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Oudkerk J, Grenade C, Davarpanah A, Vanheusden A, Vandenput S, Mainjot AK. Risk factors of tooth wear in permanent dentition: A scoping review. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1110-1165. [PMID: 37147932 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth wear (TW) prevalence is high and increasing and has important consequences on the patient's quality of life. Knowledge of risk factors is crucial to promote diagnosis, prevention strategies and timely interceptive treatment. Many studies have identified TW risk factors. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to map and describe suspected available factors associated with TW in permanent dentition based on quantitative measurement. METHODS The scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist. The search was conducted in October 2022 from the Medline® (PubMed® interface) and Scopus® databases. Two independent reviewers selected and characterised the studies. RESULTS 2702 articles were identified for assessment of titles and abstracts, and 273 articles were included in the review. The results show a need to standardise TW measurement indices and the study design. The included studies highlighted various factors, classified into nine domains: sociodemographic factors, medical history, drinking habits, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, dental factors, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, behavioural factors, and stress. Results related to chemical TW (erosion) risk factors underline the importance of eating disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and lifestyle, particularly drinking and eating behaviours, which supports developing public health information campaigns and interventions. Besides chemical, this review identifies evidence of several mechanical TW risk factors, such as toothbrushing and bruxism; the influence of this last factor needs to be further explored. CONCLUSIONS TW management and prevention require a multidisciplinary approach. Dentists are in the first line to detect associated diseases such as reflux or eating disorders. Consequently, practitioners' information and guideline diffusion should be promoted, and a TW risk factors checklist (the ToWeR checklist) is proposed to help diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oudkerk
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grenade
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Anoushka Davarpanah
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Amélie K Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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Romero MJRH, Ungar PS, Fried D, Lippert F, Zero DT, Zunt S, Eckert GJ, Gossweiler AG, Elkington-Stauss DJ, Tamayo-Cabeza G, Kelly AB, Bartels T, Kita C, Wewers E, Hara AT. Exploratory Analysis of Objective Outcome Measures for the Clinical Assessment of Erosive Tooth Wear. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2568. [PMID: 37568931 PMCID: PMC10417370 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposed using enamel surface texture and thickness for the objective detection and monitoring of erosive tooth wear (ETW), comparing them to the standard subjective Basic Erosive Wear Evaluation (BEWE). Thirty-two subjects (n = 597 teeth) were enrolled in this longitudinal observational clinical study. Enamel thickness (by cross-polarization optical coherence tomography, CP-OCT) and 3D dental microwear parameters, i.e., area-scale fractal complexity (Asfc), anisotropy (Str), and roughness (Sa) (by white-light scanning confocal profilometry), were obtained from buccal surfaces. Buccal, occlusal, and lingual surfaces were scored for BEWE and the maximum score per tooth (BEWEMax) was determined at baseline and 12 months (M12). Data outcome relationships were evaluated (alpha = 0.05). Enamel thickness decreased (p < 0.001), BEWE scores, Sa, and Str increased (p < 0.001), while Asfc did not change at M12. Baseline BEWEBuccal correlated strongly with BEWEMax (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and moderately with BEWELingual (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), but not with enamel thickness (r = 0.03, p = 0.43). Change (Δ) in surface texture outcomes correlated poorly but significantly with ΔBEWEBuccal (r = -0.15-0.16, p < 0.001) and did not correlate with Δenamel thickness (r = 0.02-0.09, p > 0.06). Teeth with BEWE progression revealed a greater increase in ΔSa and ΔStr. These findings suggest that enamel surface roughness can potentially determine ETW severity, and CP-OCT may be relevant for clinically monitoring enamel thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jacinta Rosario H. Romero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.R.H.R.); (G.T.-C.)
- Restorative Dentistry Section, Department of Clinical Dental Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1007, Philippines
| | - Peter S. Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (P.S.U.); (D.J.E.-S.); (T.B.); (C.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Daniel Fried
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Frank Lippert
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.L.); (D.T.Z.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Domenick T. Zero
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.L.); (D.T.Z.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Susan Zunt
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - George J. Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ana Gutierrez Gossweiler
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.L.); (D.T.Z.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Dylan Jacob Elkington-Stauss
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (P.S.U.); (D.J.E.-S.); (T.B.); (C.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Guillermo Tamayo-Cabeza
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.R.H.R.); (G.T.-C.)
| | - Adam B. Kelly
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Troy Bartels
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (P.S.U.); (D.J.E.-S.); (T.B.); (C.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Camille Kita
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (P.S.U.); (D.J.E.-S.); (T.B.); (C.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Elizabeth Wewers
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (P.S.U.); (D.J.E.-S.); (T.B.); (C.K.); (E.W.)
| | - Anderson T. Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.L.); (D.T.Z.); (A.G.G.)
