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Lin YT, Lee CL, Lin CY, Lee TF, Hsueh PR. High hemolytic activity of the Staphylococcus aureus spa t1081 among clonal complex 45 in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2024:S1684-1182(24)00155-5. [PMID: 39266361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 45 was first reported in Taiwan in 2006. Since then, the prevalence of ST45 MRSA in clinical isolates has increased. This study was carried out to understand the changes in the proportions, evolutionary relationships, and infection advantages of ST45 and its related clones. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. aureus including MRSA and MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus), and clonal complex (CC) 45 blood isolates were collected in 2000, 2005, and from January 2010 to August 2014. Molecular typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis were performed. Fitness and virulence analyses were used to understand the infection advantages of the isolates. RESULTS Among the 67 CC45 isolates, only MSSA ST508 isolates were found in 2000 and 2005. Since 2010, the prevalence of MRSA has increased, t1081/ST45 has become dominant, and MRSA ST508 has been found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of the ST45 isolates were located in a cluster distinct from those of ST508 and ST929. However, the t026 isolates clustered with the ST508 isolates rather than with the other ST45 isolates. Moreover, fitness and virulence analyses revealed that the t1081 isolates had higher hemolytic activity than the t026 and ST508 isolates did. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the increased prevalence of ST45 MRSA isolates from blood cultures in Taiwan was due to the t1081 isolates, and their high hemolytic activity may provide an infection advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Li Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yun Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Fen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Motomura Y, Miyazaki M, Kamada M, Morimoto S, Nakamura Y, Satho T, Takata T, Kashige N. Genotypic Shift and Diversification of MRSA Blood Stream Isolates in a University Hospital Setting: Evidence from a 12-Year Observational Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:670. [PMID: 39061352 PMCID: PMC11273934 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been few reports regarding the long-term trends in the genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream isolates. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the longitudinal trends in the genotypes of MRSA bloodstream isolates obtained from hospitalized patients during a 12-year study period from 2010 to 2021 at a tertiary care university hospital. Over the 12-year period from 2010 to 2021, we conducted a genetic investigation focusing on 245 MRSA strains isolated from the blood of hospitalized patients. The genotypes of the MRSA bloodstream isolates were determined by Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, PCR-based ORF typing (POT), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Strains with the same POT type detected in two or more isolates were designated as epidemic clones, while strains without a common POT type were classified as sporadic clones. Until 2015, isolates with SCCmec II/agr II were prevalent, but isolates with SCCmec IV/agr III increased from 2016. A total of 128 strains (52%) were identified as epidemic clones, while 117 strains (48%) were classified as sporadic clones. The detection rate of sporadic clones increased significantly since 2016 (p < 0.05). The epidemic clones were classified into three clusters, with MRSA of clonal complex (CC) 1 being prominent after 2016. This study showed that the genotypes of MRSA bloodstream isolates underwent a shift from SCCmec II/agr II type to SCCmec IV/agr III type, with a notable increase in MRSA of CC1, after 2016. There was a significant increase in the proportion of sporadic strains among the isolates, suggesting the diversification of genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Motomura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Motoyasu Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Morimoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tomomitsu Satho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Tohru Takata
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- Department of Infection Control, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kashige
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.M.); (T.S.); (N.K.)
