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Sousa P, Bertani L, Rodrigues C. Management of inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly: A review. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1001-1009. [PMID: 36681569 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, with a particular increase in the prevalence in the elderly population, due to the ageing of young-onset IBD as well as to the increasing incidence in elderly patients. Elderly IBD patients present specific challenges to the treating physician, as they have comorbidities, lower functional reserves, and higher risk of treatment-related complications. The diagnosis of IBD in the elderly may be difficult due to a more subtle disease presentation and to a wide range of differential diagnosis. Moreover, as these patients are often excluded from clinical trials, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to inform on the most appropriate management. Despite an increasing prevalence, the management of IBD in the elderly is still hindered by frequent misconceptions by physicians treating these patients. Due to a erroneous notion of a milder disease course and fear of adverse events, elderly IBD-patients are managed with frequent and continuous use of steroids and undertreated with effective medical therapies. In this review, we describe the principles of management of IBD in the elderly, which is a topic of increasing importance to IBD clinics, that will have to progressively adapt to care for an ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sousa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Viseu Unit, Tondela-Viseu Hospital Centre, Viseu 3504-509, Portugal.
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Tuscany North West ASL, Pontedera Hospital, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Cláudio Rodrigues
- Department of Gastroenterology, Viseu Unit, Tondela-Viseu Hospital Centre, Viseu 3504-509, Portugal
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2
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Conceição D, Saraiva MR, Rosa I, Claro I. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment in Cancer Patients-A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3130. [PMID: 37370740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease for which medical treatment with immunomodulating drugs is increasingly used earlier to prevent disability. Additionally, cancer occurrence in IBD patients is increased for several reasons, either IBD-related or therapy-associated. Doctors are therefore facing the challenge of managing patients with IBD and a past or current malignancy and the need to balance the risk of cancer recurrence associated with immunosuppressive drugs with the potential worsening of IBD activity if they are withdrawn. This review aims to explore the features of different subtypes of cancer occurring in IBD patients to present current evidence on malignancy recurrence risk associated with IBD medical therapy along with the effects of cancer treatment in IBD and finally to discuss current recommendations on the management of these patients. Due to sparse data, a case-by-case multidisciplinary discussion is advised, including inputs from the gastroenterologist, oncologist, and patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conceição
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida R Saraiva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isadora Rosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Claro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Matsuno T, Mikami T, Hayashi H, Funahashi K, Okazumi S, Hiruta N, Shibuya K, Igarashi Y. Estrogen receptor beta expression in colitis-associated carcinoma in comparison with sporadic colonic tumor: An immunohistochemical study. JGH Open 2023; 7:110-117. [PMID: 36852140 PMCID: PMC9958341 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The rate of ulcerative colitis (UC)-related colorectal cancer (colitis-associated carcinoma) is increasing. Estrogen receptor (ER) beta expression has been studied separately in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and those with colitis-associated carcinoma. However, no study has compared the expression in both of these cancer types. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between colitis-associated carcinoma and ERs and assess whether the expression of ER beta influences cell proliferation. Methods This study included 45 surgically operated colitis-associated carcinomas, 43 high-grade dysplasias, 34 low-grade dysplasias, 36 sporadic colorectal cancers, 44 high-grade adenomas, and 34 low-grade adenomas. ER beta expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Results Colitis-associated carcinoma showed significantly lower ER beta immunoexpression than sporadic colorectal lesions and high- and low-grade dysplasia. In seven colitis-associated carcinoma harboring both intensity score 3 (strong immunoexpression) and score 1 (weak immunoexpression) areas, the correlation among ER beta intensity, Ki-67, and p21 labeling index was assessed; an area with an ER beta intensity score of 3 showed a higher Ki-67 labeling index than that with score 1. In four out of the seven lesions, p21 labeling index was higher in the area of ER beta score 1 than in that of ER beta score 3. Conclusions The data suggest that ER beta expression is an accelerating factor in colorectal tumors. This association may be lower in colitis-associated carcinoma than in sporadic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Matsuno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineToho University Omori Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of PathologyToho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of PathologyYokohama Municipal Citizen's HospitalYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Shinichi Okazumi
- Department of SurgeryToho University Sakura Medical CenterSakuraJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Surgical PathologyToho University Sakura Medical CenterSakuraJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical PathologyToho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Igarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineToho University Omori Medical CenterTokyoJapan
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4
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Weiss A, Buchner AM. Editorial: colorectal cancer in elderly-onset inflammatory bowel disease-what is the risk? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1421-1422. [PMID: 36221162 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Everhov et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17175 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17229
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Weiss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Buchner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Bikbavova GR, Livzan MA, Fedorin MM. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in IBD patients. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022:140-146. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-205-9-140-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is an increased risk of neoplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). The introduction of screening programs, as well as modern advances in therapy and endoscopic technologies, awareness of the risk factors of IBD-associated CRC will contribute to reducing the frequency of this dangerous complication of IBD. The presented review describes epidemiological data on the incidence of IBD-associated CRC, established risk factors for CRC, as well as modern methods of prevention, screening and early diagnosis. Literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar systems by keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, colorectal cancer, risk factors, screening, endoscopy, dysplasia.
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6
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Hashmi SSH, Shady A, Atallah-Vinograd J, Cummings D, Maranino A, Harley J. Young-Onset Colon Cancer: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e29667. [PMID: 36320989 PMCID: PMC9613351 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) which is diagnosed in patients under the age of 50 years is defined as young-onset CRC. There has been a substantial increase in the incidence and mortality of young-onset CRC in the past four decades and the patients have delayed diagnoses leading to the advanced stages of CRC at the time of diagnosis. Here we present a case of a 34-year-old male patient with colon cancer and a literature review on young-onset colon cancer to highlight the age-related disparities in CRC incidence and try to explore the possible causative factors for the rise in incidence and mortality in young patients due to CRC.
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7
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Thanki KK, Johnson P, Higgins EJ, Maskey M, Phillips C, Dash S, Almenas FA, Govar AA, Tian B, Villéger R, Beswick E, Wang R, Szabo C, Chao C, Pinchuk IV, Hellmich MR, Módis K. Deletion of cystathionine-γ-lyase in bone marrow-derived cells promotes colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102417. [PMID: 35933902 PMCID: PMC9357841 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by widespread relapsing inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is one of the most serious complications of a prolonged history of UC. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important physiological mediator of gastrointestinal homeostasis, limiting mucosal inflammation and promoting tissue healing in response to injury. Inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)-dependent H2S production in animal models of UC has been shown to exacerbate colitis and delay tissue repair. It is unknown whether CSE plays a role in CAC, or the downregulation of CSE expression and/or activity promotes CAC development. In humans, we observed a significant decrease in CSE expression in colonic biopsies from patients with UC. Using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of epithelium injury-induced colitis and global CSE KO mouse strain, we demonstrated that CSE is critical in limiting mucosal inflammation and stimulating epithelial cell proliferation in response to injury. In vitro studies showed that CSE activity stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, basal and cytokine-stimulated cell migration, as well as cytokine regulation of transepithelial permeability. In the azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS model of CAC, the loss of CSE expression accelerated both the development and progression of CAC. The increased tumor multiplicity and severity of CAC observed in CSE-KO mice were associated with reduced levels of mucosal IL-10 expression and increased levels of IL-6. Restoring CSE expression in bone marrow (BM) cells of CSE-KO mice through reciprocal BM transplantation raised mucosal IL-10 expression, decreased IL-6 level, and reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci and tumors in AOM/DSS-treated mice. These studies demonstrate that CSE expression in BM cells plays a critical role in suppressing CAC in mice. Furthermore, the data suggest that the inhibitory effects of CSE on the development of CAC are due, in part, to the modulation of mucosal pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan K Thanki
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Paul Johnson
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Edward J Higgins
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Manjit Maskey
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Ches'Nique Phillips
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Swetaleena Dash
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Romain Villéger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Ellen Beswick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Celia Chao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Mark R Hellmich
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Katalin Módis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Marabotto E, Kayali S, Buccilli S, Levo F, Bodini G, Giannini EG, Savarino V, Savarino EV. Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174254. [PMID: 36077786 PMCID: PMC9454776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most serious potential complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The aging of patients affected by IBDs makes this issue a challenge that will increasingly be faced by clinicians in clinical practice, especially in light of the poorer prognosis for CRC in this group of people when compared with the general population. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiology, risk factors and various prevention strategies proposed for CRC in patients with IBDs. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most frequent form of malignancy and the second in terms of mortality. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are recognized risk factors for this type of cancer. Despite a worldwide increase in the incidence of CRC, the risk of CRC-related death in IBD patients has declined over time, probably because of successful surveillance strategies, the use of more effective drugs in the management of remission and improved indications to colectomy. This notwithstanding, CRC 5-year survival in patients with IBD is poorer than in the general population. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features, risk factors and various prevention strategies proposed for CRC in IBD patients. Moreover, there is a special focus on reporting and highlighting the various prevention strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, both in terms of chemoprevention and endoscopic surveillance. Indeed, in conducting the analysis, we have given attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to this topic in order to improve diagnostic strategies and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Kayali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Buccilli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Levo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo G. Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35137 Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
