1
|
Suetsugu K, Okada H, Hirota SK, Suyama Y. Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal associations between Japanese Oxygyne (Thismiaceae) species and Glomeraceae fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:836-841. [PMID: 35445414 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Okada
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shun K Hirota
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Z, Li X, Liu MF, Merckx VSFT, Saunders RMK, Zhang D. Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1614-1627. [PMID: 33408367 PMCID: PMC8163756 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Ming Fai Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XNaturalis Biodiversity Center, 2332 AA Leiden, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. K. Saunders
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suetsugu K, Matsuoka S, Shutoh K, Okada H, Taketomi S, Onimaru K, Tanabe AS, Yamanaka H. Mycorrhizal communities of two closely related species, Pyrola subaphylla and P. japonica, with contrasting degrees of mycoheterotrophy in a sympatric habitat. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:219-229. [PMID: 33215330 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycoheterotrophic plants typically form associations with a narrow range of mycorrhizal fungi. Consequently, mycorrhizal specialization is often considered to be an important step in mycoheterotrophic evolution. However, it remains unclear whether such specialization is likely to occur in plants of the genus Pyrola, which are generally associated with fungi in multiple ectomycorrhizal families. Here, we investigated the mycorrhizal communities of a nearly fully mycoheterotrophic Pyrola species (Pyrola subaphylla), a closely related partially mycoheterotrophic Pyrola species (Pyrola japonica), and a co-occurring autotrophic ectomycorrhizal tree, Quercus crispula, which is their potential carbon source, in a cool-temperate Japanese forest. High-throughput DNA sequencing revealed that numerous common ectomycorrhizal OTUs interact with the two Pyrola species and Q. crispula, thereby providing an opportunity to exploit a certain amount of carbon from common mycorrhizal networks. In addition, not only P. japonica but also P. subaphylla exhibited exceptionally high alpha mycobiont diversity, with 52 ectomycorrhizal OTUs belonging to 12 families being identified as P. subaphylla mycobionts and 69 ectomycorrhizal OTUs in 18 families being detected as P. japonica mycobionts. Nonetheless, the beta mycobiont diversity of P. subaphylla and P. japonica individuals was significantly lower than that of Q. crispula. Moreover, the beta mycobiont diversity of P. subaphylla was found to be significantly lower than that of P. japonica. Therefore, despite their seemingly broad mycorrhizal interactions, the two Pyrola species (particularly P. subaphylla) showed consistent fungal associations, suggesting that mycorrhizal specialization may have developed during the course of mycoheterotrophic evolution within the genus Pyrola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kohtaroh Shutoh
- The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hidehito Okada
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Taketomi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kaede Onimaru
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akifumi S Tanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
- Center for Biodiversity Science, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyake H, Ishitsuka S, Taniguchi T, Yamato M. Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in forest ecosystems in Japan's temperate region may be primarily constituted by limited fungal taxa. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:257-268. [PMID: 32170391 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in secondary forests and/or Chamaecyparis obtusa plantations at eight study sites in Japan's temperate region. In the secondary forests, AM plants of the families Lauraceae, Sapindaceae, Rutaceae, Araliaceae, Rosaceae, Magnoliaceae, Cornaceae, Piperaceae, and Anacardiaceae were found. The AM fungal communities were evaluated based on compositions of the AM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were clustered at a 97% similarity threshold of the sequences of a partial small subunit of a nuclear ribosomal RNA gene obtained from the plant roots. The compositions of AM fungal OTUs were significantly correlated with the plant family compositions and were significantly differentiated among the study sites and between the study forests. Interestingly, only 19 OTUs remained after selecting for those that had more than 1.0% of the total reads, and these 19 OTUs accounted for 86.3% of the total rarefied reads that were classified into 121 OTUs. Furthermore, three dominant OTUs constituted 48.0% of the total reads, and the most dominant OTU was found at all study sites, except at one. These results indicate that AM fungal communities are primarily constituted by limited AM fungal taxa in the forest ecosystems with diverse plant taxa in Japan's temperate region. The results of basic local algorithm search tool (BLAST) searches against MaarjAM, a database of AM fungal sequences, also revealed that the AM fungi which were the three dominant OTUs are distributed in forest ecosystems on a worldwide scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miyake
- Graduate School of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishitsuka
- Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taniguchi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamato
- Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suetsugu K, Matsubayashi J, Ogawa NO, Murata S, Sato R, Tomimatsu H. Isotopic evidence of arbuscular mycorrhizal cheating in a grassland gentian species. Oecologia 2020; 192:929-937. [PMID: 32172377 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
