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Hayashi JI, Ono K, Iwamura Y, Sasaki Y, Ohno T, Goto R, Nishida E, Yamamoto G, Kikuchi T, Higuchi N, Mitani A, Fukuda M. Suppression of subgingival bacteria by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using transgingival irradiation: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2024; 95:718-728. [PMID: 37910482 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an effective method for eradicating bacteria in periodontal therapy. Standard aPDT requires the insertion of a laser tip into a periodontal pocket, in which the direction of irradiation is limited. Therefore, we devised an aPDT method that uses a transgingival near-infrared wavelength and indocyanine green-encapsulated and chitosan-coated nanoparticles as a photosensitizer. METHODS Forty patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy, who had a single root tooth with a pocket of 5 mm or deeper, were used as subjects. In the test group, aPDT was performed by laser irradiation from outside the gingiva using photosensitizer nanoparticles. In the control group, pseudo aPDT without photosensitizer was performed by transgingival irradiation. Subgingival plaque was sampled from inside the pocket before, immediately after, and 1 week after treatment, and evaluated by colony counting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, periodontal pocket depth, and bleeding on probing between the test and control groups. Compared with the colony count before treatment, the count in the test group was significantly reduced immediately after treatment. The number of patients with colony reduction to ≤50% and ≤10% was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. None of the participants reported pain, although one participant reported discomfort. CONCLUSION As a bacterial control method for residual pockets in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy, transgingival aPDT is a promising treatment strategy that is not generally accompanied by pain or discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohta Ono
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwamura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ohno
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoma Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Genta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoya Higuchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Jervøe-Storm PM, Bunke J, Worthington HV, Needleman I, Cosgarea R, MacDonald L, Walsh T, Lewis SR, Jepsen S. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 7:CD011778. [PMID: 38994711 PMCID: PMC11240860 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011778.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis and peri-implant diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions occurring in the mouth. Left untreated, periodontitis progressively destroys the tooth-supporting apparatus. Peri-implant diseases occur in tissues around dental implants and are characterised by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and subsequent progressive loss of supporting bone. Treatment aims to clean the pockets around teeth or dental implants and prevent damage to surrounding soft tissue and bone, including improvement of oral hygiene, risk factor control (e.g. encouraging cessation of smoking) and surgical interventions. The key aspect of standard non-surgical treatment is the removal of the subgingival biofilm using subgingival instrumentation (SI) (also called scaling and root planing). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be used an adjunctive treatment to SI. It uses light energy to kill micro-organisms that have been treated with a light-absorbing photosensitising agent immediately prior to aPDT. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of SI with adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone or with placebo aPDT for periodontitis and peri-implant diseases in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two other databases and two trials registers up to 14 February 2024. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (both parallel-group and split-mouth design) in participants with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, peri-implantitis or peri-implant disease. We compared the adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in which aPDT was given after subgingival or submucosal instrumentation (SI), versus SI alone or a combination of SI and a placebo aPDT given during the active or supportive phase of therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures, and we used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. We prioritised six outcomes and the measure of change from baseline to six months after treatment: probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (REC), pocket closure and adverse effects related to aPDT. We were also interested in change in bone level (for participants with peri-implantitis), and participant satisfaction and quality of life. MAIN RESULTS We included 50 RCTs with 1407 participants. Most studies used a split-mouth study design; only 18 studies used a parallel-group design. Studies were small, ranging from 10 participants to 88. Adjunctive aPDT was given in a single session in 39 studies, in multiple sessions (between two and four sessions) in 11 studies, and one study included both single and multiple sessions. SI was given using hand or power-driven instrumentation (or both), and was carried out prior to adjunctive aPDT. Five studies used placebo aPDT in the control group and we combined these in meta-analyses with studies in which SI alone was used. All studies included high or unclear risks of bias, such as selection bias or performance bias of personnel (when SI was carried