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9
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Ward D, Neumann A, Hendel JW, Riis LB, Tøttrup A, Jess T, Aalykke C. Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology's clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for colorectal dysplasia and cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:457-464. [PMID: 34968157 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.2022191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to produce clinical recommendations for colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology convened a committee to assess the literature on colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases and the effectiveness of colonoscopy surveillance, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine levels of evidence. RESULTS Clinical recommendations for the colonoscopic surveillance for dysplasia and colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases were produced. These guidelines cover the risk stratification, entry, and follow-up of patients in the colonoscopy programme, the choice of image-enhanced colonoscopy modality, the investigation and treatment of lesions, and the management of special patient populations in the colonoscopy programme. CONCLUSIONS Colonoscopic surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer-related mortality. Further evidence regarding the effectiveness of colonoscopic surveillance will contribute to understanding its role in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. The Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology clinical guideline will aid gastroenterologists in the risk stratification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and the management of colorectal lesions. Gastroenterologists must inform and support patients with inflammatory bowel disease to decide whether to participate in the colonoscopic surveillance programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ward
- Centre for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Anders Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Viborg, Viborg, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Buhl Riis
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Tøttrup
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Jess
- Centre for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claus Aalykke
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, OUH Svendborg Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
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Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH. Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Management. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:715-730.e3. [PMID: 34757143 PMCID: PMC9003896 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), despite decreases in CRC incidence in recent years. Chronic inflammation is the driver of neoplastic progression, resulting in dysplastic precursor lesions that may arise in multiple areas of the colon through a process of field cancerization. Colitis-associated CRC shares many molecular similarities with sporadic CRC, and preclinical investigations have demonstrated a potential role for the microbiome in concert with the host immune system in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Some unique molecular differences occur in CAC, but their role in the pathogenesis and behavior of inflammation-associated cancers remains to be elucidated. Nonconventional types of dysplasia have been increasingly recognized, but their natural history is not well defined, and they have not been incorporated into surveillance algorithms. The concept of cumulative inflammatory burden highlights the importance of considering histologic inflammation over time as an important risk factor for CAC. Dysplasia is arguably the most important risk factor for developing CAC, and advances have been made in the endoscopic detection and removal of precancerous lesions, thereby deferring or avoiding surgical resection. Some of the agents used to treat IBD are chemopreventive. It is hoped that by gaining better control of the underlying inflammation with newer medications and better endoscopic detection and management, a more sophisticated appreciation of clinicopathologic risk factors, and growing awareness of the genetic, immunologic, and environmental causes of colitis- associated neoplasia, that colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia will become even more predictable and manageable in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; GI Section, VA San Diego Healthcare Center, San Diego, California
| | - Steven H Itzkowitz
- The Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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11
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He DG, Chen XJ, Huang JN, Chen JG, Lv MY, Huang TZ, Lan P, He XS. Increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with post-inflammatory polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:348-361. [PMID: 35116121 PMCID: PMC8790428 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with post-inflammatory polyps (PIPs) may carry an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) including dysplasia and cancer. Current guidelines recommend active colonoscopy follow-up for these patients. However, the evidence for guidelines is still poor. In addition, some recent high-quality reports present a different view, which challenges the current guidelines. We hypothesize that IBD patients with PIPs are at increased risk of CRN. AIM To evaluate the risk of CRN in IBD patients with and without PIPs. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies that compared the risk of CRN in IBD patients with and without PIPs. In addition, we screened the reference lists and citation indices of the included studies. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the random-effects model to explore the final pooled effect size of the included studies and determine whether PIPs increase the risk of CRN. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and assessment of publication bias were performed to examine the sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve studies with 5819 IBD patients, including 1281 (22.01%) with PIPs, were considered eligible for this meta-analysis. We found that IBD patients with PIPs were at an increased risk of CRN as compared to those without PIPs [OR 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-2.83]. The results were similar when colorectal cancer was used as the study endpoint (OR 2.57; 95%CI: 1.69-3.91). Furthermore, the risk of CRN was still increased (OR 1.80; 95%CI: 1.12-2.91) when restricted to ulcerative colitis patients. Heterogeneity was high among the included studies (I² = 75%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the high heterogeneity was due to the study design. Sensitivity analysis showed that the main statistical outcomes did not essentially change after excluding any one of the included studies. No significant publication bias was found in the funnel plots. CONCLUSION IBD patients with PIPs have an increased risk of CRN as compared with those without PIPs, which support the current guidelines. However, a high-quality randomized controlled trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Gao He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi-Jie Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan-Ni Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, the first Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Guo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tian-Ze Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Sadeghi A, Ketabi Moghadam P, Mangeli F, Salehi N, Rajabnia M. Education case: a case-based approach to overlap syndromes in autoimmune liver disease in patient with ulcerative colitis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:271-281. [PMID: 36311961 PMCID: PMC9589128 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous occurrence of immune-based gastrointestinal diseases and autoimmune hepatitis, although not common, is of clinical importance. Some clinical and laboratory findings such as severe pruritus and elevated alkaline phosphatase raise suspicion of a biliary disease which overlaps autoimmune hepatitis. A strong clinical suspicion of overlap syndrome in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis prompts more diagnostic evaluations like MRCP, liver biopsy, and secondary laboratory tests. Patients who fall into the category of overlap syndrome proceed with timely monitoring of known complications including colorectal carcinomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and gallbladder cancers. It is strongly recommended that all simultaneous immune-based involvements be searched prior to labeling a patient as having pure autoimmune hepatitis. The current study attempted to express all challenges about a case with overlap syndrome referred to the gastroenterology ward of Taleghani Hospital and to review the latest articles and related guidelines about the diagnosis, treatment, complications, and surveillance of the mentioned patient with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Ketabi Moghadam
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Mangeli
- Clinical pathologist, Assistant professor, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajabnia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Yang H, Zhang M, Qian J. The Incidence Rate and Risk Factors of Malignancy in Elderly-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Chinese Cohort Study From 1998 to 2020. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788980. [PMID: 34956904 PMCID: PMC8695610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of cancer. However, the risk of malignancy in patients with elderly-onset IBD (≥60 years) remains controversial. Hence, we aimed to identify and compare the dissimilarities in morbidity and related risk factors between patients with elderly-onset and adult-onset (18–59 years) IBD in a Chinese cohort. Methods Patients with confirmed IBD, diagnosed at age ≥18 years, between January 1998 and December 2020 at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled. The yearly incidence rates (IRs) for cancer were calculated, and the characteristics were analyzed in these patients. Results A total of 1,480 patients suffering from adult-onset IBD and 129 patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD with a median follow-up period of 4.9 years and 4.8 years, respectively, were included. Patients in the elderly-onset IBD group demonstrated an increased overall incidence of cancer than that demonstrated by patients in the adult-onset group (IR 26.9 versus 9.51, respectively, per 1,000 person-years; relative risk [RR], 2.83). Colorectal cancer was the most common malignancy in the two groups, and patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD demonstrated a higher incidence of the malignancy (IR, 7.07 versus 3.34, respectively, per 1,000 person-years; RR, 2.12). Among the extraintestinal cancers, hematological malignancies and urinary tract cancers (including renal and urinary bladder carcinoma) were common in the elderly-onset group (IR, 4.24 and 4.24 per 1,000 person-years, respectively), whereas thyroid cancer was more common in the adult-onset group (IR, 1.36 per 1,000 person-years). Analysis of clinical characteristics revealed that patients with elderly-onset IBD who developed cancer were more likely to have diabetes and urinary lithiasis (p = 0.041 and 0.035, respectively). In addition, patients in the elderly-onset group had a shorter course from IBD to cancer, less exposure to immunosuppressants, less extraintestinal manifestations, and higher cancer-related mortality. Cox proportional risk regression analysis in the elderly-onset IBD group revealed that diabetes was an independent risk factor for the progression to cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 12.53 [2.379–65.994], P = 0.003). Conclusion The risk of malignancy in patients suffering from elderly-onset IBD increased significantly as compared with those with adult-onset disease. Therefore, cancer monitoring should be initiated earlier for patients in the elderly-onset group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235933. [PMID: 34885046 PMCID: PMC8657307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This systematic review sifted through the exogenous dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer, going through the putative involvement of these exogenous risk factors in epigenetic and microbiota modifications. Given the burden of early-onset colorectal cancer and its globally increasing trend with scant literature on its pathogenesis, we believe it would be of benefit to highlight the importance of further systematic and large studies. Indeed, dietary and lifestyle modification could complement colorectal screening for early-onset colorectal cancer prevention. Abstract The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, defined as colorectal cancer occurring in young adults under the age of 50, is increasing globally. Knowledge of the etiological factors in young adults is far from complete. Questionable eoCRCs’ exogenous factors are represented by processed meat, sugary drinks, alcohol, Western dietary pattern, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, though with heterogeneous results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to summarize the current evidence on the role of diet and lifestyle as eoCRC risk factors. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE up to July 2021, for original studies evaluating diet, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, and smoking in eoCRC and included twenty-six studies. Indeed, the exogenous factors could represent modifiable key factors, whose recognition could establish areas of future interventions through public health strategies for eoCRC primary prevention. Additionally, we discussed the role of additional non-modifiable risk factors, and of epigenetic regulation and microbiota as mediators of the eoCRC triggered by diet and lifestyle.