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Yang L, Dharmaratne P, Zhu C, Sapugahawatte DN, Rahman N, Barua N, Li C, Kwok KO, Luo M, Liyanapathirana V, Ip M. Global epidemiology of asymptomatic colonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the upper respiratory tract of young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:267-274. [PMID: 38296611 PMCID: PMC10958260 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the global prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation, and determine the associated risk factors, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the upper respiratory tract of young children. DESIGN Four bibliometric databases were searched for publications between 2010 and 2022 according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO. Cross-sectional or cohort studies describing the prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation of S. aureus and MRSA in young children were included. Data extraction and analysis were carried out by two reviewers independently according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. SETTING AND STUDIES We included studies where children without respiratory tract infection or Staphylococcal infection were recruited from the community, children's institutions (ie, nurseries, kindergartens, daycare centres and preschools) and healthcare centre visits and assessed for asymptomatic colonisation with S. aureus and MRSA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The pooled prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation of S. aureus and MRSA of young children globally. RESULTS In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 416 young children, the pooled global prevalence of asymptomatic S. aureus colonisation was 25.1% (95% CI 21.4 to 28.8) and MRSA colonisation was 3.4% (95% CI 2.8 to 4.1). The clones of MRSA strains included healthcare-associated MRSA, community-associated MRSA and livestock-associated MRSA. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of increased MRSA colonisation globally among young children, underlining the critical role of asymptomatic carriers in MRSA transmission and the need for control measures. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD 42022328385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyue Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Priyanga Dharmaratne
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chendi Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Nannur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Nilakshi Barua
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kin On Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingjing Luo
- Center for Synthetic Microbiome, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, CAS, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Alsarhani WK, AlOtaibi H, AlEraij S, Bukhari T, Ahmad SK, Al-Mesfer S, Martinez-Osorio H. Trends in antibiotic resistance in ocular samples in a tertiary eye centre in Saudi Arabia in 2003-2019. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e22-e27. [PMID: 36126695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance in ocular samples over a 16-year period. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2003-2019). The study included corneal and conjunctival swabs and aqueous and vitreous samples. RESULTS Coagulase-negative staphylococci exhibited a significant trend of increasing resistance over time to erythromycin (p < 0.001), oxacillin (p < 0.001), fusidic acid (p < 0.001), and moxifloxacin (p = 0.003). Staphylococcus aureus also showed a significant increase in oxacillin (p = 0.001), ofloxacin (p = 0.003), and moxifloxacin (p = 0.001) resistance patterns. Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated a significant increase in resistance to erythromycin (p = 0.01) and ofloxacin, which jumped from 0.80% in 2003 to 80% in 2019 (p = 0.015). No statistically significant increase in antibiotic resistance trend was observed for Pseudomonas. CONCLUSIONS An increasing antibiotic resistance pattern was demonstrated, particularly among gram-positive organisms. Such findings warrant revision of the common ocular antibiotic prescribing strategy and consideration of alternative antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed K Alsarhani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Humoud AlOtaibi
- Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikah AlEraij
- Department of Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bukhari
- Microbiology Department, Clinical Laboratory, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Khabir Ahmad
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Mesfer
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Miura M, Gotoh K, Tanamachi C, Katayama H, Fuketa H, Tomoike H, Kawamura N, Watanabe H, Mihashi M. Microbiological analysis concerning the antibacterial effect of atomized Ionless® hypochlorous acid water in a nursery school environment. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:123-128. [PMID: 37758000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In daycare centers, infants come in close contact with each other, and contact, droplet, and mouth-to-mouth infections may occur owing to sharing of toys. Additional effective disinfection methods should be considered aside from wiping with disinfectants-including alcohol or sodium hypochlorite solution-for environmental disinfection of daycare centers. We aimed to examine the usefulness of hypochlorous acid water atomization in the effective disinfection of the classroom environment and toys at a nursery school. METHODS Environmental cultures of the nursery and toys were prepared to evaluate the species and bacterial load and to assess the contaminated areas. Staphylococcus aureus petri dishes were placed at high-frequency contact sites, and hypochlorous acid water was atomized to achieve a 0.03-ppm atmospheric chlorine concentration. After the atomization, the amount of S. aureus bacteria on the Petri dish and the changes in bacterial count isolated from the environment and toys were evaluated. RESULTS Hypochlorous acid water atomization was performed for 5 h to avoid condensation. After a 3-h atomization, ≥99.99% of S. aureus was eliminated on petri dishes; furthermore, a significant disinfection effect was observed on environmental bacteria at least 1 h after atomization. For rubber and textile toys, the significant disinfection effect was observed 1 h after atomization, and for plastic toys, the effect was observed 3 h after atomization. CONCLUSIONS Hypochlorous acid water atomization is a useful strategy to disinfect nursery school classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Miura
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Kenji Gotoh
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Chiyoko Tanamachi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hideki Katayama
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Fuketa
- Nipro Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 14-1, Minamisakae-cho, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-0057, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tomoike
- Nipro Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 14-1, Minamisakae-cho, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-0057, Japan.
| | - Naohisa Kawamura
- Nipro Corporation, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, 14-1, Minamisakae-cho, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-0057, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Mutsuko Mihashi
- International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1, Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan.
