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Hatipoğlu Ö, Par M, Pertek Hatipoğlu F. Comparison of degree of conversion performance of bulk-fill resin composites: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024; 149:105289. [PMID: 39103073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically compile data on the degree of conversion (DC) for bulk-fill composites using a network meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search for in vitro studies of DC of bulk-fill composites was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey. Risk of bias within studies and due to missing evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoring system and ROB-MEN tool, respectively. The primary outcome was the DC of bulk-fill composites. Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank relative performance. Inconsistencies in the model were investigated to ensure its validity and the level of confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) was assessed. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The average DC values (%) for 0-h/top, 0-h/bottom, 24-h/top, and 24-h/bottom were 59.09, 57.14, 66.73, and 63.87, respectively. According to their SUCRA ranking, the best-performing composites were: SonicFill, Venus Bulk Fill, and SDR (0-h/top), Reveal HD, i-Flow Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk- Fill (0-h/bottom), Venus Bulk Fill, SDR, and QuiXfil (24-h/top), and Venus Bulk Fill, Aura Bulk Fill, and i-Flow Bulk Fill (24-h/bottom). Incoherence between direct and indirect evidence was identified as the most significant factor affecting confidence. CONCLUSIONS DC values of bulk-fill composites were within the range commonly reported for previous generations of "conventional" composites, with flowable composites tending to perform better than sculptable composites. High variability in DC data was observed, which may be attributed to incompletely understood methodological differences. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DC is a fundamental parameter that influences multiple mechanical and biological properties of resin composites and is particularly relevant for the group of bulk-fill composites that are designed for use in thick layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Gürses M, Inan B, Cobanoglu N, Türkmen ATK. Five-year clinical follow-up of bulk-fill restorative materials in class II restorations. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:746-754. [PMID: 39261021 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2024-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the 5-year clinical performance of Class II restorations performed with different bulk-fill restorative materials. In the study, Class II restorations performed with Tetric Bulk-Fill (TBF), Filtek Bulk-Fill (FBF), and Equia Forte Fil (EF) were evaluated. One hundred-nineteen restorations were included in the study. Restorations were assessed during the 6th month, 1st, 2nd, and 5th year. Cochran Q, Pearson chi-square, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests were used for statistical analysis. In the 5th year, significant differences were observed in terms of retention, color match, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, surface texture, and anatomical form in all materials. There was a significant difference between EF and bulk-fill composites only in terms of retention and anatomical form. EF was significantly less successful than bulk-fill composites with regard to retention and anatomical form, but bulk-fill composites have shown similar clinical performance. EF cannot be an alternative to bulk-fill composites for Class II restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Gürses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University
| | | | - Nevin Cobanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University
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Kazak M, Toz Akalin T, Esen F. Comparison of Water Sorption and Water Solubility Properties of Current Restorative Materials with Different Contents. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 39293490 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate and compare water sorption and solubility properties of current restorative materials with different contents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alkasite, self-adhesive restorative material (Cention N, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative material (EQUIA Forte HT, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), nanohybrid universal composite material (OptiShade, Kerr Dental, United States), and bulk-fill composite material (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States) were used. Samples (n = 6) were prepared (2 × 10 mm) according to the ISO 4049 standards. Water sorption and solubility values were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standards. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, Tamhane's T2 post-hoc, Pearson's correlation, and independent samples t-tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly showed the highest water sorption values (57.278 ± 3.174), while Group Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative exhibited the lowest (4.429 ± 0.174; p < 0.05). The water sorption values for Group Cention N were 5.000 ± 0.542. Group EQUIA Forte HT significantly had the lowest water solubility values (-99.799 ± 1.909), while Group Cention N (-2.966 ± 0.402) significantly exhibited the highest (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between water sorption and solubility values for each material (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The bulk-fill nano-filled composite resin material was successful in terms of water sorption while the bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative system in terms of water solubility. Alkasite can be recommended to be used as a base material due to its high solubility feature. Monomer, filler type, and amount had an impact on the water sorption and solubility properties of the tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magrur Kazak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bahcesehir University School of Dental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, BAU International University School of Medicine and Health Science, Batumi, Georgia
| | - Tugba Toz Akalin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istinye University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fevzi Esen
- Department of Health Information Systems, University of Health Sciences, Institution of Hamidiye Medical Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Almoammar S, Alnazeh AA, Kamran MA, Al Jearah MM, Qasim M, Abdulla AM. Photoactivated riboflavin-doped hydroxy apatite nanospheres infiltered in orthodontic adhesives. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 39267424 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
To assess micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), microleakage (ML) antibacterial efficacy, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel with different concentrations of photoactivated riboflavin-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) nanospheres (NS) (0%,1%,5% and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF alone in orthodontic adhesive. Samples were included on the predefined inclusion criteria and positioned up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Hydroxy apatite nanospheres (HANS) commercially bought were doped with RF. Surface characterization of HANS and RF-doped HANS were assessed along with EDX analysis. Samples were grouped based on experimental orthodontic adhesive modification. Group 1: Transbond XT no modification, Group 2: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF, Group 3: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 1% HANS, Group 4: experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt % RF-doped 5% HANS and Group 5: Experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HANS. Brackets were placed based on different adhesive modifications and samples underwent thermocycling. Samples were evaluated for μTBS, DC, and ML. The type of failure was assessed using ARI. Adhesive modified and un-modified in four different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) and 0.5 wt% RF only were used to test efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans). The survival rate of S.mutans and ML was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. For the analysis of μTBS, ANOVA was employed, followed by a post-hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparisons test. The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HANS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC. Photoactivated RF-doped HANS in 1% and 0.5 wt% Riboflavin alone in orthodontic adhesive for metallic bracket bonding improved micro tensile bond strength, ML, DC, and antibacterial scores. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The highest μTBS and lowest ML were observed in Group 2 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF only. The lowest μTBS, highest ML, and lowest DC was seen in Group 5 experimental Transbond XT 0.5 wt% RF-doped 10% HA-NS. Samples in Group 1 in which Transbond XT was used as adhesive demonstrated significantly the highest microbial count of S.mutans and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anshad M Abdulla
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Niazi FH, Luddin N, Alghawazi AM, Al Sebai L, Alqerban A, Alqahtani YM, Barakat A, Samran A, Noushad M. Aluminum zirconate nanoparticles in etch and rinse adhesive to caries affected dentine: An in-vitro scanning electron microscopy, elemental distribution, antibacterial, degree of conversion and micro-tensile bond strength assessment. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1955-1964. [PMID: 38581370 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
To incorporate different concentrations of Al2O9Zr3 (1%, 5%, and 10%) nanoparticles (NP) into the ER adhesive and subsequently assess the impact of this addition on the degree of conversion, μTBS, and antimicrobial efficacy. The current research involved a wide-ranging examination that merged various investigative techniques, including the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface characterization of NP coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, μTBS testing, and microbial analysis. Teeth were divided into four groups based on the application of modified and unmodified three-step ER adhesive primer. Group 1 (0% Al2O9Zr3 NPs) Control, Group 2 (1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), Group 3 (5% Al2O9Zr3 NPs), and Group 4 (10% Al2O9Zr3 NPs). EDX analysis of Al2O9Zr3 NPs was performed showing elemental distribution in synthesized NPs. Zirconium (Zr), Aluminum (Al), and Oxides (O2). After primer application, an assessment of the survival rate of Streptococcus mutans was completed. The FTIR spectra were analyzed to observe the characteristic peaks indicating the conversion of double bonds, both before and after the curing process, for the adhesive Etch and rinse containing 1,5,10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs. μTBS and failure mode assessment were performed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope respectively. The μTBS and S.mutans survival rates comparison among different groups was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc (p = .05). Group 4 (10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans (0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL). Nonetheless, Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) displayed the maximum surviving S.mutans (0.52 ± 0.08 CFU/mL). Moreover, Group 2 (1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (21.22 ± 0.73 MPa) samples displayed highest μTBS. However, the bond strength was weakest in Group 1 (0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive) (14.13 ± 0.32 MPa) study samples. The etch-and-rinse adhesive exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) when 1% Al2O9Zr3 NPs was incorporated, as opposed to the control group. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Al2O9Zr3 NPs led to a decrease in DC. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: 10 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive specimens exhibited the minimum survival of S.mutans. 1 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive samples displayed the most strong composite/CAD bond. The highest DC was observed in Group 1: 0 wt% Al2O9Zr3 NPs + ER adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Leen Al Sebai
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Barakat
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bin Abbooud AlQhtani FA, Abdullah Kamran M, Sainudeen S, Albalawi M, Hani Murad M, Kamal Abdelrahim R, Gaafar SS, Ayman Alkhateeb F, Niazi FH. Modified Hybrid Hydroxyapatite-Silver Nanoparticles Activated via a Blue Light Source in Various Concentrations in Two-Step Self-Etch Adhesive to Caries-Affected Primary Dentin. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:550-560. [PMID: 39178410 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) hybrid nanoparticles (NPs), as an antibacterial agent when integrated in self-etch (SE) adhesive. Blue light activated HA-Ag hybrid NP incorporation on mechanical properties, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Method: Eighty primary molar teeth have carious lesions reaching the dentin but not involving the pulp. The infected dentin was removed and carious-affected dentin (CAD) was preserved. Forty samples were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. All primary teeth (n = 80) were allocated into four groups based on the incorporation of HA-Ag hybrid NPs in different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%). Group 1: 0% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 2: 1% HA-Ag hybrid NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, group 3: 5 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer, and group 4: 10 wt% HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer. The survival rate assessment of S. mutans was conducted on 40 inoculated samples. On the remaining primary teeth (n = 40), Clearfil SE bonding agent was applied uniformly via a blue light source. The composite buildup was performed on the samples and μTBS and failure analysis assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to assess DC. Survival rates of S. mutans and μTBS among the tested groups were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: 10 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer exhibited the highest level of antibacterial efficacy (0.14 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) against S. mutans. The highest μTBS (18.38 ± 0.78 MPa) at the composite/CAD interface was in group 2 (1 wt % HA-Ag NPs + Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source). The highest DC was observed in the control group with Clearfil SE bond primer + Clearfil SE bonding agent + activation with a blue light source. Conclusion: 1 wt% HA-Ag hybrid NPs showed enhanced antibacterial effectiveness, DC, and bond strength of the SE adhesive to the primary CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali Bin Abbooud AlQhtani
