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Zhang ZX, Xie L, Li Z. Global, regional, and national burdens of facial fractures: a systematic analysis of the global burden of Disease 2019. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:282. [PMID: 38418992 PMCID: PMC10900718 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of facial fractures has undergone tremendous changes in recent years as a result of socio-economic development and aging populations. Currently, there is a lack of updated and comprehensive analyses of global trends and causes of facial fractures. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database is a product of a global research organization used to quantify the global impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. The aim of this study was to update global burden of facial fractures from 1990 to 2019 by using the GBD2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study extracted the global incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for facial fractures, as well as the age-standardized rates (ASRs) of these variables using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess the trends of ASRs. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, the incidence of facial fractures increased from 8,943,707 to 10,676,340, but the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 161.5 to 138.8 per 100,000. Prevalence and YLDs exhibited the same trend as incidence. Over the 30 years, the incidence of facial fractures was consistently greater in males than in females. However, females aged ˃ 75 years had higher fracture incidence rates than males aged ˃ 75 years in 2019. The leading cause of facial fractures was falls, and both the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized years lived with disability rate (ASYR) of falls increased with age. CONCLUSION Facial fractures still represent a significant burden to the world. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs all showed increasing trends, while ASRs decreased gradually from 1990 to 2019. Enhancing the quality of facial fractures data is helpful for monitoring the burden of facial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Mao J, Li X, Cao K, Xue J, Wang M, Yan D, Zhou Z. Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures in northwest China: an 11-year retrospective study of 2240 patients. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37221520 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of maxillofacial fractures in northwestern China by retrospectively analysing the demographics, aetiologies, concomitant injuries, fracture sites, and management. METHODS A 10-year retrospective analysis of 2240 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University was conducted. The extracted data included sex, age, aetiology, fracture site, concomitant injuries, time of treatment, therapeutic approaches and complications. Statistical analyses were performed, including descriptive analysis and the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact factors of maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The age of the included patients ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the mean age was 35.88 ± 15.69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 3.9:1. The most frequent aetiology of maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (RTAs) (56.3%), and the most common fracture sites were the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, arcus zygomaticus and mandibular body. A total of 1147 patients (51.2%) were affected by concomitant injuries, with craniocerebral injury being the most common. Logistic regression analyses revealed increased risks of mid-facial fractures in elderly individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 1.029, P < 0.001) and females (OR = 0.719, P = 0.005). Younger patients had a higher risk of mandibular fractures (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001). RTAs increased the risk for mid-facial fractures and high falls increased the risk for mandibular fractures. CONCLUSIONS The maxillofacial fracture pattern is correlated with sex, age and aetiology. Patients were mainly young and middle-aged males, and the main cause of injury was RTAs, mostly causing compound fractures. Medical staff must be systematically educated to comprehensively examine patients with injuries resulting from RTAs. The management of patients with fractures requires thorough consideration of the patient's age, aetiology, fracture site, and concomitant injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Mao
- Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Dental and Endodontic Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Xue
- Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Jinan, No. 68, Xin Xing Road, Jinan, 271100, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Di Yan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Sheng Li South Road, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, P.R. China.
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World Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma (WORMAT) project: A multicenter prospective analysis of epidemiology and patterns of maxillofacial trauma around the world. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e849-e857. [PMID: 35545192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The World Oral Maxillofacial Trauma (WORMAT) project was performed to analyze the causes and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery divisions over a 1-year period. METHODS The following data were collected: age, sex, cause and mechanism of maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score (FISS), associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 2,387 patients (1,825 males and 562 females [ratio 3.2:1], 47.6% aged 20-39 years [mean age 37.2 years, median 33.0 years]) were hospitalised. The main cause of maxillofacial fracture was road traffic accidents (RTA), which were statistically associated with male adults as like as assault, sport, and work (p<0,05). Half of the fractures involved the middle third of the face, statistically associated with fall and assault (p<0.05). Trauma in multiple locations was significantly associated with longer hospital stay (p<0.05). The mean length of hospitalization was 3.9 days (95% Confidence Interval 3.7-4.2). CONCLUSIONS This prospective, multicenter epidemiological study confirmed that young adult males were the ones most commonly affected by maxillofacial fracture. RTAs and assaults are statistically associated with the adult population, while falls are associated with females and older population.
