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Xue C, Zhu S, Li Y, Chen X, Lu L, Su P, Zhang Q, Liu X, Guan R, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Tang S, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang W, Lu H, Luo W. Cold exposure accelerates lysine catabolism to promote cold acclimation via remodeling hepatic histone crotonylation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 192:109015. [PMID: 39312841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold environments pose serious threats on human health, with increased risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, frostbite, and hypothermia. Acquired cold acclimation is required to minimize cold-induced injures and to improve metabolic health. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify critical amino acids involved in cold acclimation and unmask the regulatory mechanisms. METHODS A total of twenty male participants were recruited and followed up after 3 months' natural cold exposure. Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) tests and clinical biochemical analysis were performed at baseline and after 3-months cold exposure, whilst blood samples were collected, and plasma amino acids were analyzed by targeted metabolomics. To further confirm the effect of lysine on cold tolerance and explain the latent mechanism, mice were challenged with chronic cold exposure for 7 days with lysine supplement, then core and local surface temperature as well as thermogenesis activity were detected. RESULTS Continuous cold exposure shortened the CIVD onset time and increased the average finger temperature. Levels of the plasma lysine and glycine were decreased in both humans and mice. Venn analysis from three datasets revealed that lysine was the only significantly changed plasma amino acid, which strongly correlated with the altered CIVD. Moreover, mice sustained a relatively higher core temperature and surface temperature in the back, tail and paws upon lysine supplementation. Furthermore, lysine supplementation increased the level of histone H3K18cr and promoted the gene and protein expression of Cpt1a, Cpt2 and Cyp27a1 in liver. CONCLUSION Our work identified lysine as a critical amino acid for the remodeling of hepatic histone crotonylation that facilitates cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Sijin Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinqin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zongcai Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Mun S, Yoo J, Lee S, Yim MH, Kim S, Kim D, Kim MJ, Lee Y, Park JH. Resting energy expenditure differs among individuals with different levels of perceived thermal sensitivity: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38293. [PMID: 38787987 PMCID: PMC11124673 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rate has been used in thermophysiological models for predicting the thermal response of humans. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between an individual's trait-like thermal sensitivity and resting energy expenditure (REE), which resulted in inconsistent results. This study aimed to explore the association between REE and perceived thermal sensitivity. The REE of healthy adults was measured using an indirect calorimeter, and perceived thermal intolerance and sensation in the body were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. In total, 1567 individuals were included in the analysis (women = 68.9%, age = 41.1 ± 13.2 years, body mass index = 23.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2, REE = 1532.1 ± 362.4 kcal/d). More women had high cold intolerance (31.8%) than men (12.7%), and more men had high heat intolerance (23.6%) than women (16.1%). In contrast, more women experienced both cold (53.8%) and heat (40.6%) sensations in the body than men (cold, 29.1%; heat, 27.9%). After adjusting for age, fat-free mass, and fat mass, lower cold intolerance, higher heat intolerance, and heat sensation were associated with increased REE only in men (cold intolerance, P for trend = .001; heat intolerance, P for trend = .037; heat sensation, P = .046), whereas cold sensation was associated with decreased REE only in women (P = .023). These findings suggest a link between the perceived thermal sensitivity and REE levels in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Mun
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Yoo
- Department of Health Care Policy, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyeok Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, R&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseop Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Mun S, Park K, Lee S. Evaluation of thermal sensitivity is of potential clinical utility for the predictive, preventive, and personalized approach advancing metabolic syndrome management. EPMA J 2022; 13:125-135. [PMID: 35265229 PMCID: PMC8897525 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A possible association between metabolic disorders and ambient temperature has been suggested, and cold exposure as a way of increasing energy expenditure has gained considerable interest for preventative/therapeutic measures toward metabolic disorders. Although thermal sensitivity, which has recently been studied in regard to its utility as a risk assessment/patient stratification for various diseases, might influence physiological responses to ambient temperature on an individual basis, more studies are needed. We aimed to investigate the association between self-identified thermal intolerance/sensation and metabolic syndrome (MetS) to verify the working hypothesis that individuals with altered thermal sensitivity may have a predisposition to MetS. We fitted generalized additive models for thermal intolerance/sensation using body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio in women, and identified those with higher/lower thermal intolerance/sensation than those predicted by the models. Higher heat intolerance, higher heat sensation, and lower cold intolerance were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS. The risk of having MetS was increased in those who had two or three associated conditions compared with those with none of these conditions. In an analysis for MetS components, significant associations of thermal sensitivity were present with high glucose, triglyceride, and blood pressure levels. Overall, higher heat intolerance/sensation and lower cold intolerance were associated with increased prevalence of MetS even at a similar level of obesity. Our study indicates that evaluation of thermal sensitivity may help identify individuals at high risk for MetS, and lead to more advanced patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies for MetS, including cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Yurkevicius BR, Alba BK, Seeley AD, Castellani JW. Human cold habituation: Physiology, timeline, and modifiers. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 9:122-157. [PMID: 36106151 PMCID: PMC9467574 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1903145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Habituation is an adaptation seen in many organisms, defined by a reduction in the response to repeated stimuli. Evolutionarily, habituation is thought to benefit the organism by allowing conservation of metabolic resources otherwise spent on sub-lethal provocations including repeated cold exposure. Hypermetabolic and/or insulative adaptations may occur after prolonged and severe cold exposures, resulting in enhanced cold defense mechanisms such as increased thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction, respectively. Habituation occurs prior to these adaptations in response to short duration mild cold exposures, and, perhaps counterintuitively, elicits a reduction in cold defense mechanisms demonstrated through higher skin temperatures, attenuated shivering, and reduced cold sensations. These habituated responses likely serve to preserve peripheral tissue temperature and conserve energy during non-life threatening cold stress. The purpose of this review is to define habituation in general terms, present evidence for the response in non-human species, and provide an up-to-date, critical examination of past studies and the potential physiological mechanisms underlying human cold habituation. Our aim is to stimulate interest in this area of study and promote further experiments to understand this physiological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau R. Yurkevicius
