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Khan ZA, Gupta K, Dasgupta I. Transient expression analysis of promoters of okra enation leaf curl virus in Nicotiana benthamiana, cotton and okra plants. Virus Genes 2024; 60:412-422. [PMID: 38727968 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Viral promoters can be used to drive heterologous gene expression in transgenic plants. As part of our quest to look for new promoters, we have explored, for the first time, the promoters of okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), a begomovirus infecting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The Rep and CP promoters of OELCuV fused with the gfp reporter gene, were expressed transiently in the natural host okra and the laboratory host cotton and Nicotiana benthamiana. The expression levels of the promoters were quantified through confocal laser scanning microscopy and GFP assay in N. benthamiana and okra. The results indicated that the Rep promoter was more active than the CP promoter, whose activity was similar to that of CaMV 35S promoter. Additionally, the Rep and CP promoters showed increase of expression, probably due to transactivation, when assayed following inoculation of OELCuV and betasatellite DNAs in cotton plants. A moderate increase in promoter activity in N. benthamiana was also seen, when assayed following the inoculation of the heterologous begomovirus Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul A Khan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kanika Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Gupta K, Rishishwar R, Khan ZA, Dasgupta I. Agrobacterium-mediated co-inoculation of okra plants with cloned okra enation leaf curl virus DNA and bhendi yellow vein mosaic beta-satellite DNA furthers Koch's postulates for enation leaf curl disease. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114413. [PMID: 34902462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The enation leaf curl disease (ELCuD) is one of the several viral diseases affecting the cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in the Indian subcontinent. Several begomoviruses and satellites are associated with ELCuD. However, to date, there are no reports of the re-introduction of any cloned ELCuD-associated viral DNA back into okra to cause ELCuD-like symptoms. Okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) and various satellites, which includes bhendi yellow vein mosaic beta-satellite (BYVMB) have earlier been reported to be associated with ELCuD and with other okra diseases such as bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. In this report, it is shown that agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of a cloned DNA of OELCuV and BYVMB to the shoot apex of virus-free okra plants led to symptoms resembling ELCuD. The OELCuV and the BYVMB DNAs could be PCR- amplified from the symptomatic leaves of the agro-inoculated plants. Full-length OELCuV DNA could also be amplified from the same symptomatic leaves, part of whose DNA sequence matched with that of the DNA which was inoculated. Hence, this work is an important step towards the fulfilment of Koch's postulates for ELCuD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rashmi Rishishwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Zainul A Khan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Shukla A, López-González S, Hoffmann G, Hafrén A. Diverse plant viruses: a toolbox for dissection of cellular pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3029-3034. [PMID: 30882863 PMCID: PMC6598076 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research in virology has usually focused on one selected host-virus pathosystem to examine the mechanisms underlying a particular disease. However, as exemplified by the mechanistically versatile suppression of antiviral RNA silencing by plant viruses, there may be functionally convergent evolution. Assuming this is a widespread feature, we propose that effector proteins from diverse plant viruses can be a powerful resource for discovering new regulatory mechanisms of distinct cellular pathways. The efficiency of this approach will depend on how deeply and widely the studied pathway is integrated into viral infections. Beyond this, comparative studies using broad virus diversity should increase our global understanding of plant-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Shukla
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia López-González
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gesa Hoffmann
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hafrén
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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Minato N, Sok S, Chen S, Delaquis E, Phirun I, Le VX, Burra DD, Newby JC, Wyckhuys KAG, de Haan S. Surveillance for Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Cambodia and Vietnam one year after its initial detection in a single plantation in 2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212780. [PMID: 30794679 PMCID: PMC6386488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava mosaic disease, one of the ten most economically important crop viral diseases in the world, was first reported in Southeast Asia from a single plantation in Cambodia in 2015. To determine the presence and incidence of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) one year after first detection, a total of 6,480 samples from 419 fields were systematically collected from cassava production areas across Cambodia (3,840 samples; 240 fields) and Vietnam (2,640samples; 179 fields) in the 2016 cropping season. Using PCR-based diagnostics, we identified 49 SLCMV-infected plants from nine fields, representing 2% of the total number of fields sampled. Infected fields were geographically restricted to two provinces of Eastern Cambodia, while no infection was detected from any of the other sampled sites in either country. Symptom expression patterns in infected plants suggested that SLCMV may have been transmitted both through infected planting materials, and by Bemisia tabaci, the known whitefly vector of SLCMV. In addition, 14% of virus infected plants did not express typical symptoms of cassava mosaic disease on their leaves, highlighting that molecular-based validation is needed to confirm the presence of SLCMV in the field. None of the owners of the SLCMV-infected fields indicated acquired planting materials from the plantation in Ratanakiri where SLCMV was first reported. The surveillance baseline data generated for both countries is discussed in light of future options to control and manage cassava mosaic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Minato
