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Giesler LP, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. BDNF: New Views of an Old Player in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:560-573. [PMID: 37067029 PMCID: PMC11423547 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231164918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a common health problem affecting millions of people each year. BDNF has been investigated in the context of traumatic brain injury due to its crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Val66Met is a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism that results in a valine-to-methionine amino acid substitution at codon 66 in the BDNF prodomain, which ultimately reduces secretion of BDNF. Here, we review experimental animal models as well as clinical studies investigating the role of the Val66Met single-nucleotide polymorphism in traumatic brain injury outcomes, including cognitive function, motor function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and nociception. We also review studies investigating the role of BDNF on traumatic brain injury pathophysiology as well as circulating BDNF as a biomarker of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandy R. Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart J. McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Ogonowski NS, García-Marín LM, Fernando AS, Flores-Ocampo V, Rentería ME. Impact of genetic predisposition to late-onset neurodegenerative diseases on early life outcomes and brain structure. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:185. [PMID: 38605018 PMCID: PMC11009228 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most patients with late-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's have a complex aetiology resulting from numerous genetic risk variants of small effects located across the genome, environmental factors, and the interaction between genes and environment. Over the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses have shed light on the polygenic architecture of these diseases, enabling polygenic risk scores (PRS) to estimate an individual's relative genetic liability for presenting with the disease. PRS can screen and stratify individuals based on their genetic risk, potentially years or even decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. An emerging body of evidence from various research studies suggests that genetic susceptibility to late-onset neurodegenerative diseases might impact early life outcomes, including cognitive function, brain structure and function, and behaviour. This article summarises recent findings exploring the potential impact of genetic susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases on early life outcomes. A better understanding of the impact of genetic susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases early in life could be valuable in disease screening, detection, and prevention and in informing treatment strategies before significant neural damage has occurred. However, ongoing studies have limitations. Overall, our review found several studies focused on APOE haplotypes and Alzheimer's risk, but a limited number of studies leveraging polygenic risk scores or focused on genetic susceptibility to other late-onset conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Ogonowski
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amali S Fernando
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victor Flores-Ocampo
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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Ji S, Kang J, Han C, Xu X, Chen M, Chen J, Chhetri JK, Pan J, Chan P. Potential role of APOE ɛ4 allele as a modifier for the association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1330193. [PMID: 38374884 PMCID: PMC10876185 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1330193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in community-dwelling Chinese older adults, and to investigate whether this relationship is modified by the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele. Methods The study is a secondary analysis of 703 participants aged ≥60 years randomly enrolled from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging II prospective cohort. The education-adjusted Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to measure the cognitive performance of the subjects. The main effects and interactions (additive and multiplicative) of the BDNF Met and the APOE ε4 alleles on CI were estimated by logistic regression models. Results In total, 84 out of 703 older adults aged ≥60 years old had CI. No significant difference was observed in the risk of CI between participants with the BDNF Met allele and that of subjects without the BDNF Met allele (p = 0.213; p = 0.164). Individuals carrying both the BDNF Met and APOE ε4 alleles had an almost 1.5-fold increased odds of CI compared with carriers of the BDNF Met allele but without the APOE ε4 allele. The additive association indicated a positive interaction of both BDNF Met and APOE ε4 alleles with wide CIs (p = 0.021; p = 0.018). Conclusion The results suggest that the APOE ε4 allele may be a potential modifier for the association of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with CI in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Kang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xitong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jagadish K Chhetri
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurology and Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Farcas A, Hindmarch C, Iftene F. BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphisms as a predictor for clinical presentation in schizophrenia - recent findings. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1234220. [PMID: 37886115 PMCID: PMC10598753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, severe psychiatric disorder that involves dysfunctions in thinking, emotions, and behavior, with a profound impact on a person's ability to function normally in their daily life. Research efforts continue to focus on elucidating possible genetic underlying mechanisms of the disorder. Although the genetic loci identified to date to be significantly associated with schizophrenia risk do not represent disease-causing factors, each one of them could be seen as a possible incremental contributor. Considering the importance of finding new and more efficient pharmacological approaches to target the complex symptomatology of this disorder, in this scoping review, we are focusing on the most recent findings in studies aiming to elucidate the contribution of one of the genetic factors involved - the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphisms. Here we performed a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases with the search terms: (BDNF gene polymorphism) AND (schizophrenia) for articles published in the last 5 years. To be selected for this review, articles had to report on studies where genotyping for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was performed in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (or schizophrenia spectrum disorders or first-episode psychosis). The search provided 35 results from Pubmed, 134 results from Embase, and 118 results from the Web of Science database. Twenty-two articles were selected to be included in this review, all reporting on studies where an implication of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms in the disorder's pathophysiology was sought to be elucidated. These studies looked at BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism variants, their interactions with other genes of interest, and different facets of the illness. The Met/Met genotype was found to be associated with higher PANSS positive scores. Furthermore, Met/Met homozygous individuals appear to present with worse cognitive function and lower levels of serum BDNF. In the Val/Val genotype carriers, increased BDNF levels were found to correlate with weight gain under Risperidone treatment. However, due to heterogeneous results, the diversity in study populations and studies' small sample sizes, generalizations cannot be made. Our findings emphasize the need for further research dedicated to clarifying the role of gene polymorphisms in antipsychotic treatment to enhance specificity and efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farcas
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Hindmarch
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Felicia Iftene
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Hertenstein E, Kuhn M, Landmann N, Maier JG, Schneider CL, Fehér KD, Frase L, Riemann D, Feige B, Nissen C. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism rs6265 and creativity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291397. [PMID: 37703265 PMCID: PMC10499242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neural plasticity of the central nervous system and plays an important role for learning and memory. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6265) at position 66 in the pro-region of the human BDNF gene, resulting in a substitution of the amino acid valine (val) with methionine (met), leads to attenuated BDNF secretion and has been associated with reduced neurocognitive function. Inhomogeneous results have been found regarding the effect of the BDNF genotype on behavior. We determined the BDNF genotype and performance on the Compound Remote Associate (CRA) task as a common measure of creativity in 76 healthy university students. In our main analyses, we did not find significant differences between met-carriers (n = 30) and non-met carriers (n = 46). In a secondary analysis, we found that met-carriers had a slower solution time (medium effect size) for items of medium difficulty. Our results suggest that met-carriers and non-met-carriers do not generally differ regarding their creativity, but non-met-carriers may have a certain advantage when it comes to moderately difficult problems. The wider literature suggests that both genetic variants come with advantages and disadvantages. Future research needs to sharpen our understanding of the disadvantages and, potentially, advantages met allele carriers may have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hertenstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Kuhn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Landmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan-Gabriel Maier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lukas Frase
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nissen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
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Daily oscillation of cognitive factors is modified in the temporal cortex of an amyloid β(1-42)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:106-114. [PMID: 33508401 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease characterized by loss of synapses and neurons in the elderly. Accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of AD. ApoE plays a key role in normal and physiological clearance of Aß, since it facilitates the peptide intra- and extracellular proteolytic degradation. Besides the cognitive deficit, AD patients also show alterations in their circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an i.c.v. injection of Aβ (1-42) peptide on the 24 h rhythms of Apo E, BMAL1, RORα, Bdnf and trkB mRNA and Aβ levels in the rat temporal cortex. We found that an i.c.v. injection of Aβ aggregates phase shifts daily Bdnf expression as well as Apo E, BMAL1, RORα, Aβ and decreased the mesor of TrkB rhythms. Thus, elevated Aβ peptide levels might modify the temporal patterns of cognition-related factors, probably; by affecting the clock factors rhythms as well as in the 24 h rhythms of Apo E.
