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Sobhy SM, Abdelfatah H, Elgamily HM, Mohammed NY. Effect of herbal irrigants on surface roughness of intraradicular dentin using quantitative method of 3D surface texture analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15439. [PMID: 38965301 PMCID: PMC11224368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Replacing the conventional endodontic irrigants with herbal agents could avoid complications associated with using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Endodontic irrigants alter the surface roughness of the dentinal wall surface, which affects sealer mechanical retention. This study aimed to assess the effect of experimental herbal Moringa oleifera and orange peel extract irrigant on intraradicular dentin (IRD) surface roughness using quantitative 3D surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) regarding the smear layer assessment. Sixty human root sections were divided into four groups (n = 15): NaOCl combined with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); negative control (saline); moringa extract (MO); and orange oil (OO). SEM images were assessed quantitatively for surface roughness (Ra) in the coronal, middle, and apical IRD. The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn's tests. All groups showed statistically significant differences (P = 0.007). MO exhibited significantly greater Ra values at the coronal, middle, and apical root levels than OO (P = 0.007, 0.009, and 0.046, respectively). There was no significant change in Ra values at various root levels within each group at P = 0.091, 0.819, 0.819, and 0.549 for the EDTA, saline, MO, and OO groups. Considerable (IRD) surface roughness analysis makes Moringa extract a promising herbal endodontic irrigant alternative to the NaOCl plus EDTA regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah M Sobhy
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelfatah
- Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institutes, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Ozel B, Ayhan T, Kaptan F, Sahin F, Karapınar-Kazandağ M. Dual- or single rinse? The tubular sealer penetration of endodontic chelating agents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303377. [PMID: 38875249 PMCID: PMC11178202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP) mixed in two different forms, in removing the smear layer and promoting the penetration of an endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth. METHODS The study used 75 teeth divided into five groups: 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 9% HEDP + NaOCl, 9% HEDP + distilled water (DW), and a control (DW) group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess smear layer removal and confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate tubular sealer penetration at different depths from the apical tip. RESULTS Sealer penetration was highest with 17% EDTA and 10% CA as compared with the other agents (p<0.001). At the cervical third, the sealer penetration for EDTA, HEDP + NaOCl, and HEDP + DW groups were significantly different than those in DW (p = 0.020). For the middle third, EDTA, CA, and HEDP + NaOCl groups were significantly higher than those of the DW group (p<0.001). Cervical-level values were significantly higher than apical-level values for HEDP + NaOCl, HEDP + DW, and DW (p<0.001). Smear layer removal was lower with 9% HEDP + DW than with 17% EDTA and 10% CA at all depths (p<0.001). A significancy in smear layer removal was observed between 10% CA and control (p = 0.015) in middle depth. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, highest values were seen in EDTA and CA in terms of sealer penetration and smear layer removal. In the light of these findings, the use of strong chelating agents highlights better clinical efficiency than dual-rinse or single HEDP irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beliz Ozel
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ayhan
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Kaptan
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meriç Karapınar-Kazandağ
- Department of Endodontics, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wigler R, Srour Y, Wilchfort Y, Metzger Z, Kfir A. Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals: A Comparative Study of Ultrasonic and Sonic Irrigant Activation Techniques. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:51. [PMID: 38534274 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of three irrigant activation devices with a control of non-activated syringe and needle irrigation in curved root canals. Sixty human curved roots were endodontically prepared and divided into four groups (n = 15) with similar root curvature distributions. Final irrigation using 4% NaOCl was performed with a syringe and needle (30-G) alone, or with Eddy sonic powered irrigation system (polymeric tip #0.25/0.06), Endosonic ultrasonic activation (polymeric tip #0.25/0.03), or Irrisafe ultrasonic activation (stainless-steel tip, #0.25/0.00). SEM was used to evaluate cleaning efficacy, employing five-score systems for debris and smear layer. While no significant difference in debris removal was observed between Endosonic or Irrisafe activation and non-activated irrigation, Eddy sonic powered irrigation system significantly improved debris removal in the apical third of curved root canals. Smear layer removal was effective in coronal and mid-root sections for all groups but less so in the apical third. Thus, Eddy sonic powered irrigation system demonstrated higher efficacy in removing debris from the apical third of curved root canals compared with non-activated syringe and needle irrigation. However, all three irrigant activation systems exhibited no difference from the non-activated control in smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Wigler
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Yuval Wilchfort