- Consultant in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Albalawi
- College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rawa Kamal Abdelrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Salah Gaafar
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alkhudhairy F. Experimental and Chitosan-Infused Adhesive with Dentin Pretreated with Femtosecond Laser, Methylene Blue-Activated Low-Level Laser, and Phosphoric Acid. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024. [PMID: 39069884 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2024.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To prepare experimental adhesive (EA) with 1% and without chitosan nanoparticles on dentin conditioned with a conventional technique phosphoric acid (PA) compared with two different contemporary techniques: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and femtosecond laser (FSL). Method: The methodology consisted of synthesis of EA and 1% chitosan-modified adhesive (CMA). Scanning electron microscopy, dentin adhesive interface assessment, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), degree of conversion (DC), and bond failure were assessed. Teeth were selected, disinfected, and mounted in acrylic up to the cementoenamel junction. Occlusal enamel was removed and teeth were randomly allocated into groups and conditioned. These included Group 1: samples treated with PA; Group 2: specimens conditioned with methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP) activated by PDT; and Group 3: samples conditioned with FSL. Following different conditioning regimes, specimens were bonded using 1% CMA and EA. The composite buildup was followed by SBS testing and a bond failure assessment. DC was assessed for both EA and CMA. Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to compare the mean and standard deviation of SBS and DC in different experimental groups, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Dentin pretreated with etch and rinse demonstrated the highest bond strength with 1% CMA. Dentin conditioned with MBP activated by PDT and bonded to EA showed the lowest bond scores. Overall SBS values of 1% CMA were better than EA irrespective of the conditioning regime of dentin. The DC was higher in EA adhesive. This was followed by DC in 1% CMA. DC in EA was found to be comparable with 1% CMA. Conclusions: PA remains the gold standard for dentin conditioning. The incorporation of 1% chitosan in adhesive improves SBS and results in no change in DC. The use of FSL in dentin conditioning can be used as an alternative approach as it results in SBS within acceptable limits. The study was approved by the ethical board of King Saud University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alkhudhairy
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, He X, Yang J. Real-time imaging and quantitative analysis of internal gap formation in bulk-fill and conventional resin composites: An OCT evaluation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104103. [PMID: 38677500 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe real-time internal gap formation in both bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. It aimed to provide a quantitative analysis of variations, addressing the inconclusive nature of microleakage assessment caused by differences in testing methods. METHODS Fifty extracted third molars prepared with Class I cavities, were divided into five groups (n = 10). Conventional resin Filtek Z350 XT (FZX) was applied with a double-layer filling of 2 mm per layer. Bulk-fill resins X-tra fil (XTF), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (FBP), Surefil SDR Flow + (SDR), and Filtek Flowable Restorative (FFR) were applied with a single-layer filling of 4 mm. Real-time OCT imaging was conducted during light curing. Post-curing, the entire sample was OCT-scanned. Following this, ImageJ software was used to measure the gap (G1 %). Subsequently, thermal cycling (TC) (5000 times, 5 °C-55 °C) was applied, followed by OCT scanning to calculate the gap (G2 %) and ΔG%. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Duncan's test (α=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in G1 % among the groups (p > 0.05). Following TC, FZX exhibited the highest G2 %, succeeded by FFR, FBP, XTF, and SDR, with SDR demonstrating the lowest G2 % (p < 0.05). FZX showed the highest ΔG% (p < 0.05), while SDR exhibited the lowest ΔG% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION OCT proves to be a promising tool for detecting microleakage. TC exerted a more significant negative impact on conventional resin. Surefil SDR Flow + displayed the least microleakage, both before and after TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cariology & Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Department of Cariology & Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingji Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department of Cariology & Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province and Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cariology & Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Klarić E, Bosnić JV, Par M, Tarle Z, Marovic D. One-Year Evaluation of High-Power Rapid Curing on Dentin Bond Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2297. [PMID: 38793364 PMCID: PMC11122907 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 3 s light-curing with a high-power LED curing unit on the shear bond strength of bulk-fill composites. Four bulk-fill composites were bonded to dentin with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus): two materials designed for rapid curing (Tetric PowerFill and Tetric PowerFlow) and two controls (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable). The 4 mm composite layer was light-cured with Bluephase PowerCure for 20 s at 1000 mW/cm2 ("20 s") or for 3 s at 3000 mW/cm2 ("3 s"). The samples were stored at 37 °C in distilled water and tested after 1, 6 and 12 months. The samples polymerised in the "3 s" mode had statistically similar or higher bond strength than the samples cured in "20 s" mode, except for the Tetric PowerFlow (1 month) and SDR+ (6 month). The flowable materials Tetric PowerFlow and SDR Plus initially showed the highest values in the "3 s" and "20 s" groups, which decreased after 12 months. The bond strength was statistically similar for all materials and curing protocols after 12 months, except for Tetric PowerFill cured with the "3 s" protocol (21.22 ± 5.0 MPa), which showed the highest value. Tetric PowerFill showed the highest long-term bond strength. While "3 s" curing resulted in equal or better shear bond strength, its use can only be recommended for a material with an AFCT agent such as Tetric PowerFill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klarić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | | | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
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Ismail HS, Ali AI, El Mehesen R, Garcia-Godoy F, Mahmoud SH. Clinical evaluation of subgingival open sandwich restorations: 3-year results of a randomized double-blind trial. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:573-587. [PMID: 37902283 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a 3-year follow-up of previously treated patients to assess and compare the periodontal responses and clinical performance of proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-five adults participated in the study, with a combined total of 120 compound Class II cavities. These cavities had gingival margins located below the CEJ. Four different restorative materials were used to elevate the dentin/cementum gingival margins of the cavities: resin-modified glass ionomer, glass hybrid, flowable bulk-fill composite, or ion-releasing material, which were then completed with the same overlaying composite. Different periodontal and clinical evaluations, based on the criteria set by the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria, were performed at different time intervals, including baseline, 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. RESULTS The type of base material did not affect the periodontal evaluations. There were no statistically significant differences between different time intervals or base material groups in any of the evaluated FDI parameters. However, the ion-releasing material scored significantly worse in the radiographic evaluation than any of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS All tested materials are suitable for proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations, as long as the restoration/tooth margin is at least 2-mm away from the bone crest. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians can confidently choose any of the tested materials for proximal subgingival open sandwich restorations, as they have shown good outcomes from both periodontal and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabab El Mehesen
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Professor, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Adjunct Faculty, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salah H Mahmoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Çağırır Dindaroğlu F, Yılmaz E. Two-year evaluation of a nano-hybrid and a bulk-fill resin composite: a randomized, double-blind split-mouth clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:208. [PMID: 38467942 PMCID: PMC10927878 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of a bulk-fill composite resin and a nano-hybrid-filled composite resin in 6-12-year-old children in a split-mouth design. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, split-mouth, and double-blind study was conducted on 89 patients aged 6-12 years with caries on bilateral mandibular first molars. In a split-mouth design, restorations of mandibular permanent molars were completed with nano-hybrid organically modified ceramic (ORMOCER)-based bulk-fill composite resin Admira Fusion x-tra (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and nano-hybrid composite Grandio (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany). Futurabond U single dose (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used with selective enamel etching. The clinical success of the restorations was evaluated using USPHS and FDI criteria at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up controls. RESULTS In the 2-year follow-up, all restorations were clinically acceptable. Grandio was significantly worse than Admira Fusion x-tra in terms of surface luster and superficial change (p < 0.05). Surface staining and color match scores increased in Admira Fusion x-tra compared with Grandio significantly (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although both materials showed acceptable clinical performance over 2 years, a significant difference was observed between the surface luster, surface staining, marginal adaptation, and staining of the nano-hybrid composite placed with the incremental technique and the bulk-fill ORMOCER-based composite resin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As an alternative to nano-hybrid composite resins, using bulk-fill restorative materials, which can be indicated in the proper case, may contribute to shortening treatment procedures and increasing patient and physician comfort, leading to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Çağırır Dindaroğlu
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Ece Yılmaz
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey
- Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Kaya N, Sasany R, Yanıkoglu N, Tosun B. Investigation of color and physicomechanical properties of peek and pekk after storage in a different medium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5357. [PMID: 38438417 PMCID: PMC10912655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess color stability, solubility, and water sorption on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) after immersion in different storage conditions. Material and Methods Ninety disc-shaped specimens (8 × 2) were obtained from CAD/CAM blocks [PEEK (n = 45) and PEKK (n = 45)]. Before immersion, baseline color value data were recorded with a spectrophotometer. The specimens were soaked in three solutions red wine, coffee, and distilled water at 37 °C for 28 days. Following immersion, color values were remeasured, and color-change values (ΔE) were calculated. Water sorption and solubility were assessed by mass gain or loss after storage in water for 28 days. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis (P = 0.05). Results ΔE00 between PEEK and PEKK was significantly different statistically (P < 0.001). PEEK presented higher water sorption than PEKK (P = 0.005). The difference in solubility between PEEK and PEKK was not statistically significant (P = 0.163). The materials and storage medium types had a statistically significant impact (P = 0.100). In terms of staining potential, the solutions tested in this experiment were ranked as: coffee > red wine > distilled water. The results of this study demonstrated that PEKK was more successful in polymer-containing CAD/CAM materials as it exhibited less color change and water absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Kaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Rafat Sasany
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Biruni, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuran Yanıkoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Busra Tosun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Abant İzzet Baysal, Bolu, Turkey
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13
