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Fleifel M, Fleifel B, El Alam A. Diabetes Mellitus across the Arabo-Islamic World: A Revolution. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:5541808. [PMID: 38021083 PMCID: PMC10656201 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5541808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mankind continues to suffer from the ever-growing diabetes epidemic and the rapid rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This metabolic disease has been studied since ancient civilizations. The Arabo-Islamic civilization excelled in establishing some of the most notable discoveries and teachings that remained the blueprint for years to come in the field of diabetology. Aim This article aimed to review the ancient history of diabetes mellitus, with its main focus on the Arabo-Islamic civilization, and to report our subjective views and analysis of some of the past recommendations based on modern-day findings. Discussion. It is natural to have the teachings of medicine dynamically inspired by one civilization to another, as various fields continue to expand and evolve. This also applies to diabetology as the Arabo-Islamic world used the outlines of prior civilizations to revolutionize the understanding of the disease. Al-Razi and Ibn Sina are probably two of the most renowned polymaths in history, and their contributions to diabetology are well documented. Ibn Maymun's postulation about the higher prevalence of diabetes in Egypt as compared to Andalusia is something to be carefully studied. It could be that diabetes mellitus' underdiagnosis and late-stage detection are some of the major reasons for the disparity between the two mentioned regions. Modern-day Arabo-Islamic scholars continue to excel in revolutionizing diabetology. Conclusion The Arabo-Islamic world houses an impressive bout of scholars who have contributed since the ancient times to diabetology. This scientific locomotion shows no signs of stopping, as it continues to shine during the present day, and likely in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fleifel
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Andrew El Alam
- Endocrinology Division, Centre Hospitalier de Chartres, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Chartres, France
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2
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Bang SI, Kim HY, Seo WT, Lee AY, Cho EJ. Mulberry vinegar attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma-induced inflammatory responses in C6 glial cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14197. [PMID: 35471556 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of mulberry vinegar (MV) on the regulation of the inflammatory responses using C6 glial cells. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induced the nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation, while pre-incubation with MV inhibited these formations in a concentration-dependent manner. MV treatment also decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in C6 glial cells stimulated by LPS/IFN-γ. Compared to the LPS/IFN-γ-treated control group, the MV-treated group exerts downregulation in the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation. Protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 were also decreased in the MV-treated group. These findings suggest that MV prevents neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and glial activation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.) have been commonly consumed as juice or jam. It is a rich source of anthocyanins that might be associated with beneficial effects on human health, including the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. Mulberry vinegar was produced by alcohol and acetic fermentation of mulberry juice, and they possessed a protective effect against LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated inflammatory responses in glial cells via regulation of glial activation and NF-κB signaling pathway (i.e., downregulation of iNOS, COX-2, TLR4, p-IκB, and NF-κB p65 protein expressions). Although further research especially animal and clinical trials are still necessary, the present study will be helpful to scale-up the production of functional vinegar with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties using mulberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se In Bang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Weon Tack Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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3
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Ye Y, Shi L, Wang P, Yang M, Zhan P, Tian H, Liu J. Water extract of Ferula lehmanni Boiss. prevents high-fat diet-induced overweight and liver injury by modulating the intestinal microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:1603-1616. [PMID: 35076647 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, often accompanied by hepatic steatosis, has been associated with an increased risk of health complications such as fatty liver disease and certain cancers. Ferula lehmannii Boiss., a food and medicine homologue, has been used for centuries as a seasoning showing anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant effects on digestive discomfort. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether a short-term oral administration of water extract of Ferula lehmanni Boiss. (WEFL) could prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced abnormal weight gain and hepatic steatosis in mice and its underlying mechanisms. WEFL reduced HFD-increased body weight, liver injury markers and inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-6 and IL-1β), and inhibited the elevation of AMPKα, SREBP-1c and FAS in HFD. Moreover, WEFL reconstructed the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, e.g. Akkermansia spp., while decreasing Desulfovibrio spp. and so on, thereby reversing the detrimental effects of HFD in mice. Removal of the gut microbiota with antibiotics partially eliminated the hepatoprotective effects of WEFL. Notably, WEFL substantially promoted the levels of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. To clarify the functional components at play in WEFL, we used UPLC-MS/MS to comprehensively detect its substance composition and found it to be a collection of polyphenol-rich compounds. Together, our findings demonstrate that WEFL prevented HFD-induced obesity and liver injury through the hepatic-microbiota axis, and such health-promoting value might be explained by the enriched abundant polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ye