- The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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La Rosa GRM, Plotino G, Nagendrababu V, Pedullà E. Effectiveness of continuous chelation irrigation protocol in endodontics: a scoping review of laboratory studies. Odontology 2024; 112:1-18. [PMID: 37433927 PMCID: PMC10776731 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to synthesize and explore the current boundaries and limitations of laboratory research on the effectiveness of continuous chelation irrigation protocol in endodontics. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. Literature search was conducted on Pubmed and Scopus to identify all laboratory studies evaluating smear layer and hard-tissue debris removal or, antimicrobial efficacy, or dentine erosion induced by continuous chelation. Two independent reviewers performed the all review steps and the relevant items were recorded. Seventy-seven potentially relevant studies were identified. Finally, 23 laboratory studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Seven studies focused on the smear layer/debris removal outcome, 10 on antimicrobial activity, and 10 on dentine erosion. In general, the continuous chelation protocol was equally or more effective in the cleanliness of root canals and antimicrobial activity compared with traditional sequential protocol. In addition, etidronate solutions seemed to be milder chelating agents compared to those with EDTA, thus resulting in reduced or no dentine erosion and roughness modification. Yet, the methodological differences among the included studies limit the results' generalizability. The continuous chelation seems to be equally or more effective in all investigated outcomes when compared with the traditional sequential protocol. The methodological variability among the studies and shortcomings in the methods employed limit the generalizability and clinical relevance of the results. Standardized laboratory conditions combined with reliable three-dimensional investigation approaches are necessary to obtain clinically informative findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Awati AS, Dhaded NS, Mokal S, Doddwad PK. Analysis of the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of irrigants and use of activation systems: An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:87-94. [PMID: 38389742 PMCID: PMC10880483 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_221_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 18% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP), with diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI): an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Materials and Methods Fifty-two extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single canal were selected. They were disinfected in 0.1% thymol solution, cleaned of calculus and soft tissues, and stored in 0.1% thymol solution till use. All teeth were radiographed and selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The teeth were decoronated using a diamond disk under copious water spray to acquire a standardized root length of 14 mm. Working length was established by inserting a size 10-K file into each root canal until it is visible at the apical foramen and by subtracting 1 mm from the recorded length. Instrumentation of the root canal was done till master apical file size of F3 using ProTaper universal, rotary instruments. The canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite between successive files. Teeth were randomly divided into four subgroups n = 12 according to the intervention. Passive ultrasonic irrigation and diode laser were used to activate the irrigants. Final irrigation was performed with distilled water. These specimens were examined using confocal laser scanning microscope (OLYMPUS FLUOVIEW FV 3000) for dentinal tubule penetration of the sealer. Two-way ANOVA test and Tukey's multiple post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. Results Highly significant difference was seen between the groups with EDTA and HEDP, with HEDP demonstrating the highest penetration. Among the activation techniques used in this study, PUI showed the highest penetration of the sealer. The least penetration was seen with diode laser activation and EDTA. Conclusions The irrigation activation techniques significantly influence the penetration of sealer into root dentinal tubules. When penetration of sealer with different irrigation techniques and irrigants was evaluated, significant greater level of sealer penetration was attained with PUI activation of HEDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sanjay Awati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha S. Dhaded
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddhesh Mokal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Kore Doddwad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Zarean P, Göllner M, Zarean P, Neuhaus KW. 2D and 3D Erosion Landscape Analysis of Endodontic-Treated Teeth Using EDTA and HEDP as Chelating Agents: A High-Resolution Micro-Computed Tomographic Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:286. [PMID: 38132424 PMCID: PMC10742433 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the amount of erosion during activated endodontic irrigation with either HEDP or EDTA via high-resolution micro-computed tomography. Two root canals of twenty premolars were prepared with ProTaper Next and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite. Palatal canals, which served as control groups, were sealed, while buccal canals were further irrigated with either EDTA (n = 10) or HEDP (n = 10), which served as test groups. Micro-CT was performed to measure erosion depth. For 2D and 3D measurements, non-parametric repeated ANOVA measurements and post hoc tests were performed. 2D analysis showed highly significant differences between the case groups at each position of the root (p ≤ 0.01). The cervical and apical positions showed significant differences in the EDTA group (p = 0.03). The 3D analysis also showed significant differences between both chelating agents (p < 0.01) and the case and control groups (p = 0.01). The mean erosion depths in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the EDTA group were 45.75, 41.79, and 32.25 µm, and for the HEDP group were 20.25, 16.40, and 15.96 µm, respectively. HEDP seems to have a significantly less erosive effect. Different irrigation protocols with harsher conditions, as might be the case during endodontic retreatment, could be assessed with micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Zarean
- Department of General Pediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (P.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Michael Göllner
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Paridokht Zarean
- Department of General Pediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (P.Z.); (P.Z.)