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7
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Alexopoulos P, Papanastasiou AD, Εconomou P, Beis P, Niforas M, Dassios TG, Kormpaki A, Zarkadis IK, Reichel M, Kornhuber J, Perneczky R, Gourzis P. Associations between APOE-, COMT Val108/158Met- and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms and variations in depressive and anxiety symptoms, sense of coherence and vital exhaustion in the real-life setting of mandatory basic military training. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:105-114. [PMID: 33394176 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε, catechol-O-methytranferase (COMT) Val108/158Met and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to affect stress perception and response. The present study explored possible associations between these SNPs and changes in subclinical anxiety- and depressive symptoms, sense of coherence (SOC) and vital exhaustion (VE) during compulsory basic military training. The study encompassed 179 conscripts of a training base in Greece. The neuropsychiatric assessment was based on the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Antonovsky SOC scale and the Maastricht Questionnaire. It was conducted at three time points of the 19-day basic military training: on day one (baseline), day six (follow-up I) and day 13 (follow-up II). Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and cross-sectional time series regression models based on the Skillings-Mack statistic. APOE ε4 non-carriers encountered significant changes in anxiety- and depressive symptoms and SOC (in all cases P < 0.001) over the observation period, whilst ε4 carriers did not. The changes in anxiety, depressive symptoms and SOC attained statistical significance in both BDNF Met66 carriers (in all cases P < 0.001) and non-carriers (P = 0.036; < 0.001; < 0.001, respectively) as well as in COMT Met108/158 carriers (P = 0.004; < 0.001; < 0.001, respectively) and non-carriers (P = 0.02; 0.01; 0.021, respectively. Changes over time in VE were not significant (P > 0.05). The observed resistance of APOE ε4 carriers vs non-carriers to changes in anxiety- and depressive symptoms and SOC when exposed to a stressful environment may point to superior coping capacities of healthy young men carrying the ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anastasios D Papanastasiou
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Street, 12243, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Polychronis Εconomou
- Department of Civil Engineering (Statistics), School of Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Pavlos Beis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Michail Niforas
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
- Department of Orthopaedic and Accident Surgery, Center for Foot and Endoprothetic Joint Surgery, Malteser Clinics Rhein-Ruhr Duisburg, St. Johannesstift, Johannisstr. 21, 47198, Duisburg-Homberg, Germany
| | - Theodore G Dassios
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Aggeliki Kormpaki
- Health Unit, Training Center of Technical Corps of the Hellenic Army, Maragkopoulou Str. 2, 26331, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Zarkadis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, University Hospital of Patras, 26504, Rion Patras, Greece
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Gierski F, Stefaniak N, Benzerouk F, Gobin P, Schmid F, Henry A, Kaladjian A, Naassila M. Component process analysis of verbal memory in a sample of students with a binge drinking pattern. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100323. [PMID: 33364330 PMCID: PMC7752726 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have emphasized the harmful impact of binge drinking on several cognitive functions, including memory. However, the exact nature of the memory processes involved is still unknown. The present study was designed to assess verbal working memory and verbal episodic memory, especially its encoding, storage and retrieval processes, in binge drinking to identify the processes impacted by this behavior. Methods Participants were 48 community-recruited college students aged 18-25 years and categorized as either binge drinkers (BDs) or social drinkers (SDs). They were assessed with (a) subtests of the Wechsler scale (digit span, letter-number sequencing) measuring verbal working memory, and (b) a modified version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), which measures verbal episodic memory functioning in various conditions of encoding (controlled) and recollection (free recall, cued recall, and recognition). Results Verbal working memory was unaffected by binge drinking, whereas verbal episodic memory performances were reduced. In particular, analysis of the modified FCSRT scores suggested that BDs had less proficient storage and retrieval processes. Furthermore, correlational analyses indicated that the proficiency of these memory components was negatively correlated with several indicators of binge drinking behavior. Conclusions Results suggest that binge drinking behavior affects the storage and recollection processes of verbal episodic memory. The academic failure described in binge drinkers could be partly related to this harmful effect. Our results on the negative impact of binge drinking on memory should be used to develop information campaigns targeting students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Gierski
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, Reims, France
- INSERM U1247 GRAP, Research Group on Alcohol and Drugs, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Corresponding author at: Laboratoire C2S (EA6291) – Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Maison de la Recherche 57, rue Pierre Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Stefaniak
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Farid Benzerouk
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Pamela Gobin
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Franca Schmid
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- Laboratoire Cognition Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie, EPSM et CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- INSERM U1247 GRAP, Research Group on Alcohol and Drugs, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Smith CJ, Ashford JW, Perfetti TA. Putative Survival Advantages in Young Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Carriers are Associated with Increased Neural Stress. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:885-923. [PMID: 30814349 PMCID: PMC6484250 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inheritance of a single copy of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by 3-4-fold, with homozygosity associated with a 12-16-fold increase in risk, relative to ɛ3 allele homozygosity. There is a decreased risk associated with the APOE ɛ2 allele. The pathological consequence of APOE genotype has led to intense efforts to understand the mechanistic basis of the interplay between APOE status and loss of synapses. Numerous ɛ4 allele-related associations have been reported with the potential relevance of these associations to the pathogenesis of AD unknown at this time. In primarily young subjects, we have reviewed a representative body of literature on ɛ4 allele-associations related to the following: cardiovascular responses; impacts on reproduction and fetal development; co-morbidities; resistance to infectious disease; responses to head injury; biochemical differences possibly related to neural stress; and brain structure-function differences. In addition, the literature on the association between the ɛ4 allele and cognitive performance has been reviewed comprehensively. The weight-of-the-evidence supports the hypothesis that possession of the ancestral ɛ4 allele in youth is associated with improved fitness during fetal development, infancy, and youth relative to the more recently appearing ɛ3 allele, at the expense of decreased fitness in old age, which is substantially improved by the ɛ3 allele. However, possession of the ɛ4 allele is also associated with higher levels of synaptic macromolecular turnover, which likely stresses basic cellular neuroplasticity mechanisms. Clinical trials of potential AD therapeutics should consider APOE status as an enrollment criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carr J Smith
- Florida State University, Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Panama City, FL, USA
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Malykhin NV, Travis S, Fujiwara E, Huang Y, Camicioli R, Olsen F. The associations of the
BDNF
and
APOE
polymorphisms, hippocampal subfield volumes, and episodic memory performance across the lifespan. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1081-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V. Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Scott Travis
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Esther Fujiwara
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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11
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Lenz B, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kogias G, Boix F, Lourdusamy A, Dörfler A, Peters O, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Maier W, Hüll M, Frölich L, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Association of a CAMK2A genetic variant with logical memory performance and hippocampal volume in the elderly. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:13-20. [PMID: 32418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha (αCaMKII) has been shown to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory in animal models. However, there is little evidence for an involvement in specific memories in humans. Here we tested the potential involvement of the αCaMKII coding gene CAMK2A in verbal logical memory in two Caucasian populations from Germany, in a sample of 209 elderly people with cognitive impairments and a sample of 142 healthy adults. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the genomic region of CAMK2A with verbal logical memory learning and retrieval from the Wechsler Memory Scale was measured and hippocampal volume was assessed by structural MRI. In the elderly people, we found the minor allele of CAMK2A intronic SNP rs919741 to predict a higher hippocampal volume and better logical memory retrieval. This association was not found in healthy adults. The present study may provide evidence for an association of a genetic variant of the CAMK2A gene specifically with retrieval of logical memory in elderly humans. This effect is possibly mediated by a higher hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, DE-14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Emmendingen Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory growth factor that promotes neuronal proliferation and survival, synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation in the central nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor biosynthesis and secretion are chrono-topically regulated processes at the cellular level, accounting for specific localizations and functions. Given its role in regulating brain development and activity, BDNF represents a potentially relevant gene for schizophrenia, and indeed BDNF and its non-synonymous functional variant, rs6265 (C → T, Val → Met) have been widely studied in psychiatric genetics. Human and animal studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is relevant for schizophrenia-related phenotypes, and that: (1) fine-tuned regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and activity is necessary to guarantee brain optimal development and functioning; (2) the Val → Met substitution is associated with impaired activity-dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor; (3) disruption of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling is associated with altered synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment. However, genome-wide association studies failed to associate the BDNF locus with schizophrenia, even though a sub-threshold association exists. Here, we will review studies focused on the relationship between the genetic variation of BDNF and schizophrenia, trying to fill the gap between genetic risk per se and insights from molecular biology. A deeper understanding of brain-derived neurotrophic factor biology and of the epigenetic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its interactome during development may help clarifying the potential role of this gene in schizophrenia, thus informing development of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-based strategies of prevention and treatment of this disorder.
