Wearable healthcare smart electrochemical biosensors based on co-assembled prussian blue-graphene film for glucose sensing

Electrochemical sensing fibers for wearable health monitoring devices

Real-time monitoring of health conditions is an emerging strong issue in health care, internet information, and other strongly evolving areas. Wearable electronics are versatile platforms for non-invasive sensing. Among a variety of wearable device principles, fiber electronics represent cutting-edge development of flexible electronics. Enabled by electrochemical sensing, fiber electronics have found a wide range of applications, providing new opportunities for real-time monitoring of health conditions by daily wearing, and electrochemical fiber sensors as explored in the present report are a promising emerging field. In consideration of the key challenges and corresponding solutions for electrochemical sensing fibers, we offer here a timely and comprehensive review. We discuss the principles and advantages of electrochemical sensing fibers and fabrics. Our review also highlights the importance of electrochemical sensing fibers in the fabrication of "smart" fabric designs, focusing on strategies to address key issues in fiber-based electrochemical sensors, and we provide an overview of smart clothing systems and their cutting-edge applications in therapeutic care. Our report offers a comprehensive overview of current developments in electrochemical sensing fibers to researchers in the fields of wearables, flexible electronics, and electrochemical sensing, stimulating forthcoming development of next-generation "smart" fabrics-based electrochemical sensing.

Textronic Solutions Used to Produce Layers Sensitive to Chemical Stimuli-Gas Sensors: A Review

Thanks to the intensive development of textronics, textronic applications are already visible in many areas of everyday life. Many researchers around the world have focused on the invention of textronic systems to increase security, create technological innovations and make everyday life easier and more interesting. Due to the wide use of chemical textile sensors, this review article lists scientific publications covering all types of wearable chemical sensors along with their latest developments. The latest developments from the last few years in moisture, pH, sweat and biomolecules sensors are described. In this review, greatest emphasis and detail was placed on textile gas sensors and their production methods. The use of, among others, graphene and zinc oxide grown on cotton fabric, colorimetric textiles based on halochromic dye, electronic graphene fabric based on lotus fibers and graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanorods were considered. Finally, this article summarizes our current knowledge on gas sensors, compares the detection properties of the presented projects and indicates future directions of development.

Optimized paper-based electrochemical sensors treated in acidic media to detect carbendazim on the skin of apple and cabbage

Wearable sensors such as those made with paper are needed for non-destructive routine analysis of pesticides on plants, fruits, and vegetables. Herein we report on electrochemical sensors made with screen-printed carbon electrodes on kraft and parchment papers to detect the fungicide carbendazim. A systematic optimization was performed to find that electrochemical sensors on kraft paper treated in an acidic medium led to the highest performance, with a detection limit of 0.06 µM for carbendazim. The enhanced sensitivity for this sensor was attributed to the porous nature of kraft paper, which allowed for a large electrode surface area, and to the carboxylic groups formed during electrochemical activation. As a proof-of-concept, the electrochemical sensor attached to the skin of apple and cabbage was used to detect carbendazim with the same performance as the gold standard method, thus demonstrating that the sensor can be used in the farm and on supermarket shelves.

A new approach to digital health? Virtual COVID-19 care: A scoping review

Aims

The use of virtual care enabled by digital technologies has increased, prompted by public health restrictions in response to COVID-19. Non-hospitalized persons in the acute phase of COVID-19 illness may have unique health needs while self-isolating in the community. This scoping review aimed to explore the nature of care, the use of digital technologies, and patient outcomes arising from virtual care among community-based self-isolating COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Literature searches for peer-reviewed articles were conducted in four bibliographic databases: CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews between January and February 2022, followed by hand-searching reference lists of included articles. Two levels of screening using defined eligibility criteria among two independent reviewers were completed.

Results

Of the 773 articles retrieved, 19 were included. Results indicate that virtual care can be safe while enabling timely detection of clinical deterioration to improve the illness trajectory. COVID-19 virtual care was delivered by single health professionals or by multidisciplinary teams using a range of low-technology methods such as telephone to higher technology methods like wearable technology that transmitted physiological data to the care teams for real-time or asynchronous monitoring.

Conclusion

The review described the varied nature of virtual care including its design, implementation, and evaluation. Further research is needed for continued exploration on how to leverage digital health assets for the delivery of appropriate and safe virtual COVID-19 community care, which can support patient recovery, control transmission, and prevent intensifying the burden on the health care system, especially during surges.

Point-of-care biochemical assays using electrochemical technologies: approaches, applications, and opportunities

Against the backdrop of hidden symptoms of diseases and limited medical resources of their investigation, in vitro diagnosis has become a popular mode of real-time healthcare monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors have considerable potential for use in wearable products since they can consistently monitor the physiological information of the patient. This review classifies and briefly compares commonly available electrochemical biosensors and the techniques of detection used. Following this, the authors focus on recent studies and applications of various types of sensors based on a variety of methods to detect common compounds and cancer biomarkers in humans. The primary gaps in research are discussed and strategies for improvement are proposed along the dimensions of hardware and software. The work here provides new guidelines for advanced research on and a wider scope of applications of electrochemical biosensors to in vitro diagnosis.

Prospects of Biosensors Based on Functionalized and Nanostructured Solitary Materials: Detection of Viral Infections and Other Risks

Advances in nanotechnology over the past decade have emerged as a substitute for conventional therapies and have facilitated the development of economically viable biosensors. Next-generation biosensors can play a significant role in curbing the spread of various viruses, including HCoV-2, and controlling morbidity and mortality. Pertaining to the impact of the current pandemic, there is a need for point-of-care biosensor-based testing as a detection method to accelerate the detection process. Integrating biosensors with nanostructures could be a substitute for ultrasensitive label-free biosensors to amplify sensing and miniaturization. Notably, next-generation biosensors could expedite the detection process. An elaborate description of various types of functionalized nanomaterials and their synthetic aspects is presented. The utility of the functionalized nanostructured materials for fabricating nanobiosensors to detect several types of viral infections is described in this review. This review also discusses the choice of appropriate nanomaterials, as well as challenges and opportunities in the field of nanobiosensors.