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Pan Y, Luo Y, Hong J, He H, Dai L, Zhu H, Wu J. Advances for the treatment of lower extremity arterial disease associated with diabetes mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:929718. [PMID: 36060247 PMCID: PMC9429832 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.929718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a major vascular complication of diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells dysfunction can exacerbate local ischemia, leading to a significant increase in amputation, disability, and even mortality in patients with diabetes combined with LEAD. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to explore proper and effective treatments. Conventional treatments of diabetic LEAD include lifestyle management, medication, open surgery, endovascular treatment, and amputation. As interdisciplinary research emerges, regenerative medicine strategies have provided new insights to treat chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Therapeutic angiogenesis strategies, such as delivering growth factors, stem cells, drugs to ischemic tissues, have also been proposed to treat LEAD by fundamentally stimulating multidimensional vascular regeneration. Recent years have seen the rapid growth of tissue engineering technology; tissue-engineered biomaterials have been used to study the treatment of LEAD, such as encapsulation of growth factors and drugs in hydrogel to facilitate the restoration of blood perfusion in ischemic tissues of animals. The primary purpose of this review is to introduce treatments and novel biomaterials development in LEAD. Firstly, the pathogenesis of LEAD is briefly described. Secondly, conventional therapies and therapeutic angiogenesis strategies of LEAD are discussed. Finally, recent research advances and future perspectives on biomaterials in LEAD are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huacheng He, ; Hong Zhu,
| | - Lu Dai
- The Fourth Outpatient Department, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huacheng He, ; Hong Zhu,
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kaiser S, Toborek M. Liposome-mediated high-efficiency transfection of human endothelial cells. J Vasc Res 2001; 38:133-43. [PMID: 11316949 DOI: 10.1159/000051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposome-mediated transfection of endothelial cells provides a valuable experimental technique to study cellular gene expression and may also be adapted for gene therapy studies. However, the widely recognized disadvantage of liposome-mediated transfection is low efficiency. Therefore, studies were performed to optimize transfection techniques in human endothelial cells. The majority of the experiments were performed with primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, selected experiments were performed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. To study transfection rates, HUVEC were transfected with the pGL3 vector, containing the luciferase reporter gene, complexed with several currently available liposomes, such as different Perfect Lipid (pFx) mixtures, DMRIE-C, or lipofectin. The optimal transfection rate was achieved in HUVEC transfected for 1.5 h with 5 microg/ml of DNA plasmid in the presence of 36 microg/ml of pFx-7. In addition, transfection with the VR-3301 vector encoding for human placental alkaline phosphatase revealed that, under the described conditions, transfection efficiency in HUVEC was approximately 32%. Transfections mediated by other liposomes were less efficient. The usefulness of the optimized transfection technique was confirmed in HUVEC transfected with NF-kappaB or AP-1-responsive constructs and stimulated with TNF or LPS. We conclude that among several currently available liposomes, pFx-7 appears to be the most suitable for transfections of cultured human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaiser
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Herrmann A, Pieper M, Schrader J. Selection of cell specific peptides in a rat carotid injury model using a random peptide-presenting bacterial library. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1472:529-36. [PMID: 10564767 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell specific peptides are possible candidates to enable targeted delivery of drugs and therapeutic genes in vivo. This study explores the utility of using a peptide-presenting bacterial library (pFliTrx) for the selection of new cell specific peptides, which bind to vascular cells of perfused tissues or organs. The balloon-injured rat carotid artery served as a model. Following perfusion of injured vascular segments with pFliTrx, 36 single clones could be identified. In radioligand binding studies, one of them, peptide P36, binds predominantly to perfused injured versus control vessel segments. It was additionally found that P36 binds with a 700-fold higher affinity in vitro to endothelial cells stimulated by treatment with LPS and TNF-alpha compared with unstimulated endothelial cells. The amino acid sequence of P36 reveals high homology to alpha(4)beta(1)-integrin, which mediates leukocyte migration from the vasculature at sites of inflammation via binding to cellular adhesion molecules, such as VCAM. In summary, this study demonstrates, that high specific peptides directed against injured vascular cells can be selected using a random peptide-presenting bacterial library.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbon Radioisotopes
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/microbiology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Flagellin/chemistry
- Flagellin/metabolism
- Genes, Bacterial
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Peptide Library
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Perfusion
- Plasmids
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Thioredoxins/chemistry
- Thioredoxins/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Weninger WJ, Müller GB, Reiter C, Meng S, Rabl SU. Intimal hyperplasia of the infant parasellar carotid artery: a potential developmental factor in atherosclerosis and SIDS. Circ Res 1999; 85:970-5. [PMID: 10559145 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.85.10.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal cushions that project into the lumen of arteries are precursors of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The "carotid siphon, " although frequently affected by atherosclerosis, was never analyzed for the occurrence of neonatal intimal hyperplasia. This study provides a topographic and morphometric analysis of intimal cushions in the parasellar internal carotid artery (pICA) of the human infant. A total of 35 specimens were studied in detail, using both standard histological techniques and a new method of computer-aided 3D reconstruction. Intimal hyperplasia occurred at 3 characteristic locations of the pICA: (1) the convex side of the posterior knee (C5 cushion), (2) the bottom of the horizontal segment (C4 cushion), and (3) the concave side of the anterior knee (C3 cushion). The extension of the cushions and the degrees to which they occluded the vessel lumens were measured. The complex shape of the pICA required 3D computer models for exact topographical descriptions and precise measurements. Our results suggest that the occurrence and degree of intimal hyperplasia are related to shape changes of the pICA during postnatal development. We predict that individuals who retain the relatively straight course of the fetal pICA throughout their lives are less prone to develop atherosclerotic lesions at this portion of the carotid artery. A possible contribution of neonatal intimal cushions to the origin of sudden infant death syndrome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Weninger
- Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine (C.R.), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Ischemic reperfused heart represents a potential target for gene therapy because gene transfer can represent an alternate pharmacological approach to protect the heart from cellular injury. Gene therapy may be particularly useful to deal with previously unapproachable problems. For myocardial preservation, gene therapy could replace those pharmacological interventions when drugs are delivered locally by sustained release with the help of mechanical device, eg, implants. In this review, attempts are made to define the molecular targets for gene therapy primarily applicable to myocardial preservation associated with ischemia and reperfusion. It has been emphasized that for successful gene transfer, not only characterization of proper targets and elimination of undesirable side effects are necessary, but also the therapy must be proven superior compared to other pharmacological interventions including surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Das
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030-1110, USA.
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Kibbe M, Billiar T, Tzeng E. Gene therapy and vascular disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 1999; 46:85-150. [PMID: 10332502 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kibbe
- Department of General Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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