out by an operator aware of group allocation). We downgraded the certainty of all the evidence owing to these risks of bias, as well as for unexplained statistical inconsistency in the pooled effect estimates or for imprecision when evidence was derived from very few participants and confidence intervals (CI) indicated possible benefit to both intervention and control groups. Adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone during active treatment of periodontitis (44 studies) We are very uncertain whether adjunctive aPDT during active treatment of periodontitis leads to improvement in any clinical outcomes at six months when compared to SI alone: PPD (mean difference (MD) 0.52 mm, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.74; 15 studies, 452 participants), BOP (MD 5.72%, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.81; 5 studies, 171 studies), CAL (MD 0.44 mm, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.64; 13 studies, 414 participants) and REC (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.16; 4 studies, 95 participants); very low-certainty evidence. Any apparent differences between adjunctive aPDT and SI alone were not judged to be clinically important. Twenty-four studies (639 participants) observed no adverse effects related to aPDT (moderate-certainty evidence). No studies reported pocket closure at six months, participant satisfaction or quality of life. Adjunctive aPDT versus SI alone during supportive treatment of periodontitis (six studies) We were very uncertain whether adjunctive aPDT during supportive treatment of periodontitis leads to improvement in any clinical outcomes at six months when compared to SI alone: PPD (MD -0.04 mm, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.10; 3 studies, 125 participants), BOP (MD 4.98%, 95% CI -2.51 to 12.46; 3 studies, 127 participants), CAL (MD 0.07 mm, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.40; 2 studies, 85 participants) and REC (MD -0.20 mm, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.08; 1 study, 24 participants); very low-certainty evidence. These findings were all imprecise and included no clinically important benefits for aPDT. Three studies (134 participants) reported adverse effects: a single participant developed an abscess, though it is not evident whether this was related to aPDT, and two studies observed no adverse effects related to aPDT (moderate-certainty evidence). No studies reported pocket closure at six months, participant satisfaction or quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Because the certainty of the evidence is very low, we cannot be sure if adjunctive aPDT leads to improved clinical outcomes during the active or supportive treatment of periodontitis; moreover, results suggest that any improvements may be too small to be clinically important. The certainty of this evidence can only be increased by the inclusion of large, well-conducted RCTs that are appropriately analysed to account for change in outcome over time or within-participant split-mouth study designs (or both). We found no studies including people with peri-implantitis, and only one study including people with peri-implant mucositis, but this very small study reported no data at six months, warranting more evidence for adjunctive aPDT in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Merete Jervøe-Storm
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bunke
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Needleman
- Unit of Periodontology and International Centre for Evidence-Based Oral Health, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura MacDonald
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sharon R Lewis
- Cochrane Oral Health, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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The Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy in the Bacterial Decontamination of Periodontal Pockets and Its Impact on the Patient. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123026. [PMID: 36553035 PMCID: PMC9776409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the field of periodontal disease continues to focus on disease-associated microorganisms, as the microbial plaque and the host immune responses are considered to be important causative factors, that are highly responsible for the progression of this disease. The purpose of this article is to compare the reduction in the number of specific periodontopathogens in two test groups according to different therapeutic approaches in periodontal disease and to show possible differences. This article is based on a prospective clinical study involving eighteen subjects with forty-four average periodontal pockets assigned to study groups treated by two different methods, SRP and SRP followed by a single PDT application. Efficiency in removing specific bacterial species was evaluated by PCR testing, at baseline and immediately after treatment. The hypothesis that using SRP + aPDT results in an increased decontamination potential was confirmed statistically, when all five specific bacterial pathogens were investigated together. When the pathogens were considered separately, two of the five microorganisms tested were significantly lower in the SRP + PDT group (p < 0.00), and important germ counts reductions were also observed for the other three. There is also a statistically significant relation between the pain at 48 h postoperatively and the type of treatment the patients received, as resulted from the Questionnaire Form. Our results demonstrate that aPDT, as an adjunctive treatment to conservative mechanical cleaning of root surfaces at sites affected by periodontitis, represents an effective tool in terms of reducing specific periodontopathogen germs.