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Sattar N, Rabia Rahat Gillani S, Erkin M, Khan M, Abbas M, Khurshid Khattak N. Role of environmental and occupational factors in fall-related maxillofacial fractures. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:737-741. [PMID: 35362673 PMCID: PMC9209790 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fractures in falls due to environmental and occupational reasons. Material and Methods One hundred and nineteen patients were included in this study who presented to the department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The duration of study was 3 years from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Demographic data such as age, gender and data environmental or occupational etiology of falls and pattern of fractures was noted in a customized Performa after detailed history, clinical and radiographic examination. Patients of maxillofacial fractures resulting due to falls with age ranging from 16 to 64 years were included. Those cases of falls that presented with systemic diseases or had chances of pathological fractures were excluded from the study. Results Male population was affected more than females (60% vs. 39.4%). The mean age was 32.39 SD ± 16.031. Falls due to environmental factors were more common than occupational factors (81.5% vs 18.5%). Fracture of midface was more common (57.1%) than fracture of mandible (36.7%) in patients of falls. 5.5% had both midface and mandible fractures. Conclusion We concluded that Environmental and work‐related facial fractures in falls are common in third and fourth decade of life. Falls due to stumbling, tripping and slipping, falls from height and falls from stairs most commonly result in midface fractures. Mandible fractures are commonly seen in sportsmen and laborers. Preventive strategies shall be adopted to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with such injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigam Sattar
- Department of Oral Surgery, IIDC, Riphah International University, Islamabad
| | | | - Mahiwsh Erkin
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shifa College of Dentistry, Islamabad
| | - Muslim Khan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar
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Ugolini A, Parodi GB, Casali C, Silvestrini-Biavati A, Giacinti F. Work-related traumatic dental injuries: Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. Dent Traumatol 2017; 34:36-40. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ugolini
- INAIL-National Institute for Insurance against Work Accidents - Direzione Regionale Liguria; Genoa Italy
- Department of Orthodontics; University Of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Claudia Casali
- INAIL-National Institute for Insurance against Work Accidents - Direzione Regionale Liguria; Genoa Italy
| | | | - Flavio Giacinti
- INAIL-National Institute for Insurance against Work Accidents - Direzione Regionale Liguria; Genoa Italy
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Roccia F, Boffano P, Bianchi FA, Zavattero E. Maxillofacial Fractures due to Falls: does Fall Modality Determine the Pattern of Injury? EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2014; 5:e5. [PMID: 25635212 PMCID: PMC4306323 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2014.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In several epidemiological studies of maxillofacial trauma, falls were one of the most frequent causes of facial injury. The aim of this study is to analyse the patterns of fall-related maxillofacial injuries based on the height of the fall. Material and Methods Using a systematic computer-assisted database of patients hospitalised with maxillofacial fractures, only those with fall-related injuries were considered. The falls were divided into four groups: falls from slipping, tripping or stumbling (STSF), loss of consciousness (LOCF), stairs (SAF), and height (HF). Data on the age, gender, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), facial lacerations, associated lesions, type of treatment, and length of hospital stay were also analysed. Results This study included 557 patients (338 males, 219 females; average age 51.5 years [range 4 - 99 years]). In the over 60 age group, females were more prevalent in STSF than males. According to aetiology, STSF was the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fractures (315 patients; 56.5%) followed by LOCF (157; 28.2%), HF (55; 9.9%), and SAF (30; 5.4%). The middle third of the face was affected most frequently. After LOCF, however, the inferior third was prevalently involved. The majority of associated fractures, as well as the most severe injuries and greatest rate of facial lacerations, occurred secondary to HF. Conclusions This study showed that fracture severity and site are influenced not only by patient age, but also by the nature of the fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Roccia
- Surgical Science Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin Italy
| | - Paolo Boffano
- Surgical Science Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin Italy
| | - Francesca A Bianchi
- Surgical Science Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin Italy
| | - Emanuele Zavattero
- Surgical Science Department, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin Italy
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Kica J, Rosenman KD. Surveillance for work-related skull fractures in Michigan. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2014; 51:49-56. [PMID: 25453176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop a multisource surveillance system for work-related skull fractures. METHODS Records on work-related skull fractures were obtained from Michigan's 134 hospitals, Michigan's Workers' Compensation Agency and death certificates. Cases from the three sources were matched to eliminate duplicates from more than one source. Workplaces where the most severe injuries occurred were referred to OSHA for an enforcement inspection. RESULTS There were 318 work related skull fractures, not including facial fractures, between 2010 and 2012. In 2012, after the inclusion of facial fractures, 316 fractures were identified of which 218 (69%) were facial fractures. The Bureau of Labor Statistic's (BLS) 2012 estimate of skull fractures in Michigan, which includes facial fractures, was 170, which was 53.8% of those identified from our review of medical records. The inclusion of facial fractures in the surveillance system increased the percentage of women identified from 15.4% to 31.2%, decreased severity (hospitalization went from 48.7% to 10.6% and loss of consciousness went from 56.5% to 17.8%), decreased falls from 48.2% to 27.6%, and increased assaults from 5.0% to 20.2%, shifted the most common industry from construction (13.3%) to health care and social assistance (15.0%) and the highest incidence rate from males 65+ (6.8 per 100,000) to young men, 20-24 years (9.6 per 100,000). Workplace inspections resulted in 45 violations and $62,750 in penalties. CONCLUSIONS The Michigan multisource surveillance system of workplace injuries had two major advantages over the existing national system: (a) workplace investigations were initiated hazards identified and safety changes implemented at the facilities where the injuries occurred; and (b) a more accurate count was derived, with 86% more work-related skull fractures identified than BLS's employer based estimate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS A more comprehensive system to identify and target interventions for workplace injuries was implemented using hospital and emergency department medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kica
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 909 Fee Rd, Rm 118, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Rosenman
- Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Closed management by Ginestet hook elevator of V-shaped fractures of the zygomatic arch. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:1130-2. [PMID: 24739755 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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