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Minmin Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ping Zhan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Honglei Tian
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China. .,Shaanxi Provincial Research Center of Functional Food Engineering Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianshu Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center of Functional Food Engineering Technology, Xi'an, China
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4
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Ousaaid D, Laaroussi H, Mechchate H, Bakour M, El Ghouizi A, Mothana RA, Noman O, Es-safi I, Lyoussi B, El Arabi I. The Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Artisanal and Industrial Apple Vinegars and Their Ability to Inhibit Key Enzymes Related to Type 2 Diabetes In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:567. [PMID: 35056882 PMCID: PMC8780035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was to determine the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition of apple vinegar produced by artisanal and industrial methods. Apple vinegar samples were analyzed to identify their electrical conductivity, pH, titratable acidity, total dry matter, Brix, density, mineral elements, polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C. The antioxidant activity of apple vinegar samples was evaluated using two tests, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Finally, we determined α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of artisanal and industrial apple vinegar. The results showed the following values: pH (3.69-3.19); electrical conductivity (2.81-2.79 mS/cm); titratable acidity (3.6-5.4); ash (4.61-2.90); °Brix (6.37-5.2); density (1.02476-1.02012), respectively, for artisanal apple vinegar and industrial apple vinegar. Concerning mineral elements, potassium was the most predominant element followed by sodium, magnesium, and calcium. Concerning bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C), the apple vinegar produced by the artisanal method was the richest sample in terms of bioactive compounds and had the highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. The findings of this study showed that the quality and biological activities of artisanal apple vinegar were more important than industrial apple vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Asmae El Ghouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.N.)
| | - Omar Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.M.); (O.N.)
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
| | - Ilham El Arabi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco; (D.O.); (H.L.); (M.B.); (A.E.G.); (B.L.); (I.E.A.)
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Yang Y, Xu NJ, Li JH, Zeng LF, Liang GH, Zhang F, Luo MH, Pan JK, Huang HT, Han YH, Zhao JL, Xiao X, Ma C, Liu H, Yang Y, Yang WY, Liu J. Exercise or Dietotherapy Is Not Better than Returning to a Regular Diet to Rebuild Lipid Homeostasis of Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3047437. [PMID: 34631878 PMCID: PMC8500750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3047437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to explore the effects of dietary and behavior interventions on lipometabolism caused by an unhealthy high-fat diet and the best method to rebuild lipid homeostasis of this lifestyle. Apart from normal diet rats, 34 rats were fed with high-fat emulsion for 4 weeks and then intervened for another 4 weeks. Eight of them were classified into high-fat control group, and 9 were sorted into high-fat diet with rice vinegar group. Meanwhile, 10 were put into high-fat diet in swimming group, and 7 were just for refeeding normal diet group. Then, the data of body weight was recorded and analyzed. Indexes of serum samples were tested by kits. AMPKα, HNF1α, and CTRP6 in pancreas, liver, cardiac, and epididymis adipose tissues were detected by western blot. According to our experiments, swimming and refeeding groups reflected a better regulation on lipid homeostasis mainly by upregulating the expression of pancreas AMPKα. To be more specific, the refeeding rats showed lower T-CHO (P < 0.001) and LDL-C (P < 0.05), but higher weight gain (P < 0.001), insulin level (P < 0.01), and pancreas AMPKα (P < 0.01) than high-fat control rats. Compared with rats intervened by swimming or rice vinegar, they showed higher weight gain (P < 0.001), insulin level (P < 0.01), and HNF1α, but lower of CTRP6. In summary, refeeding diet functioned better in regulating the lipometabolic level after high-fat diet. Whatever approach mentioned above we adopted to intervene, the best policy to keep the balance of lipid homeostasis is to maintain a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Jun Xu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Feng Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hong Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Hui Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ke Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Tao Huang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Han
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhao
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Yi Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Health Promoting Properties of Cereal Vinegars. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020344. [PMID: 33562762 PMCID: PMC7914830 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinegar has been used for its health promoting properties since antiquity. Nowadays, these properties are investigated, scientifically documented, and highlighted. The health benefits of vinegar have been associated with the presence of a variety of bioactive components such as acetic acid and other organic acids, phenolic compounds, amino acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, vitamins, minerals, and alkaloids, etc. These components are known to induce responses in the human body, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity and levels of bioactive components in vinegars depend on the raw material and the production method used. Cereal vinegars, which are more common in the Asia-Pacific region, are usually made from rice, although other cereals, such as millet, sorghum, barley, malt, wheat, corn, rye, oats, bran and chaff, are also used. A variety of bioactive components, such as organic acids, polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, melanoidins, butenolides, and specific compounds such as γ-oryzanol, tetramethylpyrazine, γ-aminobutyric acid, etc., have been associated with the health properties of cereal vinegars. In this work, the bioactive components and the related health effects of cereal vinegars are reviewed, and the most recent scientific literature is presented and discussed.