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Vieira JL, de Alencastro RP, Bruno F, da Rocha TS, Piva JP. Death by community-based methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report. CRITICAL CARE SCIENCE 2023; 35:416-420. [PMID: 38265325 PMCID: PMC10802769 DOI: 10.5935/2965-2774.20230078-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Lima Vieira
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento - Porto
Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | - Ruy Pezzi de Alencastro
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Francisco Bruno
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Taís Sica da Rocha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Jefferson Pedro Piva
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
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Snoussi M, Noumi E, Bouali N, Bazaid AS, Alreshidi MM, Altayb HN, Chaieb K. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Human Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Genome-Scale Annotation Approaches. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1124. [PMID: 37317098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus species are major pathogens with increasing importance due to the rise in antibiotic resistance. Whole genome sequencing and genome-scale annotation are promising approaches to study the pathogenicity and dissemination of virulence factors in nosocomial methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care units. Draft genome sequences of eight clinical S. aureus strains were assembled and annotated for the prediction of antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the studied S. aureus strains displayed multi-resistance toward the tested drugs, reaching more than seven drugs up to 12 in isolate S22. The mecA gene was detected in three isolates (S14, S21, and S23), mecC was identified in S8 and S9, and blaZ was commonly identified in all isolates except strain S23. Additionally, two complete mobile genomic islands coding for methicillin resistance SCCmec Iva (2B) were identified in strains S21 and S23. Numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (norA, norC, MgrA, tet(45), APH(3')-IIIa, and AAC(6')-APH(2″)) were identified in chromosomes of different strains. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of blaZ, tetK, and ermC in different plasmid types, located in gene cassettes containing plasmid replicons (rep) and insertion sequences (IS). Additionally, the aminoglycoside-resistant determinants were identified in S1 (APH(3')-IIIa), while AAC(6)-APH(2″) was detected in strains S8 and S14. The trimethoprim (dfrC) resistance gene was detected in S. aureus S21, and the fosfomycin (fosB) resistance gene was detected only in S. aureus S14. We also noted that S. aureus S1 belongs to ST1-t127, which has been reported as one of the most frequent human pathogen types. Additionally, we noted the presence of rare plasmid-mediated mecC-MRSA in some of our isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical, Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa M Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environmental and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Priputnevich TV, Deryusheva EI, Nemashkalova EL, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Panin AN, Melnikov VG, Suzina NE, Nikonov IN, Selina MV, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. Limosilactobacillus fermentum 3872 That Produces Class III Bacteriocin Forms Co-Aggregates with the Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Induces Their Lethal Damage. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030471. [PMID: 36978338 PMCID: PMC10044573 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
LF3872 was isolated from the milk of a healthy lactating and breastfeeding woman. Earlier, the genome of LF3872 was sequenced, and a gene encoding unique bacteriocin was discovered. We have shown here that the LF3872 strain produces a novel thermolabile class III bacteriolysin (BLF3872), exhibiting antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Sequence analysis revealed the two-domain structural (lysozyme-like domain and peptidase M23 domain) organization of BLF3872. At least 25% residues of this protein are expected to be intrinsically disordered. Furthermore, BLF3872 is predicted to have a very high liquid-liquid phase separation. According to the electron microscopy data, the bacterial cells of LF3872 strain form co-aggregates with the S. aureus 8325-4 bacterial cells. LF3872 produced bacteriolysin BLF3872 that lyses the cells of the S. aureus 8325-4 mastitis-inducing strain. The sensitivity of the antibiotic-resistant S. aureus collection strains and freshly isolated antibiotic-resistant strains was tested using samples from women with lactation mastitis; the human nasopharynx and oral cavity; the oropharynx of pigs; and the cows with a diagnosis of clinical mastitis sensitive to the lytic action of the LF3872 strain producing BLF3872. The co-cultivation of LF3872 strain with various antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains for 24 h reduced the level of living cells of these pathogens by six log. The LF3872 strain was found to be able to co-aggregate with all studied S. aureus strains. The cell-free culture supernatant of LF3872 (CSLF3872) induced S. aureus cell damage and ATP leakage. The effectiveness of the bacteriolytic action of LF3872 strain did not depend on the origin of the S. aureus strains. The results reported here are important for the creation of new effective drugs against antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus circulating in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L. Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Selina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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Tabassum H, Gull M, Rasheed A, Bano A, Ejaz H, Javed N. Molecular analysis of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (pvl) gene among MRSA and MSSA isolates. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e250351. [PMID: 36753148 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to determine the frequency of pvl gene among the pathogenic and healthy population isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). For this purpose, nasal swab samples were collected from the healthy individuals (to be used as controls, all the samples were collected irrespective of the sex and age factors), the pathogenic samples were collected from different patients suffering from skin &soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus (to be used as test samples).Both of these population samples were analyzed for the presence of pvl gene. S.aureus were identified through conventional microbiological identification procedures. In the case of normal samples, 70 nasal swabs were collected and only 33 (47%) proved to be S. aureus while 20 pathogenic samples were collected and all (100%) were cleared as S. aureus. For further distribution of samples into MRSA and MSSA, antibiotic susceptibility pattern was checked by using the standard protocols of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two antibiotic discs Oxacillin (OX: 1ug) and cefoxitin (FOX: 30ug) were used. Among healthy population, MRSA was found to be 79% (n=26) and MSSA were present as 21% (n= 7). Among pathogenic strains 100% MRSA was detected where n= 20. Detection of pvl gene among the MRSA and MSSA isolates was done by using the uniplex PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. MRSA and MSSA of normal healthy population carried 49% and 7% pvl gene respectively. While, pathogenic MRSA samples carried 46% pvl gene among them. Potentially alarming percentage of pvl gene is present among the normal healthy individuals which indicates a future threat and a major health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tabassum
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Gull
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Rasheed
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Bano
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Ejaz
- Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Javed
- University of the Punjab, Institute of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Quaide Azam (new) campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Tian L, Jackson K, Chan M, Saif A, He L, Didar TF, Hosseinidoust Z. Phage display for the detection, analysis, disinfection, and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220015. [PMID: 39188734 PMCID: PMC11235639 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has designated Staphylococcus aureus as a global health concern. This designation stems from the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains that already account for hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. The development of novel treatment strategies to eradicate S. aureus or mitigate its pathogenic potential is desperately needed. In the effort to develop emerging strategies to combat S. aureus, phage display is uniquely positioned to assist in this endeavor. Leveraging bacteriophages, phage display enables researchers to better understand interactions between proteins and their antagonists. In doing so, researchers have the capacity to design novel inhibitors, biosensors, disinfectants, and immune modulators that can target specific S. aureus strains. In this review, we highlight how phage display can be leveraged to design novel solutions to combat S. aureus. We further discuss existing uses of phage display as a detection, intervention, and prevention platform against S. aureus and provide outlooks on how this technology can be optimized for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Michael Chan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Ahmed Saif
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Leon He
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease ResearchMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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11
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Shamsi S, Abdul Ghafor AAH, Norjoshukrudin NH, Ng IMJ, Abdullah SNS, Sarchio SNE, Md Yasin F, Abd Gani S, Mohd Desa MN. Stability, Toxicity, and Antibacterial Potential of Gallic Acid-Loaded Graphene Oxide (GAGO) Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5781-5807. [PMCID: PMC9719714 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s369373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impetuous usage of antibiotics has led to the perpetual rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which has garnered the interest of potential drug alternatives, including nanomaterials. Purpose The present study investigates the stability, toxicity, and antibacterial potential of gallic acid-loaded graphene oxide (GAGO) on several MRSA strains. Methods The stability of a synthesized and characterized GAGO was monitored in different physiological media. The toxicity profile of GAGO was evaluated in 3T3 murine fibroblast cells and the embryonic zebrafish model. The antibacterial activity of GAGO against MRSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and community-acquired MRSA; with or without Panton-valentine leucocidin gene (MRSA-pvl+ and MRSA-pvl-) was investigated through disk diffusion, CFU counting method, time-kill