All orchids and pyroloids are mycoheterotrophic at least in the early stage. Many species are predisposed to mycoheterotrophic nutrition even in the adult stage, due to the initial mycoheterotrophy during germination. Although other green plants, such as gentian species, also produce numerous minute seeds, whose germination may depend on fungal associations to meet C demands, physiological evidence for partial mycoheterotrophy in the adult stage is lacking for most candidate taxa. Here, we compared the natural abundances of 13C and 15N isotopes in the AM-associated gentian species Pterygocalyx volubilis growing in high-light-intensity habitats with those of co-occurring autotrophic C3 and C4 plants and AM fungal spores. We found that P. volubilis was significantly enriched in 13C compared with the surrounding C3 plants, which suggests the transfer of some C from the surrounding autotrophic plants through shared AM networks. In addition, the intermediate δ15N values of P. volubilis, between those of autotrophic plants and AM fungal spores, provide further evidence for partial mycoheterotrophy in P. volubilis. Although it is often considered that light deficiency selects partial mycoheterotrophy, we show that partial mycoheterotrophy in AM-forming plants can evolve even under light-saturated conditions. The fact that there have been relatively few descriptions of partial mycoheterotrophy in AM plants may not necessarily reflect the rarity of such associations. In conclusion, partial mycoheterotrophy in AM plants may be more common than hitherto believed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoe Murata
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Risa Sato
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomes SIF, van Bodegom PM, Merckx VSFT, Soudzilovskaia N. Environmental drivers for cheaters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tropical rainforests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1575-1583. [PMID: 31038750 PMCID: PMC6771734 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant species cheat the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Their patchy local occurrence suggests constraints by biotic and abiotic factors, among which the role of soil chemistry and nutrient status has not been investigated. Here, we examine the edaphic drivers predicting the local-scale distribution of mycoheterotrophic plants in two lowland rainforests in South America. We compared soil chemistry and nutrient status in plots where mycoheterotrophic plants were present with those without these plants. Soil pH, soil nitrate, and the interaction between soil potassium and nitrate concentrations were the best predictors for the occurrence of mycoheterotrophic plants in these tropical rainforests. Mycoheterotrophic plant occurrences decreased with a rise in each of these predictors. This indicates that these plants are associated with low-fertility patches. Such low-fertility conditions coincide with conditions that potentially favour a weak mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi according to the trade balance model. Our study points out which soil properties favour the cheating of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks in tropical forests. The patchy occurrence of mycoheterotrophic plants suggests that local soil heterogeneity causes the stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal networks to vary at a very small scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. F. Gomes
- Institute of Environmental SciencesLeiden University2333 CCLeidenthe Netherlands
- Understanding Evolution GroupNaturalis Biodiversity Center2332 AALeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental SciencesLeiden University2333 CCLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
- Understanding Evolution GroupNaturalis Biodiversity Center2332 AALeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Evolutionary and Population BiologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kusakabe R, Taniguchi T, Goomaral A, Undarmaa J, Yamanaka N, Yamato M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities under gradients of grazing in Mongolian grasslands of different aridity. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:621-634. [PMID: 30043258 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Mongolian grassland were characterized under gradients of grazing intensity at three study sites of different aridity: mountain forest steppe at Hustai National Park (Hustai), and desert steppe at Mandalgovi and Bulgan. Grazing intensity was classified into three categories: lightly grazed (LG), moderately grazed (MG), and heavily grazed (HG). With regard to floristic composition, grazing decreased the shoot biomass of Poaceae species, especially Stipa spp. Distinctness of the AM fungal communities was observed among the three study sites, but most of the AM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that comprised over 1.0% of the total reads were ubiquitous. This result indicates that the AM fungal communities may be derived from similar AM fungal floras in correspondence with environmental factors. The composition of AM fungal communities differed significantly among the grazing intensities at all study sites. The relative abundance of the most dominant AM fungal OTU of the LG plots decreased with an increase in grazing intensity at all study sites. The mean proportions of the most dominant AM fungal OTUs also decreased with increased grazing intensity at Hustai. Dominance by a single AM fungal taxon may be a typical ecological feature of the AM fungal symbiosis, and grazing disturbs AM fungal community structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kusakabe
- Graduate School of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taniguchi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Altansukh Goomaral
- Department of Biotechnology and Breeding, Mongolian State University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 61, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Jamsran Undarmaa
- Center for Ecosystem Studies, Mongolian State University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 61, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Norikazu Yamanaka
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamato
- Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|