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Stonnington CM, Velgos SN, Chen Y, Syed S, Huentelman M, Thiyyagura P, Lee W, Richholt R, Caselli RJ, Locke DE, Lu B, Reiman EM, Su Y, Chen K. Interaction Between BDNF Val66Met and APOE4 on Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:721-734. [PMID: 33044176 PMCID: PMC10416650 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Met carriage impacts the risk or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction of BDNF Met and APOE4 carriage on cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl), amyloid burden, hippocampus volume, and cognitive decline among cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults enrolled in the Arizona APOE cohort study. METHODS 114 CU adults (mean age 56.85 years, 38% male) with longitudinal FDG PET, magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive measures were BDNF and APOE genotyped. A subgroup of 58 individuals also had Pittsburgh B (PiB) PET imaging. We examined baseline CMRgl, PiB PET amyloid burden, CMRgl, and hippocampus volume change over time, and rate of change in cognition over an average of 15 years. RESULTS Among APOE4 carriers, BDNF Met carriers had significantly increased amyloid deposition and accelerated CMRgl decline in regions typically affected by AD, but without accompanying acceleration of cognitive decline or hippocampal volume changes and with higher baseline frontal CMRgl and slower frontal decline relative to the Val/Val group. The BDNF effects were not found among APOE4 non-carriers. CONCLUSION Our preliminary studies suggest that there is a weak interaction between BDNF Met and APOE4 on amyloid-β plaque burden and longitudinal PET measurements of AD-related CMRgl decline in cognitively unimpaired late-middle-aged and older adults, but with no apparent effect upon rate of cognitive decline. We suggest that cognitive effects of BDNF variants may be mitigated by compensatory increases in frontal brain activity-findings that would need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Stonnington
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Stefanie N. Velgos
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Track. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
- Translational neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Arizona. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Sameena Syed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
- Midwestern University. 19555 N. 59 Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Medicine. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Matt Huentelman
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Pradeep Thiyyagura
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Ryan Richholt
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Richard J. Caselli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Dona E.C. Locke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Arizona. 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Bai Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University. 30 Shuangqing Rd., Haidian Qu, Beijing Shi, China
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute. 901 E. Willetta St. Fl 3, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
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Zhang C, Rong H. Genetic Advance in Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1180:19-57. [PMID: 31784956 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are both chronic, severe mood disorder with high misdiagnosis rate, leading to substantial health and economic burdens to patients around the world. There is a high misdiagnosis rate of bipolar depression (BD) just based on symptomology in depressed patients whose previous manic or mixed episodes have not been well recognized. Therefore, it is important for psychiatrists to identify these two major psychiatric disorders. Recently, with the accumulation of clinical sample sizes and the advances of methodology and technology, certain progress in the genetics of major depression and bipolar disorder has been made. This article reviews the candidate genes for MDD and BD, genetic variation loci, chromosome structural variation, new technologies, and new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Han Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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15
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McKay NS, Moreau D, Henare DT, Kirk IJ. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met genotype does not influence the grey or white matter structures underlying recognition memory. Neuroimage 2019; 197:1-12. [PMID: 30954706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has previously been associated with a reduction in recognition memory performance. While previous findings have highlighted that this SNP contributes to recognition memory, little is known about its influence on subprocesses of recognition, familiarity and recollection. Previous research has reported reduced hippocampal volume and decreased fractional anisotropy in carriers of the Met allele across a range of white matter tracts, including those networks that may support recognition memory. Here, in a sample of 61 healthy young adults, we used a source memory task to measure accuracy on each recognition subprocess, in order to determine whether the Val66Met SNP (rs6265) influences these equally. Additionally, we compared grey matter volume between these groups for structures that underpin familiarity and recollection separately. Finally, we used probabilistic tractography to reconstruct tracts that subserve each of these two recognition systems. Behaviourally, we found group differences on the familiarity measure, but not on recollection. However, we did not find any group difference on grey- or white-matter structures. Together, these results suggest a functional influence of the Val66Met SNP that is independent of coarse structural changes, and nuance previous research highlighting the relationship between BDNF, brain structure, and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S McKay
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dion T Henare
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
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16
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Zaki NFW, Saleh E, Elwasify M, Mahmoud E, Zaki J, Spence DW, BaHammam AS, Pandi-Perumal SR. The association of BDNF gene polymorphism with cognitive impairment in insomnia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:253-264. [PMID: 30076879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in BDNF activity have shown associations with depressed mood. Other evidence has demonstrated that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) appears to reduce neural plasticity. A limited number of studies have investigated the influence of these genetic polymorphisms in insomnia. The present study sought to confirm the presence of associations between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) occurrence in normal sleepers and those with insomnia. METHOD The study subjects consisted of a patient group (n = 199) complaining of insomnia and a control group (n = 51). Each subject was clinically interviewed using questions taken from the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire. After the interview, the subjects were asked to complete the Insomnia Severity Index, The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test. An overnight polysomnography test was also administered. Blood samples were collected for genetic study. RESULTS The insomnia patients showed a greater prevalence of heterozygous (A/G) VAL/MET polymorphism than the normal controls (p = ≤ 0.0001). This finding confirmed that this genetic polymorphism, which impairs BDNF activity, is an important correlate of disturbed sleep. Further, the finding of significantly greater (p = ≤ 0.0001) depression scores among the insomnia group suggested that BDNF is an important factor in the development of depressive symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of the present study indicate that BDNF gene polymorphism plays a prominent role in the variation of symptoms among insomnia patients and, further, that this polymorphism is strongly related to the severity of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin F W Zaki
- Sleep Research Unit, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed Saleh
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | | | - John Zaki
- Department 0f Mechanical Engineering, Statistical Consultation Office, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Weissberger GH, Nation DA, Nguyen CP, Bondi MW, Han SD. Meta-analysis of cognitive ability differences by apolipoprotein e genotype in young humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:49-58. [PMID: 30125600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele has been proposed as an example of an antagonistic pleiotropy gene, conferring a beneficial effect on cognition in early life and a detrimental impact on cognition during later years. However, findings on the cognitive associations of the ε4 allele in younger persons are mixed. This PRISMA conforming study aimed to investigate APOE genotype (e4/non-e4) associations across seven cognitive domains (intelligence/achievement, attention/working memory, executive functioning, memory, language, processing speed and visuospatial abilities) in younger humans using a meta-analytic approach. Of 689 records reviewed, 29 studies (34 data-points) were selected for the quantitative synthesis. Participants' ages ranged from 2-40. Results showed that young ε4 carriers did not statistically differ from non-ε4 carriers across any cognitive domains. Overall, findings do not provide compelling support for an antagonistic pleiotropic effect of the ε4 allele across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali H Weissberger
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1000 S. Fremont Avenue, Unit 22, HSA Building A-6, 4thFloor, Room 6437A, Alhambra, CA, 91803, USA.
| | - Daniel A Nation
- Department of Psychology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA
| | - Caroline P Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1000 S. Fremont Avenue, Unit 22, HSA Building A-6, 4thFloor, Room 6437A, Alhambra, CA, 91803, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #9116-B, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - S Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1000 S. Fremont Avenue, Unit 22, HSA Building A-6, 4thFloor, Room 6437A, Alhambra, CA, 91803, USA; Department of Psychology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA; USC School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Neurology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
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Prenatal intimate partner violence exposure predicts infant biobehavioral regulation: Moderation by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe ability to regulate stress is a critical developmental milestone of early childhood that involves a set of interconnected behavioral and physiological processes and is influenced by genetic and environmental stimuli. Prenatal exposure to traumatic stress and trauma, including intimate partner violence (IPV), increases risk for offspring biobehavioral regulation problems during childhood and adolescence. Although individual differences in susceptibility to prenatal stress have been largely unexplored, a handful of studies suggest children with specific genetic characteristics are most vulnerable to prenatal stress. We evaluated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met gene (BDNF) as a moderator of the effect of prenatal IPV exposure on infant temperamental and cortisol regulation in response to a psychosocial challenge. Ninety-nine mother–infant dyads recruited from the community were assessed when infants (51% female) were 11 to 14 months. Maternal reports of IPV during pregnancy and infant temperament were obtained, and infant saliva was collected for genotyping and to assess cortisol reactivity (before and after the Strange Situation Task). Significant genetic moderation effects were found. Among infants with the BDNF Met allele, prenatal IPV predicted worse temperamental regulation and mobilization of the cortisol response, while controlling for infant postnatal exposure to IPV, other maternal traumatic experiences, and infant sex. However, prenatal IPV exposure was not associated with temperamental or cortisol outcomes among infant carriers of the Val/Val genotype. Findings are discussed in relation to prenatal programming and biological susceptibility to stress.