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sophearith Sok
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute (TCGRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Erik Delaquis
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Iv Phirun
- Department of Industrial Crops, General Directorate of Agriculture (GDA), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vi Xuan Le
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dharani D. Burra
- Decision and Policy Analysis Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan C. Newby
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kris A. G. Wyckhuys
- International Joint Research Laboratory on Ecological Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Stef de Haan
- Agrobiodiversity Research Area, Asia Regional Office, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
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Kushawaha AK, Dasgupta I. Infectivity of cloned begomoviral DNAs: an appraisal. Virusdisease 2018; 30:13-21. [PMID: 31143828 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectivity of cloned begomoviral DNAs is an important criterion to establish the etiology of the disease it causes, to study viral gene functions and host-virus interactions. Three main methods have been employed to study infectivity; mechanical inoculation with cloned viral DNA using abrasives, Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation (agroinoculation) of cloned viral DNA and bombardment using microprojectiles coated with cloned viral DNA (biolistics). Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and the adoption of one over the other for demonstrating infectivity depends on various factors. This review compares the various features associated with the above three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Kushawaha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
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Lentz EM, Kuon JE, Alder A, Mangel N, Zainuddin IM, McCallum EJ, Anjanappa RB, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H. Cassava geminivirus agroclones for virus-induced gene silencing in cassava leaves and roots. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:73. [PMID: 30154909 PMCID: PMC6109987 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We report the construction of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) vector and an agroinoculation protocol for gene silencing in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and roots. The African cassava mosaic virus isolate from Nigeria (ACMV-[NOg]), which was initially cloned in a binary vector for agroinoculation assays, was modified for application as VIGS vector. The functionality of the VIGS vector was validated in Nicotiana benthamiana and subsequently applied in wild-type and transgenic cassava plants expressing the uidA gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in order to facilitate the visualization of gene silencing in root tissues. VIGS vectors were targeted to the Mg2+-chelatase gene in wild type plants and both the coding and promoter sequences of the 35S::uidA transgene in transgenic plants to induce silencing. We established an efficient agro-inoculation method with the hyper-virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1, which allows high virus infection rates. The method can be used as a low-cost and rapid high-throughput evaluation of gene function in cassava leaves, fibrous roots and storage roots. BACKGROUND VIGS is a powerful tool to trigger transient sequence-specific gene silencing in planta. Gene silencing in different organs of cassava plants, including leaves, fibrous and storage roots, is useful for the analysis of gene function. RESULTS We developed an African cassava mosaic virus-based VIGS vector as well as a rapid and efficient agro-inoculation protocol to inoculate cassava plants. The VIGS vector was validated by targeting endogenous genes from Nicotiana benthamiana and cassava as well as the uidA marker gene in transgenic cassava for visualization of gene silencing in cassava leaves and roots. CONCLUSIONS The African cassava mosaic virus-based VIGS vector allows efficient and cost-effective inoculation of cassava for high-throughput analysis of gene function in cassava leaves and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Matias Lentz
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel-Elias Kuon
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Alder
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Mangel
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ima M. Zainuddin
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emily Jane McCallum
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ravi Bodampalli Anjanappa