| | - Klaus W. Neuhaus
- Department of General Pediatric and Adolescent Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (P.Z.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Natsir N, Yonathan Y, Nugroho JJ, Trilaksana AC, Rovani CA, Tanumihardja M, Muslimin L. Antibacterial and smear layer removal efficacy of moringa ( Moringa oleifera): An in vitro study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1493-1499. [PMID: 37434866 PMCID: PMC10331467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves decoction for removing a smear layer compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as well as its antimicrobial activities. Methods The moringa leaves were extracted using hot water decoction at two different concentrations (2.5% and 5.0% w/v). A total of 30 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared to assess the smear layer removal efficacy. The presence of a smear layer in the middle third of the root canal was detected by confocal microscopy. Then the antibacterial effects were assessed against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans bacteria using the agar diffusion method. Results The 2.5% and 5.0% decoction were significantly more effective than 0.25% NaOCl in removing the smear layer (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed compared to EDTA (p > 0.05). The in vitro antimicrobial assay showed that 5.0% decoction had higher antimicrobial activity against both of the test pathogens. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that moringa leaves decoction can be considered an effective irrigant in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayaty Natsir
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Yonathan Yonathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Juni J. Nugroho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Aries C. Trilaksana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Christine A. Rovani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Maria Tanumihardja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90242, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Muslimin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar, 90241, Indonesia
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Wigler R, Herteanu M, Wilchfort Y, Kfir A. Efficacy of Different Irrigant Activation Systems on Debris and Smear Layer Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9933524. [PMID: 37771362 PMCID: PMC10533223 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9933524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irrigation is an essential component of root canal treatment to enable cleaning beyond the reach of mechanical instruments. The study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of different final irrigation protocols, including sonic- and ultrasonic-powered irrigant-activation systems, on debris and smear layer removal in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of straight oval root canals. Materials and Methods Straight oval root canals of 60 human mandibular incisors were prepared to size 40.04 and divided into four groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation protocols: (a) Eddy sonic activation (b) endosonic passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), (c) irrisafe PUI, and (d) manual syringe and needle irrigation with no additional activation, which served as control. After the treatment procedures, the roots were split and observed using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of remaining debris and smear layer at the coronal, mid-root, and apical thirds of the canals were evaluated using a score system and statistically analyzed using multinominal models with significance level set at p < 0.05. Results None of the final irrigation protocols completely removed all debris and smear layer from all root canals. When the syringe and needle were used without activation, more debris and smear layer were found in the apical third of the canals. Activation of the final irrigant with each of the three devices significantly reduced the presence of debris in the apical third, compared to the syringe and needle final irrigation, with no difference among the three activation devices. Eddy and irrisafe activation also significantly reduced the residual smear layer in the apical third, compared to syringe and needle alone, while the reduction in the remaining smear layer by endosonic activation did not reach the significance level. Conclusions Removal of debris and smear layer from the apical part of the root canal by syringe and needle irrigation alone may be significantly improved by using sonic or ultrasonic activation of the final irrigant. Endosonic activation was less effective in removal of smear layer from the apical part of the canals compared to the other two activation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Wigler
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Herteanu
- The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Wilchfort
- The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anda Kfir
- Department of Endodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Advances in the Role of Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigant in Chemical Preparation of Root Canal Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8858283. [PMID: 36685672 PMCID: PMC9859704 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8858283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of root canal system is of great significance to the success of endodontic treatment, where sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used irrigant in chemical preparation. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the irrigant. It has been proposed that the effectiveness of NaOCl could be enhanced via several methods, including heating the irrigant, applying in conjunction with certain reagents, or activating by agitation techniques. Despite its antibacterial and tissue-dissolving capacities, NaOCl should be used with caution to avoid detrimental effect due to its cytotoxicity and negative effect on dentin properties. In this narrative review, we discussed the factors that affect the properties of NaOCl, the methods to improve its efficacy, and the side effects that might occur in clinical practice.