experiment, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observation. Results A stable GAGO nanocomposite has shown an improved toxicity profile in 3T3 murine fibroblast cells and zebrafish embryos, besides exhibiting normal ROS levels than graphene oxide (GO) and GA (gallic acid). The nanocomposite inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains employed. The effectiveness of the GAGO nanocomposite was comparable to cefoxitin (CFX), at ≥150 µg/mL in MRSA and MSSA. GAGO exhibited a significantly delayed response towards MRSA-pvl+ and MRSA-pvl-, with increased inhibition following 8 to 24 h of exposure, while comparable activity to native GA was only achieved at 24 h. Meanwhile, for MRSA and MSSA, GAGO had a comparable activity with native GA and GO as early as 2 h of exposure. HRTEM observation further reveals that GAGO-exposed cells were membrane compromised. Conclusion In summary, the present study indicates the antibacterial potential of GAGO against MRSA strains, but further study is warranted to understand the mechanism of action of GAGO and its resistance in MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaili Shamsi
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia,Correspondence: Suhaili Shamsi, Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, Tel +603-9769 7964, Fax +603-9769 7590, Email
| | - Ahmad Ashraful Hadi Abdul Ghafor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hazwani Norjoshukrudin
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ida May Jen Ng
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Sharmila Abdullah
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Abd Gani
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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12
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Sugawara-Mikami M, Kaneko H, Sasaki H, Sagawa N, Kambara T, Nakaminami H. Clinical features and antimicrobial treatment of skin infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1338-1342. [PMID: 36029001 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skin infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially the USA300 clone, have been increasing in Japan. To prevent an epidemic of PVL-positive MRSA, rapid diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy are essential. However, the clinical features of, and antimicrobial efficacy against, these skin infections are not well understood in Japan. Here, we report 10 cases of skin infections caused by PVL-positive MRSA that presented over a two-year period in our clinic. Genetic analyses revealed that 90% of the PVL-positive MRSA strains were identified as USA300 and its related clones. Notably, 70% of the patients had atopic dermatitis (AD) as an underlying disease. Average durations of antimicrobial therapy for AD patients (10.6 weeks) were 2.9-fold longer than those for non-AD patients (3.7 weeks). However, all cases were improved by a long-term course of fosfomycin, minocycline, doxycycline, and/or rifampicin. Our data suggest that AD may be an important risk factor for intractable skin infections caused by PVL-positive MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sugawara-Mikami
- West Yokohama Sugawara Dermatology Clinic, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kambara
- Department of Dermatology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kim BC, Kim H, Lee HS, Kim SH, Cho DH, Jung HJ, Bhatia SK, Yune PS, Joo HS, Kim JS, Kim W, Yang YH. 4-Chloro-2-Isopropyl-5-Methylphenol Exhibits Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:730-739. [PMID: 35586930 PMCID: PMC9628901 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2203.03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe infections and poses a global healthcare challenge. The utilization of novel molecules which confer synergistical effects to existing MRSA-directed antibiotics is one of the well-accepted strategies in lieu of de novo development of new antibiotics. Thymol is a key component of the essential oil of plants in the Thymus and Origanum genera. Despite the absence of antimicrobial potency, thymol is known to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. However, the anti-MRSA activity of thymol analogs is not well characterized. Here, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of several thymol derivatives and found that 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (chlorothymol) has antimicrobial activity against MRSA and in addition it also prevents biofilm formation. Chlorothymol inhibited staphyloxanthin production, slowed MRSA motility, and altered bacterial cell density and size. This compound also showed a synergistic antimicrobial activity with oxacillin against highly resistant S. aureus clinical isolates and biofilms associated with these isolates. Our results demonstrate that chlorinated thymol derivatives should be considered as a new lead compound in anti-MRSA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip S. Yune
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hwang-Soo Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea,
W. Kim Phone: +82-2-3277-3372 Fax: +82-2-3277-4527 E-mail:
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors Y.-H. Yang Phone: +82-2-3277-3372 Fax: +82-2-3437-8360 E-mail:
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14