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Valdes DS, So D, Gill PA, Kellow NJ. Effect of Dietary Acetic Acid Supplementation on Plasma Glucose, Lipid Profiles, and Body Mass Index in Human Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:895-914. [PMID: 33436350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetic acid is a short-chain fatty acid that has demonstrated biomedical potential as a dietary therapeutic agent for the management of chronic and metabolic illness comorbidities. In human beings, its consumption may improve glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals with cardiometabolic conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Published clinical trial evidence evaluating its sustained supplementation effects on metabolic outcomes is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized available evidence on potential therapeutic effects of dietary acetic acid supplementation via consumption of acetic acid-rich beverages and food sources on metabolic and anthropometric outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science from database inception until October 2020. Randomized controlled trials conducted in adults evaluating the effect of dietary acetic acid supplementation for a minimum of 1 week were included. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model on fasting blood glucose (FBG), triacylglycerol (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by calculation of Q and I2 statistics, and publication bias was assessed by calculation of Egger's regression asymmetry and Begg's test. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included, involving 910 participants who consumed between 750 and 3600 mg acetic acid daily in interventions lasting an average of 8 weeks. Dietary acetic acid supplementation resulted in significant reductions in TAG concentrations in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy individuals (mean difference [MD] = -20.51 mg/dL [95% confidence intervals = -32.98, -8.04], P = .001) and people with type 2 diabetes (MD = -7.37 mg/dL [-10.15, -4.59], P < .001). Additionally, acetic acid supplementation significantly reduced FBG levels (MD = -35.73 mg/dL [-63.79, -7.67], P = .01) in subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with placebo and low-dose comparators. No other changes were seen for other metabolic or anthropometric outcomes assessed. Five of the 16 studies did not specify the dose of acetic acid delivered, and no studies measured blood acetate concentrations. Only one study controlled for background acetic acid-rich food consumption during intervention periods. Most studies had an unclear or high risk of bias. CONCLUSION Supplementation with dietary acetic acid is well tolerated, has no adverse side effects, and has clinical potential to reduce plasma TAG and FBG concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to reduce TAG levels in people who are overweight or obese. No significant effects of dietary acetic acid consumption were seen on HbA1c, HDL, or anthropometric markers. High-quality, longer-term studies in larger cohorts are required to confirm whether dietary acetic acid can act as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in metabolic comorbidities management.
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Fang CJ, You HC, Huang ZL, Hsu CL, Tsai CF, Lin YT, Kao YM, Tseng SH, Wang DY, Su NW. Simultaneous Analysis of the Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Acetoin and Acetic Acid by GC-C-IRMS for Adulteration Detection in Brewed Rice Vinegar Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14252-14260. [PMID: 33215927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously measure the stable carbon isotope ratio for acetic acid (δ 13Cacetic acid) and acetoin (δ13Cacetoin) in rice vinegar by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The method showed good precision and accuracy. With this method, data from 16 brewed rice vinegars and 10 acetic acid samples were used to evaluate the feasibility of adulteration detection. On the basis that all δ13Cacetoin values of brewed rice vinegars are nearly constant, a characteristic pattern of the stable carbon isotope in rice vinegar was built with the 95% confidence intervals for δ13Cacetic acid (-26.97 to -25.38‰), δ13Cacetoin (-28.14 to -27.09‰), and Δδ13C (0.61 to 2.27‰). An adulteration detection curve of Δδ13C was proposed based on the results of vinegar and acetic acid samples and confirmed by vinegar spiked with different amounts of acetic acid. This method could be useful in estimating the blending ratio of adulterated rice vinegar products. Products containing more than 10% of synthetic acetic acid could be possibly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Fang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road., Da'an District, Taipei City 106216, Taiwan
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng You
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ling Huang
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Che-Lun Hsu
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tze Lin
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Kao
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hsiang Tseng
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Wang
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City 115209, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road., Da'an District, Taipei City 106216, Taiwan
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9
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Launholt TL, Kristiansen CB, Hjorth P. Safety and side effects of apple vinegar intake and its effect on metabolic parameters and body weight: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2273-2289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Lynch KM, Zannini E, Wilkinson S, Daenen L, Arendt EK. Physiology of Acetic Acid Bacteria and Their Role in Vinegar and Fermented Beverages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:587-625. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M. Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Cork T12 K8AF Ireland
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Cork T12 K8AF Ireland
| | - Stuart Wilkinson