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Ismail HS, Ali AI. Effect of different restorative systems and aging on marginal adaptation of resin composites to deep proximal margins. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:346-355. [PMID: 37515523 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the marginal integrity of different restorative systems bonded to proximal gingival dentin, and determine the consistency level of the results obtained by two in vitro methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty molars received occluso-mesial preparations with dentin/cementum gingival margins. They were divided into three groups and restored using different restorative systems with light-cured (Adhese Universal), self-cured (Palfique universal bond), and dual-cured (Futurabond U) adhesives. The restoration/gingival dentin interfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated based on the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. After 10,000 thermal cycles, the marginal integrity was re-evaluated. Marginal integrity was evaluated by the percentage of continuous margin (% CM) at ×200 for SEM and as the frequency of each score within the FDI ranking. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the restorative systems immediately, however, the system with the light-cured adhesive had the lowest marginal integrity after aging. All tested restorative systems were adversely affected by aging. A moderate inverse correlation was identified between evaluation techniques. CONCLUSION The tested restorative systems utilizing self-cured and dual-cured adhesives may be preferable for achieving optimal marginal integrity when bonding to deep proximal margins, compared to the tested system with light-cured adhesive. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When performing deep margin elevation, it is important to consider the adhesive system being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Silva C, Novaes R, Santos A, Filho E, Nascimento A, Assis P, Braz R. Evaluation of interfacial adaptation of different resin filling techniques for class I and II restorations by micro-CT and OCT analysis: A systematic review of in vitro studies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106121. [PMID: 37717288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Novaes
- Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Santos
- Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Assis
- Estácio de Sá University, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodivan Braz
- Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dietschi D, Askari M, Rossier I, Caseiro L, Krejci I, Leprince JG, Di Bella E, Ardu S. Marginal Adaptation of In Vitro Class II Restorations Made Out of Bulk or Conventional Composite Using Single- or Multi-Layered Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6325. [PMID: 37763602 PMCID: PMC10533156 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Testing the influence of various restorative materials (conventional or bulkfill composites) and filling techniques (single- or multi-layered techniques) on the in vitro marginal adaptation of large class II direct composites with supra and sub-gingival margins subjected to thermomechanical loading (TML). Methods: A total of 40 prepared teeth were attributed randomly to five experimental groups. In Group 1, restorations were made of multi-layered high-viscosity conventional composite (Tetric EvoCeram); in Groups 2 and 3, restorations were made of a high viscosity bulkfill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) applied in one (Group 2) or three layers (Group 3); in Groups 4 and 5, restorations were made of a flowable bulkfill composite (SDR flow) applied in one (Group 4) or two layers (Group 5), covered with a layer of high-viscosity conventional composite (Ceram-X Universal). A single adhesive (OptiBond FL) was used in all groups. All specimens were submitted to a staged TML comprising three phases (2 × 500,000 and 1,000,000 cycles) at 50 N with 3350 thermal cycles (5 to 55 °C) every 500,000 cycles. The tooth-restoration interfaces on proximal surfaces were evaluated quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy, before and after each TML phase, hence at three timepoints (T0, T1, T2 and T3). The following segments were considered for evaluation: proximal, vertical enamel margins (assessed individually on both restoration sides), cervical enamel (restoration side above CEJ) and cervical dentin margin (restoration side below the CEJ). Results: TML induced a significant reduction in continuous adaptation at both enamel and dentin margins in all groups, with percentages of continuous margins ranging from 75.2 to 91.8% at T0, and decreasing to values ranging from 21.3 to 73.9% at T3. Both composite systems and layering protocols had a significant influence on marginal adaptation of the restorations, with statistical associations depending on the restoration group and the timepoint considered. Defective margins in enamel were all of a cohesive nature with micro-fractures, while in dentin, interfacial gaps were the main defect observed. Conclusions/Clinical significance: The present results highlighted significant degradation of marginal adaption after long-term in vitro fatigue test using materials even with high-viscosity conventional resin composites, applied with a proper layering approach in medium-large sub-gingival cavities. While no significant differences were observed at the dentin cervical margins, there was a tendency for better adaptation at the enamel margin when using a higher modulus material with a multi-layered technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Dietschi
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Mustafa Askari
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Isaline Rossier
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Luciana Caseiro
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Ivo Krejci
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Julian Gregoire Leprince
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Enrico Di Bella
- Department of Political and International Studies, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ardu
- Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (D.D.); (M.A.); (I.R.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (J.G.L.)
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16
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Soto-Cadena SL, Zavala-Alonso NV, Cerda-Cristerna BI, Ortiz-Magdaleno M. Effect of short fiber-reinforced composite combined with polyethylene fibers on fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:598.e1-598.e10. [PMID: 37030918 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Whether direct coronal restorations of endodontically treated teeth with short fiber-reinforced composite combined with polyethylene fibers provide adequate mechanical strength is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strength of endodontically treated premolars with standardized mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) preparations restored with short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) combined with polyethylene Ribbond fibers (PRFs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 premolars were selected and distributed into 4 groups (n=10) as follows: group restored with SFRC (EverX Posterior), group restored with PRF (Ribbond fibers), and group restored with the combination PRF+SFRC, all followed by a conventional composite resin (IPS Empress Direct). MOD preparations and endodontic treatments were prepared except in the control group (intact teeth). MOD preparations and endodontic treatments were prepared except in the control group (intact teeth). Specimens were loaded using a universal testing machine until fracture occurred at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the failure type and fracture patterns was reported descriptively. The mean values of the groups were analyzed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test and 1-way ANOVA tests (α=.05). RESULTS Restoration with PRF+SFRC provided the highest mean ±standard deviation fracture resistance (288.2 ±73.5 N). Restoration with just PRF had the lowest values (192.4 ±25.4 N), which were statistically different from those of SFRC and PRF+SFRC (P<.05). The predominant mode of failure was mixed, and all fracture patterns were favorable. CONCLUSIONS Reinforcing endodontically treated premolars with MOD cavities with Ribbond fibers followed by a conventional composite resin enhanced fracture resistance and may be suitable for the direct coronal restoration of large posterior cavities in stress-bearing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Soto-Cadena
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Specialty in Aesthetic, Cosmetic, Restorative, and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Norma V Zavala-Alonso
- Professor, Department of Dental Science Advanced Education, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | | | - Marine Ortiz-Magdaleno
- Professor, Specialty in Aesthetic, Cosmetic, Restorative, and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
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Mosharrafian S, Farahmand N, Poorzandpoush K, Hosseinipour ZS, Kahforushan M. In vitro microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023. [PMID: 36988512 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the enamel and dentin margin microleakage of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro, experimental study, standard class II cavities were created in the proximal surfaces of 60 extracted primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and restored with SonicFill bulk-fill and Filtek Z250 conventional composite along with Single Bond 2 adhesive. The teeth were coated with two layers of nail varnish to 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the apices were sealed with wax. The teeth underwent 1500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. They were then immersed in 1 M silver nitrate in the dark, rinsed with water, immersed in developing solution for 12 h, and exposed to fluorescent light. Next, they were mesiodistally sectioned, and digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The dye penetration depth was measured by a blind observer, and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test (α = .05). RESULTS No significant difference existed in microleakage between the two composite groups at the enamel (p = .76) or dentin (p = .16) margins. In both composite groups, microleakage at the dentin margins was significantly greater than that at the enamel margins (p = .000). CONCLUSION Considering the absence of a significant difference in microleakage, SonicFill bulk-fill composite can be used as an alternative to Filtek Z250 conventional composite for restoration of primary molars to benefit from its advantages such as simpler and faster application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Mosharrafian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Farahmand
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kiana Poorzandpoush
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Sadat Hosseinipour
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Ponnala SL, Punithavathy R, Birapu UKC, Vasepalli M, Martha S, Raparla M. An In Vitro Staining Effect of Different Children's Health Drinks on Esthetic Restorative Materials. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:211-217. [PMID: 37519982 PMCID: PMC10373770 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the staining effect of different children's health drinks (Boost, Complan, and Pediasure) on esthetic restorative materials (giomer, nanohybrid composite, and ormocer). Materials and methods The specimens consist of giomer, nanohybrid composite, and ormocer. Before the discoloration process, 80 disks of each material were fabricated, each measuring 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. These disks were then measured for lightness*red/green*blue/yellow (L*a*b*) values. Around 10 samples from each subgroup were then submerged in each of the four staining solutions. Analysis of discoloration levels was done at baseline and 48 hours after immersion in the staining solution. Each specimen's staining effect was evaluated using a spectrophotometer.Each specimen's L*a*b* values were measured three times by placing it on the measurement head. The internal energy (ΔE) unit, which expresses resistance to the staining effect, was derived using each specimen's L*a*b* values. Results All the tested materials showed a color change. However, giomer showed greater ΔE values compared to nanohybrid composite and ormocer. Of all the immersion media used, Boost samples resulted in the highest color change, followed by Complan, Pediasure, and milk. Conclusion Out of the three restorative materials used in the study, ormocer showed more resistance to color change than nanohybrid composite and giomer with all the tested media. How to cite this article Ponnala SL, Punithavathy R, Birapu UKC, et al. An In Vitro Staining Effect of Different Children's Health Drinks on Esthetic Restorative Materials. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):211-217.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Lasya Ponnala
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rachuri Punithavathy
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uday Kumar Chowdary Birapu
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, SVS Institute of Dental Sciences, Appanapalli, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - Madhu Vasepalli
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Satyam Martha
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mythraiye Raparla
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Crack propensity of different direct restorative procedures in deep MOD cavities. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2003-2011. [PMID: 36814029 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to evaluate the crack formation associated with different direct restorative procedures of the utilized resin composites (RC) right after and 1 week later of the restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty intact, crack-free third molars with standard MOD cavities were included in this in vitro study and randomly divided into four groups of 20 each. After adhesive treatment, the cavities were restored either with bulk (group 1) or layered (group 2) short-fiber-reinforced resin composites (SFRC); bulk-fill RC (group 3); and layered conventional RC (control). Right after the polymerization and a week later, crack evaluation on the outer surface of the remaining cavity walls was performed with a transillumination method utilizing the D-Light Pro (GC Europe) with the "detection mode." Between- and within-groups comparisons Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used, respectively. RESULTS Post-polymerization crack evaluation showed significantly lower crack formation in SFRC groups compared to the control (p<0.001). There was no significant difference within SFRC groups and non-SFRC groups (p=1.00 and p=0.11, respectively). Within group comparison revealed significantly higher number of cracks in all groups after 1 week (p≤0.001), however, only the control group differed significantly from all the other groups (p≤0.003). CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization shrinkage induced further crack formation in the tooth 1 week after the restoration. SFRC was less prone to shrinkage-related crack formation during the restorative procedure; however, after 1 week, besides SFRC, bulk-fill RC also showed less prone to polymerization shrinkage-related crack formation than layered composite fillings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE SRFC can decrease the shrinkage stress-induced crack formation in MOD cavities.
