1
|
D’Antonio DL, Marchetti S, Pignatelli P, Umme S, De Bellis D, Lanuti P, Piattelli A, Curia MC. Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) in "ALADENT" Gel Formulation and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) against Human Oral and Pancreatic Cancers. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1316. [PMID: 38927525 PMCID: PMC11201195 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous-cell and pancreatic carcinomas are aggressive cancers with a poor outcome. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the use of photosensitizer-induced cell and tissue damage that is activated by exposure to visible light. PDT selectively acts on cancer cells, which have an accumulation of photosensitizer superior to that of the normal surrounding tissues. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induces the production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an endogenous photosensitizer activated in PDT. This study aimed to test the effect of a new gel containing 5% v/v 5-ALA (ALAD-PDT) on human oral CAL-27 and pancreatic CAPAN-2 cancer cell lines. The cell lines were incubated in low concentrations of ALAD-PDT (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.40%, 0.75%, 1.0%) for 4 h or 8 h, and then irradiated for 7 min with 630 nm RED light. The cytotoxic effects of ALAD-PDT were measured using the MTS assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and ROS assays were performed using flow cytometry. PpIX accumulation was measured using a spectrofluorometer after 10 min and 24 and 48 h of treatment. The viability was extremely reduced at all concentrations, at 4 h for CAPAN-2 and at 8 h for CAL-27. ALAD-PDT induced marked apoptosis rates in both oral and pancreatic cancer cells. Elevated ROS production and appreciable levels of PpIX were detected in both cell lines. The use of ALA-PDT as a topical or intralesional therapy would permit the use of very low doses to achieve effective results and minimize side effects. ALAD-PDT has the potential to play a significant role in complex oral and pancreatic anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lucia D’Antonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (S.M.); (S.U.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, Via Leonardo Petruzzi 42, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Simona Marchetti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (S.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Pamela Pignatelli
- COMDINAV DUE, Nave Cavour, Italian Navy, Stazione Navale Mar Grande, Viale Jonio, 74122 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Samia Umme
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (S.M.); (S.U.)
| | - Domenico De Bellis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.D.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.D.B.); (P.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.L.D.); (S.M.); (S.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aebisher D, Woźnicki P, Dynarowicz K, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Cieślar G, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 38201494 PMCID: PMC10777986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a specific group of oncological diseases in which the location and nature of growth are of key importance for clinical symptoms and prognosis. At the same time, as research shows, they pose a serious threat to a patient's life, especially at an advanced stage of development. The type of therapy used depends on the anatomical location of the cancer, its type, and the degree of progression. One of the modern forms of therapy used to treat gastrointestinal cancers is PDT, which has been approved for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the United States. Despite the increasingly rapid clinical use of this treatment method, the exact immunological mechanisms it induces in cancer cells has not yet been fully elucidated. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the mode of action of photodynamic therapy on cells of various gastrointestinal cancers with an emphasis on colorectal cancer. The types of cell death induced by PDT include apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. Anticancer effects are also a result of the destruction of tumor vasculature and activation of the immune system. Many reports exist that concern the mechanism of apoptosis induction, of which the mitochondrial pathway is most often emphasized. Photodynamic therapy may also have a beneficial effect on such aspects of cancer as the ability to develop metastases or contribute to reducing resistance to known pharmacological agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Woźnicki
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (G.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (G.C.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marocco L, Umrath F, Sachsenmaier S, Rabiner R, Wülker N, Danalache M. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Potentiates the Effectiveness of Doxorubicin in Ewing Sarcomas. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112900. [PMID: 36428464 PMCID: PMC9687703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcomas (ES) are aggressive primary bone tumors that require radical therapy. Promising low toxicity, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) could enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatment modalities (e.g., doxorubicin (DOX)), improving, thus, the anti-tumorigenic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of DOX and 5-ALA PDT alone or in combination on three different human ES cell lines. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cellular stiffness were measured 24 h after PDT (blue light-wavelength 436 nm with 5-ALA) with or without DOX. ES cell lines have a different sensitivity to the same doses and exposure of 5-ALA PDT. DOX in combination with 5-ALA PDT was found to be effective in impairing the viability of all ES cells while also increasing cytotoxic activity by high ROS production. The stiffness of the ES cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) post treatment. Overall, our results showed that across multiple ES cell lines, 5-ALA PDT can successfully and safely be combined with DOX to potentiate the therapeutic effect. The 5-ALA PDT has the potential to be a highly effective treatment when used alone or in conjunction with other treatments. More research is needed to assess the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT in in vivo settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Marocco
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Felix Umrath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Sachsenmaier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Wülker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Danalache
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aniogo EC, George BP, Abrahamse H. Molecular Effectors of Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413182. [PMID: 34947979 PMCID: PMC8704319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently enjoying considerable attention as the subject of experimental research to treat resistant cancers. The preferential accumulation of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) in different cellular organelles that causes oxidative damage by combining light and molecular oxygen leads to selective cell killing. However, one major setback, common among other treatment approaches, is tumor relapse and the development of resistance causing treatment failure. PDT-mediated resistance could result from increased drug efflux and decreased localization of PS, reduced light exposure, increased DNA damage repair, and altered expression of survival genes. This review highlights the essential insights of PDT reports in which PDT resistance was observed and which identified some of the molecular effectors that facilitate the development of PDT resistance. We also discuss different perceptions of PDT and how its current limitations can be overturned to design improved cancer resistant treatments.
