Tentorial dural fistula with giant venous ampulae treated with embolisation and surgery. A case report

Current status of endovascular treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulae in the tentorial middle region: a literature review

The tentorial middle region (TMR) includes the midline and paramedian tentorium. TMR dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) are complex. We performed a review of the literature on TMR DAVFs. TMR DAVFs are divided into the following four types: incisural DAVF, Galenic DAVF, straight sinus DAVF and torcular DAVF. TMR DAVFs often drain into pial veins; therefore, most TMR DAVFs are classified as Borden II-III and Cognard types IIb-IV, whose characteristics cause TMR DAVFs to be prone to hemorrhage. TMR DAVFs have a very disappointing natural progression, and treatment is necessary. TMR DAVFs have extensive arterial supply and complex venous drainages, making them difficult to treat. Currently, for TMR DAVF, endovascular treatment (EVT) has become a better option. In EVT, transarterial embolization is the first-line treatment. Many complications can occur when treating TMR DAVFs, but complete EVT can generally achieve good clinical outcomes. In this review, three educational cases with demonstrating figures are provided to elaborate TMR DAVFs.