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R. D, R. J, Verma A, Choudhary B, Sharma RK. A theoretical study of HCN adsorption and width effect on co-doped armchair graphene nanoribbon. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Walia GK, Randhawa DKK, Malhi KS. Rise of silicene and its applications in gas sensing. J Mol Model 2021; 27:277. [PMID: 34482432 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reviewing a subject is done to provide an insight into theoretical and conceptual background of the study. Looking back into the history of an emerging field and summarizing it in a few pages is a herculean task. Anyway, it was imperative to write a few words about the rise of silicene, its properties, and its applications as gas sensors. Currently, silicene is a growing field of interest. It is probably one of the most studied materials nowadays and scientists and researchers are studying it because of its intriguing electronic properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics. Various experimental and theoretical investigations are going on worldwide to explore the various aspects of this field. It is essential to review the literature based on investigations by various scientists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur Walia
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, Phagwara, India.
| | - Deep Kamal Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev University, Regional Campus, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kanwalpreet Singh Malhi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Swami Sarvanand Giri Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India
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Defective GaAs nanoribbon-based biosensor for lung cancer biomarkers: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:270. [PMID: 34459994 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based first-principles investigation is performed on pristine and mono vacancy induced GaAs nanoribbons to detect the presence of three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aniline, isoprene and o-toluidine, which will aid in sensing lung cancer. The study has shown that pristine nanoribbon senses all three analytes. For the pristine structure, we observe decent adsorbing parameters and the bandgap widens after the adsorption of analytes. However, the introduction of the carrier traps induced by defect causes deep energy wells that vary the electrical properties as indicated in the bandgap analysis of GaAs, wherein adsorption of aniline and o-toluidine reduces the bandgap to 0 eV, making the structure highly conductive in nature. The adsorption energies of defect-induced nanoribbon are more as compared with the pristine counterpart. Nonetheless, the introduction of defects has improved the sensitivity further.
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Aasi A, Mehdi Aghaei S, Panchapakesan B. Outstanding Performance of Transition-Metal-Decorated Single-Layer Graphene-like BC 6N Nanosheets for Disease Biomarker Detection in Human Breath. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4696-4707. [PMID: 33644577 PMCID: PMC7905814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report highly sensitive and selective nanosensors constructed with metal-decorated graphene-like BC6N employing nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined by density functional theory (DFT) toward multiple inorganic and sulfur-containing gas molecules (NO, NO2, NH3, CO, CO2, H2S, and SO2) as disease biomarkers from human breath. Monolayer sheets of pristine BC6N and Pd-decorated BC6N were evaluated for their gas adsorption properties, electronic property changes, sensitivity, and selectivity toward disease biomarkers. The pristine BC6N nanosheets exhibited sharp drops in the bandgap when interacted with gases such as NO2 while barely affected by other gases. However, the nanosecond recovery time and low adsorption energies limit the gas sensing applications of the pristine BC6N sheet. On the other hand, the Pd-decorated BC6N-based sensor underwent a semiconductor to metal transition upon the adsorption of NO x gas molecules. The conductance change of the sensor's material in terms of I-V characteristics revealed that the Pd-decorated BC6N sensor is highly sensitive (98.6-134%) and selective (12.3-74.4 times) toward NO x gas molecules with a recovery time of 270 s under UV radiation at 498 K while weakly interacting with interfering gases in exhaled breath such as CO2 and H2O. The gas adsorption behavior suggests that metal-decorated BC6N sensors are excellent candidates for analyzing pulmonary disease and cardiovascular biomarkers, among other ailments of the stomach, kidney, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Aasi
- Small Systems Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei
- Small Systems Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Balaji Panchapakesan
- Small Systems Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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Singh P, Abedini Sohi P, Kahrizi M. Finite Element Modelling of Bandgap Engineered Graphene FET with the Application in Sensing Methanethiol Biomarker. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020580. [PMID: 33467459 PMCID: PMC7830839 DOI: 10.3390/s21020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have designed and simulated a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) with the purpose of developing a sensitive biosensor for methanethiol, a biomarker for bacterial infections. The surface of a graphene layer is functionalized by manipulation of its surface structure and is used as the channel of the GFET. Two methods, doping the crystal structure of graphene and decorating the surface by transition metals (TMs), are utilized to change the electrical properties of the graphene layers to make them suitable as a channel of the GFET. The techniques also change the surface chemistry of the graphene, enhancing its adsorption characteristics and making binding between graphene and biomarker possible. All the physical parameters are calculated for various variants of graphene in the absence and presence of the biomarker using counterpoise energy-corrected density functional theory (DFT). The device was modelled using COMSOL Multiphysics. Our studies show that the sensitivity of the device is affected by structural parameters of the device, the electrical properties of the graphene, and with adsorption of the biomarker. It was found that the devices made of graphene layers decorated with TM show higher sensitivities toward detecting the biomarker compared with those made by doped graphene layers.