Collapse
|
5
|
Assessment of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Bone Metastases: An in Vitro Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101020. [PMID: 34681119 PMCID: PMC8533584 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone metastases are typically associated with a short-term prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerges as a promising alternative treatment for targeting metastatic lesions. In this study we investigated the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated PDT treatment on both primary and human bone metastatic cancer cell lines. We found that human cell lines have different sensitivity to the same doses and exposure of 5-ALA PDT resulting in two different cell fates, apoptosis or senescence, depending on the extent of the cellular damage. As such, PDT has potential applicability in bone metastases of invasive ductal carcinoma. Abstract Bone is a frequent site of metastases, being typically associated with a short-term prognosis in affected patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerges as a promising alternative treatment for controlling malignant disease that can directly target interstitial metastatic lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect induced by PDT treatment on both primary (giant cell bone tumor) and human bone metastatic cancer cell lines (derived from a primary invasive ductal breast carcinoma and renal carcinoma). After 24 h post light delivery (blue light-wavelength 436 nm) with 5-aminolevulinic acid, the effect on cellular migration, viability, apoptosis, and senescence were assessed. Our results showed that bone metastasis derived from breast cancer reacted with an inhibition of cell migration coupled with reduced viability and signs of apoptosis such as nuclei fragmentation following PDT exposure. A limited effect in terms of cellular viability inhibition was observed for the cells of giant cell bone tumors. In contrast, bone metastasis derived from renal carcinoma followed a different fate—cells were characterized by senescent features, without a notable effect on cell migration or viability. Collectively, our study illustrates that PDT could act as a successful therapy concept for local tumor control in some entities of bone metastases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Antitumor Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Human Malignant Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115596. [PMID: 34070493 PMCID: PMC8199444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring non-proteinogenic amino acid, which contributes to the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of various cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether 5-ALA exerted cytotoxic effects on GBM cells. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis rate, mRNA expressions of various apoptosis-related genes, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and migration ability of the human U-87 malignant GBM cell line (U87MG) treated with 5-ALA at different doses. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 5-ALA on U87MG cells was 500 μg/mL after 7 days; 5-ALA was not toxic for human optic cells and NIH-3T3 cells at this concentration. The application of 5-ALA led to a significant increase in apoptotic cells, enhancement of Bax and p53 expressions, reduction in Bcl-2 expression, and an increase in ROS generation. Furthermore, the application of 5-ALA increased the accumulation of U87MG cells in the SUB-G1 population, decreased the expression of cyclin D1, and reduced the migration ability of U87MG cells. Our data indicate the potential cytotoxic effects of 5-ALA on U87MG cells. Further studies are required to determine the spectrum of the antitumor activity of 5-ALA on GBM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasaki M, Tanaka M, Ichikawa H, Suzuki T, Nishie H, Ozeki K, Shimura T, Kubota E, Tanida S, Kataoka H. 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) accumulates in GIST-T1 cells and photodynamic diagnosis using 5-ALA identifies gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in xenograft tumor models. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249650. [PMID: 33826667 PMCID: PMC8026038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) diagnosis using conventional gastrointestinal endoscopy is difficult because such malignancies cannot be distinguished from other types of submucosal tumors. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is based on the preferential uptake of photosensitizers by tumor tissues and its detection by fluorescence emission upon laser excitation. In this study, we investigated whether PDD using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a standard photosensitizer used worldwide, could be used for GIST diagnosis. 5-ALA is metabolized to endogenous fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We examined the accumulation of PpIX in GIST-T1 cells using flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. Furthermore, we established GIST-T1 xenograft mouse models and examined PpIX accumulation in the resultant tumors. PpIX accumulated in GIST-T1 cells and was localized mainly to lysosomes. PpIX accumulation was also observed in murine xenograft tumors. Moreover, tumor and normal tissues could be distinctly identified by relative PpIX fluorescence. Thus, our results demonstrated that PDD with 5-ALA has substantial clinical potential for GIST diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taketo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Anti-Human Cancer Experiments Investigating the Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030229. [PMID: 33800109 PMCID: PMC8000125 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The photophysical feature of PpIX is clinically used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These clinical applications are potentially based on in vitro cell culture experiments. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments is meaningful and may provide opportunities to consider future perspectives in this field. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed to summarize the in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments and calculated the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT for several cancer cell types. In total, 412 articles were identified, and 77 were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. The calculated effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT was statistically analyzed, which revealed a tendency of cancer-classification-dependent sensitivity to 5-ALA PDT, and stomach cancer was significantly more sensitive to 5-ALA PDT compared with cancers of different origins. Based on our analysis, we suggest a standardized in vitro experimental protocol for 5-ALA PDT.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanaka Y, Murayama Y, Matsumoto T, Kubo H, Harada K, Matsuo H, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:82. [PMID: 32863915 PMCID: PMC7436933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality used in the management of various cancers, but to a lesser extent for esophageal cancer (EC). The current study investigated the antitumor effects of ALA-PDT. Human EC cells were treated with ALA, after which ALA-induced fluorescence was examined under a fluorescence microscope. The cytotoxic effects of ALA-PDT were assessed using three types of LEDs (blue, green and red) in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous tumor model mice was constructed with KYSE150 cells. ALA-PDT was performed once a week for 4 weeks and tumor weights were measured. A popliteal lymph node (PLN) metastasis murine model was generated using KYSE150 cells. KYSE150 cells were inoculated into the left footpad of nude mice. ALA-PDT was performed on the footpad once a week for 4 weeks. PLNs were then removed 3 weeks after the last treatment. The lymph nodes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Red fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was observed in all EC cell lines. ALA-PDT using LEDs exerted significant antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effects of ALA-PDT with blue LED were the strongest, followed by green and red LEDs. The number of metastasized PLNs was significantly smaller in the ALA-PDT group (0%) than in the control group (37.5%). The present results indicated that ALA-PDT is effective for EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Murayama
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kubo
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Harada
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Hisataka Matsuo
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kitajima Y, Ishii T, Kohda T, Ishizuka M, Yamazaki K, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Dan S, Nakajima M. Mechanistic study of PpIX accumulation using the JFCR39 cell panel revealed a role for dynamin 2-mediated exocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8666. [PMID: 31209282 PMCID: PMC6572817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently been employed for photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) and photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) of various types of cancer because hyperproliferating tumor cells do not utilize oxidative phosphorylation and do not efficiently produce heme; instead, they accumulate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a precursor of heme that is activated by violet light irradiation that results in the production of red fluorescence and singlet oxygen. The efficiencies of ALA-PDD and ALA-PDT depend on the efficient cellular uptake of 5-ALA and the inefficient excretion of PpIX. We employed the JFCR39 cell panel to determine whether tumor cells originating from different tissues can produce and accumulate PpIX. We also investigated cellular factors/molecules involved in PpIX excretion by tumor cells with the JFCR39 cell panel. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of ABCG2, which has been considered to play a major role in PpIX extracellular transport, did not show a strong correlation with PpIX excretion levels in the JFCR39 cell panel, although an ABCG2 inhibitor significantly increased intracellular PpIX accumulation in several tumor cell lines. In contrast, the expression levels of dynamin 2, which is a cell membrane-associated molecule involved in exocytosis, were correlated with the PpIX excretion levels. Moreover, inhibitors of dynamin significantly suppressed PpIX excretion and increased the intracellular levels of PpIX. This is the first report demonstrating the causal relationship between dynamin 2 expression and PpIX excretion in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kanami Yamazaki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishimura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mei LH, Yang G, Fang F. Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Inhibited Human Squamous Cell Proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:394-400. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Mei
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Gao Yang
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Dermatological, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stepp H, Stummer W. 5‐ALA in the management of malignant glioma. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:399-419. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Stepp
- LIFE Center and Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of MunichFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 1981377MunichGermany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Clinic MünsterAlbert‐Schweitzer‐Campus 1, Gebäude A148149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abo-Zeid MA, Abo-Elfadl MT, Mostafa SM. Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid triggered DNA damage of adenocarcinoma breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:351-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