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Mainjot AK, Oudkerk J, Bekaert S, Dardenne N, Streel S, Koenig V, Grenade C, Davarpanah A, Donneau AF, Forthomme B, Bruyère O. Bruxism as a new Risk Factor of Musculo-Skeletal Disorders? J Dent 2023:104555. [PMID: 37263410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly neck and low back pain, constitute a major public health issue worldwide with a heavy morbidity and economic impact. However, the relationships between the stomatognathic system and MSDs are subjected to debate, data sorely lacking. The study objective was to investigate the association between bruxism (BR) and MSDs. Secondary objective includes the study of the association between tooth wear (TW) and MSDs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on 425 participants frequenting a university dental clinic. The presence of MSDs was evaluated with the standardized Nordic questionnaire. The sleep and awake BR assessments were based on clinical examination and self-report. TW was measured with the BEWE index. Socio-demographic factors, medical history, life habits and stress were analyzed as potential confounding variables. RESULTS 91% of patients reported at least one MSD during the preceding 12 months and 78.8% were diagnosed as bruxers. In multivariate analyses, BR was associated with a 5-fold increased risk of prevalent MSD (OR=5.88 (2.7-12.5), p<0.0001). Regarding TW, for a one-point increase in anterior BEWE score, the risk to present an MSD was increased by 53% (OR=1.53 (1.12-2.08), p=0.0076). Moreover, BR was independently associated with neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, hip & thigh and knee MSDs. Anterior TW was independently associated with neck, low back and hip & thigh MSDs, and global TW with knee MSDs. CONCLUSIONS BR and TW were shown to be associated with MSDs. The cause-and-effect relationships between those factors needs to be analyzed to optimize prevention and therapeutic care. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Results suggest that the body is a whole, a balanced muscular system, where every part constitutes a link of the chain. MSDs management and prevention may require a multidisciplinary team approach and future perspectives include defining the dentist's role in this context, particularly with respect to BR diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie K Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium.
| | - Julie Oudkerk
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Bekaert
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Dardenne
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center, University of Liege, Liege Belgium
| | - Sylvie Streel
- Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Vinciane Koenig
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grenade
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Anoushka Davarpanah
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Bénédicte Forthomme
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology, Sports², FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health aspects of musculo-skeletal health and ageing, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Belgium
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Wiriyakijja P, Niklander S, Santos-Silva AR, Shorrer MK, Simms ML, Villa A, Sankar V, Kerr AR, Riordain RN, Jensen SB, Delli K. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Development of a Core Outcome Set for Dry Mouth: A Systematic Review of Outcome Domains for Xerostomia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023:S2212-4403(23)00068-8. [PMID: 37198047 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify all outcome domains used in clinical studies of xerostomia, that is, subjective sensation of dry mouth. This study is part of the extended project "World Workshop on Oral Medicine Outcomes Initiative for the Direction of Research" to develop a core outcome set for dry mouth. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. All clinical and observational studies that assessed xerostomia in human participants from 2001 to 2021 were included. Information on outcome domains was extracted and mapped to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy. Corresponding outcome measures were summarized. RESULTS From a total of 34,922 records retrieved, 688 articles involving 122,151 persons with xerostomia were included. There were 16 unique outcome domains and 166 outcome measures extracted. None of these domains or measures were consistently used across all the studies. The severity of xerostomia and physical functioning were the 2 most frequently assessed domains. CONCLUSION There is considerable heterogeneity in outcome domains and measures reported in clinical studies of xerostomia. This highlights the need for harmonization of dry mouth assessment to enhance comparability across studies and facilitate the synthesis of robust evidence for managing patients with xerostomia.