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, ETH Zurich-LFW, E56.1, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Plant Genetics Lab, TERRA Research and Teaching Centre, Gembloux Agro BioTech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Karthikeyan C, Patil BL, Borah BK, Resmi TR, Turco S, Pooggin MM, Hohn T, Veluthambi K. Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2016; 8:E264. [PMID: 27690084 PMCID: PMC5086600 DOI: 10.3390/v8100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The major threat for cassava cultivation on the Indian subcontinent is cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses which are bipartite begomoviruses with DNA A and DNA B components. Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) cause CMD in India. Two isolates of SLCMV infected the cassava cultivar Sengutchi in the fields near Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram cities of Kerala State, India. The Malappuram isolate was persistent when maintained in the Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India) greenhouse, whereas the Thiruvananthapuram isolate did not persist. The recovered cassava plants with the non-persistent SLCMV, which were maintained vegetative in quarantine in the University of Basel (Basel, Switzerland) greenhouse, displayed re-emergence of CMD after a six-month period. Interestingly, these plants did not carry SLCMV but carried ICMV. It is interpreted that the field-collected, SLCMV-infected cassava plants were co-infected with low levels of ICMV. The loss of SLCMV in recovered cassava plants, under greenhouse conditions, then facilitated the re-emergence of ICMV. The partial dimer clones of the persistent and non-persistent isolates of SLCMV and the re-emerged isolate of ICMV were infective in Nicotiana benthamiana upon agroinoculation. Studies on pseudo-recombination between SLCMV and ICMV in N. benthamiana provided evidence for trans-replication of ICMV DNA B by SLCMV DNA A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chockalingam Karthikeyan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Basavaprabhu L Patil
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
- Present address: ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, PusaCampus, New Delhi110012, India.
| | - Basanta K Borah
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
- Present address: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India.
| | - Thulasi R Resmi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Turco
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Mikhail M Pooggin
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Hohn
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schöenbeinstrasse 6, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Karuppannan Veluthambi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kelkar V, Kushawaha AK, Dasgupta I. Identification of amino acid residues of the coat protein of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus affecting symptom production and viral titer in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2016; 217:38-46. [PMID: 26948262 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in India and Sri Lanka. Interestingly, the DNA-A component of the SLCMV alone is able to infect Nicotiana benthamiana causing symptoms of upward leaf rolling and stunting. One of the differences between monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses is the requirement of Coat Protein (CP) for infectivity; CP being essential for the former, but dispensable in the latter. This investigation was aimed to determine the importance of CP in the infectivity of the bipartite SLCMV, behaving as a monopartite virus in N. benthamiana. We tested CP-null mutants, single amino acid replacement mutants and double, triple and quadruple combinations of the above in SLCMV DNA-A, for infectivity, symptom development and viral DNA accumulation in N. benthamiana. While CP-null mutants were non-infectious, a majority of the single amino acid replacement mutants and their combinations retained infectivity, some with attenuated symptoms and reduced viral titers. Some of the combined mutations restored the attenuated symptoms to wild type levels. Some of the mutations were predicted to cause changes in the secondary structure of the CP, which roughly correlated with the attenuation of symptoms and the reduction in viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kelkar
- University of Delhi South Campus, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Kushawaha
- University of Delhi South Campus, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- University of Delhi South Campus, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Ntui VO, Kong K, Khan RS, Igawa T, Janavi GJ, Rabindran R, Nakamura I, Mii M. Resistance to Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in genetically engineered cassava cv. KU50 through RNA silencing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120551. [PMID: 25901740 PMCID: PMC4406713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava ranks fifth among the starch producing crops of the world, its annual bioethanol yield is higher than for any other crop. Cassava cultivar KU50, the most widely grown cultivar for non-food purposes is susceptible to Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). The objective of this work was to engineer resistance to SLCMV by RNA interference (RNAi) in order to increase biomass yield, an important aspect for bioethanol production. Here, we produced transgenic KU50 lines expressing dsRNA homologous to the region between the AV2 and AV1 of DNA A of SLCMV. High level expression of dsRNA of SLCMV did not induce any growth abnormality in the transgenic plants. Transgenic lines displayed high levels of resistance to SLCMV compared to the wild-type plants and no virus load could be detected in uninoculated new leaves of the infected resistant lines after PCR amplification and RT-PCR analysis. The agronomic performance of the transgenic lines was unimpaired after inoculation with the virus as the plants presented similar growth when compared to the mock inoculated control plants and revealed no apparent reduction in the amount and weight of tubers produced. We show that the resistance is correlated with post-transcriptional gene silencing because of the production of transgene specific siRNA. The results demonstrate that transgenic lines exhibited high levels of resistance to SLCMV. This resistance coupled with the desirable yield components in the transgenic lines makes them better candidates for exploitation in the production of biomass as well as bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Otang Ntui