14
|
Enhancement of cancerous cells treatment by applying cold atmospheric plasma and photo dynamic therapy simultaneously. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Kozarek RA. Photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer. GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2015. [DOI: 10.18528/gii1400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
16
|
Namikawa T, Yatabe T, Inoue K, Shuin T, Hanazaki K. Clinical applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated fluorescence for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8769-8775. [PMID: 26269666 PMCID: PMC4528019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) precursor and a next-generation photosensitive substance. After exogenous administration of ALA, PpIX specifically accumulates in cancer cells owing to the impaired metabolism of ALA to PpIX in mitochondria, which results in a red fluorescence following irradiation with blue light and the formation of singlet oxygen. Fluorescence navigation by photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using ALA provides good visualization and detection of gastric cancer lesions and is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for gastric cancer for evaluating both the surgical resection margins and extension of the lesion. Furthermore, PDD using ALA might be used to detect peritoneal metastases during preoperative staging laparoscopy, where it could provide useful information for the selection of a therapeutic approach. Another promising application for this modality is in the evaluation of lymph node metastases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ALA to cause selective damage based on the accumulation of a photosensitizer in malignant tissue is expected to be a non-invasive endoscopic treatment for superficial early gastric cancer. ALA has the potential to be used not only as a diagnostic agent but also as a therapeutic drug, resulting in a new strategy for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we review the current use of PDD and PDT in gastric cancer and evaluate its future potential beyond conventional modalities combined with a light energy upconverter, a light-emitting diode and near-infrared rays as light sources.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li D, Li L, Li P, Li Y, Chen X. Apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by a new targeting photosensitizer-based PDT via a mitochondrial pathway and ER stress. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:703-11. [PMID: 25897245 PMCID: PMC4396590 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s76370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a viable treatment for many cancers. To decrease the cutaneous photosensitivity induced by PDT, many attempts have been made to search for a targeting photosensitizer; however, few reports describe the molecular mechanism of PDT mediated by this type of targeting photosensitizer. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of PDT induced by a new targeting photosensitizer (PS I), reported previously by us, on HeLa cells. Apoptosis is the primary mode of HeLa cell death in our system, and apoptosis occurs in a manner dependent on concentration, irradiation dose, and drug–light intervals. After endocytosis mediated by the folate receptor, PS I was primarily localized to the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of HeLa cells. PS I PDT resulted in rapid increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Ca2+ concentration, both of which reached a peak nearly simultaneously at 15 minutes, followed by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential at 30 minutes, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, and upregulation of Bax expression. Meanwhile, activation of caspase-3, -9, and -12, as well as induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), in HeLa cells after PS I PDT was also detected. These results suggest that apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by PS I PDT is not only triggered by ROS but is also regulated by Ca2+ overload. Mitochondria and the ER serve as the subcellular targets of PS I PDT, the effective activation of which is responsible for PS I PDT-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, The Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- The First Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, The Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, The Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei XQ, Ma HQ, Liu AH, Zhang YZ. Synergistic anticancer activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in combination with low-dose cisplatin on Hela cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3023-8. [PMID: 23803073 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT ) is a promising modality for the treatment of various tumors. In order to assist in optimizing treatment, we applied 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin to evaluate cytotoxicity in Hela cells. METHODS Antiproliferative effects of 5-ALA/PDT and cisplatin, alone and in combination, were assessed using MTT assay. To examine levels of apoptosis, Hela cells treated with 5-ALA/PDT, and combination treatment were assessed with Annexin-V/PI by flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression of p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. RESULTS MTT assays indicated that combination treatment obviously decreased the viability of Hela cells compared to individual drug treatment. In addition, it was confirmed that exposure of Hela cells to 5-ALA/PDT in combination with low-dose cisplatin resulted in more apoptosis in vitro. Synergistic anticancer activity was related to upregulation p53 expression and alteration in expression of p21, Bcl-2 and Bax. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that administration of 5-ALA/PDT in combination with the low-dose cisplatin may be an effective and feasible therapy for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong Univeristy , Jinan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kozarek RA. WITHDRAWN: Photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer. GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gii.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Liu H, Lv C, Ding B, Wang J, Li S, Zhang Y. Antitumor activity of G-quadruplex-interactive agent TMPyP4 with photodynamic therapy in ovarian carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:409-413. [PMID: 24959286 PMCID: PMC4063630 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by the cationic porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine (TMPyP4), on an ovarian carcinoma cell line and the underlying mechanisms by which TMPyP4-PDT exerts its actions. The analysis of cell viability, hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometric apoptosis assays revealed that TMPyP4-PDT potently suppressed the growth of the A2780 cells in a laser energy- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, it was observed that TMPyP4-PDT suppressed the proliferation and motility of the A2780 cells. In addition, the expression levels of minichromosome maintenance protein-2 (MCM2) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) were detected by western blot analysis. The results indicated that the TMPyP4-PDT-induced apoptosis and antimetastatic activity in the A2780 cells was accompanied by the inhibition of the expression of MCM2 and CA-IX. Therefore, TMPyP4-PDT may represent a potential therapeutic method for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Changshuai Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Baijuan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zakaria S, Gamal-Eldeen AM, El-Daly SM, Saleh S. Synergistic apoptotic effect of Doxil ® and aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:227-38. [PMID: 24632331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural heme precursor metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). PpIX preferentially accumulates in tumor cells resulting in the formation of singlet oxygen upon exposure to visible light. Doxil(®), an active agent against breast and ovarian cancer, is a nano-formulation of doxorubicin. This study aimed to investigate in vitro synergistic cytotoxic effect of low doses of combined chemotherapy and ALA/PDT to human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) compared to high doses of each individual therapy. METHODS MCF-7 cells were pretreated with Doxil(®) (48 h) followed by ALA/PDT (4h). The cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue assay and PpIX production was measured spectrofluorometrically. Alkaline phosphatase was determined as a marker for cellular differentiation. Apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by fluorescence stains. The apoptosis cell death pathways were investigated: detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and percent of DNA fragmentation, malondialdehyde, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, caspase-3 and death receptors (DR4 and DR5). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by ELISA, as an angiogenic mediator. RESULTS There was a higher reduction in cell viability in Doxil(®)+ALA/PDT-treated cells compared with their individual effect. The combined therapy showed enhanced apoptosis with a significant increase in the loss of ΔΨm, DNA fragmentation %, caspase-3, DR4, DR5 and lipid peroxides and inhibited HDAC. Pretreatment with Doxil(®) resulted in a twofold increase in the intracellular PpIX, by increasing the PDT killing of MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION The combined therapy using 50% of IC50 of ALA/PDT and Doxil(®) possessed a synergistic apoptotic effect on MCF-7 cells compared to 100% of IC50 of each therapy through enhancing both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, thus may minimize side effects of Doxil(®) and ALA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soad Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mroz P, Yaroslavsky A, Kharkwal GB, Hamblin MR. Cell death pathways in photodynamic therapy of cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 3:2516-39. [PMID: 23914299 PMCID: PMC3729395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer therapy that uses the combination of non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. The PS can be localized in various organelles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes and this sub-cellular location governs much of the signaling that occurs after PDT. There is an acute stress response that leads to changes in calcium and lipid metabolism and causes the production of cytokines and stress response mediators. Enzymes (particularly protein kinases) are activated and transcription factors are expressed. Many of the cellular responses center on mitochondria and frequently lead to induction of apoptosis by the mitochondrial pathway involving caspase activation and release of cytochrome c. Certain specific proteins (such as Bcl-2) are damaged by PDT-induced oxidation thereby increasing apoptosis, and a build-up of oxidized proteins leads to an ER-stress response that may be increased by proteasome inhibition. Autophagy plays a role in either inhibiting or enhancing cell death after PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (A.Y.); (G.K.); (M.R.H.)
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-617 726 1870; Fax: +1-617-726-8566
| | - Anastasia Yaroslavsky
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (A.Y.); (G.K.); (M.R.H.)
- Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gitika B Kharkwal
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (A.Y.); (G.K.); (M.R.H.)