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Fernandes FGL, de Moraes FB, De Cezare JA, Degasperi GR, Fontana CE, Grandizoli DRP, Pinheiro SL. In vitro evaluation of EDTA combined with photodynamic therapy to reduce Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102718. [PMID: 35021107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the use of EDTA combined with photodynamic therapy to reduce Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin. METHODS Sixty third molars were sectioned to obtain flat dentin surfaces. All specimens were waterproofed, except for the coronal dentin, and subjected to cariogenic challenge in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 1% sucrose, and standard strain of S. mutans (ATCC 25175). The specimens were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 each): (1) control - caries collection; (2) EDTA - 17% EDTA was actively applied with a microbrush for 1 min; (3) aPDT - antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with 0.01% methylene blue photosensitizer (wavelength of 660 nm, energy of 4 J, power of 100 mW, spot size of 0.028 cm2, energy density of 142 J/cm2 for 40 s); (4) EDTA+aPDT - 17% EDTA actively applied for 1 min plus aPDT; (5) (EDTA+PT) + L - application of EDTA compounded with photosensitizer plus laser irradiation; and (6) PT - photosensitizer alone. Collection of caries was performed after the different cavity disinfection protocols. Aliquots from each dilution were seeded for colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. The results were log10-transformed and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (Student-Newman-Keuls). RESULTS There was a significant reduction in S. mutans after aPDT (p<0.05), EDTA+aPDT (p<0.001), and (EDTA+PT) + L (p<0.001). The percentage of microbial reduction in ascending order was as follows: EDTA: 1.65%; PT: 15.51%; aPDT: 38.28%; EDTA+aPDT: 75.24%; and (EDTA+PT) + L: 97.35%. CONCLUSION Application of 17% EDTA prior to photosensitization or compounded with a photosensitizer increased the antimicrobial effect of aPDT on S. mutans in carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Geovana Lopes Fernandes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele Bartolomeu de Moraes
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ando De Cezare
- Undergraduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC- Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Salvi GE, Stähli A, Schmidt JC, Ramseier CA, Sculean A, Walter C. Adjunctive laser or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to non-surgical mechanical instrumentation in patients with untreated periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 47 Suppl 22:176-198. [PMID: 31859395 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the adjunctive effects of lasers or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to non-surgical mechanical instrumentation alone in untreated periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two focused questions were addressed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome criteria as follows: in patients with untreated periodontitis, (a) does laser application provide adjunctive effects on probing pocket depth (PPD) changes compared with non-surgical instrumentation alone? and (b) does application of aPDT provide adjunctive effects on PPD changes compared with non-surgical instrumentation alone? Both randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. Results of the meta-analysis are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Out of 1,202 records, 10 articles for adjunctive laser and 8 for adjunctive aPDT were included. With respect to PPD changes, 1 meta-analysis including 2 articles (total n = 42; split-mouth design) failed to identify a statistically significant difference (WMD = 0.35 mm; 95%CI: -0.04/0.73; p = .08) in favour of adjunctive aPDT (wavelength range 650-700 nm). In terms of adjunctive laser application, a high variability of clinical outcomes at 6 months was noted. Two articles included patient-reported outcomes and 10 reported on the presence/absence of harms/adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence on adjunctive therapy with lasers and aPDT is limited by (a) the low number of controlled studies and (b) the heterogeneity of study designs. Patient-reported benefits remain to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia C Schmidt
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pereira LM, Estevam LR, da Silva MF, Pinheiro SL. Polyacrylic Acid with Methylene Blue Dye as a Sensitizing Agent for Photodynamic Therapy to Reduce Streptococcus mutans in Dentinal Caries. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:687-693. [PMID: 32758049 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PA) containing 0.3% methylene blue (MB) dye as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of carious dentin. Methods: One hundred twenty molars were selected and the dentin was exposed for cariogenic challenge, where the molars were placed in brain heart infusion medium containing a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC). Samples were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 15): S: saline, PA, MB: MB 0.3%, PA+MB: PA containing 0.3% MB + LLL: irradiation with low-level laser, PDT (MB): MB 0.3% + laser, PDT (PA): PA + laser, and PDT (PA+MB): PA containing 0.3% MB + laser. Carious dentin was collected before and after exposure to S. mutans. All samples of carious dentin were homogenized, diluted, and seeded in mitis salivarius bacitracin medium, and the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 15 days in anaerobic jars. The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis. Results: The percent microbial reduction achieved with each treatment was as follows: PDT (MB), 53.62%; PDT (PA+MB), 50.47%; PDT (PA), 46.73%; PA, 38.51%; MB, 19.75%; PA+MB, 17.18%; LLL, 12.83%; S, 5.99%. The greatest reductions in S. mutans growth occurred with PDT (MB), PDT (PA+MB), and PDT (PA) when compared to the S group (p = 0.0002, 0.0023, and 0.0232, respectively). Conclusions: PA containing 0.3% MB can be used as a photosensitizer for PDT to reduce S. mutans burden in carious dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Martins Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rodriguez Estevam