- Global Innovation & Technology CentreAnheuser‐Busch InBev nv/sa Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Luk Daenen
- Global Innovation & Technology CentreAnheuser‐Busch InBev nv/sa Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Cork T12 K8AF Ireland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniv. College Cork Cork T12 K8AF Ireland
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11
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Siddiqui FJ, Assam PN, de Souza NN, Sultana R, Dalan R, Chan ESY. Diabetes Control: Is Vinegar a Promising Candidate to Help Achieve Targets? J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2156587217753004. [PMID: 29756472 PMCID: PMC5954571 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217753004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renewed interest in vinegar as a glucose-lowering agent led to several small trials in the recent past. However, none of the trials could independently provide sufficient evidence. OBJECTIVES Our review aimed to obtain reliable estimates of effects of vinegar on short-term and long-term blood glucose control. METHODS Large bibliographic databases were searched from inception to date of search without language and publication date restrictions. All clinical trials evaluating effect of vinegar on diabetes mellitus patients were eligible. Two authors independently extracted data on fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels at the various time points. MS Excel, SAS® v9.3, and RevMan v5.3 were used for data analysis. RESULTS Small significant reduction in mean HbA1c was observed after 8 to 12 weeks of vinegar administration: -0.39% (95% confidence interval = -0.59, -0.18; I2 = 0%). Other long-term outcomes favored vinegar but were not significant. Short-term outcomes showed significantly lower pooled mean difference in glucose levels at 30 minutes in the vinegar group. Readings at 60, 90, and 120 minutes were lower in the vinegar group but not statistically significant. Adverse effects profile also favored the vinegar group. CONCLUSIONS It is worthwhile to carry out carefully planned large trails to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of vinegar as an adjunct treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Javaid Siddiqui
- 1 Sick Kids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pryseley Nkouibert Assam
- 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,3 Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurun Nisa de Souza
- 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,3 Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rehena Sultana
- 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,4 National University of Singapore, Singapore.,5 Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edwin Shih-Yen Chan
- 2 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,3 Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,6 Cochrane Singapore, Singapore
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12
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The Effectiveness of Various Salacca Vinegars as Therapeutic Agent for Management of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia on Diabetic Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2017; 2017:8742514. [PMID: 28424779 PMCID: PMC5382423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8742514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the potency of salacca vinegar made from various Indonesian salacca fruit extracts as therapeutic agent for hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia for STZ-induced diabetic rats. The rats were grouped into untreated rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats without treatment, and STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Pondoh salacca vinegar, Swaru salacca vinegar, Gula Pasir salacca vinegar, Madu salacca vinegar, or Madura salacca vinegar. Parameter observed included blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and pancreas histopathology of the samples. The results demonstrated that all salacca vinegars were capable of reducing blood sugar (from 25.1 to 62%) and reducing LDL (from 9.5 to 14.8 mg/dL), TG (from 58.3 to 69.5 mg/dL), MDA (from 1.1 to 2.2 mg/dL), and TC (from 56.3 to 70.5 mg/dL) as well as increasing HDL blood sugar of STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats (from 52.3 to 60 mg/dL). Various salacca vinegars were also capable of regenerating pancreatic cells. Nevertheless, the ability of Swaru salacca vinegar to manage hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia appeared to be superior to other salacca vinegars. Swaru salacca vinegar is a potential therapeutic agent to manage hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Wang X, Wang J, Kamal GM, Jiang B, Sun P, Zhang X, Liu M. Characterization and Comparison of Commercial Chinese Cereal and European Grape Vinegars Using1H NMR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Chen H, Chen T, Giudici P, Chen F. Vinegar Functions on Health: Constituents, Sources, and Formation Mechanisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:1124-1138. [PMID: 33401833 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinegars are one of only a few acidic condiments throughout the world. Vinegars can mainly be considered grain vinegars and fruit vinegars, according to the raw materials used. Both grain vinegars and fruit vinegars, which are fermented by traditional methods, possess a variety of physiological functions, such as antibacteria, anti-infection, antioxidation, blood glucose control, lipid metabolism regulation, weight loss, and anticancer activities. The antibacteria and anti-infection abilities of vinegars are mainly due to the presence of organic acids, polyphenols, and melanoidins. The polyphenols and melanoidins also provide the antioxidant abilities of vinegars, which are produced from the raw materials and fermentation processes, respectively. The blood glucose control, lipid metabolism regulation, and weight loss capabilities from vinegars are mainly due to acetic acid. Besides caffeoylsophorose (inhibits disaccharidase) and ligustrazine (improves blood circulation), other functional ingredients present in vinegars provide certain health benefits as well. Regarding anticancer activities, several grain vinegars strongly inhibit the growth of some cancer cells in vivo or in vitro, but related functional ingredients remain largely unknown, except tryptophol in Japanese black soybean vinegar. Considering the discovering of various functional ingredients and clarifying their mechanisms, some vinegars could be functional foods or even medicines, depending on a number of proofs that demonstrate these constituents can cure chronic diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology and College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural Uni, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology and College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural Uni, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Paolo Giudici