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Ismail HS, Azees PAA, Wang H, Ali AI, Mehesen RE, Mahmoud SH, Chen XD, Yeh CK, Garcia-Godoy F. Periodontopathic bacterial adhesion to different restorative materials used to elevate proximal subgingival margins. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12909. [PMID: 36526586 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the periodontopathic bacterial adhesion to four restorative materials used for deep margin elevation at 2, 24, and 48-h after incubation. Discs were produced from four restorative materials: resin modified glass ionomer, glass hybrid, flowable bulk fill resin composite, and bioactive ionic resin. Root dentin was used as control. Specimens were coated with saliva and used to culture a biofilm comprised of three strains of periodontopathic bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Bacterial adherence was assessed by colony count assay, crystal violet staining, and visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. The adhesion values for the control specimens were significantly higher than for other materials, while those for the flowable bulk fill were significantly lower than for any other material within all evaluation assays. The 2-h incubation period showed the lowest adhesion values regardless of the group. The 48-h adhesion values were higher than the 24-h results in all groups except the flowable bulk fill. Microscopic imaging partially supported the findings of the measurements. In terms of periodontopathic bacterial adhesion, the tested flowable bulk fill may be preferable for subgingival use over other tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Parveez Ahamed Abdul Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabab El Mehesen
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salah H Mahmoud
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, New-Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Audie L. Murphy Division South Texas Veterans Health care system, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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The influence of different placement techniques on the clinical success of bulk-fill resin composites placed in Class II cavities: a 4-year randomized controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:541-557. [PMID: 36222961 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this double-blind and split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical success of the placement technique (bulk-filling and incremental techniques) of a bulk-fill resin composite in Class II carious lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different bulk-fill resin composites, X-tra fil (Voco) and Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE), were used in the bulk-filling and incremental techniques for 20 patients. The study was carried out in 4 groups, with 20 restorations in each group. Restorations were appraised at baseline, 6-month, 2-year, and 4-year recall. World Dental Federation (FDI) and the US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used in the evaluations. The Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS At the end of year 4, there was no loss of restoration in any group. According to the USPHS and FDI criteria, there was a difference in the baseline and 4-year in marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration of the restorations (P < 0.05). When Filtek-Bulk was placed as an incremental technique, there was a minor fracture in four restorations (P > 0.05). In addition, Filtek-Bulk showed a color change according to the results based on both the USPHS and FDI criteria (P < 0.05). The difference between the two placement techniques of each resin composite was not significant at the year 4 recall when all criteria were evaluated (P ˃ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 4-year clinical success of the evaluated bulk-fill composites is not dependent on the placement technique used. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study can help clinicians choose which technique (bulk fill and incremental techniques) bulk-fill composites can be used. TRIAL REGISTRATION US National Library of Medicine, www. CLINICALTRIALS gov , ID: NCT04565860 Registered on 10/09/2020. Clinical Evaluation of Bulk-fill resin Composites in Class II Restorations.
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22
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Abdulrab S, Geerts G, Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Alhadainy H, Ba-Hattab R. The influence of horizontal glass fiber posts on fracture strength and fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 36705005 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evidence regarding the effect of horizontal glass fiber posts (HGFPs) on fracture strength and fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) compared to controls without HGFP. The review protocol was registered on the OSF registries. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and ProQuest for all relevant studies published up to February 2022. All in vitro studies that assessed the influence of HGFPs on fracture strength and fracture pattern of ETT whether mesio-occluso-distal or mesio-occlusal or DO cavities were considered eligible. Review Manager (RevMan) was used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup and funnel plot analyses were also performed. Quality assessment was conducted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 10 studies underwent quantitative evaluation. The pooled effect showed that fracture resistance of molar teeth restored with HGFP was significantly higher than teeth without HGFP (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14, 3.09, p = 0.03), whereas marginally significant for premolars (SMD: 1.36, 95% CI: -0.00, 2.73, p = 0.05). Regarding fracture patterns, the presence of an HGFP significantly increased the occurrence of restorable fracture patterns for premolars (odds ratios [OR]: 4.15, 95% CI: 1.60, 10.82, p = 0.004) compared to controls, whereas the difference was not significant for molars (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.43, 2.77, p = 0.85). Moderate risk of bias was identified in 9/12 studies; one study showed a high risk of bias and two studies showed a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, there is evidence from in vitro studies that the use of HGFP increases the fracture resistance of the ETT when compared to teeth without HGFP and also reduces the occurrence of non-restorable fractures for premolars. However, well-conducted in vitro and prospective clinical studies are warranted to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Abdulrab
- Al Khor Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Greta Geerts
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri
- Department of Pre-Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hatem Alhadainy
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raidan Ba-Hattab
- Department of Pre-Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Schoilew K, Fazeli S, Felten A, Sekundo C, Wolff D, Frese C. Clinical evaluation of bulk-fill and universal nanocomposites in class II cavities: Five-year results of a randomized clinical split-mouth trial. J Dent 2023; 128:104362. [PMID: 36410582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Evaluating the clinical survival and quality parameters of class-II restorations using 3M™ FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative compared to 3M™ FiltekTM Supreme XTE Universal Restorative over a period of five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A longitudinal, randomized, prospective split-mouth study with 60 patients (29 female, 31 male; mean age 44 y; range 20-77 y) and a total of 120 load-bearing class II restorations (TEST: n=60 Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; CONTROL: n=60 Filtek Supreme XTE Universal Restorative) was conducted. Clinical evaluation was performed by blinded evaluators according to FDI criteria. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and an intergroup comparison (Mann-Whitney-U-Test) was carried out. A basic significance level of 0.05 was corrected by the Bonferroni method to account for multiple testing (significance after correction: p<0.00067). RESULTS The mean overall survival of restorations was 92% after 56.98±1.51 months in the TEST group (95 CI= 54.02;59.94) and 92% after 57.25±1.46 months (95 CI= 54.39; 60.12) in the CONTROL group (log-rank p=0.995). In total, four failures occurred in both TEST and CONTROL group during the observation period (mean annual failure rate: 1.6%). The most common reasons for failure were chipping-fractures, debonding, cracked-tooth-syndrome and recurrent decay. With regard to the FDI criteria, no significant differences between TEST and CONTROL material occurred for any of the evaluated variables. In the TEST group two restorations had to be repaired and two had to be replaced, in the CONTROL group four restorations had to be replaced. CONCLUSION Both materials showed acceptable clinical performance and survival during the 5-year observation period. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a nanofilled bulk-fill composite proved to be an aesthetically, functionally and biologically satisfactory alternative in posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrill Schoilew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shila Fazeli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Felten
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Sekundo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Frese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Niem T, Frankenberger R, Amend S, Wöstmann B, Krämer N. Damping Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Restorative Materials for Primary Teeth. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7698. [PMID: 36363290 PMCID: PMC9656603 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The energy dissipation capacity and damping ability of restorative materials used to restore deciduous teeth were assessed compared to common mechanical properties. Mechanical properties (flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of toughness) for Compoglass F, Dyract eXtra, SDR flow, Tetric Evo Ceram, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, and Venus Diamond were determined using a 4-point bending test. Vickers hardness and Martens hardness, together with its plastic index (ηITdis), were recorded using instrumented indentation testing. Leeb hardness (HLD) and its deduced energy dissipation data (HLDdis) were likewise determined. The reliability of materials was assessed using Weibull analysis. For common mechanical properties, Venus Diamond always exhibited the significantly highest results and SDR flow the lowest, except for flexural strength. Independently determined damping parameters (modulus of toughness, HLDdis, ηITdis) invariably disclosed the highest values for SDR flow. Composite materials, including SDR flow, showed markedly higher reliabilities (Weibull modulus) than Compoglass F and Dyract eXtra. SDR flow showed pronounced energy dissipation and damping characteristics, making it the most promising material for a biomimetic restoration of viscoelastic dentin structures in deciduous teeth. Future developments in composite technology should implement improved resin structures that facilitate damping effects in artificial restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niem
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Center for Dentistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Center for Dentistry, University of Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg Voigt Strasse 3, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Amend
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical Centre for Dentistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wöstmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Center for Dentistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Krämer