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Franco da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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Amaroli A, Barbieri R, Signore A, Marchese A, Parker S, De Angelis N, Benedicenti S. Simultaneous photoablative and photodynamic 810-nm diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: an in-vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:1-7. [PMID: 32214064 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of lasers at different wavelengths has been proposed in combination with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment in order to improve the clinical outcome of periodontal disease. However, the clinical use of laser photonic energy is still the subject of research and debate because the antibacterial activity of the laser is dependent upon method, laser parameters, quantity of bacteria, species selected and photosensitizers used. METHODS We evaluated the in-vitro bactericidal activity of 810 nm diode-laser irradiation in simultaneous photoablative and photodynamic mode against the major pathogenic bacterial organisms associated with periodontal inflammation and disease. We used indocyanine green as photosensitizer and the high-energy density of 161.7 J/cm2 or 215.0 J/cm2 for the photoablative-photodynamic irradiation. RESULTS The bacteria were drastically affected by the 215.0 J/cm2 irradiation in the presence of indocyanine green. In fact, the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia was reduced by 99.9% (P<0.001), while the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Actinomyces viscosus decremented by 83.3% (P<0.01), 86.8% (P<0.05), 75% (P<0.01) and 78.7% (P<0.001), respectively. P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were the only bacteria that were sensitive to the treatment with indocyanine green dye and 161.7 J/cm2 of laser irradiation (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary in-vitro data suggest that simultaneous photoablative-photodynamic irradiation could be a promising therapy against a wide range of bacteria involved in periodontal disease. We believe that further additional in-vivo investigation is necessary, to enable a more complete picture of effectiveness within a clinical setting to be established. In addition, the use of a simultaneous photoablative-photodynamic therapy is suggested to reduce treatment time, without compromising the efficacy against the periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy - .,Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia -
| | - Ramona Barbieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Signore
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Faculty of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Steven Parker
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola De Angelis
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Sena IADA, Silva DNDA, Azevedo MLDS, da Silva NT, Longo JPF, de Moraes M, de Aquino Martins ARL. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using a Chloro-Aluminum Phthalocyanine Adjuvant to Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment Does Not Improve Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:729-735. [PMID: 31589587 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: To evaluate the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (AlClFc) adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) on periodontal clinical parameters of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: Fifty-four periodontal sites were randomly distributed into two groups: 27 in the test group (SRP+aPDT)-using a low-power laser application Photon Lase III (DMC Equipamentos Ltda, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil) with operational parameters of 660 nm and 100 mW for 15 sec, and 27 in the control group (SRP). SRP was performed in a single session and the periodontal clinical parameters such as visible plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level were assessed at the baseline (T0) and 3 months after aPDT (T3). Results: Regarding BOP, a decrease in both treatment groups, the test group (p = 0.003) and control group (p = 0.001), was reported between T0 and T3. A reduction in PD and clinical insertion gain for both treatment groups (p < 0.05) after 3 months of therapy was observed, although nonsignificant (p > 0.05) in intergroup comparison. Conclusions: aPDT with AlClFc adjuvant to SRP did not provide additional benefits in reducing PD and clinical insertion gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília/DF, Brazil
| | - Maiara de Moraes