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Xie J, Huang Z, Jiang P, Wu R, Jiang H, Luo C, Hong H, Yin H. Elevated N6-Methyladenosine RNA Levels in Peripheral Blood Immune Cells: A Novel Predictive Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760747. [PMID: 34659267 PMCID: PMC8515146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are essential for improving prognosis. Imbalance in regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA has been associated with a variety of cancers. However, whether the m6A RNA levels of peripheral blood can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for CRC is still unclear. In this research, we found that the m6A RNA levels of peripheral blood immune cells were apparently elevated in the CRC group compared with those in the normal controls (NCs) group. Furthermore, the m6A levels arose as CRC progressed and metastasized, while these levels decreased after treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) of the m6A levels was 0.946, which was significantly higher than the AUCs for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 0.817), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125; 0.732), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9; 0.771). Moreover, the combination of CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 with m6A levels improved the AUC to 0.977. Bioinformatics and qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed that the expression of m6A modifying regulator IGF2BP2 was markedly elevated in peripheral blood of CRC patients. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) implied that monocyte was the most abundant m6A-modified immune cell type in CRC patients' peripheral blood. Additionally, m6A modifications were negatively related to the immune response of monocytes. In conclusion, our results revealed that m6A RNA of peripheral blood immune cells was a prospective non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients and might provide a valuable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghai Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Done JZ, Fang SH. Young-onset colorectal cancer: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:856-866. [PMID: 34457191 PMCID: PMC8371519 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the general decrease in overall incidence of colorectal cancer since the early 1990s, the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients less than 50 years old has nearly doubled. A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database (2011-2020) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2011-2021) to identify studies (published in English) evaluating epidemiologic, clinical, hereditary, and molecular features; as well as evaluation, management, and prognosis of young-onset colorectal cancer patients. Our search yielded a total of 3401 articles, after applying our inclusion criteria. We fully reviewed 94 full-length studies. This systematic review demonstrates the increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer and highlights the importance of being hypervigilant for the differential diagnosis colorectal cancer when evaluating a young adult who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Zhou Done
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sandy H Fang
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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Na SY. [Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Elderly Patients - What Are Different and What Should We Know?]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 77:231-240. [PMID: 34035201 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing with an ageing population, the incidence and prevalence of IBD in the elderly continue to increase. Older IBD patients can be classified into two groups; elderly-onset IBD patients and elderly IBD patients who were diagnosed at a young age and transitioning into advanced age. Clinicians must consider elderly-onset specific phenotypes or prognosis and age-related concerns in the treatment of elderly IBD patients. There is a paucity of evidence whether there is a different disease process when IBD occurs in older age yet. Clinicians may expect similar therapeutic effects in older and younger patients in drug selection, but since older patients are often excluded from clinical trials, evidence to support this assumption is currently lacking. Also, the risk of side effects may be higher in elderly patients. Therefore, when making management decisions in the elderly, clinicians should assess an individual's frailty rather than only considering an individual's chronological and biological age. Knowing specific requirements for managing older IBD patients may help to make an appropriate therapeutic strategy for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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18
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Ueda T, Inoue T, Nakamoto T, Nishigori N, Kuge H, Sasaki Y, Fujii H, Koyama F. Anorectal Cancer in Crohn's Disease Has a Poor Prognosis Due to its Advanced Stage and Aggressive Histological Features: a Systematic Literature Review of Japanese Patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 51:1-9. [PMID: 30474795 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are generally known to be at an increased risk of cancer. The anorectal area is the most frequent cancer site in Japanese CD patients. However, the risks are not well defined. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of Japanese CD-associated anorectal carcinoma patients and to explore screening methods for the detection of cancer at earlier stages. METHODS A systematic review of case series and reports of Japanese CD-associated anorectal cancer patients published between 1983 and 2016 was conducted. RESULT There were 144 cases of cancer arising from anorectal lesions of CD. The median duration from the onset of CD to the cancer diagnosis was approximately 17 (0-39) years. The most prevalent histological type of cancer was mucinous carcinoma (49.3%), and 82.1% of patients were over T3 invasion. There were only 15.6% cases with early stage disease. A total of 82% patients had enhanced symptoms, whereas 56.3% of the early cancer cases had no symptomatic changes. Approximately 90% of cases were diagnosed preoperatively, and almost all early cancer patients were diagnosed with colonoscopy. The 5-year overall survival rate was 35.8%. CONCLUSION CD-associated anorectal carcinoma had a poor prognosis due to the advanced stage of the cases and aggressive histological features. As earlier-stage cancer is associated with a better prognosis than advanced stage disease, and it is also typically diagnosed by colonoscopy, surveillance colonoscopy may therefore help to improve the prognosis in cases without any symptomatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo, Yoshino, Nara, 638-8551, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishigori
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Nishigori Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuge
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisao Fujii
- Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and IBD Center, Yoshida Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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19
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Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH. Reappraising Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Neoplasia: Implications for Colonoscopic Surveillance in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1172-1177. [PMID: 32150256 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the most feared complications of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated colitis is colorectal cancer. When considering the substantial increase in the prevalence of IBD, without any anticipated decline, coupled with decreasing colectomy rates for dysplasia and expanding medical options for effectively controlling inflammation, it is predicted that the pool of people living with-and ageing with-colonic IBD, who are recommended to undergo lifelong colonoscopic surveillance for colorectal neoplasia, will strain existing resources and challenge the sustainability of current guideline-based surveillance recommendations. At the same time, we are missing the opportunity for early detection in a group that is overlooked as high-risk, as a substantial proportion of colorectal cancers are being diagnosed in individuals with colonic IBD who have disease duration shorter than when guidelines recommend surveillance initiation. Here, we reappraise: 1] inflammation as a dynamic risk factor that considers patients' cumulative course; 2] time of screening initiation that is not based primarily on absolute disease duration; and 3] surveillance intervals as an iterative determination based on individual patient factors and consecutive colonoscopic findings. This Viewpoint supports a paradigm shift that will ideally result in a more effective and higher-value colorectal cancer prevention approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven H Itzkowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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20
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de Campos Silva EF, Baima JP, de Barros JR, Tanni SE, Schreck T, Saad-Hossne R, Sassaki LY. Risk factors for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21686. [PMID: 32769938 PMCID: PMC7593060 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The study aims to identify the risk factors for ulcerative colitis-colorectal cancer and to perform a survival curve analysis of the outcome.This retrospective cohort study included 254 patients from March 2016 to October 2017. Age, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, smoking status, and family history of colorectal cancer were analyzed as risk factors for colorectal cancer.The mean patient age was 46.6 ± 16.9 years; 5.5% of the patients were smokers and 49.6% had pancolitis. Six patients (2.36%) had colorectal cancer, which was associated with age at diagnosis (odds/hazard ratio 1.059 [95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.121]; P = .04), family history of colorectal cancer (12.992 [1.611-104.7]; P = .02), and follow-up time (0.665 [0.513-0.864]; P = .002). Active smoking was the main identified risk factor, after both logistic (8.477 [1.350-53.232]; P = .02) and Cox proportional-hazards (32.484 [2.465-428.1]; P = .008) regression analysis. The risk of colorectal cancer was 3.17% at 10 years and 4.26% at 20 years of follow-up.Active smoking and family history were identified as risk factors for colorectal cancer. These findings should aid the early identification of patients who require vigorous surveillance, and prevent exposure to risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Pinheiro Baima
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Erico Tanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thomas Schreck
- OTH Regensburg. Faculty of Business Studies, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rogerio Saad-Hossne
- Department of Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ligia Yukie Sassaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Brazil
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21