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Analysis of uric acid adsorption on armchair silicene nanoribbons: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2020; 26:63. [PMID: 32108912 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory based first-principles investigation study is done on armchair silicene nanoribbons (ASiNRs) for adsorption of uric acid molecule. Pristine and defect-induced variants of ASiNR are considered, and the electronic and transport properties are calculated with the adsorption. The pristine ASiNR with zero band gap is engineered with defect to create a band gap, and a significant change in the band structure of defective ASiNR after the adsorption is observed. The adsorption energy of the defective complex is calculated as - 9.21 eV which is more compared to that of the pristine counterpart, whose adsorption energy comes out to be 7.76 eV. The study shows that introduction of defect reduced the sensitivity of ASiNR toward uric acid molecule.
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Kaur J, Kumar R, Vohra R, Sawhney RS. A pursuit to design highly sensitive fullerene-based sensors: adsorption and dissociation phenomenon of toxic sulfur gases on B 40 fullerene. J Mol Model 2019; 26:17. [PMID: 31879807 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption phenomenon of toxic sulfur gases namely H2S and SO2 on B40 fullerene is scrutinized utilizing density functional theory-non-equilibrium Green's function (DFT-NEGF) regime. Adsorption of gas molecules is considered at both the hexagonal and heptagonal rings of the fullerene and adsorption energies, charge transfer, electron charge densities, density of states, transmission spectra, molecular energy spectra; Eigen states, HOMO-LUMO gap, current voltage curve, and differential conductance are premeditated. It is inferred that H2S molecule is physisorbed on the heptagonal ring of the fullerene while it is dissociative-chemisorbed on the hexagonal ring. SO2 dissociates into SO and O species on adsorption on both the hexagonal and heptagonal rings. From the transmission spectra and DOS analysis, LUMO dominant transmission is noticed in all the devices except the one formed with heptagonal ring adsorption of H2S which favors HOMO-dominated transmission. From the I-V curve and differential conductance investigation, different conductance values are noticed for all the junctions, thus proving that B40 is an efficient material to be engaged in sensing toxic sulfur gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupinder Kaur
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rajan Vohra
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ravinder Singh Sawhney
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Singh P, Randhawa DKK, Tarun, Choudhary BC, Walia GK, Kaur N. First principles investigation on armchair zinc oxide nanoribbons as uric acid sensors. J Mol Model 2019; 26:4. [PMID: 31834483 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A study is done to check the sensing functionality of armchair zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoribbon towards uric acid. The main focus of the research is to observe the change in the electronic properties (adsorption energy, bandstructure and density of states) and transport properties (current-voltage characteristics) of nanoribbon on adsorption of uric acid. In this work, two armchair ZnO nanoribbons of width, N = 4 and 6 atoms are used, and additional variations are created in the nanoribbon by introducing defect and doping agent. Manganese is used as a dopant. The work reveals that chemisorption occurs only in the case of doping for both widths of nanoribbons, and there is an enormous increase in the conductivity of defective armchair ZnO nanoribbon with width, N = 6 as compared to others on adsorption of uric acid. All calculations are carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjot Singh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Deep Kamal Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Regional Campus, Guru Nanak Dev University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarun
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - B C Choudhary
- Applied Science Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur Walia
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Applied Science Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh, India
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Electrical Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials Used in Gas Sensors. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19061295. [PMID: 30875827 PMCID: PMC6470881 DOI: 10.3390/s19061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the search for gas sensing materials, two-dimensional materials offer the possibility of designing sensors capable of tuning the electronic band structure by controlling their thickness, quantity of dopants, alloying between different materials, vertical stacking, and the presence of gases. Through materials engineering it is feasible to study the electrical properties of two-dimensional materials which are directly related to their crystalline structure, first Brillouin zone, and dispersion energy, the latter estimated through the tight-binding model. A review of the electrical properties directly related to the crystalline structure of these materials is made in this article for the two-dimensional materials used in the design of gas sensors. It was found that most 2D sensing materials have a hexagonal crystalline structure, although some materials have monoclinic, orthorhombic and triclinic structures. Through the simulation of the mathematical models of the dispersion energy, two-dimensional and three-dimensional electronic band structures were predicted for graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and silicene, which must be known before designing a gas sensor.
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Walia GK, Randhawa DKK. Density-functional study of hydrogen cyanide adsorption on silicene nanoribbons. J Mol Model 2018; 24:242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gas-sensing properties of armchair silicene nanoribbons towards carbon-based gases with single-molecule resolution. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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