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19
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Toh YL, Ng T, Tan M, Tan A, Chan A. Impact of brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism on cognition: A systematic review. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01009. [PMID: 29858545 PMCID: PMC6043712 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has an important role in the neurogenesis and neuroplasticity of the brain. This systematic review was designed to examine the association between BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism and four cognitive domains-attention and concentration, executive function, verbal fluency, and memory, respectively. METHODOLOGY Primary literature search was performed using search engines such as PubMed and Scopus. Observational studies that evaluated the neurocognitive performances in relation to BDNF polymorphism within human subjects were included in this review, while animal studies, overlapping studies, and meta-analysis were excluded. RESULTS Forty of 82 reviewed studies (48.8%) reported an association between Val66Met polymorphism and neurocognitive domains. The proportion of the studies showing positive findings in cognitive performances between Val/Val homozygotes and Met carriers was comparable, at 30.5% and 18.3%, respectively. The highest percentage of positive association between Val66Met polymorphism and neurocognition was reported under the memory domain, with 26 of 63 studies (41.3%), followed by 18 of 47 studies (38.3%) under the executive function domain and four of 23 studies (17.4%) under the attention and concentration domain. There were no studies showing an association between Val66Met polymorphism and verbal fluency. In particular, Val/Val homozygotes performed better in tasks related to the memory domain, while Met carriers performed better in terms of executive function, in both healthy individuals and clinical populations. CONCLUSION While numerous studies report an association between Val66Met polymorphism and neurocognitive changes in executive function and memory domains, the effect of Met allele has not been clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Long Toh
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Terence Ng
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Megan Tan
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Azrina Tan
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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O'Donoghue MC, Murphy SE, Zamboni G, Nobre AC, Mackay CE. APOE genotype and cognition in healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Cortex 2018; 104:103-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Nees F, Witt SH, Flor H. Neurogenetic Approaches to Stress and Fear in Humans as Pathophysiological Mechanisms for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:810-820. [PMID: 29454655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, genetic variation associated with brain responses related to acute and chronic stress reactivity and fear learning in humans is presented as an important mechanism underlying posttraumatic stress disorder. We report that genes related to the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as genes that modulate serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neuropeptidergic functions or plasticity, play a role in this context. The strong overlap of the genetic targets involved in stress and fear learning suggests that a dimensional and mechanistic model of the development of posttraumatic stress disorder based on these constructs is promising. Genome-wide genetic analyses on fear and stress mechanisms are scarce. So far, reliable replication is still lacking for most of the molecular genetic findings, and the proportion of explained variance is rather small. Further analysis of neurogenetic stress and fear learning needs to integrate data from animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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22
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Jamal M, Ito A, Tanaka N, Miki T, Takakura A, Suzuki S, Ameno K, Kinoshita H. The Role of Apolipoprotein E and Ethanol Exposure in Age-Related Changes in Choline Acetyltransferase and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:84-92. [PMID: 29717403 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is responsible for age-dependent neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Elderly individuals are more sensitive than young individuals to the effects of ethanol (EtOH), particularly those affecting cognition. We investigated the role of APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure on age-dependent alterations in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression in the mouse hippocampus. Three-month-old (young) and 12-month-old (aged) ApoE-knockout (ApoE-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with saline or 2 g/kg EtOH, and the bilateral hippocampus was collected after 60 min for real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. ChAT (P < 0.01) and BDNF (P < 0.01) expression were significantly decreased in both young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice versus young and aged saline- and EtOH-treated WT mice. Aged saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice exhibited greater differences in ChAT and BDNF expression (P < 0.01) than young saline- and EtOH-treated ApoE-KO mice. Aged EtOH-treated WT mice also exhibited larger decreases in BDNF expression (P < 0.01)-but not in ChAT expression-than young EtOH-treated WT mice. EtOH decreased ChAT and BDNF expression in both young (P < 0.01) and aged (P < 0.01) ApoE-KO mice versus EtOH-free ApoE-KO mice of the same age. EtOH also decreased BDNF expression in aged (P < 0.01) WT mice versus EtOH-free aged WT mice. In summary, these results suggest that APOE deficiency and EtOH exposure cause age-dependent decreases in ChAT and BDNF in the hippocampus. Importantly, the decreases in ChAT and BDNF were greater in aged EtOH-treated mice, particularly those lacking APOE, raising the possibility that APOE-deficient individuals who consume alcohol may be at greater risk of memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Jamal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Asuka Ito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takakura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ameno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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23
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Polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease influences precuneal volume in two independent general populations. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 64:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Ko K, Byun MS, Yi D, Lee JH, Kim CH, Lee DY. Early-Life Cognitive Activity Is Related to Reduced Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer Signature Regions in Late Life. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:70. [PMID: 29623037 PMCID: PMC5875443 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although increased cognitive activity (CA), both current and past, is known to be associated with a decreased occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia in older adults, the exact neural mechanisms underlying the association between CA during different stages of life and human dementia remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether CA during different life stages is associated with cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology and AD-related neurodegeneration in non-demented older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data collected between April 2014 and March 2016 from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (KBASE), an ongoing prospective cohort. In total, 321 community-dwelling, non-demented older adults were involved in this study. Cerebral Aβ deposition and Aβ positivity were measured using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-positron emission tomography (PET). AD-signature region cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CMglu) and AD-signature region neurodegeneration (AD-ND) positivity were measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET. In addition, CA in early, mid, and late life was systematically evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the 321 participants, 254 were cognitively normal (CN) and 67 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The mean age of participants was 69.6 years old [standard deviation (SD) = 8.0]. Higher early-life CA (CAearly) was associated with significantly increased AD-CMglu (B = 0.035, SE = 0.013, P = 0.009) and a decreasing trend of AD-ND positivity (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.98, P = 0.04) but was not associated with Aβ deposition or positivity. We observed no association between midlife CA (CAmid) and any AD-related brain changes. Late-life CA (CAlate) showed an association with both global Aβ deposition and AD-CMglu, although it was not statistically significant. Sensitivity analyses controlling for current depression or conducted only for CN individuals revealed similar results. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CA in early life may be protective against late-life AD-related neurodegeneration, independently of cerebral Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Hyung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Lin PH, Tsai SJ, Huang CW, Mu-En L, Hsu SW, Lee CC, Chen NC, Chang YT, Lan MY, Chang CC. Dose-dependent genotype effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on default mode network in early stage Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54200-54214. [PMID: 27494844 PMCID: PMC5342335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to play a pivotal role in neurocognition, and its gene contains a functional polymorphism (Val66Met) that may explain individual differences in brain volume and memory-related activity.In this study, we enrolled 186 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients who underwent 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and explored the gray matter (GM) structural covariance networks (SCN). The patients were divided into three groups according to their genotype: Met/Met (n = 45), Val/Met (n = 86) and Val/Val (n = 55). Seed-based analysis was performed focusing on four SCN networks. Neurobehavioral scores served as the major outcome factor.Only peak cluster volumes of default mode medial temporal lobe network showed significant genotype interactions, of which the interconnected peak clusters showed dose-dependent genotype effects. There were also significant correlations between the cognitive test scores and interconnected-cluster volumes, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex.These findings support the hypothesis that BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms modulate entorhinal cortex-interconnected clusters and the valine allele was associated with stronger structural covariance patterns that determined the cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Psychiatric Department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liu Mu-En