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical Centre for Dentistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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25
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Berto-Inga J, Santander-Rengifo F, Ladera-Castañeda M, López-Gurreonero C, Castro Pérez-Vargas A, Cornejo-Pinto A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Surface Microhardness of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Handled With Gloves. Int Dent J 2022:S0020-6539(22)00231-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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26
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Kwaśny M, Polkowski J, Bombalska A. A Study on the Photopolymerization Kinetics of Selected Dental Resins Using Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5850. [PMID: 36079232 PMCID: PMC9457181 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was a comparative analysis of the polymerization kinetics of dental resin-based composites currently used in dentistry in different environmental conditions (irradiance, activation time, layer thickness). The photopolymerization kinetics of eleven dental resins were investigated using a Woodpecker LED source. The DC was measured by FTIR in transmission mode and attenuated total reflection (ATR) from 5 s to 7 days. In the transmission mode, the spectra from parallel optical layers (about 0.2 mm thick) of samples placed between the KBr crystals were recorded. In the reflection mode, an ATR attachment with a diamond window was used. The DC calculation method was applied based on the application of a monomer absorption band at 1638 cm-1 (stretching vibration double bond C=C of the vinyl group) without using a reference band. The data were analyzed by performing an ANOVA test comparison between sample groups at the significance level α = 0.05. For all tested materials, the polymerization kinetics consist of three stages. The fastest stage occurs during the irradiation, and the achieved DC value is 70-75% of the maximum value 5 s after the irradiation. Another 15-20% DC increase at a moderate speed takes about 15-20 min. There is also a very slow further increase in DC of 5-10% within 5 days after irradiation. For 8 out of the 11 tested fillings, the optimal photopolymerization conditions are as follows: a power density of 400 or 1000 mW/cm2; an exposure time of 10 s; and a thickness of the irradiated resin layer of up to 2 mm. The influence of various conditions and factors on the reaction kinetics is dominant only in the early, rapid phase of the conversion. After longer times, the DC values gradually level out under different light conditions. The DC of the dental resins are dependent on the irradiance, light source, filler type, time after irradiance, and monomer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Kwaśny
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2 Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Polkowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2 Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Bombalska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2 Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Mollaoğlu EY, Kaptan A. Evaluation of Temperature Changes in the Pulp Chamber During Bulk-Fill Composite Polymerization: An In-Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the temperature changes occurring in the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill resin materials cured with different light sources by using a pulpal microcirculation simulation device in vitro. Materials and Methods: Class I cavities of width 2 × 3 mm were prepared on 120 permanent noncarious teeth. All samples were adjusted to maintain 2 mm dentin thickness within the pulp chamber and the cavity base. Venus Bulk Fill, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, and Filtek Z250 were used as restorative materials. Materials were polymerized with Valo Light Emitting Diode (LED), Elipar S10, and Elipar Deepcure-S devices. A j-type thermocouple with microcirculation assemblies was used for measuring the temperature increments inside the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill composite resins. The obtained data were recorded. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the light sources and the temperature changes occurring during the polymerization ( P <.05). The difference in temperature increases was found to be significant ( P <.05) between restorative materials. The highest temperature rise values were obtained from Venus Bulk Fill. Conclusion: All light devices used in the study caused an increase in temperature in the pulp chamber in all groups. For all resin materials used, it was observed that the temperature values arising during the polymerization via used light sources did not exceed 5.5°C, which is the critical value for pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yıldız Mollaoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Alper Kaptan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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28
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Garrofé AB, Picca M, Kaplan AE. Determination of microhardness of bulk-fill resins at different depths. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2022; 35:10-15. [PMID: 35700536 DOI: 10.54589/aol.35/1/10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine Vickers microhardness (HV) in bulk fill resins at different depths. Test specimens were prepared with different bulk fill resins: Filtek Bulk-Fill (3M ESPE) [FBF], Surefill SDR flow (Dentsply) [SDR], Fill-UP (COLTENE) [FU] and Surefill (Dentsply) [SF]. Semi-cylindrical test specimens were prepared in a mold 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm thick (n=5). A 1000 mW/cm2 light curing unit was applied (Coltolux LED - Coltene) for 20 seconds. HV was determined with three indentations (Vickers Future Tech FM300, 300 g, 8 s) at four depths: 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm from the top surface to the interior. Data were recorded immediately (t0) and 24 hours later (t24). Results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA (p<0.05), and multiple comparisons were performed using Tukey's test. Mean and SD of HV at t0 for each mm were: [FBF] t0: 49.23(4.65) / 48.32(3.36) / 44.38(2.06) / 40.59(2.58); [FBF] t24: 61.37(3.47) / 62.63(3.03) / 57.27(5.22) / 56.37(5.88);[SDR]t0:27.81(3.13) / 28.07(2.4) / 27.24(2.94) / 25.71(3.0); [SDR] t24: 35.11(2.16) / 35.17(1.96) / 35.53(1.81) / 33.18(2.08); [FU] t0: 41.43(1.41) / 39.87(0.88) / 38.11(1.81) / 39.09(1.92); [FU] t24: 49.27(1.54) / 48.77(1.77) / 48.65(1.88) / 46.76(4.93); [SF] t0: 71.35(7.09) / 67.39(9.76) / 68.95(6.21) / 64.1(8.35); [SF] t24: 76.06(6.61) / 75.31(9.37) / 75.2(11.57) / 69.81(12.14). ANOVA showed significant effect of material, depth and recording time (p<0.05), and Tukey's test showed that recording sites (depths) differed significantly, giving four homogeneous groups. Under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that microhardness of bulk-fill resins can be affected by depth and post-curing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analía B Garrofé
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Picca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Kaplan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ismail HS, Ali AI, Garcia-Godoy F. Influence of Manual and Ultrasonic Scaling on Surface Roughness of Four Different Base Materials Used to Elevate Proximal Dentin-Cementum Gingival Margins: An In Vitro Study. Oper Dent 2022; 47:E106-E118. [PMID: 35405002 DOI: 10.2341/20-007-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the effects of both manual and ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different base materials, used for elevating dentin/cementum gingival margins of proximal cavities. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eighty human upper molars with compound Class II mesial cavities, with gingival margins 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), were divided into four different groups according to the type of the base material used; resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), glass hybrid (HV-GIC), flowable bulk-fill resin composite (Bulk Flow) and bioactive ionic resin (Activa). This was followed by completing the restorations with the same resin composite. All materials were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. All groups were further subdivided into two subgroups according to the scaling technique: manual (hand) or ultrasonic. All restorative and scaling procedures were performed after fixation of specimens with acrylic beside neighboring teeth to simulate natural contact. The mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) of all specimens was measured quantitatively and qualitatively by a three-dimensional (3D) surface analyzer system at two stages; (1) after thermal cycling for 5000 cycles without scaling and (2) after scaling. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post hoc tests, and paired sample t-tests (at α=0.05). RESULTS For baseline readings, the Bulk Flow group had the lowest Ra values, while HV-GIC group had the highest. RMGI and Activa groups had no statistical significant difference between their Ra values (p>0.05). For post scaling readings, hand scaling had significantly lower Ra values than ultrasonic scaling in all the material groups (p<0.05), except in the Bulk Flow group, where both scaling methods were not significantly different from each other (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Bulk Flow had the smoothest surfaces when cured against a matrix band compared with the other tested base materials. When hand and ultrasonic scaling methods were compared, the latter technique had more detrimental effect on the surface texture of the four tested base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ismail
- *Hoda Ismail, assistant lecturer, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A I Ali
- Ashraf Ibrahim Ali, associate professor, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura Egypt
| | - F Garcia-Godoy
- Franklin Garcia-Godoy, professor, Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; adjunct professor, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Charamba CDF, Silva LDB, Lima RBW, Duarte RM, Andrade AKM. Bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8665454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluating the resin-dentin bond strength of Class II conventional and bulk-fill composite restorations, using different cavity sizes before and after aging. Methods: Seventy-five human molars were distributed into groups according to the buccolingual width of the cavities, conservative (n=25) and extended (n=50). They were divided according to the restorative material: conventional (Z100/control group) or bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill/FBF; Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill/TNCBF; Filtek Bulk Fill Flow/FBFF; Surefill SDR flow/SDR). The restored teeth were sectioned on sticks (n=50 per restorative materials + width cavities group), half were stored in Water/Ethanol 75% for 30 days and the other half were submitted to the immediate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test. Data were analyzed applying the Three-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni test, test t, and Weibull analyses (p<0.05). Results: SDR and FBF presented lower μTBS values for extended preparation when compared to the conservative preparation, before aging. After aging, only for the FBFF, a decrease in the μTBS values was observed. Comparing the μTBS values, before and after aging, the SDR demonstrated lower μTBS values after aging when the conservative cavity was used. A decrease in the μTBS values was observed for the Z100, the FBF and, the FBFF, after aging, when the extended cavity was used. Conclusion: The effect of cavity preparation and aging on the resin-dentin of Class II is material dependent. Most of the bulk-fill resin composites evaluated presented a similar performance to the conventional resin composites for all the conditions of this study.