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van de Ven SEM, Derikx LAAP, Nagtegaal ID, van Herpen CM, Takes RP, Melchers WJG, Pierik M, van den Heuvel T, Verhoeven RHA, Hoentjen F, Nissen LHC. Laryngeal Carcinoma in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1060-1067. [PMID: 31559415 PMCID: PMC7301406 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk for developing extra-intestinal malignancies, mainly due to immunosuppressive medication. The risk of developing head and neck cancer in immunosuppressed transplant patients is increased. The relation between IBD patients and laryngeal cancer (LC) remains unclear. We aimed (1) to identify risk factors in IBD patients for LC development and (2) to compare clinical characteristics, outcome, and survival of LC in IBD patients with the general population. METHODS All IBD patients with LC (1993-2011) were retrospectively identified using the Dutch Pathology Database. We performed 2 case-control studies: (1) to identify risk factors, we compared patients with IBD and LC (cases) with the general IBD population; (2) to analyze LC survival, we compared cases with controls from the general LC population. RESULTS We included 55 cases, 1800 IBD controls, and 2018 LC controls. Cases were more frequently male compared with IBD controls (P < 0.001). For ulcerative colitis (UC), cases were older at IBD diagnosis (P < 0.001). Crohn's disease (CD) cases were more frequently tobacco users (P < 0.001) and more often had stricturing (P = 0.006) and penetrating (P = 0.008) disease. We found no survival difference. Immunosuppressive medication had no impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS Male sex was a risk factor for LC in IBD patients. Older age at IBD diagnosis was a risk factor for UC to develop LC. Tobacco use and stricturing and penetrating disease were risk factors for LC development in CD patients. Inflammatory bowel disease was not associated with impaired survival of LC. Immunosuppressive medication had no influence on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi E M van de Ven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lauranne A A P Derikx
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla M van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Pierik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van den Heuvel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob H A Verhoeven
- Department of Research & Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoentjen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L H C Nissen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands,Address correspondence to: Loes H. C. Nissen, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Henri Dunantstraat 1, Postbox 90153, 5200 ME ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands ()
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Choi YI, Kim YJ, Chung JW, Kim KO, Kim H, Park RW, Park DK. Effect of Age on the Initiation of Biologic Agent Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Korean Common Data Model Cohort Study. JMIR Med Inform 2020; 8:e15124. [PMID: 32293578 PMCID: PMC7191339 DOI: 10.2196/15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network is an international collaboration established to apply open-source data analytics to a large network of health databases, including the Korean common data model (K-CDM) network. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the effect that age at diagnosis has on the prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Korea using a CDM network database. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the K-CDM network database from 2005 to 2015. We transformed the electronic medical record into the CDM version 5.0 used in OHDSI. A worsened IBD prognosis was defined as the initiation of therapy with biologic agents, including infliximab and adalimumab. To evaluate the effect that age at diagnosis had on the prognosis of IBD, we divided the patients into an early-onset (EO) IBD group (age at diagnosis <40 years) and a late-onset (LO) IBD group (age at diagnosis ≥40 years) with the cutoff value of age at diagnosis as 40 years, which was calculated using the Youden index method. We then used the logrank test and Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the effect that age at diagnosis (EO group vs LO group) had on the prognosis in patients with IBD. RESULTS A total of 3480 patients were enrolled. There was 2017 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 1463 with Crohn's disease (CD). The median follow up period was 109.5 weeks. The EO UC group was statistically significant and showed less event-free survival (ie, experiences of biologic agents) than the LO UC group (P<.001). In CD, the EO CD group showed less event-free survival (ie, experiences of biologic agents) than the LO CD group. In the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of the EO UC group on experiences of biologic agents compared with the LO UC group was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-3.8, P=.002). The OR of the EO CD group on experiences of biologic agents compared with the LO CD group was 5.4 (95% CI 1.9-14.9, P=.001). CONCLUSIONS The EO IBD group showed a worse prognosis than the LO IBD group in Korean patients with IBD. In addition, this study successfully verified the CDM model in gastrointestinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn I Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Oh Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakki Kim
- Health IT Research Center, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong Kyun Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Internal Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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23
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[Characteristics and management of elderly-onset ulcerative colitis]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2020; 57:414-422. [PMID: 33268625 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.57.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Tran V, Limketkai BN, Sauk JS. IBD in the Elderly: Management Challenges and Therapeutic Considerations. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21:60. [PMID: 31776797 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-019-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing in prevalence as our population ages and the incidence of IBD increases. The purpose of this review is to describe the management challenges in elderly IBD patients, including comorbid conditions and therapeutic considerations unique to the elderly population. RECENT FINDINGS The elderly experience coexisting comorbidities that complicate IBD management. The disease course and potential side effects of treatments can impact the elderly IBD patient differently than younger IBD patients. The duration for colorectal cancer surveillance (CRC) also remains controversial and should be individualized to determine when discontinuation is appropriate. Given greater safety considerations in the elderly IBD population, treatment targets and management goals require a more personalized approach in the elderly, taking into account coexisting comorbidities, inflammatory burden, and functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivy Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berkeley N Limketkai
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny S Sauk
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Li L, Zhang L, Tian Y, Zhang T, Duan G, Liu Y, Yin Y, Hua D, Qi X, Mao Y. Serum Chemokine CXCL7 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:921. [PMID: 31649870 PMCID: PMC6794610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of effective biomarkers is crucial for monitoring the treatment and remission of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improving survival. It is particularly important to diagnose CRC before the tumor metastasizes (stage I–II disease) where possible, to provide the greatest opportunity for patient recovery. Here, we evaluated the clinical value of serum chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 7 (CXCL7) concentration as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure CXCL7 concentration in 560 serum samples from patients with CRC and controls. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy and build mathematical diagnostic models. The concentration of CXCL7 in the CRC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.862 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.831–0.890]. Further, the AUC of a regression model including the markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), along with CXCL7, was 0.933 (95% CI: 0.909–0.952). For stage I–II tumors, CXCL7 had the highest AUC (0.823, 95% CI: 0.783–0.858) among the four individual biomarkers. The AUC value for combination model analysis of samples from patients with stage I–II tumors was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.872–0.930), with a sensitivity of 82.76% and a specificity of 87.14%, and an optimal cut-off value of 2.66. AUC values for application of the regression model in subgroup analysis were 0.947 (0.917–0.968) and 0.919 (0.874–0.951) for males and females, respectively. These results suggest that CXCL7 has potential as a serum diagnostic biomarker for detection of CRC. Importantly, the combination of CXCL7, CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 may facilitate diagnosis of CRC with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Clinical Trial Registration Number: LS2017001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangliang Duan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yankui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Wuxi Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Nozawa H, Hata K, Ushiku T, Kawai K, Tanaka T, Shuno Y, Nishikawa T, Sasaki K, Emoto S, Kaneko M, Murono K, Sonoda H, Ishihara S. Accelerated perineural invasion in colitis-associated cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17570. [PMID: 31626124 PMCID: PMC6824779 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. Neurotrophic factors, molecular determinants of PNI, are altered in their expression levels in patients with ulcerative colitis. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of PNI in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic cancer.We retrospectively reviewed 778 colorectal cancers with pathological T3-T4 in 761 patients all of whom were surgically resected without preoperative treatment. The lesions were classified into either CAC or sporadic cancer based on the clinical information. Clinicopathological findings including PNI were compared between CACs and sporadic cancers. Moreover, we analyzed the risk factors for positive PNI by multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model.Ten of the cancers (1.3%) were diagnosed as CACs, and the remaining 768 as sporadic cancers. CACs were characterized by being nonobstructive and predominantly located in the rectum. The CACs had a larger size and more frequent undifferentiated histology than sporadic cancers. PNI was observed more frequently in CACs (90%) than in sporadic cancers without obstruction (45%, P = .007). On multivariate analysis, CAC was one of the significant factors associated with PNI (odds ratio: 9.05, P = .040).Our results suggest that CAC was more likely to exhibit PNI than sporadic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Iwaya M, Ota H, Tateishi Y, Nakajima T, Riddell R, Conner JR. Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinomas are frequently associated with non-intestinal mucin profiles and loss of SATB2 expression. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:884-892. [PMID: 30710095 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma and reduced expression of SATB2 is associated with a poor prognosis. Colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinoma often shows distinct morphologic and molecular phenotypes compared to sporadic cases. However, the SATB2 expression profile in colitis-associated carcinoma has not been defined. We performed immunohistochemistry for SATB2 as well as CDX2, MUC5AC, MUC6 and mismatch repair proteins on 60 consecutive colitis-associated carcinomas from 58 inflammatory bowel disease patients and compared the expression profile to a control group of 32 sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Only 26 (43%) colitis-associated carcinomas expressed SATB2, compared to 29 (91%) sporadic colorectal carcinomas (p < 0.0001). MUC5AC expression was more frequently observed in colitis-associated carcinomas than sporadic colorectal caracinomas (52% and 25% respectively; p = 0.013). Eight (13%) cases of colitis-associated carcinoma showed loss of CDX2 expression, which was retained in all of the sporadic controls (p = 0.047). In colitis-associated carcinoma, 50% of SATB2 negative cases had lymph node metastasis compared to only 15% of SATB2 positive cases (p = 0.007). Loss of SATB2 was particularly frequent in mucinous-type tumors, occurring in 83% of these cases. There was no significant association between SATB2 expression and mismatch repair protein status. These data show that the immunoprofile of colitis-associated carcinoma is different than that seen in sporadic cases. In particular, SATB2 is significantly less sensitive in colitis-associated carcinoma and it should be interpreted cautiously as a marker of colorectal origin in colitis patients. The association between loss of SATB2 and lymph node metastasis suggests that it may have similar prognostic value in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease as in sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Iwaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Tateishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Robert Riddell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James R Conner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Kim D, Taleban S. A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Management of Crohn's Disease in the Elderly Population. Drugs Aging 2019; 36:607-624. [PMID: 31055789 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) in the elderly is rising in prevalence, which is related to an increase in its incidence and improving life expectancies. There are differences in the presentation, natural history, and treatment of CD between adult-onset patients who progress to older age and patients who are initially diagnosed at an older age. Presentation at an older age may also delay or make diagnosis challenging due to accumulating co-morbidities that mimic inflammatory bowel disease. Differences exist between adult- and older-onset disease, yet many guidelines do not specifically distinguish the management of these two distinct populations. Identifying patients at high risk for progression or aggressive disease is particularly important as elderly patients may respond differently to medical and surgical treatment, and may be at higher risk for adverse effects. Despite newer agents being approved for CD, the data regarding efficacy and safety in the elderly are currently limited. Balancing symptom management with risks of medical and surgical therapy is an ongoing challenge and requires special consideration in these two distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sasha Taleban
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Margonis GA, Buettner S, Andreatos N, Wagner D, Sasaki K, Galjart B, Kamphues C, Pawlik TM, Poultsides G, Kaczirek K, Lønning PE, Verhoef C, Kreis ME, Wolfgang CL, Weiss MJ. The prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases associated with inflammatory bowel disease: An exploratory analysis. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:1074-1080. [PMID: 30261094 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In contrast with sporadic colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related CRLM have not been studied to date. METHODS Patients who underwent resection for IBD-related and sporadic CRLM from 2000 to 2015 were identified from an international registry and matched for pertinent prognostic variables. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were subsequently assessed. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients had IBD-related CRLM. Synchronous extrahepatic disease was more common in IBD-related CRLM patients than patients with sporadic CRLM (28.6% vs 8.3%; P < 0.001), most commonly located in the lungs. In multivariable analysis, IBD did not have a significant influence on OS ( P = 0.835), and had a hazard ratio (HR) close to 1 (HR, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-1.57). IBD was also not associated with inferior RFS (HR, 1.07; 95%CI, 0.68-1.68; P = 0.780). Among patients with IBD-related CRLM, 9(50%) had isolated intrahepatic recurrence and 8(44.4%) isolated extrahepatic recurrence, while only 1(5.6%) developed combined recurrence. Of those who experienced recurrence after resection of IBD-related CRLM, 10 had their recurrence treated with curative intent. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD-related CRLM had similar survival compared with patients with sporadic CRLM, even though they more often present with extrahepatic disease. In addition, patients with IBD-related CRLM may experience patterns of recurrence different from patients with sporadic CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antonios Margonis
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Buettner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nikolaos Andreatos
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Boris Galjart
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Kamphues
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - George Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Klaus Kaczirek
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E Kreis
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthew J Weiss
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Nissen LHC, Derikx LAAP, Jacobs AME, van Herpen CM, Kievit W, Verhoeven R, van den Broek E, Bekers E, van den Heuvel T, Pierik M, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Takes RP, Melchers WJG, Nagtegaal ID, Hoentjen F, Peutz-Kootstra C, Roelofs JJTH, Willems SM, Willig AP, van Bodegraven AA, Tan ACITL, Meeuse JJ, van der Meulen–de Jong AE, Oldenburg B, Loffeld BCAJ, Durfeld BM, van der Woude CJ, Cahen DL, D’Haens G, Janik D, Mares WGM, Gilissen LPL, Wolters FL, Dijkstra G, Erkelens GW, Tang TJ, Breumelhof R, Smalbraak HJT, Thijs JC, Voskuil JH, Kuyvenhoven JP, Vecht J, Rijk MCM, Janssen JM, Sarneel JT, Tjhie-Wensing JWM, Lai JYL, Vlasveld LT, Oostenbrug LE, Gerretsen M, Van Herwaarden MA, Mahmmod N, Russel MGVM, Grubben MJAL, Vu MK, Verhulst ML, Dewint P, Stokkers PCF, Bus PJ, Wismans PJ, van der Haeck PWE, Stuyt RJL, Zeijen RNM, Dahlmans RPM, Vandebosch S, Romkens TEH, Moolenaar W, ten Hove WR, Boot H, van der Linde K, Wahab P, de Boer SY, Thurnau K, Thijs WJ, Josemanders DFGM, West RL, Pierik MJ, Depla ACTM, Keulen ETP, de Boer WA, Naber AHJ, Vermeijden JR, Mallant-Hent RC, Beukers R, Ter Borg PCJ, Halet ECR, Bruin KF, Linskens RK, Bruins Slot W. Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Head and Neck Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2015-2026. [PMID: 30759216 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk to develop extra-intestinal malignancies. Immunosuppressed transplant patients show increased incidence of head and neck cancer with impaired survival. This study aims to identify risk factors for oral cavity (OCC) and pharyngeal carcinoma (PC) development in IBD, to compare clinical characteristics in IBD with the general population, and to assess the influence of immunosuppressive medication on survival. METHODS We retrospectively searched the Dutch Pathology Database to identify all IBD patients with OCC and PC between 1993 and 2011. Two case-control studies were performed: We compared cases with the general IBD population to identify risk factors, and we compared cases with non-IBD cancer patients for outcome analyses. RESULTS We included 66 IBD patients and 2141 controls with OCC, 31 IBD patients and 1552 controls with PC, and 1800 IBD controls. Age at IBD diagnosis was a risk factor for OCC development, Crohn's disease (CD; odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.07), and ulcerative colitis (UC; OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). For PC, this applied to UC (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). IBD OCC cases showed impaired survival (P = 0.018); in PC, survival was similar. There was no effect of immunosuppression on survival. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of IBD cases revealed 52.2% (12/23) HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs). CONCLUSION This study shows that IBD is associated with impaired OCC survival. Higher age at IBD diagnosis is a risk factor for OCC development. We found no influence of immunosuppression on survival; 52.2% of OPC in IBD contained HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes H C Nissen
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anouk M E Jacobs
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Carla M van Herpen
- Department of Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Verhoeven
- Netherlands Cancer Registry/Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization
| | | | - Elise Bekers
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim van den Heuvel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Pierik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J G Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoentjen
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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Abstract
GOALS The aim of this study was to assess the histopathologic characteristics of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). BACKGROUND A higher frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) is seen in mucinous compared with nonmucinous CRC which suggests that its pathogenesis involves distinct molecular pathways. Several publications reported a higher percentage of mucinous adenocarcinoma in CD patients with CRC. So far, there has been no investigation of MSI in CD patients with mucinous CRC. STUDY The medical records of patients who underwent surgery for CRC were reviewed and those with a history of CD identified. The data of histologic classification and MSI status of the tumor were investigated. RESULTS Fourteen patients with CD-associated CRC were identified (5 female, 9 male) resulting in 20 CRC in total. Histologic investigation revealed 7 adenocarcinomas without a mucinous or signet ring cell component. All other CRCs harbored a mucinous (n=11) and/or signet ring cell (n=6) component. All tumors assessed for MSI were found to be microsatellite stable. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CRCs with signet ring cell and mucinous components were much more common in patients with CD than in patients with sporadic CRC. This observation suggests that CRC in CD represent an own entity with distinct histopathologic and molecular features. This may implicate potential consequences for diagnosis and therapy of CRC in CD in the future as well as new factors to identify patients with an increased risk for developing CRC in CD.