- Psychiatric Division, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Taylor WD, Boyd B, Turner R, McQuoid DR, Ashley-Koch A, MacFall JR, Saleh A, Potter GG. APOE ε4 associated with preserved executive function performance and maintenance of temporal and cingulate brain volumes in younger adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:194-204. [PMID: 26843007 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The APOE ε4 allele is associated with cognitive deficits and brain atrophy in older adults, but studies in younger adults are mixed. We examined APOE genotype effects on cognition and brain structure in younger adults and whether genotype effects differed by age and with presence of depression. 157 adults (32 % ε4 carriers, 46 % depressed) between 20 and 50 years of age completed neuropsychological testing, 131 of which also completed 3 T cranial MRI. We did not observe a direct effect of APOE genotype on cognitive performance or structural MRI measures. A significant genotype by age interaction was observed for executive function, where age had less of an effect on executive function in ε4 carriers. Similar interactions were observed for the entorhinal cortex, rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, where the effect of age on regional volumes was reduced in ε4 carriers. There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and depression diagnosis. The ε4 allele benefits younger adults by allowing them to maintain executive function performance and volumes of cingulate and temporal cortex regions with aging, at least through age fifty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D Taylor
- The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Brian Boyd
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Rachel Turner
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Douglas R McQuoid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James R MacFall
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ayman Saleh
- The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Guy G Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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27
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Hayes JP, Reagan A, Logue MW, Hayes SM, Sadeh N, Miller DR, Verfaellie M, Wolf EJ, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Stone A, Schichman SA, Miller MW. BDNF genotype is associated with hippocampal volume in mild traumatic brain injury. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:107-117. [PMID: 28755387 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The negative long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been a growing concern in recent years, with accumulating evidence suggesting that mTBI combined with additional vulnerability factors may induce neurodegenerative-type changes in the brain. However, the factors instantiating risk for neurodegenerative disease following mTBI are unknown. This study examined the link between mTBI and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype, which has previously been shown to regulate processes involved in neurodegeneration including synaptic plasticity and facilitation of neural survival through its expression. Specifically, we examined nine BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs908867, rs11030094, rs6265, rs10501087, rs1157659, rs1491850, rs11030107, rs7127507 and rs12273363) previously associated with brain atrophy or memory deficits in mTBI. Participants were 165 white, non-Hispanic Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans between the ages of 19 and 58, 110 of whom had at least one mTBI in their lifetime. Results showed that the BDNF SNP rs1157659 interacted with mTBI to predict hippocampal volume. Furthermore, exploratory analysis of functional resting state data showed that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes with a history of mTBI had reduced functional connectivity in the default mode network compared to major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) was not a significant predictor of hippocampal volume or functional connectivity. These results suggest that rs1157659 minor allele homozygotes may be at greater risk for neurodegeneration after exposure to mTBI and provide further evidence for a potential role for BDNF in regulating neural processes following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Reagan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Sadeh
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D R Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Verfaellie
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R E McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W P Milberg
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S A Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Mak E, Gabel S, Mirette H, Su L, Williams GB, Waldman A, Wells K, Ritchie K, Ritchie C, O’Brien J. Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:250-264. [PMID: 27777039 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and 'signature' brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.
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29
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Stening E, Persson J, Eriksson E, Wahlund LO, Zetterberg H, Söderlund H. Specific patterns of whole-brain structural covariance of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in young APOE ε4 carriers. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:256-264. [PMID: 28284953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 has been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes in healthy aging, while findings in young adults are inconclusive. Previous studies have mostly used univariate methods, and without considering potential anterior/posterior differences. Here, we used a multivariate method, partial least squares, and assessed whole-brain structural covariance of the anterior (aHC) and posterior (pHC) hippocampus in young adults (n=97) as a function of APOE ε4 status and sex. Two significant patterns emerged: (1) specific structural covariance of the aHC with frontal regions, temporal and occipital areas in APOE ε4 women, whereas the volume of both the aHC and pHC in all other groups co-varied with frontal, parietal and cerebellar areas; and (2) opposite structural covariance of the pHC in ε4 carriers compared to the aHC in non-carriers, with the pHC of ε4 carriers covarying with parietal and frontal areas, and the aHC of ε4 non-carriers covarying with motor areas and the middle frontal gyrus. APOE ε4 has in young adults been associated with better episodic and spatial memory, functions involving the aHC and pHC, respectively. We found no associations between structural covariance and performance, suggesting that other factors underlie the performance differences seen between carriers and non-carriers. Our findings indicate that APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers differ in hippocampal organization and that there are differences as a function of sex and hippocampal segment. They stress the need to consider the hippocampus as a heterogeneous structure, and highlight the benefits of multivariate methods in assessing group differences in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stening
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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30
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Modulation of APOE and SORL1 genes on hippocampal functional connectivity in healthy young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2877-2889. [PMID: 28229235 PMCID: PMC5541082 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) genes act on the same metabolic pathway and have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by hippocampal impairment. Although the effects of APOE on hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) have been reported, the main effects of SORL1 and SORL1 × APOE interactions on hippocampal rsFC in healthy subjects remain largely unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the main effects of SORL1 rs2070045, and APOE, and their interaction effects on hippocampal rsFC in healthy young adults. The main effect of APOE showed that risk ε4 carriers had decreased positive hippocampal rsFC with the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and increased positive hippocampal rsFC with the sensorimotor cortex compared with non-ε4 carriers. The main effect of SORL1 showed that risk G-allele carriers had decreased positive rsFC between the hippocampus and middle temporal gyrus compared with TT carriers. No significant additive interaction was observed. Instead, significant SORL1 × APOE non-additive interaction was found in negative rsFC between the hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus. Compared with subjects with TT genotype, SORL1 G-allele carriers had a stronger negative rsFC in APOE ε4 carriers, but a weaker negative rsFC in APOE non-ε4 carriers. These findings suggest that SORL1 and APOE genes modulate different hippocampal rsFCs and have a complex interaction. The SORL1- and APOE-dependent hippocampal connectivity changes may at least partly account for their association with AD.
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31
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Bombardier A, Beauchemin M, Gosselin N, Poirier J, De Beaumont L. Altered Episodic Memory in Introverted Young Adults Carrying the BDNF Met Allele. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111886. [PMID: 27845759 PMCID: PMC5133885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While most studies have been interested in the distinct, predisposing roles of the common BDNF Val66Met variant and extraversion personality traits on episodic memory, very few studies have looked at the synergistic effects of genetic and personality factors to account for cognitive variance. This is surprising considering recent reports challenging the long-held belief that the BDNFMet variant negatively impacts cognitive function. A total of 75 young healthy adults (26 of them carried at least one copy of the BDNFMet allele) took part in this study consisting of genetic profiling from saliva, personality assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and a short battery of neuropsychological tests. An ANOVA revealed that BDNFMet carriers were significantly less extraverted than BDNFVal carriers (F1,73 = 9.54; p < 0.01; ηp² = 0.126). Moreover, extraversion was found to significantly moderate the relationship between the BDNF genotype and episodic memory performance (p = 0.03). Subsequent correlational analyses yielded a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.542; p < 0.005) between introversion and delayed episodic memory specific to BDNFMet individuals. The present study suggests that introversion and the BDNFMet variant synergistically interact to reduce episodic memory performance in healthy, young adults. These findings reaffirm that a more accurate explanation of cognitive variance can be achieved by looking at the synergistic effects of genotype and phenotype factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanne Bombardier
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Maude Beauchemin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Montreal Sacred Heart Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.