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Ismail HS, Ali AI, Garcia-Godoy F. In vitro biocompatibility testing of different base materials used for elevation of proximal subgingival margins using human gingival epithelial cells. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:118-123. [PMID: 35173097 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the biological effects of four base materials used for elevation of proximal subgingival margins on gingival epithelial cells. METHODS Twenty-eight specimens for each of the four base materials (total 112 specimens) were used: resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), glass hybrid (HV-GIC), flowable bulk fill resin composite (Bulk Flow) and bioactive ionic resin (Activa). Proximal enamel and root dentin were used as controls. Gingival epithelial cell viability was calculated after direct incubation on all four types of material for either 24 h or 72 h using both the methyl tetrazolium and trypan blue dye exclusion assays. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test and independent sample t-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Cell viability values in both assays showed significant differences among the study groups. Bulk Flow showed the highest values, followed in order by Activa and the control groups. Both HV-GIC and RMGI had the lowest values. Cell viability in all of the study groups was higher after incubation for 72 h than after 24 h. CONCLUSION In terms of biocompatibility with epithelial tissues, bulk fill resin composite appears to be most suitable, followed by bioactive composite, for subgingival placement than glass ionomer-based materials, especially that containing 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S Ismail
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center.,The Forsyth Institute
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Effect of Light Curing Distance on Microhardness Profiles of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030528. [PMID: 35160517 PMCID: PMC8839654 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk-fill (BF) dental resin composites are made to be polymerized in increments of up to 5 mm rather than the 2 mm increment recommended for conventional composites. This project aimed to determine microhardness (MH) profiles of BF resin composites at different depths and varying light cure (LC) distances from the light source in an attempt to mimic varying clinical situations. Forty-eight cylindrical specimens (4 mm diameter and 6 mm height) were prepared from 3 BF composites: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF), Filtek One Bulk-Fill (FBF), and Sonic-Fill 2 (SF2). Four different distances (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) from the LC unit were investigated. Vickers MH was measured at the top and bottom of the samples and at every 1 mm, by creating 3 indentations at each depth. The bottom-top microhardness ratio (MHR) and percentage reduction in MHR were also measured. Data was analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measure ANOVA at 0.05 significance level. The main variables effects “material, LC distance, and depth” were significant (p < 0.001). Increasing LC distance and the depth of the tested BF significantly affected Vickers MH and MHR. None of the tested BF materials had sufficient MHR at the depths of 4–6 mm. SF2 showed the least MHR reduction.
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Marovic D, Par M, Macan M, Klarić N, Plazonić I, Tarle Z. Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030902. [PMID: 35160848 PMCID: PMC8839328 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the behavior of a new generation of bulk-fill resin composites after prolonged exposure to an aqueous environment and accelerated aging in ethanol. Six bulk-fill materials were tested (Tetric PowerFill, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Fill-Up!, Tetric PowerFlow, SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable) and compared to two conventional reference materials (Tetric EvoCeram and Tetric EvoFlow). Flexural strength, modulus, and Weibull parameters were examined at three time points: 1 day, 30 days, and 30 days followed by ethanol immersion. Degree of conversion after 30 days, water sorption, and solubility up to 90 days were also investigated. Filtek One Bulk Fill had the highest flexural strength and modulus among the tested materials, followed by Tetric PowerFill and SDR plus. Flexural strength and modulus of high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed higher stability after accelerated aging in ethanol compared to their low-viscosity counterparts and reference materials. After 30 days, the degree of conversion was above 80% for all tested materials. Dual-cure material Fill-Up! was the best-cured material. The water sorption was highest for Fill-Up!, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, and Tetric EvoFlow, while solubility was highest for Tetric EvoCeram. After aging in water and ethanol, new generation high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed better mechanical properties than low-viscosity bulk-fill and conventional composites under extended light curing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-1489-9203 (M.P.)
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-1489-9203 (M.P.)
| | - Matea Macan
- Private Dental Practice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | | | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
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Ugurlu M, Sari F. A 3-year retrospective study of clinical durability of bulk-filled resin composite restorations. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e5. [PMID: 35284329 PMCID: PMC8891466 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhittin Ugurlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Sari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Lima VP, Machado JB, Zhang Y, Loomans BAC, Moraes RR. Laboratory methods to simulate the mechanical degradation of resin composite restorations. Dent Mater 2022; 38:214-229. [PMID: 34949477 PMCID: PMC9903973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reviewed the literature to identify in vitro approaches that have been used to simulate the mechanical degradation and fatigue of resin composite restorations. METHODS A search for articles was carried out in 4 databases and included studies in which composite restorations were bonded to teeth and subject to cyclic loading. Articles were assessed for eligibility, and the following items were the extracted from the included studies: authors, country, year, materials tested, simulation device and details including load magnitude and frequency, number of cycles, type of antagonist, test medium, and temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS The 49 studies included showed a high level of heterogeneity in methods, devices, and test parameters. Nineteen different simulation devices were used, applying loads varying between 30 and 2900 N, and frequencies varying between 0.4 and 12 Hz. The load and frequency used most often were ~ 50 N (63.3%) and 1.5-1.7 Hz (32.7%). The number of cycles varied between 10 K and 2.4 M, 1.2 M was the most prevalent (40.8%). The majority of studies combined cyclic loading with at least one additional aging method: static liquid storage, thermo-mechanical cycling applied simultaneously, and thermal cycling as a discrete aging step were the three most frequent methods. The overall evidence indicated reporting problems, and suggested a lack of clinical validation of the research methods used. SIGNIFICANCE Validation studies, underlying clinical supporting data, and better reporting practices are needed for further improving research on the topic. Specific suggestions for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica P Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bas A C Loomans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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LEE CH, LEE IB. Effect of radiant emittance of an LED curing light on the cuspal deflection of a simulated tooth cavity in bulk-fill composite restoration: A novel simulation method. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:923-929. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ha LEE
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - In-Bog LEE
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Kantovitz KR, Cabral LL, Carlos NR, de Freitas AZ, Peruzzo DC, Franca F, do Amaral F, Basting RT, Puppin-Rontani RM. Impact of Resin Composite Viscosity and Fill-technique on Internal Gap in Class I Restorations: An OCT Evaluation. Oper Dent 2021; 46:537-546. [PMID: 34929042 DOI: 10.2341/20-144b-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively evaluate the internal gap of resin composites of high-and low-viscosity used in single- and incremental-fill techniques in Class I cavities exposed to thermal cycling (TC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Cavities of 4-mm depth and 3-mm diameter were prepared in 36 third molars randomly distributed into four groups, according to viscosity of restorative resin-based composite (high or low viscosity, all from 3M Oral Care) and technique application (bulk or incremental fill) used (n=9): RC, high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative); BF, high-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek One Bulk Fill); LRC, low-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flowable Universal Restorative); and LBF, low-viscosity, bulk-fill, resin-based composite (Filtek Flowable Restorative). Single Bond Universal Adhesive system (3M Oral Care) was used in all the experimental groups. The incremental-fill technique was used for RC and LRC groups (2-mm increments), and a single-layer technique was used for BF and LBF groups, as recommended by the manufacturer. The internal adaptation of the resin at all dentin walls was evaluated before and after TC (5000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) using OCT images. Five images of each restored tooth were obtained. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software that measured the entire length of the gaps at the dentin-restoration interface. The length of gaps (μm) was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α=0.05). There was a significant interaction between material types and TC (p=0.006), and a significant difference among all material types (p<0.0001), before and after TC (p<0.0001). Increased internal gaps at the dentin-restoration interface were noticed after TC for all groups. RC presented the lowest value of internal gap before and after TC, while LBF showed the highest values of internal gap after TC. In conclusion, TC negatively affected the integrity of internal gap, whereas high-viscosity, incremental-fill, resin-based composite presented better performance in terms of internal adaptation than low-viscosity, bulk-fill materials in Class I cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kantovitz
- *Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil. State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L L Cabral
- Lais Lemos Cabral, DDS, MS, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil. University Center Tiradentes (UNIT), Restorative Dentistry Area, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - N R Carlos
- Natalia Russo Carlos, DDS, MS, PhD student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Dental Material Area Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A Z de Freitas
- Anderson Zanardi de Freitas, PhD, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Department of Center of Lasers and Applications, Sáo Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Peruzzo
- Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Periodontics Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fmg Franca
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flb do Amaral
- Flavia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MS, PhD, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Restorative Dentistry Area, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Puppin-Rontani
- Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani, DDS, MS, PhD, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Putignano A, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Vitiello F, Gatto ML, Furlani M, Giuliani A, Orsini G. Comparison of three different bulk-filling techniques for restoring class II cavities: μCT, SEM-EDS combined analyses for margins and internal fit assessments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104812. [PMID: 34500356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the behavior of three different bulk-filling techniques in terms of internal adaptation and external marginal sealing for restoring class II cavities. METHODS Fifteen extracted sound molar teeth were used. Two standardized class II mesio/disto-occlusal (MO/DO) slot cavities, 4 mm long, 4 mm wide and 3 mm deep were prepared in each tooth, obtaining n=30 cavity preparations. The cavities were randomly assigned into three groups (n=10 per group) according to three bulk filling techniques: Bulk Traditional (BT), Bulk&Go (BG) and Bulk&Flow (BF). The teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the external marginal seal. Thereafter, the chemical composition of tooth-restoration interface was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Complementary information to the SEM and EDS were obtained by micro-computed tomography (μCT) to assess the internal fit. RESULTS SEM analysis showed a proper external marginal seal for all groups tested as confirmed by the EDS investigation, highlighting the presence of adhesive layer at the tooth-restoration interface. The internal marginal adaptation by means of μCT analysis revealed gaps formation at the tooth-restoration interface only for BT group, while an intimate contact free of gaps were found in the other two groups. Moreover, in BT and BF groups voids were present within the restoration. SIGNIFICANCE BG and BF techniques can be considered as reliable alternatives to BT technique, as they simplify the class II restoration without transforming it into class I, thus ensuring a successful result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Toronto 10/a, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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Ritthiti A, Sattabanasuk V, Karunratanakul K, Senawongse P. Effect of Stress Generated by Occlusal Cyclic Force on Class I Bulk-Fill Composite Restoration Microleakage. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:307-314. [PMID: 34674197 PMCID: PMC9339919 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types and restorative techniques of Class I composite restorations with a single loading force on stress distribution and cyclic loading force on microleakage formation.