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Rajab YS, Zaidan TF. Evaluation of Salivary Pepsin Levels and Dental Erosion in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e34744. [PMID: 36909113 PMCID: PMC9998119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal condition affecting many individuals worldwide. GERD is characterized by esophageal symptoms and may contribute to various extraesophageal symptoms, including dental erosion (DE). This study aimed to estimate the levels of pepsin in the saliva of GERD patients to evaluate and compare the activity of pepsin between the GERD and healthy groups and investigate the prevalence of DE in the GERD group. Methodology In this case-control study, 40 patients with GERD, diagnosed with an endoscope, and 35 healthy subjects were included. Patients and healthy individuals were subjected to the GERD questionnaire (GerdQ). A dental assessment was performed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). A total score of the BEWE risk level was obtained by summing the scores obtained in each sextant (no risk = ≤2, low risk = 3-8, medium risk = 9-13, and high risk = >13). Five milliliters of unstimulated saliva were collected in a sterile tube. The salivary pepsin levels examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were recorded for both groups. Results DE was significantly more frequent in GERD patients compared to healthy subjects. Overall, 32 (80%) GERD patients and 11 (31.4%) healthy individuals had DE risk. The mean salivary pepsin was 43.60 ± 10.61 ng/mL in the GERD group and 20.60 ± 9.27 ng/mL in the healthy group. A statistically significant difference was found in pepsin levels between the two groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions The study concluded that GERD patients had a higher prevalence of DE than healthy individuals. Our findings suggest that elevated salivary pepsin levels and their role as a factor responsible for DE need further evaluation to understand the mechanisms of pepsin-mediated damage leading to DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif S Rajab
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IRQ
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Margaritis V, Alaraudanjoki V, Laitala ML, Anttonen V, Bors A, Szekely M, Alifragki P, Jász M, Berze I, Hermann P, Harding M. Multicenter study to develop and validate a risk assessment tool as part of composite scoring system for erosive tooth wear. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2745-2756. [PMID: 32964309 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (i) To develop, validate, and apply in practice a new risk assessment tool for erosive tooth wear (ETW) including a risk factors questionnaire and a saliva secretion evaluation, which combined with a clinical index, can be part of an ETW composite scoring system; (ii) to assess ETW lesions and current and past erosive challenges in younger age groups. METHODS The Tooth Surface Loss/Erosion Working Group of the European Association of Dental Public Health consisted of an international panel of experts designed the survey component of the new tool (Erosive Wear Assessment of Risk-EWAR) and confirmed its construct and content validity. After receiving ethical approvals and informed consents, the EWAR tool (questionnaire + saliva secretion evaluation) was applied in a multicenter cross-sectional study with 207 participants aged 15-21 years old from four countries (Finland, Greece, Romania, the USA). BEWE score was used for the clinical assessment of ETW. RESULTS A total of 58.5% of participants had ETW. 10.9% and 20.3% of participants had low secretion of stimulated (< 1 ml/min) and unstimulated saliva (< 0.25 ml/min), respectively. The following factors were bivariately significantly associated with ETW: energy drink consumption, low secretion of stimulated saliva, juices consumption, erosive drink consumption for quenching thirst between meals, erosive drink kept in the mouth, feeling pain/icing after consuming something acidic or cold, and co-existence of other type of tooth wear. In regression analysis, only energy drink consumption (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.39, 8.9), low secretion of stimulated saliva (OR = 36.3, 95% CI: 4.71, 78.94), and feeling pain/icing (OR = 8.8, 95% CI: 1.92, 40.04) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS The examiners of the study reported that the EWAR tool appeared to be an affordable and easy-to-use instrument. Some challenges occurred during the saliva collection process. Inferential analysis revealed that the risk factors/indicators of low stimulated salivary flow, energy drink consumption, and pain/icing with ETW were considered the most important in ETW occurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE EWAR tool combined with the BEWE clinical index can be used for ETW risk assessment for epidemiological studies and chairside use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Margaritis
- School of Health Sciences, Walden University, 100 Washington Av. South. Suite 1210, Minneapolis, MN, 55401, USA.
| | | | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andreea Bors
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Melinda Szekely
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Panagiota Alifragki
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Máté Jász
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Berze
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mairead Harding
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Lam WY, Tse AK, Tew IM, Man WH, Botelho MG, Pow EH. Impact of hypo-salivation on severe tooth wear: A ten-year cohort of patients received radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Dent 2020; 97:103343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Agnani S, Bajaj K, Mehta S, Pandey L. Tooth wear patterns in subjects with class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusion. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:ijamh-2018-0227. [PMID: 34405600 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an increasing trend of malocclusion among children, so it is necessary to identify the cause of the tooth wear so that the orthodontist can treat the patient accordingly. It is necessary to determine the wear patterns of different malocclusions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the patterns of tooth wear among two categories of Angle's class II malocclusions, i.e. class II division 1 and class II division 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample consisted of 100 pretreatment orthodontic patients in the age group of 15-25 years with Angle's class II malocclusion and were divided into following two groups: (a) Group 1: 50 subjects with full cusp Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. (b) Group 2: 50 subjects with full cusp Angle's class II division 2 malocclusion. Clinical examination of the patients for tooth wear was done supplemented with dental casts, intraoral photographs and intraoral radiographs. Then each group was assessed for severity of tooth wear according to modified tooth wear index (TWI) given by de Carvalo Sales-Peres et al. Scores were subjected to statistical analysis and the pattern of tooth wear among the two groups of class II malocclusion was compared. A correlation between the gender of the patient and the tooth wear was also determined. The level of statistical significance (p-value) was less than 0.05. RESULTS The class II division 1 subjects showed statistically greater wear on the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary canines, first, second premolar and first molar, and the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular first molars. The class II division 2 subjects showed statistically greater tooth wear on the labial surfaces of the mandibular central and lateral incisors, the incisal surface of maxillary and mandibular incisors, the palatal surfaces of the maxillary second premolars, first and second molars. In class II division 1 subjects, the tooth wear was significant on the buccal surface of maxillary canines, occlusal surface of mandibular first premolars and second molars in males. In class II division 2 subjects, the tooth wear was significant on the buccal surface of mandibular canines, palatal surface of maxillary central incisors in females and palatal surface of maxillary first premolars in males. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that the two categories of Angle's class II malocclusion have different tooth-wear patterns. The wear patterns were different in both the sexes. Men showed higher occlusal wear scores than did women. The findings also suggest that tooth wear in relation to malocclusion is physiologic and is due to dissimilar interocclusal arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Agnani
- Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamal Bajaj
- Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Siddharth Mehta
- Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lavesh Pandey
- Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Korporowicz E, Gozdowski D, Lecka-Ambroziak A, Szalecki M. Oral findings in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1331-1339. [PMID: 30006686 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of changes in the saliva in the etiology of gingivitis and tooth wear in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 80 (2.8-18 years old; 39 girls and 41 boys): 40 in PWS group (mean age 8.0 ± 4.24 years) and 40 in control group (mean age 7.9 ± 4.12 years). General condition, oral para-functional habits, tooth wear (modified TWI), oral hygiene and gingival status (Plaque Index (PLI) and Gingival Index (GI)), localization of gingivitis, and salivary characteristics were assessed. The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and odds ratio based on logistic regression in a statistical analysis were applied. RESULTS Chances of gingivitis were increased by low PLI (odds ratio (OR) = 32.53), low resting salivary flow (OR = 3.96), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 3.54), and mouth breathing (OR = 8.17). For gingivitis in anterior regions, low PLI (OR = 107.67), low resting (OR = 5.73) and stimulated (OR = 1.86) salivary flow, increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 5.87), mouth breathing (OR = 10.00), and low stimulated salivary flow (OR = 3.18) were observed. Tooth wear rates were increased by teeth grinding (OR = 16.20), mouth breathing (OR = 4.33), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 11.67) and low resting (OR = 6.07), and stimulated (OR = 4.22) salivary flow. CONCLUSIONS In PWS, reduced salivary secretion, increased viscosity, of saliva and mouth breathing increase the risk of plaque-induced gingivitis and tooth wear. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevention and treatment of tooth wear and gingivitis in PWS patients is necessary not only to treat bruxism and mouth breathing but also to limit the influence of negative changes of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Emil Korporowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Experimental Statistics and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lecka-Ambroziak
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Szalecki
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UJK, Kielce, Poland
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Pini NIP, Schlueter N, Sundfeld D, Semper Hogg W, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, Aguiar FHB, Lovadino JR, Lima DANL. Efficacy of Stannous Ions on Enamel Demineralization under Normal and Hyposalivatory Conditions: A Controlled Randomized in situ Pilot Trial. Caries Res 2017; 51:543-553. [PMID: 28977796 DOI: 10.1159/000479041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate the effect of antierosive agents on enamel under normal and hyposalivatory conditions. This double-blind crossover in situ pilot study evaluated 4 toothpastes: placebo (0 ppm F), sodium fluoride (NaF, 1,450 ppm), stannous/sodium fluoride (SnF/NaF, 1,450 ppm F-, 1,090 ppm Sn2+), and sodium fluoride, stannous chloride and chitosan (NaF/Sn/Ch, 1,450 ppm F-, 3,500 ppm Sn2+, 0.5% Ch). Twenty participants were assigned to 2 groups (n = 10 each): normal and low salivary flow. Participants wore palatal appliances holding 4 bovine enamel specimens previously eroded in vitro (D1) for 20 min prior to an in situ phase after which they were eroded again (D2). Surface microhardness was determined at baseline (BL), after D1, in situ phase and D2 to assess hardness loss (%SMH), residual hardness loss (%RHL) and erosion resistance (%RER). Additional specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy after the in situ phase. ANOVA and a factorial analysis for between-subject effects were performed. Sn-based toothpastes showed the best effects (p < 0.05). Under normal flow, SnF/NaF showed higher efficacy, with a significant difference compared to NaF/Sn/Ch, NaF, and placebo (p < 0.05). Under low flow, SnF/NaF and NaF/Sn/Ch were comparable (p > 0.05); NaF and placebo were statistically similar. Comparing salivary conditions, there were significant differences for SnF/NaF for %SMH after the in situ phase (%SMHtotal)), %RHL and for all toothpastes in case of %RER. Factorial analysis revealed interactions between toothpaste and saliva flow for %SMHtotal and %RHL. Salivary flow can influence the efficacy of the antierosive toothpastes; however, Sn2+ preparations show even under low salivary flow conditions the highest efficacy in the prevention of enamel erosion.