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Medicine, Rural Federal University of Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Kang SM, Jung HI, Kim BI. Susceptibility of oral bacteria to antibacterial photodynamic therapy. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1644111. [PMID: 31448062 PMCID: PMC6691882 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1644111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective methods for managing the oral microbiome are necessary to ensure not only the oral but also the systemic health of a human body. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of four photosensitizers (PSs) to blue light in six representative oral bacterial species that cause intraoral diseases. The following six strains were investigated: Actinomyces israelii, Enterococcus faecium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella parvula. PS stock solutions (1 mg/ml) were prepared by dissolving curcumin and protoporphyrin-IX in dimethyl sulfoxide, and resazurin and riboflavin in distilled water. The inoculation of 20 ml of a bacterial suspension cultured for 24 hours was mixed with 1,980 ml of each test solution, and then a light source was placed in front of the mixture. The irradiation wavelength was 405 nm and its applied energy was 25.3 J. The independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance within groups were performed to compare the antibacterial effects in the four PSs. The antibacterial susceptibility when using different PSs and visible blue-light irradiation differed between the bacterial strains. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy that includes light exposure and PSs can be used to control the oral bacteria strains related to oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mook Kang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Theodoro LH, Assem NZ, Longo M, Alves MLF, Duque C, Stipp RN, Vizoto NL, Garcia VG. Treatment of periodontitis in smokers with multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or systemic antibiotics: A randomized clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:217-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Comparison of repeated applications of aPDT with amoxicillin and metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A short-term study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:364-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Cobb CM. Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:205-295. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Curcumin photodynamic effect in the treatment of the induced periodontitis in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1783-1791. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Ahad A, Lamba AK, Faraz F, Tandon S, Chawla K, Yadav N. Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Treatment of Deep Periodontal Pockets: A Clinical Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:220-226. [PMID: 28491256 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Deep periodontal pockets pose a great challenge for nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone may not suffice in cases where surgical therapy cannot be undertaken. Various recent studies have suggested the use of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) for the management of periodontal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using aPDT along with SRP, compared to SRP alone for the management of deep periodontal pockets. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis, who met the criteria of having periodontal pockets with depth ≥ 6 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) in at least 2 different quadrants were included. After SRP, one quadrant was randomly selected for aPDT (test), while another served as control. Clinical parameters i.e. plaque index (PI), modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment intervals. Results: All clinical parameters significantly improved in both groups after 1 and 3 months. At 1-month interval, inter-group difference in mean change was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in terms of mSBI (0.85 ± 0.41in test vs 0.54 ± 0.47 in control group) and PD (1.77±0.86 in test vs 1.3 ± 0.95 in control group). At 3 months interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between test and control groups except in terms of mSBI (0.97 ± 0.45 in test vs 0.73 ± 0.42 in control group). Conclusion: aPDT appears to play an additional role in reduction of gingival inflammation when used along with nonsurgical mechanical debridement of deep periodontal pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Arundeep Kaur Lamba
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Farrukh Faraz
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Tandon
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirti Chawla
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Yadav
- Department of Periodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Silva IHM, de Andrade SC, de Faria ABS, Fonsêca DDD, Gueiros LAM, Carvalho AAT, da Silva WTF, de Castro RM, Leão JC. Increase in the nitric oxide release without changes in cell viability of macrophages after laser therapy with 660 and 808 nm lasers. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1855-1862. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Mizutani K, Aoki A, Coluzzi D, Yukna R, Wang CY, Pavlic V, Izumi Y. Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri-implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:185-212. