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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Yao L, Fu H, Bai L, Deng W, Xie F, Li Y, Zhang R, Xu X, Wang T, Lai S, Wang J. Saliva nitrite is higher in male children with autism spectrum disorder and positively correlated with serum nitrate. Redox Rep 2021; 26:124-133. [PMID: 34323675 PMCID: PMC8330712 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1959133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in neurological development. As an easily accessible and non-invasive fluid, saliva hasn't been evaluated for nitrite among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to quantify saliva nitrite and explore its relation with serum NO. METHODS Saliva sampling and pretreatment methods were optimized, followed by NO measurement via chemiluminescence for 126 ASD children and 129 normally developing children (ND). RESULTS In the ASD group, saliva nitrite was significantly higher than that in the ND, with concentrations of 4.97 ± 3.77 μM and 2.66 ± 2.07 μM (p < 0.0001), respectively. Positive correlation was observed between saliva NO2- and serum NO3- in ASD children, which didn't exist in the ND group. Male children in the ASD group had significantly higher NO than that in boys of the ND group, without significant difference between girls in both groups. Correlation was not found between saliva or serum NO and severity of these ASD children. DISCUSSION It is reported for the first time that saliva nitrite was positively correlated with serum nitrate in ASD children, with significantly higher NO only in autistic boys. Non-invasive saliva might serve as a predictor of health status of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yao
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Fu
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Bai
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Child Health Care, Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic effects of SGLT2 inhibition on blood pressure in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1679-1683. [PMID: 31336541 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing worldwide leading to increased morbidity and mortality through diabetes related microvascular and macrovascular disease. The treatment of hypertension has been shown to be a major therapeutic intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular events and other diabetes related complications in diabetes. Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) are newly introduced anti-diabetes drugs that lower blood glucose by the inhibition of glucose reuptake and the induction of glycosuria. However, there is increasing evidence showing their cardiovascular benefit beyond the improvement of glycemic control. Here we review the latest findings on the effect of SGLT2i on blood pressure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Carlström M. Hydronephrosis and risk of later development of hypertension. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:50-57. [PMID: 29959876 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Congenital ureteral obstruction is a fairly common condition in infants, and its clinical management has been long debated during the last decade. The long-term physiological consequences of today's conservative non-surgical management in many asymptomatic hydronephrotic children are unclear. METHODS Experimental studies in rats and mice, retrospective studies in children and adults, as well as prospective studies in children are included in this mini review. RESULTS Experimental models of hydronephrosis in rats and mice have demonstrated that partial ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is casually linked with development of hypertension and renal injuries in later life. The mechanisms are multifactorial and involve increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in the affected kidney appear to play important roles in the development and maintenance of hypertension. Clinical case reports in adults and recent prospective studies in children have associated hydronephrosis with elevated blood pressure, which could be reduced by surgical management of the obstruction. CONCLUSION Based on current experimental and clinical knowledge regarding the link between partial UPJO and changes in blood pressure, it is proposed that today's non-operative management of hydronephrosis should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of developing elevated blood pressure or hypertension in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Al-Mashhadi A, Häggman M, Läckgren G, Ladjevardi S, Nevéus T, Stenberg A, Persson AEG, Carlström M. Changes of arterial pressure following relief of obstruction in adults with hydronephrosis. Ups J Med Sci 2018; 123:216-224. [PMID: 30293474 PMCID: PMC6327611 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1521890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As much as 20% of all cases of hypertension are associated with kidney malfunctions. We have previously demonstrated in animals and in pediatric patients that hydronephrosis causes hypertension, which was attenuated by surgical relief of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate: (1) the proposed link between hydronephrosis, due to UPJ obstruction, and elevated arterial pressure in adults; and (2) if elevated blood pressure in patients with hydronephrosis might be another indication for surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 212 patients undergoing surgical management of hydronephrosis, due to UPJ obstruction, between 2000 and 2016 were assessed. After excluding patients with confounding conditions and treatments, paired arterial pressures (i.e. before/after surgery) were compared in 49 patients (35 years old; 95% CI 29-39). Split renal function was evaluated by using mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renography before surgical management of the hydronephrotic kidney. RESULTS Systolic (-11 mmHg; 95% CI 6-15 mmHg), diastolic (-8 mmHg; 95% CI 4-11 mmHg), and mean arterial (-9 mmHg; 95% CI 6-12) pressures were significantly reduced after relief of the obstruction (p < 0.001). Split renal function of the hydronephrotic kidney was 39% (95% CI 37-41). No correlations were found between MAG3 and blood pressure level before surgery or between MAG3 and the reduction of blood pressure after surgical management of the UPJ obstruction. CONCLUSIONS In adults with hydronephrosis, blood pressure was reduced following relief of the obstruction. Our findings suggest that elevated arterial pressure should be taken into account as an indication to surgically correct hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Mashhadi
- a Pediatric Surgery Section, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Michael Häggman
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Göran Läckgren
- a Pediatric Surgery Section, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sam Ladjevardi
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tryggve Nevéus
- c Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Arne Stenberg
- a Pediatric Surgery Section, Department of Women's and Children's Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - A Erik G Persson
- d Department Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- e Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Zachar R, Al-Mashhadi A, Dimke H, Svenningsen P, Jensen BL, Carlström M. Hydronephrosis is associated with elevated plasmin in urine in pediatric patients and rats and changes in NCC and γ-ENaC abundance in rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F547-F557. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00635.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstruction of urine flow at the level of the pelvo-ureteric junction (UPJO) and subsequent development of hydronephrosis is one of the most common congenital renal malformations. UPJO is associated with development of salt-sensitive hypertension, which is set by the obstructed kidney, and with a stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in rodent models. This study aimed at investigating the hypothesis that 1) in pediatric patients with UPJO the RAAS is activated before surgical relief of the obstruction; 2) in rats with UPJO the RAAS activation is reflected by increased abundance of renal aldosterone-stimulated Na transporters; and 3) the injured UPJO kidney allows aberrant filtration of plasminogen, leading to proteolytic activation of the epithelial Na channel γ-subunit (γ-ENaC). Hydronephrosis resulting from UPJO in pediatric patients and rats was associated with increased urinary plasminogen-to-creatinine ratio. In pediatric patients, plasma renin, angiotensin II, urine and plasma aldosterone, and urine soluble prorenin receptor did not differ significantly before or after surgery, or compared with controls. Increased plasmin-to-plasminogen ratio was seen in UPJO rats. Intact γ-ENaC abundance was not changed in UPJO kidney, whereas low-molecular cleavage product abundance increased. The Na-Cl cotransporter displayed significantly lower abundance in the UPJO kidney compared with the nonobstructed contralateral kidney. The Na-K-ATPase α-subunit was unaltered. Treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (8 days, captopril) significantly lowered blood pressure in UPJO rats. It is concluded that the RAAS contributes to hypertension following partial obstruction of urine flow at the pelvo-ureteric junction with potential contribution from proteolytic activation of ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Zachar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ammar Al-Mashhadi
- Pediatric Surgery Section, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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