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Yagi S, Takahashi T, Murakami K, Azuma M, Sugano M, Miyamoto R, Niki M, Yamada H, Kawabata Y, Tani A, Fukuda D, Kadota M, Ise T, Kusunose K, Tobiume T, Matsuura T, Yamaguchi K, Soeki T, Wakatsuki T, Hata H, Sata M. Infective Endocarditis from Furuncle with Meningitis Complication Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Intern Med 2021; 60:3251-3255. [PMID: 33867390 PMCID: PMC8580777 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6902-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) may be acquired in the community as community-acquired (CA) IE or in the healthcare setting. In Japan, cases of CA-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection as skin infection have been increasing. CA-MRSA strains, including the USA300 clone, have higher pathogenicity and are more destructive to tissue than healthcare-associated MRSA strains because of the toxins they produce, including arginine-catabolic mobile element (ACME) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). However, only a few IE cases induced by USA300 have been reported. We herein report a 64-year-old man who developed CA-IE from a furuncle caused by USA300 MRSA producing PVL and ACME, which resulted in complications of meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Human Resource Development, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
- Shikoku Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Keiji Murakami
- Infection Control Team, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Momoyo Azuma
- Infection Control Team, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mikio Sugano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Mariko Niki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Kadota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ise
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomomi Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Wakatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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15
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Jiang Z, Nero T, Mukherjee S, Olson R, Yan J. Searching for the Secret of Stickiness: How Biofilms Adhere to Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686793. [PMID: 34305846 PMCID: PMC8295476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of cells enclosed in an extracellular polymeric matrix in which cells adhere to each other and to foreign surfaces. The development of a biofilm is a dynamic process that involves multiple steps, including cell-surface attachment, matrix production, and population expansion. Increasing evidence indicates that biofilm adhesion is one of the main factors contributing to biofilm-associated infections in clinics and biofouling in industrial settings. This review focuses on describing biofilm adhesion strategies among different bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Techniques used to characterize biofilm adhesion are also reviewed. An understanding of biofilm adhesion strategies can guide the development of novel approaches to inhibit or manipulate biofilm adhesion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Nero
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sampriti Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rich Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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16
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Bhat AH. Bacterial zoonoses transmitted by household pets and as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104891. [PMID: 33878397 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous individuals are committed to growing pet creatures like cats, dogs, and rats etc., pay care for them and as a result of this, there's a boost of their populace in advanced culture. The close interaction between family pets and individuals offers ideal conditions for bacterial transmission. Distinctive sorts of antimicrobial agents are exploited for animal husbandry and studies have revealed that many bacteria have attained confrontation against them viz., Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi etc. and a few of these are a prospective for zoonotic transmission. In the current review, the attention has been paid on how household pets, especially dogs disperse the antimicrobial resistance in contrast to that of food animals. A lot of evidences are accessible on food animals and nation-wide scrutiny programmes solely hub on food animals; therefore, for steerage antimicrobial use policy in small animal veterinary exercise as well as for gauging the chance of transmission of antimicrobial resistance to humans' statistics on pet animals are sincerely needed. Transmission of such organisms, especially pathogenic staphylococci, occurs between pets, owners, and veterinary staff, and pets can act as reservoirs of such bacteria; this may additionally have an impact on the use of antimicrobials in human medicine. There is a need to generate statistics concerning each the levels of carriage of such microorganism in pets and the risk factors associated with the switch of the microorganism to human beings who have contact with infected pets, as nicely as to improve hygiene measures in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Billawar, 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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17