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32
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Jasińska KK, Molfese PJ, Kornilov SA, Mencl WE, Frost SJ, Lee M, Pugh KR, Grigorenko EL, Landi N. The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Influences Reading Ability and Patterns of Neural Activation in Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157449. [PMID: 27551971 PMCID: PMC4995017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how genes impact the brain’s functional activation for learning and cognition during development remains limited. We asked whether a common genetic variant in the BDNF gene (the Val66Met polymorphism) modulates neural activation in the young brain during a critical period for the emergence and maturation of the neural circuitry for reading. In animal models, the bdnf variation has been shown to be associated with the structure and function of the developing brain and in humans it has been associated with multiple aspects of cognition, particularly memory, which are relevant for the development of skilled reading. Yet, little is known about the impact of the Val66Met polymorphism on functional brain activation in development, either in animal models or in humans. Here, we examined whether the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (dbSNP rs6265) is associated with children’s (age 6–10) neural activation patterns during a reading task (n = 81) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), genotyping, and standardized behavioral assessments of cognitive and reading development. Children homozygous for the Val allele at the SNP rs6265 of the BDNF gene outperformed Met allele carriers on reading comprehension and phonological memory, tasks that have a strong memory component. Consistent with these behavioral findings, Met allele carriers showed greater activation in reading–related brain regions including the fusiform gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus as well as greater activation in the hippocampus during a word and pseudoword reading task. Increased engagement of memory and spoken language regions for Met allele carriers relative to Val/Val homozygotes during reading suggests that Met carriers have to exert greater effort required to retrieve phonological codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja K. Jasińska
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter J. Molfese
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Sergey A. Kornilov
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - W. Einar Mencl
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Lee
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Pugh
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Elena L. Grigorenko
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Moscow City University for Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nicole Landi
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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33
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Konishi K, Bhat V, Banner H, Poirier J, Joober R, Bohbot VD. APOE2 Is Associated with Spatial Navigational Strategies and Increased Gray Matter in the Hippocampus. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:349. [PMID: 27468260 PMCID: PMC4942687 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has a strong association with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ε4 allele is a well-documented genetic risk factor of AD. In contrast, the ε2 allele of the APOE gene is known to be protective against AD. Much of the focus on the APOE gene has been on the ε4 allele in both young and older adults and few studies have looked into the cognitive and brain structure correlates of the ε2 allele, especially in young adults. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between APOE genotype, navigation behavior, and hippocampal gray matter in healthy young adults. One-hundred and twenty-four healthy young adults were genotyped and tested on the 4on8 virtual maze, a task that allows for the assessment of navigation strategy. The task assesses the spontaneous use of either a hippocampus-dependent spatial strategy or a caudate nucleus-dependent response strategy. Of the 124 participants, 37 underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found that ε2 carriers use a hippocampus-dependent spatial strategy to a greater extent than ε3 homozygous individuals and ε4 carriers. We also found that APOE ε2 allele carriers have more gray matter in the hippocampus compared to ε3 homozygous individuals and ε4 carriers. Our findings suggest that the protective effects of the ε2 allele may, in part, be expressed through increased hippocampus gray matter and increased use of hippocampus-dependent spatial strategies. The current article demonstrates the relationship between brain structure, navigation behavior, and APOE genotypes in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Konishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Harrison Banner
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique D Bohbot
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Verdun, QC, Canada
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Mühle C, Kreczi J, Rhein C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Doerfler A, Lenz B, Kornhuber J. Additive sex-specific influence of common non-synonymous DISC1 variants on amygdala, basal ganglia, and white cortical surface area in healthy young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:881-894. [PMID: 27369464 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene is known for its role in the development of mental disorders. It is also involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, and memory. To investigate the association between DISC1 variants and brain morphology, we analyzed the influence of the three common non-synonymous polymorphisms in DISC1 on specific brain structures in healthy young adults. The volumes of brain regions were determined in 145 subjects by magnetic resonance imaging and automated analysis using FreeSurfer. Genotyping was performed by high resolution melting of amplified products. In an additive genetic model, rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs3738401 (Arg264Gln), and rs821616 (Ser704Cys) significantly explained the volume variance of the amygdala (p = 0.007) and the pallidum (p = 0.004). A higher cumulative portion of minor alleles was associated with larger volumes of the amygdala (p = 0.005), the pallidum (p = 0.001), the caudate (p = 0.024), and the putamen (p = 0.007). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a strong genetic effect of rs6675281 on putamen and pallidum in females but not in males and an opposite influence of rs3738401 on the white cortical surface in females compared to males. The strongest single association was found for rs821616 and the amygdala volume in male subjects (p < 0.001). No effect was detected for the nucleus accumbens. We report-to our knowledge-for the first time a significant and sex-specific influence of common DISC1 variants on volumes of the basal ganglia, the amygdala and on the cortical surface area. Our results demonstrate that the additive model of all three polymorphisms outperforms their single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jakob Kreczi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Lack of an association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and plasma BDNF with hippocampal volume and memory. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 15:625-43. [PMID: 25784293 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be important for neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in nonhuman animals. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene, involving a valine (Val) to methionine (Met) substitution at codon 66, has been associated with lower BDNF secretion in vitro. However, there have been mixed results regarding associations between either circulating BDNF or the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with hippocampal volume and memory in humans. The current study examined the association of BDNF genotype and plasma BDNF with hippocampal volume and memory in two large independent cohorts of middle-aged and older adults (both cognitively normal and early-stage dementia). Sample sizes ranged from 123 to 649. Measures of the BDNF genotype, plasma BDNF, MRI-based hippocampal volume, and memory performance were obtained from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). There were no significant differences between BDNF Met+ and Met- groups on either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort. In addition, plasma BDNF was not significantly associated with either hippocampal volume or memory in either cohort. Neither age, cognitive status, nor gender moderated any of the relationships. Overall, current findings suggest that BDNF genotype and plasma BDNF may not be robust predictors for variance in hippocampal volume and memory in middle age and older adult cohorts.
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Tromp D, Dufour A, Lithfous S, Pebayle T, Després O. Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Insights from imaging and behavioral studies. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:232-62. [PMID: 26318058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive changes often include difficulties in retrieving memories, particularly those that rely on personal experiences within their temporal and spatial contexts (i.e., episodic memories). This decline may vary depending on the studied phase (i.e., encoding, storage or retrieval), according to inter-individual differences, and whether we are talking about normal or pathological (e.g., Alzheimer disease; AD) aging. Such cognitive changes are associated with different structural and functional alterations in the human neural network that underpins episodic memory. The prefrontal cortex is the first structure to be affected by age, followed by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. In AD, however, the modifications occur mainly in the MTL (hippocampus and adjacent structures) before spreading to the neocortex. In this review, we will present results that attempt to characterize normal and pathological cognitive aging at multiple levels by integrating structural, behavioral, inter-individual and neuroimaging measures of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tromp
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - A Dufour
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France; Centre d'Investigations Neurocognitives et Neurophysiologiques (CI2N - UMS 3489 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Lithfous
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - T Pebayle
- Centre d'Investigations Neurocognitives et Neurophysiologiques (CI2N - UMS 3489 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - O Després
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
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Chen CC, Chen CJ, Wu D, Chi NF, Chen PC, Liao YP, Chiu HW, Hu CJ. BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Functional MRI During n-Back Working Memory Tasks. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1586. [PMID: 26496261 PMCID: PMC4620795 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Val66Met polymorphism on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is associated with hippocampal pathology and impaired episodic memory. However, the influence of this polymorphism on working memory (WM) performance and patterns of brain activation is controversial. This study investigated the effects of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during n-back WM tasks in healthy middle-aged adults.A total of 110 participants without subjective or objective cognitive impairment underwent BDNF genotyping. Eleven Met allele carriers and 9 noncarriers underwent fMRI during WM tasks.The WM performance was similar between the 2 groups. Increased brain activation in response to increases in WM loads was observed in both groups. The Met allele carrier group showed consistently lower brain activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the middle occipital gyrus than that of the noncarrier group (P < 0.001). No brain region showed increased activation during WM tasks in the Met allele group.BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may affect the WM network. Met allele carriers have lower brain activation in the right SFG and middle occipital gyrus than do noncarriers during WM tasks. Defective development of the WM network during brain maturation or differentiation is a possible mechanism. Additional studies with a larger sample and longer follow-up period are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Chen