Materials and Methods
Class I cavities were prepared in premolars with 4 mm depth and divided into six groups of different restorations with: (1) Filtek Z250; (2) a 3-mm-thick layer of Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restoration and covered with Z250; (3) a 1.5-mm-thick layer of flowable composite and covered with Z250; (4) lining all cavity with flowable composite and restored with Z250; (5) Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restoration; and (6) lining all cavity with flowable composite and restored with bulk-fill composite. The specimens with and without cyclic occlusal loading were subjected to microleakage observation. In addition, six different models of Class I restorations corresponding to the microleakage study were generated. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to identify the stress distribution under a single loading force.
Statistical Analysis
Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparison. The significance level set at 0.05.
Results
Cavity lining or restoration with flowable composite underneath conventional composite reduced stress on composite resin based on FEA (groups 2 and 3). The cyclic stress on composite increased microleakage. Restoration with flowable composite underneath conventional composite reduced the microleakage in Class I restoration (groups 2, 3, and 4).
Conclusion
The most effective cavity lining with a flowable composite underneath conventional composite restoration was stress reduction under loading force resulting in microleakage reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Ritthiti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vanthana Sattabanasuk
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kawin Karunratanakul
- Biomedical Engineering Research Unit, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisol Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Grazioli G, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Nakanishi L, Francia A, de Moraes RR. Physicochemical characterization of two bulk fill composites at different depths. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e39. [PMID: 34513645 PMCID: PMC8411009 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study analyzed the physical-chemical behavior of 2 bulk fill resin composites (BFCs; Filtek Bulk Fill [FBF], and Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk Fill [TBF]) used in 2- and 4-mm increments and compared them with a conventional resin composite (Filtek Z250). Materials and Methods Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by using a 3-point bending test. Knoop hardness was measured at depth areas 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 mm. The translucency parameter was measured using an optical spectrophotometer. Real-time polymerization kinetics was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results Flexural strength was similar among the materials, while TBF showed lower elastic modulus (Z250: 6.6 ± 1.3, FBF: 6.4 ± 0.9, TBF: 4.3 ± 1.3). The hardness of Z250 was similar only between 0–1 mm and 1–2 mm. Both BFCs had similar hardness until 2–3 mm, and showed significant decreases at 3–4 mm (FBF: 33.45 ± 1.95 at 0–1 mm to 23.19 ± 4.32 at 3–4 mm, TBF: 23.17 ± 2.51 at 0–1 mm to 15.11 ± 1.94 at 3–4 mm). The BFCs showed higher translucency than Z250. The polymerization kinetics of all the materials were similar at 2-mm increments. At 4-mm, only TBF had a similar degree of conversion compared with 2 mm. Conclusions The BFCs tested had similar performance compared to the conventional composite when used in up to 2-mm increments. When the increment was thicker, the BFCs were properly polymerized only up to 3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Grazioli
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Laboratory of Dental Materials, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, México
| | - Leina Nakanishi
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Francia
- Department of General and Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Influence of Curing Time on the Microbiological Behavior of Bulk-Fill Nanohybrid Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172948. [PMID: 34502989 PMCID: PMC8434565 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of curing time on surface characteristics and microbiological behavior of three bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). Materials were light-cured for either 10 s or 80 s, then finished using a standard clinical procedure. They were characterized by surface morphology (SEM), surface elemental composition (EDS), surface roughness (SR), and surface free energy (SFE). Microbiological behavior was assessed as S. mutans adherence (2 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) using a continuous-flow bioreactor. Statistical analysis included a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Materials differed substantially as filler shape, dimension, elemental composition and resin matrix composition. Significant differences between materials were found for SR, SFE, and microbiological behavior. Such differences were less pronounced or disappeared after prolonged photocuring. The latter yielded significantly lower adherence and biofilm formation on all tested materials, similar to conventional RBCs. Improved photoinitiators and UDMA-based resin matrix composition may explain these results. No correlation between surface characteristics and microbiological behavior can explain the similar microbiological behavior of bulk-fill materials after prolonged photocuring. This different performance of bulk-fill materials compared with conventional RBCs, where surface characteristics, especially surface chemistry, influence microbiological behavior, may have important implications for secondary caries occurrence and restoration longevity.
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Evaluation of Efficiency of Polymerization, Surface Roughness, Porosity and Adaptation of Flowable and Sculptable Bulk Fill Composite Resins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175202. [PMID: 34500635 PMCID: PMC8434499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new category of commercial bulk fill composite resins (CRs) enables the placement of 4-mm-thick layers as an alternative to the traditional time-consuming incremental technique. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the polymerization, adaptation and porosity of two high-viscosity ‘sculptable’ bulk fill CRs (Filtek™ Bulk Fill (3M™ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schwan, Liechtenstein)) and two low-viscosity ‘flowable’ bulk fill CRs (SureFil® SDR™ flow (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) and Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein)). Cylindrical samples of the bulk fill CRs (4 mm height × 10 mm diameter) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, occlusal cavities were prepared in twelve extracted human molars and restored with the bulk fill CRs (n = 3 for each CR). The adaptation and porosity of the bulk fill CRs were evaluated by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) with a 3D morphometric analysis, and the adaptation was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on longitudinal vestibulo-oral sections of the restored teeth. The AFM analysis demonstrated that the surface roughness of the SureFil® SDR™ flow was higher than that of the Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill and that the surface roughness of Filtek™ Bulk Fill was higher than that of Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill. µCT and SEM confirmed that the flowable bulk fill CRs had excellent adaptation to the cavity walls. The 3D morphometric analysis showed the highest and lowest degrees of porosity in Filtek™ Bulk Fill and Tetric EvoFlow® Bulk Fill, respectively. In general, the flowable bulk fill CRs exhibited better adaptation, a higher efficiency of polymerization and lower porosity than the sculptable materials.
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Doni, Santosa P, Nugraheni T. Comparison of depth of cure sonic-activated bulk-fill composite, low viscosity, and high viscosity in different thickness. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:615-618. [PMID: 34083919 PMCID: PMC8095698 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_602_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The polymerization quality of composite resin can be measured by measuring the cure depth. Vickers hardness ratio is an indirect method of measuring the depth of cure of the composite resin. Aims This study aimed to compare the effect of composite resin type and material thickness on the depth of cure of sonically activated bulk-fill composite resin (SonicFill, Kerr), low viscosity (Surefill SDR bulk-fill, Dentsply), and high viscosity (Tetric N Ceram bulk fill, Ivoclar Vivadent). Settings and Design The research is experimental laboratory. Materials and Methods The research samples were 36 cylindrical composite resin blocks with a thickness of 2 mm and 4 mm, which were divided into six groups (n = 6) based on sonically activated bulk-fill composite resin, low viscosity, and high viscosity. All samples were put in an incubator for 24 h. The microhardness ratio was performed using a Vickers microhardness tester with a weight of 100 g for 15 s, which calculated by the formula: Vickers hardness number bottom/top. Statistical Analysis Used The two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Results The results of the two-way ANOVA test showed an effect of the type of composite resin on the depth of cure of the composite resin (P < 0.05); there was no effect of material thickness on the depth of cure of composite resin (P > 0.05). There was no interaction of composite resin type and material thickness to a resin composite depth (P > 0.05). Conclusions The depth of cure of sonic-activated and high-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin was greater than low-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pribadi Santosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tunjung Nugraheni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Dental Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Polymerization Efficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental Bulk-Fill Composites (BFCs) and Bulk-Fill Flowables (BFFs) were introduced in the market to facilitate efficient bulk filling of cavities up to 5 mm. The aim of this study was to synthesize the literature investigating their polymerization efficiency. A comprehensive search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library from 2010 to January 2019 was performed using the medical subject headings. Screening of the titles, abstracts and full text was performed. Data extraction for relevant information was done on the included studies. Clinically relevant parameters were selected to present the study estimates (meta-analysis) using a random effects model for polymerization efficiency (Degree of Conversion (DC) and Depth of Cure (DoC)). Twenty one studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis reporting seven BFCs and nine BFFs. Ten materials reported acceptable DC values of above 55% and ten materials reported adequate DoC values. Most of the stated materials reported adequate DC and DoC values in at least one investigation with BFFs showing higher and more acceptable values compared to packable BFCs. It is suggested that future studies be carried out using a standard methodology following the ISO 4049 standard and manufacturer’s instructions to compare results.