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Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), principally resulting from the pro-neoplastic effects of chronic intestinal inflammation. Epidemiologic studies continue to highlight the increased risk of CRC in IBD. However, the incidence has declined over the past 30 years, attributed to both successful CRC-surveillance programs and improved control of mucosal inflammation. Risk factors that further increase the risk of IBD-related CRC include disease duration, extent and severity, the presence of inflammatory pseudopolyps, coexistent primary sclerosing cholangitis, and a family history of CRC. All major professional societies agree that IBD-CRC surveillance should occur more frequently than in the general population. Yet, guidelines and consensus statements differ on the surveillance schedule and preferred method of surveillance. Improved sensitivity to previously "invisible" flat dysplastic lesions using high definition and chromoendoscopy methods has resulted in many guidelines abandoning requirements for random untargeted biopsies of the colon. While colonic dysplasia remains a worrisome finding, and several clinical scenarios remain best addressed by total proctocolectomy due to concerns of synchronous undetected lesions and the unpredictable tempo of progression to malignancy, better detection techniques have also increased opportunities for endoscopic resection of dysplastic lesions that can be clearly delineated. Finally, the expanding armamentarium of medical options in IBD, including anti-tumor necrosis factor and anti-adhesion biologic therapies, have substantially improved our ability to control severe inflammation and likely reduce the risk of CRC over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter D.R. Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Butter M, Weiler S, Biedermann L, Scharl M, Rogler G, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Misselwitz B. Clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, treatment and outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases in older people. Maturitas 2018; 110:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Azizi S, Al-Rubaye H, Turki MAA, Siddiqui MRS, Shanmuganandan AP, Ehsanullah B, Brar R, Abulafi AM. Detecting dysplasia using white light endoscopy or chromoendoscopy in ulcerative colitis patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 52:180-188. [PMID: 29462738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic examinations are a vital diagnostic tool for dysplasia. Establishing the precision of different modes of examination is essential due to the disparate pick-up rates of dysplasia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to establish the pick-up rates of dysplastic or cancerous lesions using white light endoscopy (WLE) and random/targeted biopsies, or chromoendoscopy (CE), in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) without primary sclerosing (PSC) or Crohn's disease (CD). DATA SOURCES A systematic review to identify all studies up to November 2017, without language restriction, was conducted from PubMed, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1960-2017), MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE (1981-2017). MeSH and text word terms used included "ulcerative colitis", "dysplasia", "random biopsy", "targeted biopsy", "colonoscopy", "white light", and "chromoendoscopy". Further searches were performed using the bibliographies of these articles. STUDY SELECTION All studies reporting on colonoscopy detection rates of dysplasia and cancers in UC without involvement of PSC or CD were included. There was no age restriction to include patients. DATA EXTRACTION Outcome data were extracted by 2 authors independently using outcome measures defined a priori. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scales. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. The pooled overall pick-up rate of dysplastic/cancerous lesions on WLE random biopsies was 5.6% [Event rate 0.06 (0.01, 0.23), df = 4, I2 = 94%]. Using a combined random and targeted approach with WLE the incidence was 5.1% [Event rate 0.05 (0.03, 0.09), df = 4, I2 = 96%]. One study reported on CE and found a 7% pick-up rate for dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic examination of UC patients without PSC identifies dysplastic or cancerous lesions in 5-7% of cases. WLE and random biopsies may pick-up a similar number of lesions to targeted biopsies, however the number of biopsies may need to be greater to achieve this equivalence. CE has a slightly higher pick-up rate. Further comparative studies are required to strengthen the body of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Azizi
- St. George's, University of London, Department of Medicine, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Hussein Al-Rubaye
- St. George's, University of London, Department of Medicine, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mohammed Adil A Turki
- St. George's, University of London, Department of Medicine, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, UK
| | | | - Arun P Shanmuganandan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, Surrey, CR77YE, UK
| | | | - Ranjeet Brar
- Department of General and Vascular surgery, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, Surrey, CR77YE, UK
| | - Al-Mutaz Abulafi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, Surrey, CR77YE, UK.
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Identification of Common Genes Refers to Colorectal Carcinogenesis with Paired Cancer and Noncancer Samples. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3452739. [PMID: 29651323 PMCID: PMC5830953 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3452739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor which harmed human beings' health. The aim of this study was to explore common biomarkers associated with colorectal carcinogenesis in paired cancer and noncancer samples. At first, fifty-nine pairs of colorectal cancer and noncancer samples from three gene expression datasets were collected and analyzed. Then, 181 upregulation and 282 downregulation common differential expression genes (DEGs) were found. Next, functional annotation was performed in the DAVID database with the DEGs. Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was conducted to verify the analyses in sixteen colorectal cancer and individual-matched adjacent mucosa samples. Real-time PCR showed that MCM2, RNASEH2A, and TOP2A were upregulated in colorectal cancer compared with adjacent mucosa samples (MCM2, P < 0.001; RNASEH2A, P < 0.001; TOP2A, P = 0.001). These suggested that 463 DEGs might contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Baker KT, Salk JJ, Brentnall TA, Risques RA. Precancer in ulcerative colitis: the role of the field effect and its clinical implications. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:11-20. [PMID: 29087436 PMCID: PMC6248676 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that a significant proportion of cancer evolution may occur before the development of histological abnormalities. While recent improvements in DNA sequencing technology have begun to reveal the presence of these early preneoplastic clones, the concept of 'premalignant field' was already introduced by Slaughter more than half a century ago. Also referred to as 'field effect', 'field defect' or 'field cancerization', these terms describe the phenomenon by which molecular alterations develop in normal-appearing tissue and expand to form premalignant patches with the potential to progress to dysplasia and cancer. Field effects have been well-characterized in ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease that increases the risk of colorectal cancer. The study of the molecular alterations that define these fields is informative of mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression and has provided potential targets for early cancer detection. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the molecular alterations that comprise the field effect in ulcerative colitis and the clinical utility of these fields for cancer screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Baker
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse J Salk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- TwinStrand Biosciences Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Teresa A Brentnall
- Division of Gasteroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rosa Ana Risques
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +206-616-4976; Fax:
+206-543-1140;
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Shawki S, Ashburn J, Signs SA, Huang E. Colon Cancer: Inflammation-Associated Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017; 27:269-287. [PMID: 29496089 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer with an unclear pathogenesis. Colitis-associated cancer serves as a prototype of inflammation-associated cancers. Advanced colonoscopic techniques are considered standard of care for surveillance in patients with long-standing colitis, especially those with other risk factors, including sclerosing cholangitis and a family history of colorectal cancer. When colitis-associated cancer is diagnosed, the standard operation involves total proctocolectomy. Restorative procedures and surveillance after colectomy require special considerations. In these contexts, new 3-dimensional human models may be used to usher in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherief Shawki
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, A30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jean Ashburn
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, A30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Steven A Signs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, NE3, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, A30, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, NE3, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Bye WA, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, Jairath V, East JE. Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 9:CD000279. [PMID: 28922695 PMCID: PMC6483622 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000279.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis and colonic Crohn's disease have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with the general population. This review assessed the evidence that endoscopic surveillance may prolong life by allowing earlier detection of CRC or its pre-cursor lesion, dysplasia, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of cancer surveillance programs for diagnosis of IBD-associated colorectal cancer and in reducing the mortality rate from colorectal cancer in patients with IBD. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and clinical clinicaltrials.gov from inception to 19 September 2016. We also searched conference abstracts and reference lists to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Potentially relevant articles were reviewed independently and unblinded by two authors to determine eligibility. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies (cohort or case control) assessing any form of endoscopic surveillance aimed at early detection of CRC were considered for inclusion. Studies had to have a no surveillance comparison group to be eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Eligible studies were reviewed in duplicate and the results of the primary research trials were independently extracted by two authors. The primary outcome was detection of CRC. Secondary outcomes included death from CRC, time to cancer detection, time to death and adverse events. Deaths from CRC were derived from life tables, survival curves or where possible, by calculating life tables from the data provided. The presence of significant heterogeneity among studies was tested by the chi-square test. Because this is a relatively insensitive test, a P value of less than 0.1 was considered statistically significant. Provided statistical heterogeneity was not present, the fixed effects model was used for the pooling of data. The 2x2 tables were combined into a summary test statistic using the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals as described by Cochrane and Mantel and Haenszel. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomised studies The overall quality of the evidence supporting the primary and selected secondary outcomes was assessed using the GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS No RCTs were identified. Five observational studies (N = 7199) met the inclusion criteria. The studies scored well on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, but due to the nature of observational studies, a high risk of bias was assigned to all the studies. Three studies were pooled to assess the rate of cancer detected in the surveillance group compared to the non-surveillance group. The studies found a significantly higher rate of cancer detection in the non surveillance group compared to the surveillance group. CRC was detected in 1.83% (53/2895) of patients in the surveillance group compared to 3.17% (135/4256) of patients in the non-surveillance group (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.80; P = 0.0009). Four studies were pooled to assess the death rate associated with CRC in patients who underwent surveillance compared to patients who did not undergo surveillance. There was a significantly lower death rate associated with CRC in the surveillance group compared to the non-surveillance group. Eight per cent (15/176) of patients in the surveillance group died from CRC compared to 22% (79/354) of patients in the non-surveillance group (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.69, P=0.002). Data were pooled from two studies to examine the rate of early stage versus late stage colorectal cancer (Duke stages A & B compared to Duke stages C & D) in patients who underwent surveillance compared to patients who do not undergo surveillance. A significantly higher rate of early stage CRC (Duke A & B) was detected in the surveillance group compared to the non-surveillance group. Sixteen per cent (17/110) of patients in the surveillance group had early stage CRC compared to 8% (9/117) of patients in the non-surveillance group (OR 5.40, 95% CI 1.51 to 19.30; P = 0.009). A higher rate of late stage CRC (Duke C & D) was observed in the non-surveillance group compared to the surveillance group. Nine per cent (10/110) of patients in the surveillance group had late stage CRC compared to 16% (19/117) of patients in the non-surveillance group (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.08 to 2.51; P = 0.37). A GRADE analysis indicated that the quality of the data was very low for all of these outcomes. The included studies did not report on the other pre-specified outcomes including time to cancer detection, time to death and adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The current data suggest that colonoscopic surveillance in IBD may reduce the development of both CRC and the rate of CRC-associated death through early detection, although the quality of the evidence is very low. The detection of earlier stage CRC in the surveillance group may explain some of the survival benefit observed. RCTs assessing the efficacy of endoscopic surveillance in people with IBD are unlikely to be undertaken due to ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Bye
- St Vincent's HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologySydneyAustralia
| | - Tran M Nguyen
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanada
| | - Claire E Parker
- Robarts Clinical Trials100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
| | - Vipul Jairath
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
| | - James E East
- University of OxfordTranslational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
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Shrestha MP, Ruel J, Taleban S. Healthcare maintenance in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:273-286. [PMID: 28469357 PMCID: PMC5411377 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of older patients (age ≥60 years) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) highlights the importance of healthcare maintenance in this vulnerable population. Older IBD patients are more susceptible and have higher rates of many disease- and treatment-related adverse effects. Compared to younger IBD patients, older patients are at increased risk for infection, malignancy, bone disease, eye disease, malnutrition and thrombotic complications. Preventive strategies in the elderly differ from those in younger adults and are imperative. Changes to the immune system with aging can decrease the efficacy of vaccinations. Cancer screening guidelines in older IBD patients have to account for unique considerations, such as life expectancy, functional performance status, multimorbidity, financial status, and patient desires. Additionally, providers need to be vigilant in screening for osteoporosis, ocular disease, depression, and adverse events arising from polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish P Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (Manish P. Shrestha)
| | - Joannie Ruel
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (Joannie Ruel)
| | - Sasha Taleban
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona (Sasha Taleban).,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Center of Aging, Tucson, Arizona (Sasha Taleban), USA
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A Fixed Stricture on Routine Cross-sectional Imaging Predicts Disease-Related Complications and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:641-649. [PMID: 28267043 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) typically undergo multiple cross-sectional imaging exams including computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography during the course of their disease. The aim was to identify imaging findings that predict future disease-related poor outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective, case control study at a single tertiary center. Cases were CD patients diagnosed with complications (bowel obstruction, perforation, internal fistula, or abscess); controls were CD patients without complications. Two radiologists blinded to clinical outcomes, independently scored cross-sectional imaging examinations obtained before the complication. RESULTS One hundred eight patients (67 F; 41 M) with CD (51 cases; 57 controls) were included. For the cases, 21 had internal fistulae, 15 had bowel obstructions, 13 had abdominal abscesses, and 2 developed bowel perforations. Patients with complications were more likely to have a fixed small bowel stricture on cross-sectional imaging (P = 0.01). A patient with a stricture and upstream dilatation was 3.4 times more likely to develop a complication in the next 2 years. When present in the setting of hypervascularity and/or evidence of active inflammation, the risk increased further to 15-fold. Cases were more likely to be active smokers (29% versus 12%, P = 0.033). Cases had more evidence of inflammation based on higher Harvey Bradshaw Index values and inflammatory biomarkers and lower hemoglobin values. CONCLUSIONS Information from radiologic studies, especially the presence of fixed strictures, can predict future CD complications. These findings, along with smoking and ongoing inflammation, should alert the clinician to the possibility of future complications.
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Abstract
Optimizing the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in IBD requires a fundamental understanding of the evolutionary process underpinning tumorigenesis. In IBD, clonal evolution begins long before the development of overt neoplasia, and is probably accelerated by the repeated cycles of epithelial wounding and repair that are characteristic of the condition. Here, we review the biological drivers of mutant clone selection in IBD with particular reference to the unique histological architecture of the intestinal epithelium coupled with the inflammatory microenvironment in IBD, and the unique mutation patterns seen in IBD-driven neoplasia when compared with sporadic adenomas and CRC. How these data can be leveraged as evolutionary-based biomarkers to predict cancer risk is discussed, as well as how the efficacy of CRC surveillance programmes and the management of dysplasia can be improved. From a research perspective, the longitudinal surveillance of patients with IBD provides an under-exploited opportunity to investigate the biology of the human gastrointestinal tract over space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho R Choi
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ibrahim Al Bakir
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ailsa L Hart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Level 4 St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Li P, Xiao ZT, Braciak TA, Ou QJ, Chen G, Oduncu FS. Impact of age and mismatch repair status on survival in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:975-981. [PMID: 28345223 PMCID: PMC5430087 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that deficiencies in mismatch repair genes (dMMR) often occur in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and contribute to disease etiology. Here, we looked for a correlation of MMR status to disease outcomes from a large number of Chinese CRC patients stratified by the age of onset of disease. A total of 2233 CRC patients were analyzed and tissue biopsies of surgically removed tumors scored for MMR gene status. The patient distribution after classification consisted of 188 younger aged patients (20-39 years of age), 1024 middle aged patients (40-59 years of age), and 1020 older aged patients (60-85 years of age). In this analysis, the expression of four MMR genes was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that the young group of CRC patients with dMMR had higher overall survival (OS) than the young group of patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) (77% vs. 56%, P = 0.03). Middle-aged patients with dMMR also had higher OS than middle-aged group patients with pMMR (78% vs. 68%, P = 0.012). However, we found no statistical difference in OS between dMMR and pMMR status in the older group of patients (75% vs. 71%, P = 0.224). Finally, the middle- and older-aged group set of patients had higher OS than the young group of patients (69% vs. 71% vs. 59%, P = 0.008). These data demonstrated that the age of disease onset can be an important factor to help evaluate the prognosis of CRC when combined with the analysis of MMR status within tumor biopsied tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of hematology and oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhi-Tao Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Todd A Braciak
- Department of hematology and oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuat S Oduncu
- Department of hematology and oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Politis DS, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV, Christodoulou DK. Pseudopolyps in inflammatory bowel diseases: Have we learned enough? World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1541-1551. [PMID: 28321155 PMCID: PMC5340806 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i9.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopolyps are a well described entity in the literature and even though the exact pathogenesis of their formation is not completely understood, they are considered non-neoplastic lesions originating from the mucosa after repeated periods of inflammation and ulceration associated with excessive healing processes. Their occurrence is less common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis, and their overall prevalence ranges from 4% to 74%; moreover, they are found more often in colon but have been detected in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract as well. When their size exceeds the arbitrary point of 1.5 cm, they are classified as giant pseudopolyps. Clinical evaluation should differentiate the pseudopolyps from other polypoid lesions, such as the dysplasia-associated mass or lesion, but this situation represents an ongoing clinical challenge. Pseudopolyps can provoke complications such as bleeding or obstruction, and their management includes medical therapy, endoscopy and surgery; however, no consensus exists about the optimal treatment approach. Patients with pseudopolyps are considered at intermediate risk for colorectal cancer and regular endoscopic monitoring is recommended. Through a review of the literature, we provide here a proposed classification of the characteristics of pseudopolyps.
