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Pimentão AR, Cuco AP, Pascoal C, Cássio F, Castro BB. Current trends and mismatches on fungicide use and assessment of the ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123678. [PMID: 38447649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of off-site ecological impacts of pesticides and policy efforts worldwide, pesticide use is still far from being ecologically sustainable. Fungicides are among the most sold classes of pesticides and are crucial to ensure global food supply and security. This study aimed to identify potential gaps of knowledge and mismatches between research and usage data of fungicides by: (i) systematizing the current trends in global sales of fungicides, focusing on the European context in particular (where they are proportionally important); (ii) reviewing the scientific literature on the impacts of synthetic fungicides on non-target freshwater organisms. Sales data revealed important global and regional asymmetries in the relative importance of fungicides and the preferred active ingredients. The literature review on the ecological effects of fungicides disclosed a mismatch between the most studied and the most sold substances, as well as a bias towards the use of single species assays with standard test organisms. To ensure a proper evaluation, risk scenarios should focus on a regional scale, and research agendas must highlight sensitive aquatic ecorreceptors and improve the crosstalk between analytical and sales data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pimentão
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cuco
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno B Castro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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2
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Xing S, Shen Q, Ji C, You L, Li J, Wang M, Yang G, Hao Z, Zhang X, Chen B. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviates arsenic phytotoxicity in flooded Iris tectorum Maxim. dependent on arsenic exposure levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122841. [PMID: 37940019 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in wetlands has emerged as a serious global concern, posing potential threat to the growth of wetland plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can alleviate As phytotoxicity to host plants, but their ecological functions in wetland plants under flooding conditions remain largely unknown. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted using Rhizophagus irregularis and Iris tectorum Maxim. exposed to light (15 and 30 mg/kg As) and high (75 and 100 mg/kg As) levels of As, to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant As tolerance under flooding conditions. The mycorrhizal colonization rates ranged from 31.47 ± 3.92 % to 60.69 ± 5.58 %, which were higher than the colonization rate (29.55 ± 13.60%) before flooding. AMF significantly increased biomass of I. tectorum under light As levels, together with increased phosphorus (P) and As uptake. Moreover, expression of arsenate reductase gene RiarsC and a trace of dimethylarsenic (1.87 mg/kg in shoots) were detected in mycorrhizal plants, suggesting As transformation and detoxification by AMF exposed to light levels of As. However, under high As levels, AMF inhibited As translocation from roots to shoots, and facilitated the formation of iron plaque. The immobilized As concentrations in iron plaque of mycorrhizal plants were respectively 1133.68 ± 179.17 mg/kg and 869.11 ± 248.90 mg/kg at 75 and 100 mg/kg As addition level, both significantly higher than that in non-inoculated plants. Irrespective of As exposure levels, mycorrhizal symbiosis decreased soil As bioavailability. Overall, the study provides insights into the alleviation of As phytotoxicity in natural wetland plants through mycorrhizal symbiosis, and potentially indicates function diversity of AMF under flooding conditions and As stress, supporting the subsequent phytoremediation and restoration of As-contaminated wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Luhua You
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Huangfu C, Wang B, Hu W. Mycorrhizal colonization had little effect on growth of Carex thunbergii but inhibited its nitrogen uptake under deficit water supply. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:217-227. [PMID: 37464876 PMCID: PMC10583201 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant nitrogen (N) acquisition via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serves as a dominant pathway in the N nutrition of many plants, but the functional impact of AMF in acquisition of N by wetland plants has not been well quantified. Subtropical lake-wetland ecosystems are characterized by seasonal changes in the water table and low N availability in soil. Yet, it is unclear whether and how AMF alters the N acquisition pattern of plants for various forms of N and how this process is influenced by soil water conditions. METHODS We performed a pot study with Carex thunbergii that were either colonized by AMF or not colonized and also subjected to different water conditions. We used 15N labelling to track plant N uptake. KEY RESULTS Colonization by AMF had little effect on the biomass components of C. thunbergii but did significantly affect the plant functional traits and N acquisition in ways that were dependent on the soil water conditions. The N uptake rate of AMF-colonized plants was significantly lower than that of the non-colonized plants in conditions of low soil water. A decreased NO3- uptake rate in AMF-colonized plants reduced the N:P ratio of the plants. Although C. thunbergii predominantly took up N in the form of NO3-, higher water availability increased the proportion of N taken up as NH4+, irrespective of the inoculation status. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of AMF colonization in controlling the N uptake strategies of plants and can improve predictions of N budget under the changing water table conditions in this subtropical wetland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohe Huangfu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wuqiong Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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Kato-Noguchi H. Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World's Worst Alien Plant Species Mimosa pigra and Its Management. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1960. [PMID: 37653876 PMCID: PMC10221770 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mimosa pigra is native to Tropical America, and it has naturalized in many other countries especially in Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. The species is listed in the top 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species and is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. M. pigra forms very large monospecific stands in a wet-dry tropical climate with conditions such as floodplains, riverbanks, grasslands, forests and agricultural fields. The stands expand quickly and threaten the native flora and fauna in the invasive ranges. Possible mechanisms of the invasion of the species have been investigated and accumulated in the literature. The characteristics of the life history such as the high reproduction and high growth rate, vigorous mutualism with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, very few natural enemies, and allelopathy, and certain secondary metabolites may contribute to the invasiveness and naturalization of M. pigra. Herbicide application, such as aerial spraying, foliar, cut-stump and soil treatments, is the primary control methods of M. pigra. The investigation of the natural enemies of M. pigra has been conducted in its native ranges since 1979, and biological control agents have been selected based on host specificity, rearing and availability. Mechanical control practices, such as hand weeding, bulldozing, chaining and fire, were also effective. However, the species often regrow from the remaining plant parts. Integration of multiple weed control practices may be more effective than any single practice. This is the first review article focusing on the invasive mechanism of M. pigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan
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Tondera K, Chazarenc F, Brisson J, Chagnon PL. Structure and impact of root-associated fungi in treatment wetland mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159958. [PMID: 36343819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root fungal endophytes have been shown to play a positive role in soil phytoremediation by immobilizing or degrading contaminants. In comparison, little is known about their ecological functions and possible role in improving plant performance in treatment wetlands. In a greenhouse study, we compared the structure of fungal communities associated with Phragmites australis roots in treatment wetland mesocosms fed with pre-treated wastewater to mesocosms fed with drinking water. We evaluated the role of water source as an environmental filter structuring fungal communities, and correlated the relative abundances of fungal taxa with key services delivered by the wetlands (i.e., biomass production and nutrient removal). Mesocosms fed with wastewater had higher fungal alpha-diversity. Contrary to expectations, many fungi were unique to drinking water-fed mesocosms, suggesting that the oligotrophic conditions prevailing in these mesocosms benefited specific fungal taxa. On the other hand, wastewater-fed mesocosms had a slightly higher proportion of sequence reads belonging to fungal species recognized as potential endophytes and phytopathogens, highlighting the potential role of wastewater as a source of plant-associated fungi. Interestingly, we found contrasted association patterns between fungal species' relative abundances and different treatment wetland services (e.g., N vs P removal), such that some fungi were positively associated with N removal but negatively associated with P removal. This suggests that fungal endophytes may be functionally complementary in their contribution to distinct mesocosm services, thus supporting arguments in favor of microbial diversity in phytotechnologies. Because of the wide alpha-diversity of fungal communities, and the fact that with current databases, most species remained unassigned to a specific function (or even guild), further investigation is needed to link fungal community structure and service delivery in treatment wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tondera
- INRAE, REVERSAAL, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France; IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de Loire, Department of Energy Systems and Environment, 44307 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Jacques Brisson
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Pierre-Luc Chagnon