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Blum IR, Martos R, Szalóki M, Lynch CD, Hegedűs C. Effects of different surface treatments and adhesive self-etch functional monomers on the repair of bulk fill composites: A randomised controlled study. J Dent 2021; 108:103637. [PMID: 33766513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different adhesive protocols on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and integrity of the repaired bulk fill composite interface. METHODS Two hundred and seventy composite blocks made of bulk fill composites of different viscosity were randomly assigned to 18 surface conditioning groups (n = 15/group). The universal adhesive systems used were Heliobond™, Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™. A nanohybrid resin composite was applied as the repair material. Negative and positive control groups were included. Stick shape specimens of each group were subjected to μTBS testing. Representative samples from all test groups were subjected to microscopic, profilometric and SEM examination to determine their mode of failure. The data were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA test, Tukey's test and the independent t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean μTBS of all test groups ranged between 28.5 and 46.8 MPa and varied with the type of adhesive system employed. Significantly highest μTBS values were obtained when Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™ adhesives were used (p < 0.01) which were comparable to the coherent strength of the bulk fill resin composite in the positive control groups (p > 0.05). The viscosity of the bulk fill composite did not significantly influence repair bond strength. The microscopy and SEM examination of the failed interfaces revealed a mixture of adhesive and cohesive failures. CONCLUSIONS Under the tested conditions, significantly greater μTBS of repaired bulk fill composite was achieved when the substrate surface was treated with adhesive systems containing a functional monomer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Eff ;ecting a repair of a bulk fill resin composite restoration with the application of a functional monomer containing adhesive system, such as Tokuyama Bond Force II™ or Scotchbond Universal™, would seem to enhance the interfacial bond strength and integrity of the repaired resin composite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor R Blum
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Renáta Martos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Albelasy E, Hamama HH, Tsoi JKH, Mahmoud SH. Influence of material type, thickness and storage on fracture resistance of CAD/CAM occlusal veneers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104485. [PMID: 33812289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of restoration thickness, CAD/CAM material, and 6 months of artificial saliva storage on the fracture resistance of occlusal veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 84 intact maxillary molars were sectioned 4.0 mm occlusal to the cementoenamel junction to expose the dentine. The teeth were assigned into 3 main groups according to the type of restorative material (e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate). In each group, the teeth were allocated into 2 subgroups (n = 14) according to restoration thickness (1.0 and 1.5 mm). The veneers were adhesively bonded using dual-cure self-adhesive luting agent. A total of 42 specimens comprising half the tested subgroups were stored in distilled water for 24-h before the test. The remaining half was stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1 °C in an incubator for 6 months. All specimens (n = 84) were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles between 5 and 55 °C ± 2 before the fracture resistance test. The maximum force at fracture was recorded in Newton. Failure mode was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. The results were analyzed using a parametric Three-way ANOVA test. RESULTS The results of the Three-way ANOVA test revealed that material type and restoration thickness significantly affected fracture resistance values (p < 0.5), while 6 months of storage in artificial saliva had no significant effect on mean fracture resistance values (p˃0.5). The most common failure patterns in CAD/CAM resin composite and polymer-infiltrated ceramics were scores I and score II. For glass ceramic groups, score IV and III were more dominant. CONCLUSIONS All the tested CAD/CAM restorations in both thicknesses exhibited fracture resistance values exceeding normal and parafunctional bite forces. Polymer-infiltrated ceramics and CAD/CAM resin composite veneers showed more favorable fracture patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Albelasy
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hamdi H Hamama
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Material Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Salah H Mahmoud
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Jafarnia S, Valanezhad A, Shahabi S, Abe S, Watanabe I. Physical and mechanical characteristics of short fiber-reinforced resin composite in comparison with bulk-fill composites. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:148-151. [PMID: 33504755 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of a short fiber-reinforced resin composite: everX-Posterior and compare it with two bulk-fill composites, namely, Filtek Bulk-fill and Beautifil-Bulk, which are intended for large posterior restorations. METHODS Investigated properties were flexural strength, flexural modulus, surface roughness, volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure. Scanning electron microscopy images of each specimen after the flexural test were used for cross-sectional comparison. Results were analyzed using ANOVA following Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS Flexural strength of everX-Posterior was comparable with two other resin composites, showing higher flexural modulus. EverX-Posterior showed the highest surface roughness after polishing and the lowest volumetric shrinkage (2.29%) among all composites used in this study. Data also showed that the everX-Posterior depth of cure was 4.24 mm, which was the highest among the three groups. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that everX-Posterior as a short fiber-reinforced composite showed improvements and satisfactory performance in mechanical and physical properties, which make it a reliable base material candidate for large posterior restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Jafarnia
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Alireza Valanezhad
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeaki Abe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Kaur B, Gupta S, Grover R, Sadana G, Gupta T, Mehra M. Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Different Core Build-up Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:51-58. [PMID: 34326584 PMCID: PMC8311759 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with posterior direct composite (PRC) resin, bulk-fill composite resin, dual-cure composite (DCC) resin, and short fiber-reinforced composite (SFC) resin material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buneet Kaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rashu Grover
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gunmeen Sadana
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Teena Gupta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjul Mehra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Marghalani HY. Effect of food-simulating solvents on flexural properties of bulk-fill resin composites. J Oral Sci 2020; 63:31-36. [PMID: 33148931 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the flexural strength of bulk-fills after immersion in food-simulating solvents. METHODS Four overlapping segments along both sides of bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) made from bulk-fill composite were irradiated with an Elipar LED light-curing (1,200 mW/cm2 for 20 s) device. The specimens were then divided into four groups (n = 20), according to storage media-namely, distilled water, 99% ethanol, heptane, and methyl ethyl ketone-at 37oC for 4 weeks. Flexural testing was done with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. RESULTS Data were analyzed with the two-way and one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey (HSD) tests (P < 0.05), along with the Weibull statistic. Flexural properties significantly differed in relation to the bulk-fill and solvent used. The flexural properties of bulk-fills decreased in solvents. SonicFill in distilled water had the highest values for flexural properties (σf = 165.77 MPa; Ef = 10.3 GPa), followed by the values for SonicFill in ethanol and those for X-tra base and everX Posterior in water. Venus Bulk Fill in methyl ethyl ketone yielded the lowest values (σf = 74.11 MPa; Ef = 3.06 GPa). CONCLUSION The flexural properties of bulk-fills are affected by the food-simulating solvent used and by the filler content, type, and resin component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Y Marghalani
- Dental Restorative Biomaterials, Biomechanics & Adhesion-Research Group in Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Division, Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University
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Penha KJDS, Souza AF, Dos Santos MJ, Júnior LJDSA, Tavarez RRDJ, Firoozmand LM. Could sonic delivery of bulk-fill resins improve the bond strength and cure depth in extended size class I cavities? J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e1131-e1138. [PMID: 33282133 PMCID: PMC7700785 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of restorative procedures that guarantee success and optimize clinical time is the target of investigations in Restorative Dentistry. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sonic insertion of bulk-fill (BF) and conventional (C) resin composites on the microtensile bond-strength (µ-TBS) and cure depth (CD) of large and deep class I restorations. Material and Methods Fifty-six healthy human premolars were selected and occlusal cavities (4 x 4 x 3 mm; factor C = 5) were prepared. TC - Tetric N-Ceram (BF), SF - SonicFill (BF), and Z350 - Filtek Z350 XT (C) composite resins were used to restore the cavities, using sonic (S) and non-sonic (NS) insertion techniques. A group restored with conventional incremental insertion (I) using Z350 XT resin was performed serving as a control. Teeth were prepared for microtensile bond-strength test (µ-TBS). And also, restoration depths of 1 and 4 mm were measured with an automatic microhardness indenter (50 g -15 s) to determine the CD. Results were evaluated using ANOVA, Scheffe, and Games-Howel posthoc test (α = 0.05). Results Types of resins and insertion techniques present statistical differences for µ-TBS and CD (p ≤ 0.001). The µ-TBS was higher respectively for the groups SF > TC > Z350; however, the sonic insertion for SF and Z350 (I) did not present significant differences in µ-TBS. Higher microhardness values were observed on the surface (1mm). At a depth of 4 mm Z350 (I)> SF(S)> SF(NS)> TC(S/NS)> Z350(S/NS) (p< 0.001). Pearson's Correlation of bond strength and base micro-hardness was significant (p ≤ 0.001), strong, and positive (0.955). Conclusions The influence of sonic insertion is material dependent, influenced only the microhardness of the SonicFill resin and did not interfere with the bond strength and cure depth of other bulk fill and conventional resin composite. Key words:Composite resins, dentin, hardness tests, tensile strength, Bulk-fill resins, sonic insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla-Janilee-de Souza Penha
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leily-Macedo Firoozmand
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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