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; E-Mails: (A.Y.); (G.K.); (M.R.H.)
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeng H, Sun M, Zhou C, Yin F, Wang Z, Hua Y, Cai Z. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy selectively kills sarcomas by inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77727. [PMID: 24204937 PMCID: PMC3813767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in sarcomas. Intracellular uptake of HMME by osteosarcoma cells (LM8 and K7) was time- and dose-dependent, while this was not observed for myoblast cells (C2C12) and fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). HMME-PDT markedly inhibited the proliferation of sarcoma cell lines (LM8, MG63, Saos-2, SW1353, TC71, and RD) (P<0.05), and the killing effect was improved with increased HMME concentration and energy intensity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that LM8, MG63, and Saos-2 cells underwent apoptosis after treatment with HMME-PDT. Additionally, apoptosis was induced after HMME-PDT in a three-dimensional culture of osteosarcoma cells. Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed apoptosis. Cell death caused by PDT was rescued by an irreversible inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) of caspase. However, cell viability was not markedly decreased compared with the HMME-PDT group. Expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were markedly up-regulated in the treatment groups and increased with HMME concentration as determined by western blot analysis. In vivo, tumor volume markedly decreased at 7–16 days post-PDT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed widespread necrotic and infiltrative inflammatory cells in the HMME-PDT group. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and PARP proteins were significantly increased in the HMME-PDT group. These results indicate that HMME-PDT has a potent killing effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo, which is associated with the caspase-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barron GA, Moseley H, Woods JA. Differential sensitivity in cell lines to photodynamic therapy in combination with ABCG2 inhibition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:87-96. [PMID: 23911860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter protein which has a role in the regulation of endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) levels. OBJECTIVE To understand the influence of ABCG2 on porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence diagnosis (FD), we examined the role of endogenous ABCG2 in four human cell lines from the epidermis (HaCaT keratinocytes), oesophagus (OE19 adenocarcinoma), brain (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma) and bladder (HT1197 carcinoma). METHODS Cells were incubated with ALA or MAL in the presence or absence of the ABCG2 activity inhibitor Ko-143. Porphyrin accumulation was detected by spectrofluorimetric analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with porphyrin localisation observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. PDT efficacy was assessed 24h post irradiation (1.5J/cm(2) red light) by the neutral red (NR) assay. RESULTS We show cell-specific differences when Ko-143 was co-incubated with ALA or, in particular with, MAL. Enhanced PDT-induced cell kill was shown in HaCaT, OE19 and HT1197 cells, but not SH-SY5Y cells and could be explained by porphyrin accumulation and expression of ABCG2. We have also found that despite high levels of intracellular PpIX, the OE19 cells were protected from phototoxic cell death by PpIX compartmentalisation. This could be reversed by Ko-143. CONCLUSION The results from this study show a possible cause of reduced sensitivity to ALA/MAL-PDT, with a potential solution to overcome this effect in certain tissue types. The potential to improve PDT with Ko-143 remains promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma A Barron
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hino H, Murayama Y, Nakanishi M, Inoue K, Nakajima M, Otsuji E. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy using light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths in a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. J Surg Res 2013; 185:119-26. [PMID: 23746762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of the strong photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX, in cancer cells. The efficacy of 5-ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was evaluated in a mouse model of peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of violet (peak wavelength 410 nm), green (peak wavelength 525 nm), and red (peak wavelength 635 nm) LEDs on reactive oxygen species generation and ALA-PDT cytotoxicity were measured in vitro. 5-ALA was intraperitoneally injected into a mouse xenograft model of peritoneally disseminated enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing MKN-45 cells, followed by irradiation of micrometastatic nodules on the omentum and evaluation of the necrotic areas of these nodules. RESULTS ROS generation and the cytotoxic effects of ALA-PDT were highest for the violet and lowest for the red LEDs. The necrotic areas of nodules were significantly larger after irradiation with each LED than in the control mice. The violet and green LEDs had the same anticancer effects, which were significantly greater than those of the red LED. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT using LEDs was effective in treating peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer. The differences in the anticancer effects among the three light sources indicate the necessity of selecting the light source with the optimal wavelength most effective for in vivo clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hino
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hsieh BC, Chen RLC, Tsai T. Quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid by CE using dynamic pH junction technique. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:803-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Richie L. C. Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsuimin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|