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Najafi S, Khayamzadeh M, Paknejad M, Poursepanj G, Kharazi Fard MJ, Bahador A. An In Vitro Comparison of Antimicrobial Effects of Curcumin-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Chlorhexidine, on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:21-5. [PMID: 27330693 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the importance of prevention in periodontal diseases and the important role of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in induction and progression of these diseases, the aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), curcumin and light-emitting diode (LED) laser, on this bacterium. METHODS Antimicrobial activity of curcumin (5 mg/ml), CHX (2%), LED (120 J/cm(2)) and LED + curcumin (120 J/cm(2) + 2.5 mg/ml) against A. actinomycetemcomitans were tested in vitro, using micro-broth dilution test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD tests served for statistical analysis. RESULTS Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), CHX had a significantly lower MIC than curcumin (P < 0.05). Sorted out by bacterial growth from lowest to highest, were CHX, LED + curcumin, curcumin, and LED groups. All the differences were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) except for the LED group. CONCLUSION We conclude that curcumin is an effective substance in preventing the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans, whose impact is reinforced when used simultaneously with photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsoulmolouk Najafi
- Department of Oral Medicine, International Campus, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Dental Research Center and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khayamzadeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, International Campus, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Paknejad
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golfam Poursepanj
- International Campus, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pessoa L, Galvão V, Damante C, Sant'Ana ACP. Removal of black stains from teeth by photodynamic therapy: clinical and microbiological analysis. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr2015212276. [PMID: 26701991 PMCID: PMC4691879 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Black-pigmented bacteria (BPB) are Gram-negative anaerobic, non-motile, proteolytic rods strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Although pigments are produced in vitro, black pigmentation is rarely found clinically. However, it may compromise aesthetics and contribute to gingival inflammation. The aim of this report is to describe a clinical case of a 10-year-old boy showing black pigmentation covering all teeth and to propose an alternative therapy for removal of black pigmentation, based on photodynamic therapy (PDT). In order to perform microbiological analysis, plaque samples were collected before and after PDT, and analysed by real-time-PCR (RT-PCR). The results showed a significant reduction in BPB levels after therapy, along with clinical evidence of absence of black pigmentation and reduction in gingival bleeding, although the plaque index remained unaltered. This case showed that PDT is effective for eliminating black pigmentation caused by BPB, without recurrence during a follow-up period of 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pessoa
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Damante
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Corrêa MG, Oliveira DH, Saraceni CHC, Ribeiro FV, Pimentel SP, Cirano FR, Casarin RCV. Short-term microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy in non-surgical periodontal treatment of residual pockets: A split-mouth RCT. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:944-950. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Grazieli Corrêa
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Deborah Haydee Oliveira
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Vieira Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Suzana Peres Pimentel
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ribeiro Cirano
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University; São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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20
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Passanezi E, Damante CA, de Rezende MLR, Greghi SLA. Lasers in periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:268-91. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Pinheiro SL, Silva JND, Gonçalves RO, Villalpando KT. Manual and Rotary Instrumentation Ability to Reduce Enterococcus faecalis Associated with Photodynamic Therapy in Deciduous Molars. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:502-7. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to assess the ability of manual or rotary instrumentation associated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) to reduce Enterococcus faecalis using three combinations of light/photosensitizers: toluidine blue O/laser, fuchsin/halogen light and fuchsin/LED. Twenty deciduous molars were selected and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (McFarland 0.5 scale). Working length determination was performed by visual method. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups: G1 (n=10): manual instrumentation (Kerr-type files) and G2 (n=10): rotary instrumentation (ProTaper system). The bacteria were collected three times using sterile paper cones compatible with the anatomic diameter of the root canal for 30 s before and after instrumentation and after PDT. The samples were diluted in peptone water, seeded on blood agar plates and incubated in an oven at 37 °C for colony-forming units counting. The decrease of E. faecalis counts after instrumentation and after PDT was compared using the Wilcoxon test, t-test and Kruskal Wallis test. A significant reduction of E. faecalis occurred after manual and rotary instrumentation and after PDT using the three combinations of light/photosensitizer (p<0.05). It may be concluded that both rotary and manual instrumentation reduced E. faecalis. Fuchsin with halogen light or LED irradiation and toluidine blue O with laser irradiation can be used to reduce E. faecalis in root canals of primary molars. PDT can be used as an adjuvant to conventional endodontic treatment.
