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Chen S, Gallant S, Cunningham MJ, Robson CD, Church AJ, Perez-Atayde AR, Al-Ibraheemi A. CTNNB1 and APC Mutations in Sinonasal Myxoma : Expanding the Spectrum of Tumors Driven By WNT/β-catenin Pathway. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1291-1300. [PMID: 37589277 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Sinonasal myxoma (SNM) is a rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasm with distinct clinicopathologic features and aberrant nuclear localization of β-catenin by immunohistochemistry. The molecular underpinnings have been linked to that of a "myxoid variant" of desmoid fibromatosis. Herein, we describe a series of 8 cases of SNM and propose clinical and biologic differences compared with desmoid fibromatosis. Our patient cohort is comprised of 5 males and 3 females (age range: 10 mo to 12 y), 6 of whom are aged less than or equal to 24 months. All presented with facial swelling, reflecting lesions involving the maxillary bone, and all underwent resection. All tumors were variably cellular and comprised of bland spindled to stellate cells in a profusely myxoid background with diffuse nuclear β-catenin expression. All cases of SNM were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using the Oncopanel assay. Three cases failed sequencing, 2 of 5 successful cases exhibited exon 3 CTNNB1 alterations involving the ubiquitin recognition motif, and 3 had adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) deletions. One patient had APC germline testing which was negative. No germline testing was available for the remaining 7 patients. Follow-up data over a range of 1 month to 23 years was available for 7 of the 8 SNMs. One case patient had local recurrence, and all were alive without evidence of disease. This is in contrast to the high recurrence rate typically seen in desmoid fibromatosis, particularly after resection. Our findings expand the spectrum of tumors with underlying WNT/β-catenin pathway and highlight the histologic, clinical, and genetic differences of SNM compared with desmoid fibromatosis. APC deletion raises the possibility of underlying germline alteration and familial adenomatous polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Sara Gallant
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Cunningham
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alanna J Church
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antonio R Perez-Atayde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Genomic comparison between cerebrospinal fluid and primary tumor revealed the genetic events associated with brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:935. [PMID: 34642306 PMCID: PMC8511004 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is most common pathological type of lung cancer. LUAD with brain metastases (BMs) usually have poor prognosis. To identify the potential genetic factors associated with BM, a genomic comparison for BM cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and primary lung tumor samples obtained from 1082 early- and late-stage LUAD patients was performed. We found that single nucleotide variation (SNV) of EGFR was highly enriched in CSF (87% of samples). Compared with the other primary lung tissues, copy number gain of EGFR (27%), CDK4 (11%), PMS2 (11%), MET (10%), IL7R (8%), RICTOR (7%), FLT4 (5%), and FGFR4 (4%), and copy number loss of CDKN2A (28%) and CDKN2B (18%) were remarkably more frequent in CSF samples. CSF had significantly lower tumor mutation burden (TMB) level but more abundant copy number variant. It was also found that the relationships among co-occurrent and mutually exclusive genes were dynamically changing with LUAD development. Additionally, CSF (97% of samples) harbored more abundant targeted drugs related driver and fusion genes. The signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) was only identified in the CSF group. Cancer associated pathway analysis further revealed that ErbB (95%) and cell cycle (84%) were unique pathways in CSF samples. The tumor evolution analysis showed that CSF carried significantly fewer clusters, but subclonal proportion of EGFR was remarkably increased with tumor progression. Collectively, CSF sequencing showed unique genomic characteristics and the intense copy number instability associated with cell cycle disorder and dMMR might be the crucial genetic factors in BM of LUAD.
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Bukovac A, Kafka A, Raguž M, Brlek P, Dragičević K, Müller D, Pećina-Šlaus N. Are We Benign? What Can Wnt Signaling Pathway and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Tell Us about Intracranial Meningioma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1633. [PMID: 33915799 PMCID: PMC8037732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized by the reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin, plays an important role in the tumor invasion and metastasis. Classical Wnt signaling pathway has a tight link with EMT and it has been shown that nuclear translocation of β-catenin can induce EMT. This research has showed that genes that are involved in cadherin switch, CDH1 and CDH2, play a role in meningioma progression. Increased N-cadherin expression in relation to E-cadherin was recorded. In meningioma, transcription factors SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST1 demonstrated strong expression in relation to E- and N-cadherin. The expression of SNAIL and SLUG was significantly associated with higher grades (p = 0.001), indicating their role in meningioma progression. Higher grades also recorded an increased expression of total β-catenin followed by an increased expression of its active form (p = 0.000). This research brings the results of genetic and protein analyzes of important molecules that are involved in Wnt and EMT signaling pathways and reveals their role in intracranial meningioma. The results of this study offer guidelines and new markers of progression for future research and reveal new molecular targets of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Raguž
- Department of Neurosurgery, University hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petar Brlek
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Katarina Dragičević
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Danko Müller
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.K.); (P.B.); (K.D.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important modulator of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is highly regulated for the maintenance of critical biological homeostasis. Decades of studies in cancer genetics and genomics have demonstrated that multiple genes encoding key proteins in this signaling pathway serve as targets for recurrent mutational alterations. Among these proteins, β-catenin and adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) are two key nodes. β-catenin contributes in transporting extracellular signals for nuclear programming. Mutations of the CTNNB1 gene that encodes β-catenin occur in a wide spectrum of cancers. These mutations alter the spatial characteristics of the β-catenin protein, leading to drastic reprogramming of the nuclear transcriptional network. Among the outcomes of this reprogramming are increased cell proliferation, enhanced immunosuppression, and disruption of metabolic regulation. Herein we review the current understanding of CTNNB1 mutations, their roles in tumorigenesis and discuss their possible therapeutic implications for cancer.
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Markowski MC, Wobker SE, Strowd RE, Antonarakis ES. Lumbosacral Plexus Involvement as the First Site of Metastatic Recurrence in a Patient With CTNNB1-Mutant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 14:e417-22. [PMID: 26992487 PMCID: PMC9774045 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara E. Wobker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roy E. Strowd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Kamińska K, Szczylik C, Bielecka ZF, Bartnik E, Porta C, Lian F, Czarnecka AM. The role of the cell-cell interactions in cancer progression. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:283-96. [PMID: 25598217 PMCID: PMC4407603 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of cancer research, scientific investigations are based on analysing differences in the secretome, the proteome, the transcriptome, the expression of cell surface molecules, and the deregulation of signal transduction pathways between neoplastic and normal cells. Accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role in carcinogenesis concerning not only stromal cells but also normal cells from target organs and tissue where tumours emerge. The tumour microenvironment (TME) definitively plays an important role in regulating neighbouring cell behaviour. To date, limited attention has been focused upon interactions between cancer cells and normal cells. This review concentrates on the interactions between stromal and healthy cells from the TME in cancer development. In the article, the authors also describe mutations, genes and proteins expression pattern that are involved in tumour development in target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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