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Choi JE, Lyons KM, McLean MC, Waddell NJ. Interarch comparison of intraoral pH and temperature: a pilot study. BDJ Open 2016; 2:16008. [PMID: 29607069 PMCID: PMC5842863 DOI: 10.1038/bdjopen.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of study: The severity of tooth wear is known to have an association with intraoral pH and temperature depending on the site. Objective: To compare the intraoral pH and temperature between the maxillary and mandibular arch. Methods: Fourteen participants (mean age=25.8 years) wore a custom-made intraoral appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for 24 h while carrying out normal activities including sleep. All participants wore a maxillary appliance; four participants repeated the process and wore the mandibular appliance. Measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors and lingual aspect of the lower canines. Both qualitative and quantitative statistical analyses were conducted. Results: The mean intraoral pH from the maxilla was 7.32 (±0.52) and 7.07 (±0.26) for the mandible. During daytime, there was no statistical significance difference between the two arches (P=0.12). During sleep, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the mean pH of the maxilla, 7.0 (±0.46), and mandible, 6.46 (±0.31). The fluctuation patterns of pH and temperature from both arches were similar, but the maxilla showed more variations. The mean temperature from the mandible was slightly higher (36.18 °C (±0.96)) than the maxilla, 33.12 °C (±5.51) during daytime; however, there was no statistically significance difference in temperature between the arches during daytime (awake) or sleep (P=0.27). Conclusion: The results showed that there is significant difference in mean intraoral pH between the maxilla and the mandible during sleep, but not during the day and this difference may be associated variations in tooth wear between the arches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl M Lyons
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mitten Cb McLean
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil J Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Okunseri C, Wong MCM, Yau DTW, McGrath C, Szabo A. The relationship between consumption of beverages and tooth wear among adults in the United States. J Public Health Dent 2015; 75:274-81. [PMID: 25919191 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and severity of tooth wear (TW) and its relationship with consumption of beverages among adults in the United States. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data for 2003-2004 was analyzed. TW was defined as "wear on at least one surface of at least one examined tooth." Drink/juice consumption was ascertained via a Food Frequency Questionnaire processed with Diet*Calc software to obtain the average daily consumption frequency for all queried drinks and juice categories including milk. Survey-weighted descriptive and multivariable analyses with interaction terms were performed. RESULTS Our study sample consisted of 3,773 adults (aged 20 and above). Eighty percent of the subjects had evidence of TW, and soft drinks were the most consumed beverage. Significant interactions between the effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity on TW were found (P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic factors, consumption of fruit drinks was found to be significantly associated with the severity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.32 and 1.42], but not prevalence of TW. However, this trend was reversed for grape juice consumption (OR = 0.34, 0.41). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a substantial proportion of adults had evidence of TW, which was affected by demographic factors in a complex way. Fruit drinks consumption in adults was associated with the severity of TW, but not with the prevalence of TW after adjusting for demographics. These findings are important for the development of appropriate treatment guidelines, public policy, and programs aimed at reducing TW in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Okunseri
- Department of Clinical Services, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - May C M Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David T W Yau
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Colman McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Institute of Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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