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Marro N, Grilli G, Soteras F, Caccia M, Longo S, Cofré N, Borda V, Burni M, Janoušková M, Urcelay C. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species and taxonomic groups on stressed and unstressed plants: a global meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:320-332. [PMID: 35302658 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The great majority of plants gain access to soil nutrients and enhance their performance under stressful conditions through symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The benefits that AMF confer vary among species and taxonomic groups. However, a comparative analysis of the different benefits among AMF has not yet been performed. We conducted a global meta-analysis of recent studies testing the benefits of individual AMF species and main taxonomic groups in terms of plant performance (growth and nutrition). Separately, we examined AMF benefits to plants facing biotic (pathogens, parasites, and herbivores) and abiotic (drought, salinity, and heavy metals) stress. AMF had stronger positive effects on phosphorus nutrition than on plant growth and nitrogen nutrition and the effects on the growth of plants facing biotic and abiotic stresses were similarly positive. While the AMF taxonomic groups showed positive effects on plant performance either with or without stress, Diversisporales were the most beneficial to plants without stress and Gigasporales to plants facing biotic stress. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of different AMF species and taxonomic groups on plant performance and useful insights for their management and use as bio-inoculants for agriculture and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Marro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Grilli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Soteras
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Milena Caccia
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Noelia Cofré
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valentina Borda
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magali Burni
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martina Janoušková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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Guo X, Wang P, Wang X, Li Y, Ji B. Specific Plant Mycorrhizal Responses Are Linked to Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930069. [PMID: 35755699 PMCID: PMC9226604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plants span the continuum from mutualism to parasitism due to the plant-AMF specificity, which obscures the utilization of AMF in the restoration of degraded lands. Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum laeve, Caragana microphylla, and Poa annua are the most frequently used plants for revegetation in Kubuqi Desert, China, and the influence of AMF on their re-establishment remains to be explored further. Herein, using a greenhouse experiment, we tested the plant-AMF feedbacks between the four plant species and their conspecific or heterospecific AMF, retrieved from their rhizosphere in the Kubuqi Desert. AMF showed beneficial effects on plant growth for all these plant-AMF pairs. Generally, AMF increased the biomass of C. korshinskii, H. laeve, C. microphylla, and P. annua by 97.6, 50.6, 46.5, and 381.1%, respectively, relative to control. In addition, the AMF-plant specificity was detected. P. annua grew best, but C. microphylla grew worst with conspecific AMF communities. AMF community from P. annua showed the largest beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 63.9-734.4%), while the AMF community from C. microphylla showed the least beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 9.9-59.1%), except for P. annua (a 292.4% increase in biomass). The magnitude of AMF effects on plant growth was negatively correlated with the complexity of the corresponding AMF co-occurrence networks. Overall, this study suggests that AMF effects on plant growth vary due to plant-AMF specificity. We also observed the broad-spectrum benefits of the native AMF from P. annua, which indicates its potential utilization in the restoration of the desert vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Command Center for Integrated Natural Resource Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Taxonomic Diversity of Fungi and Bacteria in Azoé-NP® Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants, fungi, bacteria and protozoa are highly interconnected in constructed wetlands. These heterogeneous groups of organisms constitute a single system with complex internal trophic interactions. Thus, the joint activity of micro- and macroorganisms in constructed wetlands provides highly efficient wastewater treatment: both nutrients and complex organic substances can be effectively removed in branched trophic chains. The bacterial community of constructed wetlands has recently received much attention, while the fungal component remains less studied, particularly saprotrophic fungi. This paper reveals a taxonomic analysis of the cultivated saprotrophic fungi combined with the bacterial community in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VSCWs) operated by the Azoé-NP® process. These systems have unique features to affect the microbial community, which results in a high treatment efficiency and nitrogen removal. There are very few studies of saprotrophic fungi in VFCWs, while this work shows their abundance and diversity in VFCWs. We found 62 species of cultivated microscopic fungi and described the taxonomic composition of bacterial and fungal community at all wastewater treatment stages. In the studied VFCWs, we identified the species of micromycetes, which proved effective in the removal of contaminants. The data obtained can provide a deeper insight into the characteristics of Azoé-NP® systems and the treatment processes occurring in constructed wetlands.