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Billie K. Alba
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Afton D. Seeley
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - John W. Castellani
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
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Sullivan-Kwantes W, Moes K, Limmer R, Goodman L. Finger cold-induced vasodilation test does not predict subsequent cold injuries: A lesson from the 2018 Canadian Forces Exercise. Temperature (Austin) 2019; 6:142-149. [PMID: 31286025 PMCID: PMC6601413 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1574200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) test was administered to 113 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) soldiers (age 25.6 ± 6 yrs) during pre-deployment to a Canadian Arctic training exercise. The incidence and rates/types of subsequent peripheral cold injuries, as well as the relationship of CIVD responses against other hypothesized/reported risk factors (smoking, gender, age, ethnicity and prior cold injury), were analyzed. Although there was a wide range of CIVD RIF (resistance index to frostbite) scores (mean = 5.0 ± 1.5), there were no systematic relationships between RIF and injury type/location and rate, and the other risk factors analyzed. The absence of physiological links to cold injury occurrence suggests that in a military cold deployment setting, other factors are in play, which might include clothing, training, leadership and doctrine. These factors should be examined in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Sullivan-Kwantes
- Department of National Defence, Toronto Research Centre, Research and Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katy Moes
- Department of National Defence, Toronto Research Centre, Research and Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Limmer
- Department of National Defence, Toronto Research Centre, Research and Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Len Goodman
- Department of National Defence, Toronto Research Centre, Research and Development, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim S, Lee JY. L-Menthol attenuates the magnitude of cold-induced vasodilation on the extremities of young females. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:14. [PMID: 29739454 PMCID: PMC5941682 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Menthol chemically triggers cold-sensitive receptors in the skin without conductive skin cooling. We investigated the effects of menthol-induced activation of cutaneous cold receptors on the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) of the finger. We hypothesized that the menthol application would attenuate typical CIVD responses. Methods 1.5% l-menthol was fully applied over the left hand and forearm, and then, the middle finger of the left hand was immersed into 4 °C water for 30 min. A trial consisted of 10-min rest followed by 30-min immersion and 20-min recovery in 28 °C air temperature with 20% relative humidity. Another trial without the menthol application was carried out as a control. Seventeen females (24.2 ± 2.6 years in age, 160.5 ± 5.1 cm in height, and 51.2 ± 5.7 kg in body weight) participated in the two trials. Results The results showed that the maximum and average temperatures of the finger during the water immersion were lower in the menthol application when compared to control (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences appeared in the onset time of CIVD, the frequency of CIVD, and minimum finger temperature. These results imply that stronger stimulation of cold receptors without additional conductive skin cooling did not attenuate the triggering of CIVD responses but intensified vasoconstriction after the first occurrence of CIVD. Conclusion It is suggested that substantial and conductive heat loss through the skin along with activation of cold receptors may be required to retain rewarming at a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Kim
- COM:FORT Laboratory, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- COM:FORT Laboratory, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jung D, Kim D, Park J, Lee JY. Greater body mass index is related to greater self-identified cold tolerance and greater insensible body mass loss. J Physiol Anthropol 2016; 35:16. [PMID: 27549993 PMCID: PMC4994159 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-016-0105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insensible body mass loss (IBL) from the human body continuously occurs, which is an important component in body heat exchange. The purpose of this study was to examine the relevance of IBL to anthropometric characteristics and self-identified thermal tolerance. METHODS A total of 289 healthy young Korean males were chosen and sorted into the following three groups: heat tolerable only (HTO, N = 79), cold tolerable only (CTO, N = 104), neither heat nor cold tolerable (NHC, N = 106). They weighed before and after a 30-min rest under lightly clothed condition at an air temperature of 23 ± 1 °C with a relative humidity 55 ± 5 %RH. RESULTS (1) The IBL of 289 males had a mean of 90 ± 75 g h(-1) (48 ± 40 g h(-1) m(-2)); (2) No significant difference in IBL among the three groups were found; (3) Significant differences in body weight and body mass index (BMI) among three groups were found (P < 0.05), but insignificance was found for height (P = 0.726) or body surface area (P = 0.059); (4) CTO was approximately 4.1 kg heavier in body weight (P < 0.05) and higher in BMI (P < 0.01) than in HTO; (5) Only for the group CTO, IBL (g h(-1)) showed a positive relationship to BMI (P < 0.05, R (2) = 0.056), but there was no relationship between IBL and body surface area. CONCLUSIONS For healthy young males within normal anthropometric ranges in Korea, IBL was positively related to BMI, and individuals with greater BMI showed greater self-identified cold tolerance, but no direct relationship was found between IBL and self-identified cold tolerance. This suggests that body physique (e.g., BMI) could be an explanatory factor between insensible body heat loss and subjective cognition on cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Jung
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dami Kim
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonhee Park
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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