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22
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Moslemi N, Soleiman-Zadeh Azar P, Bahador A, Rouzmeh N, Chiniforush N, Paknejad M, Fekrazad R. Inactivation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by two different modalities of photodynamic therapy using Toluidine blue O or Radachlorin as photosensitizers: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:89-94. [PMID: 24981641 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is one of the periodontopathogens strongly associated with aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this investigation was to compare the effect of laser and light-emitting diode on the photodynamic inactivation of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Eighty-four samples of bacterial suspensions (200 μL) were prepared and divided in seven groups: control group (no treatment), laser group (indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphate laser with wavelength of 662 ± 0.1 nm, energy density of 6 j/cm(2), and irradiation time of 34 s), light-emitting diode (LED) group (wavelength 625-635 nm, energy density 6 j/cm(2), time of irradiation 30 s), Toluidine blue O (TBO) group (0.1 mg/mL), Radachlorin group (0.1 %), Radachlorin + laser group (after pre-irradiation time of 10 min, laser was irradiated), and TBO + LED group (after preirradiation time of 10 min, LED was irradiated). Then, 100 μL of each sample was cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) plates and incubated for 48-72 h in microaerophilic atmosphere for colony counting. Application of Radachlorin + laser resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P values <0.05). Photodynamic therapy with laser + Radachlorin was more effective than that of LED + TBO in suppression of this microorganism (P value <0.05). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that photodynamic inactivation using laser and Radachlorin was more effective than that of LED and TBO in eradication of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Moslemi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Betsy J, Prasanth CS, Baiju KV, Prasanthila J, Subhash N. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:573-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Betsy
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Chandra S. Prasanth
- Biophotonics Laboratory; Centre for Earth Science Studies; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | | | - Janam Prasanthila
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College; Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Narayanan Subhash
- Biophotonics Laboratory; Centre for Earth Science Studies; Thiruvananthapuram India
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24
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Luchesi VH, Pimentel SP, Kolbe MF, Ribeiro FV, Casarin RC, Nociti FH, Sallum EA, Casati MZ. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of class II furcation: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:781-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa H. Luchesi
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Suzana P. Pimentel
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria F. Kolbe
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda V. Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Renato C. Casarin
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Francisco H. Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Enilson A. Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics; School of Dentistry at Piracicaba; University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Piracicaba; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcio Z. Casati
- Dental Research Division; School of Dentistry; Paulista University São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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25
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Macedo GDO, Novaes AB, Souza SLS, Taba M, Palioto DB, Grisi MFM. Additional effects of aPDT on nonsurgical periodontal treatment with doxycycline in type II diabetes: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:881-6. [PMID: 23474741 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The association of doxycycline and periodontal treatment in non-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) has shown positive results on clinical and metabolic parameters. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a local and painless antimicrobial treatment that can be applied in periodontal treatment without systemic risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential improvement of aPDT on clinical and metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in conjunction with nonsurgical periodontal treatment plus doxycycline. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planning (SRP; N = 15) or SRP plus phenothiazine chloride photosensitizer-induced aPDT (SRP + aPDT, N = 15). Patients of both groups took doxycycline (100 mg/day) for 2 weeks and plaque index, bleeding on probe (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), suppuration, clinical attachment level (CAL), and glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. An improvement in clinical parameters such as PPD, CAL, S, and BOP between groups was observed but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). Intragroup analysis showed a significant reduction of HbA1c (8.5 ± 0.9 to 7.5 ± 0.1, p < 0.01) in the SRP + aPDT group. The differences of HbA1c between baseline and 3 months were greater for the SRP + aPDT (11.4 %) than SRP (10 %) (0.87 ± 0.9 and 0.4 ± 0.84 respectively; p < 0.05). A single application of the aPDT as an adjunct to periodontal treatment did not show additional benefits in the clinical parameters but resulted in a slight greater decrease in HbA1c.