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Shih HI, Chang CM, Shen FC, Lee YJ, Wu CH, Hsu HC, Chi CY. High prevalence nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among long term care facility healthcare workers in relation to patient contact. Infect Prev Pract 2021; 3:100117. [PMID: 34368736 PMCID: PMC8336196 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important source of transmission of MRSA. We conducted a prospective study to define the frequency of S. aureus nasal colonization with emphasis on the carriage of MRSA in HCWs in relation to the intensity of patient contact. Methods Out-of-hospital care emergency medical technicians and students, and HCWs in the emergency department, intensive care unit and a long-term care facility (LTCF) were enrolled to compare the prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) nasal colonization. The MRSA isolates were further identified by their microbiological and molecular characteristics. Findings S. aureus was isolated from 63 of 248 HCWs (25.4%). The overall MRSA nasal carriage rate was 15/248, 6%, and the prevalence was higher in the HCWs who had worked for 5–10 years (12.8%), and among female HCWs (10.3%) than male HCWs (0.9%). LTCFs had the highest prevalence (12%). In contrast, the overall carriage of MSSA was 48/248, 19.4%, and most carriers worked for ≥5 years (52.1%). Hospital nurses had the highest rate of MSSA carriage (21.4%). Most of the MRSA isolates were SCCmec IV/ST59 or ST45 (60%), and were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (53%). Conclusions Hospital nurses have highest S. aureus nasal carriage, whereas HCWs in the LTCFs comprise a significant reservoir of MRSA colonization. The differences in the characteristics of MRSA and MSSA nasal carriage among HCWs highlights the importance on long-term nasal screening of S. aureus in healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Shen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu Hui Wu
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Paediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,The Doctoral Degree Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Alothman A, Al Thaqafi A, Al Ansary A, Zikri A, Fayed A, Khamis F, Al Salman J, Al Dabal L, Khalife N, AlMusawi T, Alfouzan W, El Zein S, Kotb R, Ghoneim Y, Kanj SS. Prevalence of infections and antimicrobial use in the acute-care hospital setting in the Middle East: Results from the first point-prevalence survey in the region. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 101:249-258. [PMID: 33031939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community-acquired (CAIs) and healthcare-associated (HAIs) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Data related to the epidemiology of these infections in the Middle East is scarce. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of infections and antimicrobial use in the acute hospital setting in this region. METHODS A multicentre Point-Prevalence Survey was conducted in seven Middle Eastern countries: Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain. Data were collected by the infection control and infectious diseases teams of the respective hospitals. Study surveys were completed in one day (03 April 2018). RESULTS The overall point prevalence of infection was 28.3%; HAI and CAI point prevalence was 11.2% and 16.8%, respectively. The majority of patients with an infection (98.2%) were receiving antimicrobial therapy. There were high levels of resistance to antimicrobials among Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Klebsiella sp. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the point prevalence of both HAI and CAI is high in a sample of Middle Eastern countries. These findings along with the increased use of antimicrobials represent a significant public health problem in the region; particularly in light of the growing regional antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alothman
- National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Al Thaqafi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Zikri
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Fayed
- Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Tariq AlMusawi
- King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha Alfouzan
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Said El Zein
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramy Kotb
- Pfizer, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Souha S Kanj
- American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon.
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19
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Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive novel sequence type 5959 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction in a 1-month-old infant. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:103-106. [PMID: 32988732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a pathogen of major importance in pediatric patients. CA-MRSA can cause skin and soft tissue infection in children and young active adults with no predisposing factors, and life-threatening infections such as meningitis or necrotizing pneumonia have been reported. We report here a case of CA-MRSA meningitis complicated by acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in a previously healthy 1-month-old Vietnamese boy. He was firstly treated with vancomycin, but changed to linezolid because of persistent fever and low vancomycin trough level. He recovered successfully with residual right-sided hemiparesis. The mode of transmission of CA-MRSA and the mechanism of cerebral infarction (thrombotic or embolic) were unknown. The isolate was genotyped as staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type V with a novel sequence type (ST) 5959 harboring the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. ST 5959 is a double locus variant of ST 59, which is a major PVL-positive CA-MRSA strain isolated in invasive disease in Asian countries. This case report may serve as a warning about the dissemination of PVL-positive CA-MRSA in and around Japan, with the possibility of causing serious life-threatening disease. The potential of linezolid for the treatment of MRSA meningitis as one of the alternative MRSA therapeutic drugs is also discussed.