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Deepika S, Kothamasi D. Plant hosts may influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition in mangrove estuaries. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:699-711. [PMID: 34477968 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of plant host and soil variables in determining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition in plant roots of two spatially separated mangrove estuaries on the rivers Aghanashini (14° 30' 30″ N-74° 22' 44″ E) and Gangavali (14° 35' 26″ N-74° 17' 51″ E) on the west coast of India. Both mangrove estuaries had similar plant species composition but differed in soil chemistries.We amplified a 550-bp portion of 18S small subunit (SSU) rDNA from mangrove plant roots and analysed it by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Clones representing unique RFLP patterns were sequenced. A total of 736 clones were obtained from roots of seven and five plant species sampled at Aghanashini and Gangavali, respectively. AMF phylotype numbers in plant roots at Aghanashini (12) were higher than at Gangavali (9) indicating quantitative differences in the AMF community composition in plant roots at the two mangrove estuaries. Because both estuaries had similar plant species composition, the quantitative difference in AMF communities between the estuaries could be an attribute of the differences in rhizospheric chemistry between the two sites.Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed overlap in the AMF communities of the two sites. Three and two AMF phylotypes had significant indicator value indices with specific hosts at Aghanashini and Gangavali, respectively. Environmental vector fitting to NMDS ordination did not reveal a significant effect of any soil variable on AMF composition at the two sites. However, significant effects of both plant hosts and sites were observed on rhizospheric P. Our results indicate that root AMF community composition may be an outcome of plant response to rhizospheric variables. This suggests that plant identity may have a primary role in shaping AMF communities in mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Deepika
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 002, India.
| | - David Kothamasi
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
- Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland
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Ban Y, Xiao Z, Wu C, Lv Y, Meng F, Wang J, Xu Z. The positive effects of inoculation using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and/or dark septate endophytes on the purification efficiency of CuO-nanoparticles-polluted wastewater in constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126095. [PMID: 34492904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which, and mechanisms by which, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) purify wetlands polluted by metallic nanoparticles (metallic NPs) are not well understood. In this study, micro-vertical flow constructed wetlands (MVFCWs) with the Phragmites australis (reeds)-AMF/DSE symbiont were used to treat CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs)-polluted wastewater. The results showed that (1) the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and CuO-NPs in three inoculated groups significantly exceeded those in the control check (CK) groups by 28.94-98.72%, 16.63-47.66%, and 0.53-19.12%, respectively; (2) inoculation with AMF and/or DSE significantly promoted the growth, nutrient content, and photosynthesis of reeds, increased the osmoregulation substance content and antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents of reeds under CuO-NPs stress; (3) higher Cu accumulation and smaller transport coefficients were found in the inoculated groups than in the CK group; (4) inoculation with AMF and/or DSE changed the subcellular structure distribution and chemical form of Cu in reeds. We therefore conclude that inoculation with AMF and/or DSE in MVFCWs improves the purification of CuO-NPs-polluted wastewater, and the MVFCW-reeds-AMF/DSE associations exhibit great potential for application in remediation of metallic-NPs-polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zong Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fake Meng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Xu Z, Wu C, Lv Y, Meng F, Ban Y. Effects of Aeration on the Formation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under a Flooded State and Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Removal in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:922-931. [PMID: 33188444 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) planted with Phragmites australis were operated at different aeration times (4 h day-1 and 8 h day-1), aeration modes (continuous and intermittent), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments (inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and no inoculation) to explore the effects of different aeration strategies on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza under a flooded state in VFCWs. In addition, these VFCWs were further used to treat copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) wastewater to evaluate the correlations among aeration, colonization, growth, and CuO-NP removal. The highest AMF 28S copy number (1.99×105) and colonization in reed roots, with values of 67%, 21%, and 1% for frequency (F%), intensity (M%), and arbuscule abundance (A%), were observed in the treatment with intermittent aeration for 4 h day-1. Aeration significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and AMF colonization in VFCWs, thereby promoting plant growth and the purification of the CuO-NPs. However, excessive and continuous aeration had little positive effect on AMF colonization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of AMF for improving pollutant removal performance in constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fake Meng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yihui Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Sudová R, Rydlová J, Čtvrtlíková M, Kohout P, Oehl F, Voříšková J, Kolaříková Z. Symbiosis of isoetid plant species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under aquatic versus terrestrial conditions. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:273-288. [PMID: 33486575 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the roots of numerous aquatic and wetland plants, but the establishment and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis in submerged habitats have received only little attention. Three pot experiments were conducted to study the interaction of isoetid plants with native AMF. In the first experiment, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis did not establish in roots of Isoëtes echinospora and I. lacustris, while Littorella uniflora roots were highly colonized. Shoot and root biomass of L. uniflora were, however, not affected by AMF inoculation, and only one of nine AMF isolates significantly increased shoot P concentration. In the second experiment, we compared colonization by three Glomus tetrastratosum isolates of different cultivation history and origin (aquatic versus terrestrial) and their effects on L. uniflora growth and phosphorus nutrition under submerged versus terrestrial conditions. The submerged cultivation considerably slowed, but did not inhibit mycorrhizal root colonization, regardless of isolate identity. Inoculation with any AMF isolate improved plant growth and P uptake under terrestrial, but not submerged conditions. In the final experiment, we compared the communities of AMF established in two cultivation regimes of trap cultures with lake sediments, either submerged on L. uniflora or terrestrial on Zea mays. After 2-year cultivation, we did not detect a significant effect of cultivation regime on AMF community composition. In summary, although submerged conditions do not preclude the development of functional AM symbiosis, the contribution of these symbiotic fungi to the fitness of their hosts seems to be considerably less than under terrestrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Sudová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 242 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Rydlová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 242 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Čtvrtlíková
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 242 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Oehl
- Agroscope, Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products, Ecotoxicology, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Jana Voříšková
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kolaříková
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 242 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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13
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Huang GM, Srivastava AK, Zou YN, Wu QS, Kuča K. Exploring arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in wetland plants with a focus on human impacts. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Van't Padje A, Oyarte Galvez L, Klein M, Hink MA, Postma M, Shimizu T, Kiers ET. Temporal tracking of quantum-dot apatite across in vitro mycorrhizal networks shows how host demand can influence fungal nutrient transfer strategies. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:435-449. [PMID: 32989245 PMCID: PMC8027207 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi function as conduits for underground nutrient transport. While the fungal partner is dependent on the plant host for its carbon (C) needs, the amount of nutrients that the fungus allocates to hosts can vary with context. Because fungal allocation patterns to hosts can change over time, they have historically been difficult to quantify accurately. We developed a technique to tag rock phosphorus (P) apatite with fluorescent quantum-dot (QD) nanoparticles of three different colors, allowing us to study nutrient transfer in an in vitro fungal network formed between two host roots of different ages and different P demands over a 3-week period. Using confocal microscopy and raster image correlation spectroscopy, we could distinguish between P transfer from the hyphae to the roots and P retention in the hyphae. By tracking QD-apatite from its point of origin, we found that the P demands of the younger root influenced both: (1) how the fungus distributed nutrients among different root hosts and (2) the storage patterns in the fungus itself. Our work highlights that fungal trade strategies are highly dynamic over time to local conditions, and stresses the need for precise measurements of symbiotic nutrient transfer across both space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Van't Padje
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Loreto Oyarte Galvez
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AMOLF Institute, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Klein
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Hink
- Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Postma
- Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Shimizu
- AMOLF Institute, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Blaus A, Reitalu T, Gerhold P, Hiiesalu I, Massante JC, Veski S. Modern Pollen–Plant Diversity Relationships Inform Palaeoecological Reconstructions of Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity in Calcareous Fens. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Hu S, Chen Z, Vosátka M, Vymazal J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and physiological functions toward wetland plants under different water regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137040. [PMID: 32044486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been widely reported to occur in the association with wetland plants. However, the factors that affect AMF colonization in wetland plants and physiological functions in AMF inoculated wetland plants are poorly studied. This study investigated the effects of four water regimes (below the surface of sands: water levels of 5 cm, 9 cm, 11 cm, and fluctuating water depth (9-11 cm)) on AMF root colonization in two wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea and Scirpus sylvaticus) which are commonly used in constructed wetland. Results showed that two lower water regimes were the most suitable for the formation of root colonization by AMF. Plant species did not show any significant difference in AMF colonization. The AMF colonization of 15.6-23.3% in the roots of both wetland plants were determined under the water regimes of 11 cm and 9-11 cm. In comparison to the non-inoculated plants, root length, shoot height, biomass, shoot total phosphorus and chlorophyll contents of both wetland plants under the fluctuating water regimes (9-11 cm) were increased by 35.4-46.2%, 13.1-26.6%, 33.3-114.3%, 25.7-80% and 14.3-24%, respectively. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both AMF inoculated wetland plants were decreased under the lower water levels, the MDA contents under the water regime of 11 cm were still high. Therefore, these results indicated that the physiological functions in wetland plants with high AMF colonization might be improved under a specific water regime condition (e.g. depth of fluctuating water regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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