- From the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (CCC, HWC); Department of Neurology (CCC, DW, NFC, PCC, CJH); Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (CJC, YPL); Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (YPL); Department of Neurology, Medical School, Taipei Medical University, Taipei (CJH); and Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan (CJH)
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Chau CMY, Cepeda IL, Devlin AM, Weinberg J, Grunau RE. The Val66Met brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variant interacts with early pain exposure to predict cortisol dysregulation in 7-year-old children born very preterm: Implications for cognition. Neuroscience 2015; 342:188-199. [PMID: 26318333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early stress in the form of repetitive neonatal pain, in infants born very preterm, is associated with long-term dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and with poorer cognitive performance. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is important in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions is reduced by stress. Therefore the BDNF Val66Met variant, which affects secretion of BDNF, may interact with early exposure to pain-related stress in children born very preterm, to differentially affect HPA regulation that in turn may be associated with altered cognitive performance. The aims of this study were to investigate whether in children born very preterm, the BDNF Val66Met variant modulates the association between neonatal pain-related stress and cortisol levels at age 7years, and if cortisol levels were related to cognitive function. Furthermore, we examined whether these relationships were sex-specific. Using a longitudinal cohort design, N=90 children born very preterm (24-32weeks gestation) were followed from birth to age 7years. Cortisol was assayed from hair as an index of cumulative stress and from saliva to measure reactivity to a cognitive challenge. BDNF Val66Met variant was genotyped at 7years using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using generalized linear modeling, in boys with the Met allele, greater neonatal pain-related stress (adjusted for clinical risk factors) predicted lower hair cortisol (p=0.006) and higher reactivity salivary cortisol (p=0.002). In both boys and girls with the Met allele, higher salivary cortisol reactivity was correlated with lower IQ (r=-0.60; p=0.001) and poorer visual-motor integration (r=-0.48; p=0.008). Our findings show associations between lower BDNF availability (presence of the Met allele) and vulnerability to neonatal pain/stress in boys, but not girls. This exploratory study suggests new directions for research into possible mechanisms underlying how neonatal pain/stress is related to cognitive performance in children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Y Chau
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - I L Cepeda
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A M Devlin
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Weinberg
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R E Grunau
- Developmental Neurosciences and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Ng T, Teo SM, Yeo HL, Shwe M, Gan YX, Cheung YT, Foo KM, Cham MT, Lee JA, Tan YP, Fan G, Yong WS, Preetha M, Loh WJK, Koo SL, Jain A, Lee GE, Wong M, Dent R, Yap YS, Ng R, Khor CC, Ho HK, Chan A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism (rs6265) is protective against chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:244-51. [PMID: 26289590 PMCID: PMC4724179 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates neuronal function and development, is implicated in several neurodegenerative conditions. Preliminary data suggest that a reduction of BDNF concentrations may lead to postchemotherapy cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6265) of the BDNF gene may predispose patients to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BDNF gene polymorphism on chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment. Methods Overall, 145 patients receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer (mean age: 50.8 ± 8.8 y; 82.1% Chinese) were recruited. Patients' cognitive functions were assessed longitudinally using the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (v.3) and an objective computerized tool, Headminder. Genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and cognition after adjusting for ethnicity and clinically important covariates. Results Of the 145 patients, 54 (37%) reported cognitive impairment postchemotherapy. The Met/Met genotype was associated with statistically significant lower odds of developing cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08–0.92; P = .036). The Met carriers were less likely to experience impairment in the domains of verbal fluency (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90; P = .031) and multitasking ability (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.91; P = .030) compared with the Val/Val homozygote. No associations were observed between Headminder and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Conclusions This is the first study to provide evidence that carriers of the BDNF Met allele are protected against chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment. Further studies are required to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Hui Ling Yeo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Maung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yan Xiang Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Koon Mian Foo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Mooi Tai Cham
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yee Pin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Gilbert Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Wei Sean Yong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Madhukumar Preetha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Wei-Jen Kiley Loh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Guek Eng Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Mabel Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Rebecca Dent
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Raymond Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
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The cortical surface area of the insula mediates the effect of DBH rs7040170 on novelty seeking. Neuroimage 2015; 117:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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A role for the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism in schizophrenia? A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:15-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lipsky RH, Lin M. Genetic predictors of outcome following traumatic brain injury. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 127:23-41. [PMID: 25702208 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52892-6.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has acute and chronic outcomes for those who survive. Over time, the chronic process of injury impacts multiple organ systems that may lead to disease. We discuss possible mechanisms and methodological issues in the context of candidate gene association studies using TBI patient populations. Because study population sizes have been generally limited, we discussed results on genes that have been the focus of independent studies. We also present a justification for testing more speculative candidate genes in recovery from TBI, such as those involved in circadian rhythm, to outline the importance of prioritizing functional variants in genes that may modulate recovery or provide neuroprotection from TBI. Finally, we provide a perspective on how future research will integrate population level genetic findings with the biological basis of disease in order to create a resource of predictive outcome measures for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lipsky
- Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Mingkuan Lin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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Lamb YN, McKay NS, Thompson CS, Hamm JP, Waldie KE, Kirk IJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism, human memory, and synaptic neuroplasticity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2014; 6:97-108. [PMID: 26263066 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some people have much better memory than others, and there is compelling evidence that a considerable proportion of this variation in memory ability is genetically inherited. A form of synaptic plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) is the principal candidate mechanism underlying memory formation in neural circuits, and it might be expected, therefore, that a genetic influence on the degree of LTP might in turn influence memory abilities. Of the genetic variations thought to significantly influence mnemonic ability in humans, the most likely to have its effect via LTP is a single nucleotide polymorphism affecting brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF (Val66Met)]. However, although it is likely that BDNF influences memory via a modulation of acute plasticity (i.e., LTP), BDNF also has considerable influence on structural development of neural systems. Thus, the influence of BDNF (Val66Met) on mnemonic performance via influences of brain structure as well as function must also be considered. In this brief review, we will describe the phenomenon of LTP and its study in non-human animals. We will discuss the relatively recent attempts to translate this work to studies in humans. We will describe how this has enabled investigation of the effect of the BDNF polymorphism on LTP, on brain structure, and on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette N Lamb
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole S McKay
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeffrey P Hamm
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian J Kirk
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Interplay between childhood trauma and BDNF val66met variants on blood BDNF mRNA levels and on hippocampus subfields volumes in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 59:14-21. [PMID: 25246365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we investigated a two hit gene environment model in relation to functional genomic factors (BDNF mRNA), and volume of hippocampal subfields in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders, focusing on both an environmental (childhood trauma) and genetic risk factor (BDNF val66met). METHOD A total of 323 patients with a broad DSM-IV schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder were consecutively recruited. A history of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. BDNF DNA and RNA were analyzed using standardized procedures. A subsample of n = 108 underwent MRI scanning, and the FreeSurfer was used to obtain measures of hippocampal subfield. All MRI data were corrected for age and gender, with post-hoc analysis correcting for ICV. RESULTS A history of childhood trauma or being a met carrier of the BDNF val66met was associated with significantly reduced BDNF mRNA level. Additive effects were observed between a history of childhood trauma and BDNF val66met, in the direction of met carriers with high levels of childhood trauma having the lowest BDNF mRNA levels. Lastly, met carriers reporting high levels of childhood trauma (specifically sexual or physical abuse) had significantly reduced hippocampal subfield volumes CA2/3 and CA4 dentate gyrus. CONCLUSION The current findings demonstrate that the reduced BDNF mRNA levels found in psychosis may be associated with both a history of childhood trauma and BDNF val66met variants. Further, our study supports a two hit model including a history of childhood trauma as well as genetic vulnerability (met carriers of the BDNF val66met) behind reduced volume of hippocampal subfields in psychosis. This was specifically found for areas important for neurogenesis, the CA2/3 and the CA4 DG.
