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Chávez MN, Morales RA, López-Crisosto C, Roa JC, Allende ML, Lavandero S. Autophagy Activation in Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2191. [PMID: 32042056 PMCID: PMC7010704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a key role in the maintenance of overall cellular health. While it has been suggested that autophagy may elicit cardioprotective and pro-survival modulating functions, excessive activation of autophagy can also be detrimental. In this regard, the zebrafish is considered a hallmark model for vertebrate regeneration, since contrary to adult mammals, it is able to faithfully regenerate cardiac tissue. Interestingly, the role that autophagy may play in zebrafish heart regeneration has not been studied yet. In the present work, we hypothesize that, in the context of a well-established injury model of ventricular apex resection, autophagy plays a critical role during cardiac regeneration and its regulation can directly affect the zebrafish regenerative potential. We studied the autophagy events occurring upon injury using electron microscopy, in vivo tracking of autophagy markers, and protein analysis. Additionally, using pharmacological tools, we investigated how rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy, affects regeneration relevant processes. Our results show that a tightly regulated autophagic response is triggered upon injury and during the early stages of the regeneration process. Furthermore, treatment with rapamycin caused an impairment in the cardiac regeneration outcome. These findings are reminiscent of the pathophysiological description of an injured human heart and hence put forward the zebrafish as a model to study the poorly understood double-sword effect that autophagy has in cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra N Chávez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Morales
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
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Forouzanfar F, Read MI, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Neuroprotective effects of curcumin through autophagy modulation. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:652-664. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Morgayn I. Read
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Mesquita A, Pereira J, Jenny A. Streamlined particle quantification (SParQ) plug-in is an automated fluorescent vesicle quantification plug-in for particle quantification in Fiji/ImageJ. Autophagy 2019; 16:1711-1717. [PMID: 31752589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1695400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is critical for protein homeostasis in cells. A common way of studying protein transport and degradation (e.g. via autophagy) is by labeling vesicular structures such as endosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes, or model substrates with fluorescent tags or by fluorescent antibody staining. Detailed analyses require quantification of hundreds of structures under various conditions. Typically, the images are analyzed individually with software such as the widely available Fiji/ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads), adjusting and thresholding each image and channel independently, which is a very labor intensive and fastidious task. To streamline the process, we developed a plug-in that, integrated into Fiji, enables the automated quantification of vesicular (i.e. punctate) structures. Importantly, the process still allows the operator to evaluate and have control over all the phases of quantification process. ABBREVIATIONS CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CSV: comma separated values; eMI: endosomal microautophagy; Fiji: Fiji is just ImageJ; MA: macroautophagy; SParQ: Streamlined Particle Quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mesquita
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
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Thellung S, Corsaro A, Nizzari M, Barbieri F, Florio T. Autophagy Activator Drugs: A New Opportunity in Neuroprotection from Misfolded Protein Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040901. [PMID: 30791416 PMCID: PMC6412775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to critically analyze promises and limitations of pharmacological inducers of autophagy against protein misfolding-associated neurodegeneration. Effective therapies against neurodegenerative disorders can be developed by regulating the “self-defense” equipment of neurons, such as autophagy. Through the degradation and recycling of the intracellular content, autophagy promotes neuron survival in conditions of trophic factor deprivation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, or accumulation of misfolded proteins. Autophagy involves the activation of self-digestive pathways, which is different for dynamics (macro, micro and chaperone-mediated autophagy), or degraded material (mitophagy, lysophagy, aggrephagy). All neurodegenerative disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms, including the impairment of autophagic flux, which causes the inability to remove the neurotoxic oligomers of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological activation of autophagy is typically achieved by blocking the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enzymatic complex 1 (mTORC1), removing its autophagy suppressor activity observed under physiological conditions; acting in this way, rapamycin provided the first proof of principle that pharmacological autophagy enhancement can induce neuroprotection through the facilitation of oligomers’ clearance. The demand for effective disease-modifying strategies against neurodegenerative disorders is currently stimulating the development of a wide number of novel molecules, as well as the re-evaluation of old drugs for their pro-autophagic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Attenuation of autophagic-proteolysis in C2C12 cells by saccharopine. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:93-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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