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Nagendrababu V, Murray PE, Ordinola-Zapata R, Peters OA, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Priya E, Jayaraman J, Pulikkotil SJ, Suresh N, Dummer PMH. PRILE 2021 guidelines for reporting laboratory studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1491-1515. [PMID: 33982298 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guidance to authors is needed to prevent their waste of talent, time and resources in writing manuscripts that will never be published in the highest-quality journals. Laboratory studies are probably the most common type of endodontic research projects because they make up the majority of manuscripts submitted for publication. Unfortunately, most of these manuscripts fail the peer-review process, primarily due to critical flaws in the reporting of the methods and results. Here, in order to guide authors, the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) team developed new reporting guidelines for laboratory-based studies: the Preferred Reporting Items for Laboratory studies in Endodontology (PRILE) 2021 guidelines. The PRILE 2021 guidelines were developed exclusively for the area of Endodontology by integrating and adapting the modified CONSORT checklist of items for reporting in vitro studies of dental materials and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. The process of developing the PRILE 2021 guidelines followed the recommendations of the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. The aim of the current document is to provide authors with an explanation for each of the items in the PRILE 2021 checklist and flowchart with examples from the literature, and to provide advice from peer-reviewers and editors about how to solve each problem in manuscripts prior to their peer-review. The Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) website (http://pride-endodonticguidelines.org/prile/) provides a link to the PRILE 2021 explanation and elaboration document as well as to the checklist and flowchart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
- Division of Endodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of Pacific, San Francisco, USA
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ekta Priya
- Division of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jayakumar Jayaraman
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shaju J Pulikkotil
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nandini Suresh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, India
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Ballal NV, Ivica A, Meneses P, Narkedamalli RK, Attin T, Zehnder M. Influence of 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid on the Soft Tissue-Dissolving and Gelatinolytic Effect of Ultrasonically Activated Sodium Hypochlorite in Simulated Endodontic Environments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2531. [PMID: 34068094 PMCID: PMC8152752 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Dual Rinse HEDP, an etidronate powder, to a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution can create a combined single endodontic irrigant with a soft tissue-dissolving and a decalcifying effect, which can replace traditional alternating irrigation with chemically non-compatible solutions. While the short-term compatibility between NaOCl and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) has been shown, it remains unclear whether ultrasonic activation of a combined NaOCl & HEDP solution immediately reduces the available chlorine and/or renders the NaOCl ineffective in dissolving organic tissue remnants. This was tested in three experiments: (1) direct activation in test tubes in an ultrasonic bath and then the activation by an ultrasonically oscillating tip (IrriSafe) in (2) an epoxy resin model containing a simulated isthmus filled with gelatin, and (3) extracted teeth with simulated resorption cavities filled with soft tissue. The control solutions were physiological saline and 2.5% NaOCl without HEDP. In (1), available chlorine after 30 s of ultrasonic activation (37 kHz) of test and control solution was assessed, as well as shrimp tissue weight loss in direct exposure. In (2) and (3), the ultrasonic tip was driven at 1/3 of full power using the respective unit, and areas of removed gelatin from the isthmus and tissue weight loss were used as the outcomes, respectively. Experiment (1) revealed no negative impact by HEDP on available chlorine (1), while all three experiments showed a highly significant (p > 0.001) synergistic effect, which was not hampered by HEDP, between NaOCl and ultrasonic activation regarding tissue weight loss (1, 3) and dissolution of gelatin (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; (N.V.B.); (R.K.N.)
| | - Anja Ivica
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.I.); (P.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Pamela Meneses
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.I.); (P.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Raj Kumar Narkedamalli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; (N.V.B.); (R.K.N.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.I.); (P.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Matthias Zehnder
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.I.); (P.M.); (T.A.)
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Evaluation of different irrigation solutions and activation methods on removing calcium hydroxide. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:700-705. [PMID: 33854721 PMCID: PMC8025183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dual Rinse HEDP is a soft chelator which can be used simultaneously with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Dual Rinse HEDP with different irrigation systems on removing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Materials and methods Eighty maxillary central incisor teeth were shaped and a standard groove on the apical third of the root canal surface was prepared. The root canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. Samples were divided into two groups according to the solution and these two groups were divided into three subgroups based on the activation technique. In group 1 (n = 10) Ca(OH)2 was removed using conventional irrigation with NaOCl whereas in group 2 (n = 10) conventional irrigation with NaOCl - Dual Rinse HEDP mixture was used. Group 3 (n = 15) and group 4 (n = 15) received sonic activation with the same irrigants as groups 1 and 2 respectively. In group 5 (n = 15) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used with NaOCl while in group 6 (n = 15) the irrigant was the mixture. The amount of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the artificial grooves were evaluated under a light microscope. Results None of the procedures managed to completely remove the Ca(OH)2 from artificial grooves. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.053). The scores were significantly lower in PUI group compared to the other techniques between NaOCl groups (p = 0.021). Conclusion Dual Rinse HEDP does not make a difference on elimination of Ca(OH)2. PUI is more efficient than both methods when NaOCl solution is used.
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