the large error caused by high dilution and the slow analysis speed when measuring high sulfate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Khanal O, Lenhoff AM. Developments and opportunities in continuous biopharmaceutical manufacturing. MAbs 2021; 13:1903664. [PMID: 33843449 PMCID: PMC8043180 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1903664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today's biologics manufacturing practices incur high costs to the drug makers, which can contribute to high prices for patients. Timely investment in the development and implementation of continuous biomanufacturing can increase the production of consistent-quality drugs at a lower cost and a faster pace, to meet growing demand. Efficient use of equipment, manufacturing footprint, and labor also offer the potential to improve drug accessibility. Although technological efforts enabling continuous biomanufacturing have commenced, challenges remain in the integration, monitoring, and control of traditionally segmented unit operations. Here, we discuss recent developments supporting the implementation of continuous biomanufacturing, along with their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Khanal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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Azevedo GD, Pinto JCCDS. Particle size distributions of P(VAc-co-MMA) beads produced through nonconventional suspension copolymerizations II. Use of focused beam reflectance measurements for in-line monitoring of chord size distributions. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turbidimetry and Dielectric Spectroscopy as Process Analytical Technologies for Mammalian and Insect Cell Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2095:335-364. [PMID: 31858478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceuticals in cell culture involves stringent controls to ensure product safety and quality. To meet these requirements, quality by design principles must be applied during the development of cell culture processes so that quality is built into the product by understanding the manufacturing process. One key aspect is process analytical technology, in which comprehensive online monitoring is used to identify and control critical process parameters that affect critical quality attributes such as the product titer and purity. The application of industry-ready technologies such as turbidimetry and dielectric spectroscopy provides a deeper understanding of biological processes within the bioreactor and allows the physiological status of the cells to be monitored on a continuous basis. This in turn enables selective and targeted process controls to respond in an appropriate manner to process disturbances. This chapter outlines the principles of online dielectric spectroscopy and turbidimetry for the measurement of optical density as applied to mammalian and insect cells cultivated in stirred-tank bioreactors either in suspension or as adherent cells on microcarriers.
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Gustavsson R, Mandenius CF, Löfgren S, Scheper T, Lindner P. In situ microscopy as online tool for detecting microbial contaminations in cell culture. J Biotechnol 2019; 296:53-60. [PMID: 30898686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contamination in mammalian cell cultures causing rejected batches is costly and highly unwanted. Most methods for detecting a contamination are time-consuming and require extensive off-line sampling. To circumvent these efforts and provide a more convenient alternative, we used an online in situ microscope to estimate the cell diameter of the cellular species in the culture to distinguish mammalian cells from microbial cells depending on their size. A warning system was set up to alert the operator if microbial cells were present in the culture. Hybridoma cells were cultured and infected with either Candida utilis or Pichia stipitis as contaminant. The warning system could successfully detect the introduced contamination and alert the operator. The results suggest that in situ microscopy could be used as an efficient online tool for early detection of contaminations in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gustavsson
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C F Mandenius
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - S Löfgren
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hanover, Germany
| | - P Lindner
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hanover, Germany
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Dave K, Luner PE, Forness C, Baker D, Jankovsky C, Chen S. Feasibility of Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM) for Analysis of Pharmaceutical Suspensions in Preclinical Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 28639177 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the use of focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical suspensions with particular application to toxicology supply preparations for use in preclinical studies. Aqueous suspensions of ibuprofen were used as prototype formulations. Initial experiments were conducted to examine the effects of operational conditions including FBRM probe angle, probe location, and mixing (method and rate of mixing) on the FBRM analysis. Once experimental conditions were optimized, the homogeneity and sedimentation-redispersion of particles in the suspensions were assessed. Ibuprofen suspension under continuous agitation was monitored using FBRM for 60 h to study particle size change over time. Another study was performed to determine if particle count rates obtained by FBRM could be correlated to suspension concentration. The location and the angle of the FBRM probe relative to the beaker contents, and the rate and the method of mixing the suspension were found to be sensitive parameters during FBRM analysis. FBRM was able to monitor the process of particle sedimentation in the suspension. The attrition of ibuprofen particles was detectable by FBRM during prolonged stirring with an increase in the number of smaller particles and decrease in the number of larger particles. A strong correlation was observed between particle count rate by FBRM and ibuprofen concentration in the suspension. Also, change in content uniformity in the suspension at different locations of the beaker was represented by FBRM particle count. Overall, FBRM has potential to be a useful tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical suspensions.
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Yang X, Acevedo D, Mohammad A, Pavurala N, Wu H, Brayton AL, Shaw RA, Goldman MJ, He F, Li S, Fisher RJ, O’Connor TF, Cruz CN. Risk Considerations on Developing a Continuous Crystallization System for Carbamazepine. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Yang
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - David Acevedo
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Adil Mohammad
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Naresh Pavurala
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Huiquan Wu
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Alex L. Brayton
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shaw
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Mark J. Goldman
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Fan He
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Shuaili Li
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Robert J. Fisher
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Thomas F. O’Connor
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Celia N. Cruz
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
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Lemoine A, Delvigne F, Bockisch A, Neubauer P, Junne S. Tools for the determination of population heterogeneity caused by inhomogeneous cultivation conditions. J Biotechnol 2017; 251:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Poblete IB, Castor CA, Nele M, Pinto JC. On-line monitoring of chord distributions in liquid-liquid dispersions and suspension polymerizations by using the focused beam reflectance measurement technique. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Bernardo Poblete
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Castor
- Programa de Engenharia Química/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
| | - Marcio Nele
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Programa de Engenharia Química/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro 21941-972 Brazil
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Chen Z, Peng J, Ge L, Xu Z. Demulsifying water-in-oil emulsions by ethyl cellulose demulsifiers studied using focused beam reflectance measurement. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Craven S, Whelan J. Process Analytical Technology and Quality-by-Design for Animal Cell Culture. CELL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10320-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Scheler S. Ray tracing as a supportive tool for interpretation of FBRM signals from spherical particles. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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