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Genetics/Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Kynet Kong
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tomoko Igawa
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gnanaguru Janaky Janavi
- Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramalingam Rabindran
- Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ikuo Nakamura
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mii
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Ouibrahim L, Caranta C. Exploitation of natural genetic diversity to study plant-virus interactions: what can we learn from Arabidopsis thaliana? MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2013; 14:844-54. [PMID: 23790151 PMCID: PMC6638744 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and use of cultivars that are genetically resistant to viruses is an efficient strategy to tackle the problems of virus diseases. Over the past two decades, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has been documented as a host for a broad range of viral species, providing access to a large panel of resources and tools for the study of viral infection processes and resistance mechanisms. Exploration of its natural genetic diversity has revealed a wide range of genes conferring virus resistance. The molecular characterization of some of these genes has unveiled resistance mechanisms distinct from those described in crops. In these respects, Arabidopsis represents a rich and largely untapped source of new genes and mechanisms involved in virus resistance. Here, we review the current status of our knowledge concerning natural virus resistance in Arabidopsis. We also address the impact of environmental conditions on Arabidopsis-virus interactions and resistance mechanisms, and discuss the potential of applying the knowledge gained from the study of Arabidopsis natural diversity for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ouibrahim
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, UMR 7265, CEA/CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille, France
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11
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Borah BK, Dasgupta I. Begomovirus research in India: a critical appraisal and the way ahead. J Biosci 2013; 37:791-806. [PMID: 22922204 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Begomoviruses are a large group of whitefly-transmitted plant viruses containing single-stranded circular DNA encapsidated in geminate particles. They are responsible for significant yield losses in a wide variety of crops in India. Research on begomoviruses has focussed on the molecular characterization of the viruses, their phylogenetic analyses, infectivities on host plants, DNA replication, transgenic resistance, promoter analysis and development of virus-based gene silencing vectors. There have been a number of reports of satellite molecules associated with begomoviruses. This article aims to summarize the major developments in begomoviral research in India in the last approximately 15 years and identifies future areas that need more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta K Borah
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Delhi 110 021, India
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12
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Patil BL, Fauquet CM. Cassava mosaic geminiviruses: actual knowledge and perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:685-701. [PMID: 19694957 PMCID: PMC6640248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) is one of the most devastating crop diseases and a major constraint for cassava cultivation. CMD has been reported only from the African continent and Indian subcontinent despite the large-scale cultivation of cassava in Latin America and several South-East Asian countries. Seven CMG species have been reported from Africa and two from the Indian subcontinent and, in addition, several strains have been recognized. Recombination and pseudo-recombination between CMGs give rise not only to different strains, but also to members of novel virus species with increased virulence and a new source of biodiversity, causing severe disease epidemics. CMGs are known to trigger gene silencing in plants and, in order to counteract this natural host defence, geminiviruses have evolved suppressor proteins. Temperature and other environmental factors can affect silencing and suppression, and thus modulate the symptoms. In the case of mixed infections of two or more CMGs, there is a possibility for a synergistic interaction as a result of the presence of differential and combinatorial suppressor proteins. In this article, we provide the status of recent research findings with regard to the CMD complex, present the molecular biology knowledge of CMGs with reference to other geminiviruses, and highlight the mechanisms by which CMGs have exploited nature to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu L Patil
- International Laboratory for Tropical Agricultural Biotechnology (ILTAB), Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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