- Dept. of Life Sciences, Uni. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology and College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural Uni, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sheikh BY. The role of prophetic medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review of literature. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Microbial diversity and their roles in the vinegar fermentation process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4997-5024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Mohamad NE, Yeap SK, Lim KL, Yusof HM, Beh BK, Tan SW, Ho WY, Sharifuddin SA, Jamaluddin A, Long K, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Alitheen NB. Antioxidant effects of pineapple vinegar in reversing of paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. Chin Med 2015; 10:3. [PMID: 25699088 PMCID: PMC4333164 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pineapple (Ananas comosus) was demonstrated to be hepatoprotective. This study aims to investigate the reversing effects of pineapple vinegar on paracetamol-induced liver damage in murine model. Methods Pineapple juice was fermented via anaerobic and aerobic fermentation to produce pineapple vinegar. Male BALB/c mice (n = 70) were separated into 7 treatment groups (n = 10). Pineapple vinegar (0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW) and synthetic vinegar were used to treat paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. The hepatoprotective effects were determined by serum biochemistry profiles (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and triglyceride (TG)), liver antioxidant levels (ferric-reducing ability plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione assays (GSH)) and histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The effects were further evaluated by the expression levels of iNOS, NF-κB, and cytochrome P450 2E1 by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Vinegar samples were also tested for in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and total phenolic content (TPC)). Soluble phenolic acid contents in the samples were identified by HPLC. Results Pineapple vinegar contained 169.67 ± 0.05 μg GAE/mL of TPC, with 862.61 ± 4.38 μg/mL gallic acid as the main component. Oral administration of pineapple vinegar at 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, including AST (P = 0.008), ALT (P = 0.006), ALP (P= 0.002), and TG (P = 0.006) after 7 days of paracetamol treatment. Liver antioxidant levels such as hepatic glutathione (P = 0.003), SOD (P < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.002) and FRAP (P <0.001) were restored after the treatment. Pineapple vinegar reduced the expressions of iNOS (P = 0.003) and NF-kB (P = 0.003) and the level of NO (P = 0.003) significantly. Pineapple vinegar also downregulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression. Conclusions Oral administration of pineapple vinegar at 0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, restored liver antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory factor expressions, and down regulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Elyani Mohamad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Kian Lam Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang, 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Mohd Yusof
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Boon Kee Beh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, Kajang, 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Adzni Sharifuddin
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Anisah Jamaluddin
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Long
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 Malaysia
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18
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Burlando B, Cornara L. Therapeutic properties of rice constituents and derivatives (Oryza sativa L.): A review update. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Petsiou EI, Mitrou PI, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis GD. Effect and mechanisms of action of vinegar on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and body weight. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:651-61. [PMID: 25168916 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of vinegar on glucose and lipid metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that vinegar can help reduce hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Other studies, however, have shown no beneficial effect on metabolism. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these metabolic effects, including delayed gastric emptying and enteral absorption, suppression of hepatic glucose production, increased glucose utilization, upregulation of flow-mediated vasodilation, facilitation of insulin secretion, reduction in lipogenesis, increase in lipolysis, stimulation of fecal bile acid excretion, increased satiety, and enhanced energy expenditure. Although some evidence supports the use of vinegar as a complementary treatment in patients with glucose and lipid abnormalities, further large-scale long-term trials with impeccable methodology are warranted before definitive health claims can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni I Petsiou
- 2ndDepartment of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
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