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Santos SCDD, Barbosa LER. Crohn's disease: risk factor for colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disease that can reach any part of the gastrointestinal tract. This disease has been associated with an increased neoplastic risk, including colorectal carcinoma.
Objective The objective of this work is to describe the mechanisms present in two diseases, and that are responsible for the increased risk in Crohn's disease.
Methods A bibliographic research was conducted in PubMed database. In addition to the articles obtained with an inserted query in Pubmed, other references relevant to the topic in question were included.
Results Colorectal cancer risk varies according to the presence of certain factors, and an example of this is Crohn's disease. Chronic inflammation seems to be an important contribution to carcinogenesis, since it creates a microenvironment suitable for the onset and progression of the disease. There are molecular changes that are common to two conditions, thus justifying the fact of Crohn's disease being a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma. The disease control with an appropriate therapy and with surveillance are two ways to control this risk.
Conclusions A proinflammatory state is the cornerstone in the association between Crohn's disease and colorectal carcinoma. The implementation of surveillance strategies allowed a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Elisabete Ribeiro Barbosa
- Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto, Portugal
- Hospital de São João, Serviço de Cirurgia Geral, Porto, Portugal
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Sturm A, Maaser C, Mendall M, Karagiannis D, Karatzas P, Ipenburg N, Sebastian S, Rizzello F, Limdi J, Katsanos K, Schmidt C, Jeuring S, Colombo F, Gionchetti P. European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on IBD in the Elderly. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:263-273. [PMID: 27797918 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This ECCO topical review of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and outcome of the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, in elderly patients. The objective was to reach expert consensus to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sturm
- Department of Gastroenterology, DRK Kliniken Berlin I Westend. Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Charite, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Maaser
- Outpatients Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Lüneburg, Bögelstraße 1, 21339 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Michael Mendall
- Croydon University Hospital, Mayday Road, CR4 7YE Thornton Heath; & St George's Medical School, Cranmer Terrace SW17 ORE, UK
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iatriko Kentro Athinon, Dervenakion St. 3, 14572 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Karatzas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Nienke Ipenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- IBD Unit, Hull & East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Jimmy Limdi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester M8 5RB, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, University and Medical School of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Steven Jeuring
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Colombo
- Dipartimento di Area Chirurgica, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco"- Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138 Bologna, BO, Italy
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Fuhler GM, Eppinga H, Peppelenbosch MP. Fumarates and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:3-5. [PMID: 27986420 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of intermediate metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in tumor cells can cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies show that the oncometabolite fumarate, which accumulates in fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cancers, confers tumor aggressiveness by causing epigenetic changes in the antimetastatic miRNA cluster mir-200ba429. This may have important implications for the use of fumarates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester Eppinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Torres J, Caprioli F, Katsanos KH, Lobatón T, Micic D, Zerôncio M, Van Assche G, Lee JC, Lindsay JO, Rubin DT, Panaccione R, Colombel JF. Predicting Outcomes to Optimize Disease Management in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1385-1394. [PMID: 27282402 PMCID: PMC5174730 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Efforts to slow or prevent the progressive course of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] include early and intensive monitoring and treatment of patients at higher risk for complications. It is therefore essential to identify high-risk patients - both at diagnosis and throughout disease course. METHODS As a part of an IBD Ahead initiative, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify predictors of long-term IBD prognosis and generate draft expert summary statements. Statements were refined at national meetings of IBD experts in 32 countries and were finalized at an international meeting in November 2014. RESULTS Patients with Crohn's disease presenting at a young age or with extensive anatomical involvement, deep ulcerations, ileal/ileocolonic involvement, perianal and/or severe rectal disease or penetrating/stenosing behaviour should be regarded as high risk for complications. Patients with ulcerative colitis presenting at young age, with extensive colitis and frequent flare-ups needing steroids or hospitalization present increased risk for colectomy or future hospitalization. Smoking status, concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis and concurrent infections may impact the course of disease. Current genetic and serological markers lack accuracy for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Simple demographic and clinical features can guide the clinician in identifying patients at higher risk for disease complications at diagnosis and throughout disease course. However, many of these risk factors have been identified retrospectively and lack validation. Appropriately powered prospective studies are required to inform algorithms that can truly predict the risk for disease progression in the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Torres
- Surgical Department, Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano and Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Triana Lobatón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dejan Micic
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Marco Zerôncio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Potiguar University School of Medicine, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Yoshino T, Nakase H, Takagi T, Bamba S, Okuyama Y, Kawamura T, Oki T, Obata H, Kawanami C, Katsushima S, Kusaka T, Tsujikawa T, Naito Y, Andoh A, Kogawa T. Risk factors for developing colorectal cancer in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective observational study-CAPITAL (Cohort and Practice for IBD total management in Kyoto-Shiga Links) study I. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2016; 3:e000122. [PMID: 27933204 PMCID: PMC5128829 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC), despite the development of new therapeutic agents. Stratification of the individual UC-patient's risk would be helpful to validate the risk factors for CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the development of CRC in a large cohort of patients with UC. Methods Data were obtained from 12 hospitals in the Kyoto-Shiga region during 2003–2013. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 2137 patients with UC. Results In total, 60 lesions of CRC were detected in 43 (2.0%) of 2137 patients. 30 of the 43 patients were male. The median age was 53 years. The median duration of disease was 13 years, and 67.4% of these patients had a disease duration >10 years. Of the 43 patients, 34 (79.1%) had extensive colitis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was detected in 2 patients (4.7%). The median corticosteroids (CS) dose was 6.4 g, and 4 patients were treated with a total of more than 10 g of CS. 18 of these patients underwent more than 1 year CS treatment. Of all 60 CRC lesions, 43 (71.7%) were located in the distal colon and 35 (58.3%) were of the superficial type. Moreover, the stage of CRC was stage 0 or I in 55.8% of the 43 patients with CRC. Multivariate analysis suggested that extensive colitis could be a risk factor for the development of advanced CRC in patients with UC. Conclusions Our findings indicated that male, extensive colitis, long-term duration of UC and family history of CRC, but not concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis, are important factors for predicting CRC in Japanese patients with UC. Moreover, long-standing extensive colitis might contribute to the progression of CRC. Further studies are required to establish CRC surveillance in Japanese patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Center, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Gastroenterology , Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital , Otsu , Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology , Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | | | - Chiharu Kawanami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital , Otsu , Japan
| | - Shinji Katsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kusaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Digestive Disease Center, Kyoto Katsura Hospital , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsujikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , National Hospital Organization, Higashi-Ohmi Medical Center , Higashi-Ohmi , Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Division of Gastroenterology , Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital , Otsu , Japan
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Pereira C, Coelho R, Grácio D, Dias C, Silva M, Peixoto A, Lopes P, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Macedo G, Magro F. DNA Damage and Oxidative DNA Damage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1316-1323. [PMID: 27095753 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation has long been regarded as a major contributor to cellular oxidative damage and to be involved in the promotion of carcinogenesis. METHODS We aimed to investigate the oxidative damage in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients through a case-control and prospective study involving 344 IBD patients and 294 healthy controls. DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage were measured by comet assay techniques, and oxidative stress by plasmatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Higher DNA damage [p < 0.001] was found both in Crohn's disease [CD] (9.7 arbitrary units [AU]; interquartile range [IQR]: 6.2-14.0) and ulcerative colitis [UC] [7.1 AU; IQR: 4.4-11.7], when compared with controls [5.4 AU; IQR: 3.8-6.8], and this was also the case with oxidative DNA damage [p < 0.001] [CD: 3.6 AU; IQR: 1.8-6.8; UC: 4.6 AU; IQR: 2.4-8.1], when compared with controls: 2.3 AU; IQR: 1.2-4.2]. Stratifying patients into groups according to therapy (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA], azathioprine, anti-TNF, and combined therapy [azathioprine and anti-TNF]) revealed significant between-group differences in the level of DNA damage, both in CD and UC, with the combined therapy exhibiting the highest DNA damage levels [11.6 AU; IQR: 9.5-14.3, and 12.4 AU; IQR: 10.6-15.0, respectively]. Among CD patients, disease behaviour [B1 and B2], and age at diagnosis over 40 years [A3] stand as risk factors for DNA damage. For UC patients, the risk factors found for DNA damage were disease activity, treatment, age at diagnosis under 40 years [A1 + A2] and disease locations [E2 and E3]. CONCLUSIONS In IBD there is an increase in DNA damage, and treatment, age at diagnosis and inflammatory burden seem to be risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Grácio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Dias
- Health Information and Decision Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Marco Silva
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Armando Peixoto
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health - Environmental Health Department, Oporto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- MedInUP - Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal .,Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar São João, Oporto, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
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