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Abstract
Alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) have smaller hippocampi and poorer neurocognition than healthy controls. Results from studies on the association between alcohol consumption and hippocampal volume have been mixed, suggesting that comorbid or premorbid factors (i.e., those present prior to the initiation of alcohol dependence) determine hippocampal volume in ALC. We aimed to characterize the effects of select comorbid (i.e., cigarette smoking) and premorbid factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] genotype [Val66Met rs6265]) on hippocampal volume in an ALC cohort followed longitudinally into extended abstinence. One hundred twenty-one adult ALC in treatment (76 smokers, 45 non-smokers) and 35 non-smoking light-drinking controls underwent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, BDNF genotyping, and neurocognitive assessments. Representative subgroups were studied at 1 week, 1 month, and at an average of 7 months of abstinence. ALC had smaller hippocampi than healthy controls at all time points. Hippocampal volume at 1 month of abstinence correlated with lower visuospatial function. Smoking status did not influence hippocampal volume or hippocampal volume recovery during abstinence. However, only BDNF Val homozygotes tended to have hippocampal volume increases over 7 months of abstinence, and Val homozygotes had significantly larger hippocampi than Met carriers at 7 months of abstinence. These findings suggest that BDNF genotype, but not smoking status or measures of drinking severity, regulate functionally relevant hippocampal volume recovery in abstinent ALC. Future studies aimed at exploring genetic determinants of brain morphometry in ALC may need to evaluate individuals during extended abstinence after the acute environmental effects of chronic alcohol consumption have waned.
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Volume of the hippocampal subfields in healthy adults: differential associations with age and a pro-inflammatory genetic variant. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2663-74. [PMID: 24947882 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most age-sensitive brain regions, yet the mechanisms of hippocampal shrinkage remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that hippocampal subfields are differentially vulnerable to aging and differentially sensitive to vascular risk. Promoters of inflammation are frequently proposed as major contributors to brain aging and vascular disease but their effects on hippocampal subfields are unknown. We examined the associations of hippocampal subfield volumes with age, a vascular risk factor (hypertension), and genetic polymorphisms associated with variation in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1β C-511T and IL-6 C-174G) and risk for Alzheimer's disease (APOEε4) in healthy adult volunteers (N = 80; age = 22-82 years). Volumes of three hippocampal subfields, cornu ammonis (CA) 1-2, CA3-dentate gyrus, and the subiculum were manually measured on high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Advanced age was differentially associated with smaller volume of CA1-2, whereas carriers of the T allele of IL-1β C-511T polymorphism had smaller volume of all hippocampal subfields than CC homozygotes did. Neither of the other genetic variants, nor diagnosis of hypertension, was associated with any of the measured volumes. The results support the notion that volumes of age-sensitive brain regions may be affected by pro-inflammatory factors that may be targeted by therapeutic interventions.
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Ward DD, Summers MJ, Saunders NL, Janssen P, Stuart KE, Vickers JC. APOE and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms combine to influence episodic memory function in older adults. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:309-15. [PMID: 24946073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have shown inconsistent associations with healthy adult cognitive functions. Recent investigations have suggested that APOE polymorphisms do not contribute to non-pathological cognitive function and that any effect is likely due to prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD). Similarly, although BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms affect hippocampal morphology and function, associations with learning and/or memory have not always been found. This study sought to determine whether APOE and BDNF polymorphisms were associated, either independently or in combination, with adult cognition. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were conducted on 433 older adults, aged 50-79 years (M=62.16, SD=6.81), which yielded measures of episodic memory, working memory, executive function, and language processing. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to ensure that only cognitively intact individuals comprised the sample. APOE and BDNF polymorphic data were used as predictors in general linear models that assessed composite cognitive domain variables, while covarying for education and age. Although no main effects for APOE or BDNF were found, the analysis identified a significant APOE×BDNF interaction that predicted episodic memory performance (p=.02, η(2)=.02). Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that in BDNF Val homozygotes, the cognitive consequences of APOE polymorphisms were minimal. However, in BDNF Met carriers, the hypothesized beneficial/detrimental effects of APOE polymorphisms were found. Our data show that concurrent consideration of both APOE and BDNF polymorphisms are required in order to witness a cognitive effect in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Ward
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mathew J Summers
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Nichole L Saunders
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Pierce Janssen
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberley E Stuart
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia; Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Australia
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MacLeod CA, Donaldson DI. PRKCA polymorphism changes the neural basis of episodic remembering in healthy individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98018. [PMID: 24842701 PMCID: PMC4026476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday functioning relies on episodic memory, the conscious retrieval of past experiences, but this crucial cognitive ability declines severely with aging and disease. Vulnerability to memory decline varies across individuals however, producing differences in the time course and severity of memory problems that complicate attempts at diagnosis and treatment. Here we identify a key source of variability, by examining gene dependent changes in the neural basis of episodic remembering in healthy adults, targeting seven polymorphisms previously linked to memory. Scalp recorded Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were measured while participants remembered words, using an item recognition task that requires discrimination between studied and unstudied stimuli. Significant differences were found as a consequence of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in just one of the tested genes, PRKCA (rs8074995). Participants with the common G/G variant exhibited left parietal old/new effects, which are typically seen in word recognition studies, reflecting recollection-based remembering. During the same stage of memory retrieval participants carrying a rarer A variant exhibited an atypical pattern of brain activity, a topographically dissociable frontally-distributed old/new effect, even though behavioural performance did not differ between groups. Results replicated in a second independent sample of participants. These findings demonstrate that the PRKCA genotype is important in determining how episodic memories are retrieved, opening a new route towards understanding individual differences in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. MacLeod
- Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David I. Donaldson
- Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Taylor JL, Scanlon BK, Farrell M, Hernandez B, Adamson MM, Ashford JW, Noda A, Murphy GM, Weiner MW. APOE-epsilon4 and aging of medial temporal lobe gray matter in healthy adults older than 50 years. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2479-2485. [PMID: 24929969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atrophy of the hippocampus and surrounding temporal regions occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE ε4, the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, has been associated with smaller volume in these regions before amyloidosis can be detected by AD biomarkers. To examine APOE ε4 effects in relation to aging, we performed a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study involving cognitively normal adults (25 APOE ε4 carriers and 31 ε3 homozygotes), initially aged 51-75 years. We used growth curve analyses, which can provide information about APOE ε4-related differences initially and later in life. Hippocampal volume was the primary outcome; nearby medial temporal regions were secondary outcomes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, val66met was a secondary covariate. APOE ε4 carriers had significantly smaller initial hippocampal volumes than ε3 homozygotes. Rate of hippocampal atrophy was not greater in the APOE ε4 group, although age-related atrophy was detected in the overall sample. The findings add to the growing evidence that effects of APOE ε4 on hippocampal size begin early in life, underscoring the importance of early interventions to increase reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy L Taylor
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Blake K Scanlon
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Farrell
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beatriz Hernandez
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Art Noda
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, Palo Alto CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Greer M Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Carvalho A, Rea IM, Parimon T, Cusack BJ. Physical activity and cognitive function in individuals over 60 years of age: a systematic review. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:661-82. [PMID: 24748784 PMCID: PMC3990369 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s55520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether physical activity in later life is beneficial for maintenance of cognitive function. We performed a systematic review examining the effects of exercise on cognitive function in older individuals, and present possible mechanisms whereby physical activity may improve cognition. METHODS Sources consisted of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the University of Washington, School of Medicine Library Database, with a search conducted on August 15, 2012 for publications limited to the English language starting January 1, 2000. Randomized controlled trials including at least 30 participants and lasting at least 6 months, and all observational studies including a minimum of 100 participants for one year, were evaluated. All subjects included were at least 60 years of age. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies reported a positive correlation between physical activity and maintenance or enhancement of cognitive function. Five studies reported a dose-response relationship between physical activity and cognition. One study showed a nonsignificant correlation. CONCLUSION The preponderance of evidence suggests that physical activity is beneficial for cognitive function in the elderly. However, the majority of the evidence is of medium quality with a moderate risk of bias. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the association between exercise and cognitive function and to determine which types of exercise have the greatest benefit on specific cognitive domains. Despite these caveats, the current evidence suggests that physical activity may help to improve cognitive function and, consequently, delay the progression of cognitive impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carvalho
- Department of Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry J Cusack
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, ID, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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