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26
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Sanz I, Alonso B, Carasol M, Herrera D, Sanz M. Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2012; 12:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s1532-3382(12)70019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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The adjunctive effect of photodynamic therapy for residual pockets in single-rooted teeth: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:317-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Noro Filho GA, Casarin RC, Casati MZ, Giovani EM. PDT in non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in HIV patients: A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:296-302. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 28:669-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Huang TH, Lu YC, Kao CT. Low-level diode laser therapy reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone cell inflammation. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:621-7. [PMID: 22002329 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, the aim is to investigate the cytologic effects of inflammatory bone cells after in vitro low-level laser therapy (LLLT). A human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63) was cultured, infected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to low-level laser treatment at 5 or 10 J/cm(2) using a 920 nm diode laser. MG63 cell attachment was observed under a microscope, and cell viability was quantified by mitochondrial colorimetric assay (MTT). LPS-treated MG63 cells were irradiated with LLLT, and the inflammatory markers iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1, were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The data were collected and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Low-level laser treatment on MG63 cells increased their ability to attach and survive. After irradiation, the expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1 in LPS-infected MG63 cells decreased over time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS low-level diode laser treatment increased the MG63 cell proliferative ability and decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators in MG63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui Hsien Huang
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, section 1, Chien Kuo N Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
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Sgolastra F, Petrucci A, Gatto R, Marzo G, Monaco A. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 28:1393-402. [PMID: 22002328 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy used alone or adjunctive to scaling root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the QUOROM statement and recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. An extensive literature search was performed on seven databases, followed by a manual search. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for clinical attachment level, probing depth and gingival recession. The I(2) test was used for inter-study heterogeneity; visual asymmetry inspection of the funnel plot, Egger's regression test and the trim-and-fill method were used to investigate publication bias. At 3 months, significant differences in clinical attachment level (p = 0.006) and probing depth reduction (p = 0.02) were observed for scaling root planing with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, while no significant differences were retrieved for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy used alone; at 6 months no significant differences were observed for any investigated outcome. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias was detected. The use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy adjunctive to conventional treatment provides short-term benefits, but microbiological outcomes are contradictory. There is no evidence of effectiveness for the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as alternative to scaling root planing. Long-term randomized controlled clinical trials reporting data on microbiological changes and costs are needed to support the long-term efficacy of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the reliability of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as alternative treatment to scaling root planing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sgolastra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore 1, Building Delta 6, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Yang K, Gitter B, Rüger R, Albrecht V, Wieland GD, Fahr A. Wheat Germ Agglutinin Modified Liposomes for the Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria†. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 88:548-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carvalho EDS, Mello I, Albergaria SJ, Habitante SM, Lage-Marques JL, Raldi DP. Effect of Chemical Substances in Removing Methylene Blue After Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Treatment. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:559-63. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Mello
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Silvio José Albergaria
- Department of Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Yang K, Gitter B, Rüger R, Wieland GD, Chen M, Liu X, Albrecht V, Fahr A. Antimicrobial peptide-modified liposomes for bacteria targeted delivery of temoporfin in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1593-601. [PMID: 21773628 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05100h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are two promising strategies to combat the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To take advantage of these two strategies, we integrated a novel antimicrobial peptide (WLBU2) and a potent generation II photosensitizer (temoporfin) into liposomes by preparing WLBU2-modified liposomes, aiming at bacteria targeted delivery of temoporfin for PACT. WLBU2 was successfully coupled to temoporfin-loaded liposomes using a functional phospholipid. The delivery of temoporfin to bacteria was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, thus demonstrating that more temoporfin was delivered to bacteria by WLBU2-modified liposomes than by unmodified liposomes. Consequently, the WLBU2-modified liposomes eradicated all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and induced a 3.3 log(10) reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the in vitro photodynamic inactivation test. These findings demonstrate that the use of AMP-modified liposomes is promising for bacteria-targeted delivery of photosensitizers and for improving the PACT efficiency against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the local infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Hamblin MR. Reply to “Championing photoantimicrobial discovery”. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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