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20
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Yadegarynia D, Tehrani S, Nasiri M. Community- and Health Care-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Tehran, Iran: Comparison of drug resistance and virulence determinants. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:553-557. [PMID: 32957895 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520999200918125432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause serious infections not only in hospitals but also in the community. The present study was aimed to characterize drug resistance and virulence determinants of community-associated (CA) MRSA isolate compared with healthcare-associated (HA) MRSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 44 patients with HA-MRSA and 11 patients with CA-MRSA infection (median age, 72 years) were included. The clinical isolates of MRSA were subjected to molecular analysis of virulence genes and drug susceptibility testing. RESULTS Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) exotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) genes were disproportionately distributed between CA- and HA-isolates. PVL genes were more likely to be found among CA-isolates (36.4%) than HAisolates (18.2). TSST genes were identified in only 2 CA-MRSA isolates tested (18.2%) compared with 9 HA-isolate (20.5%). Exfoliative toxin-b gene was negative in all isolates, however, one HA-isolate was positive for exfoliative toxin-a. mec-A gene was present in all clinical isolates. CA-isolates were more likely to be susceptible to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and vancomycin compared with HA-isolates. Vancomycin-intermediate resistance was found in 2 HAisolates. All clinical isolates were also resistant to clindamycin. CONCLUSIONS CA- and HA- MRSA isolates are epidemiologically and microbiologically distinct. Thus, the strategies to prevent and treat these infections would be different. Patients with CA- and HA-MRSA infections should be treated effectively and receive follow-up evaluation to ensure resolution of their infection. Surveillance studies should be conducted to determine the extent of CA- and HA-MRSA dissemination in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Yadegarynia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Shabnam Tehrani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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21
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Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091141. [PMID: 32825203 PMCID: PMC7555242 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With this scope, 88 different heavy swine farms were surveyed, obtaining a total of n = 440 animal swabs and n = 150 environmental swabs. A total of n = 87 MRSA isolates were obtained, with an overall MRSA incidence of 17.50% (n = 77) among animal samples and a 6.67% (n = 10) among environmental. Molecular characterisation using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) plus spa-typing showed that sequence type ST398/t899 and ST398/t011 were the most commonly isolated genotypes, although other relevant sequence types such as ST1 or ST97 were also found. A lack of susceptibility to penicillins, tetracycline and ceftiofur was detected in >91.95, 85.05 and 48.28% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to doxycycline (32.18%), enrofloxacin (27.59%) and gentamicin (25.29%) was also observed. Additionally, a remarkable level of antibiotic multiresistance (AMR) was observed representing a 77.01% (n = 67) of the obtained isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that 97.70% and 77.01% of the isolates harboured at least one antibiotic resistance or enterotoxin gene, respectively, pointing out a high isolate virulence potential. Lastly, 55.17% (n = 48) were able to produce measurable amounts of biofilm after 24 h. In spite of the current programmes for antibiotic reduction in intensively farming, a still on-going high level of AMR and virulence potential in MRSA was demonstrated, making this pathogen a serious risk in swine production chain, highlighting once more the need to develop efficient, pathogen-specific control strategies.
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22
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Jiménez F, Palma J, Sánchez G, Marín D, Francisco Palacios MD, Lucía López MD. Feature selection based multivariate time series forecasting: An application to antibiotic resistance outbreaks prediction. Artif Intell Med 2020; 104:101818. [PMID: 32498998 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most important health problems and global action plans have been proposed globally. Prevention plays a key role in these actions plan and, in this context, we propose the use of Artificial Intelligence, specifically Time Series Forecasting techniques, for predicting future outbreaks of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Infection incidence forecasting is approached as a Feature Selection based Time Series Forecasting problem using multivariate time series composed of incidence of Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-sensible and MRSA infections, influenza incidence and total days of therapy of both of Levofloxacin and Oseltamivir antimicrobials. Data were collected from the University Hospital of Getafe (Spain) from January 2009 to January 2018, using months as time granularity. The main contributions of the work are the following: the applications of wrapper feature selection methods where the search strategy is based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) along with evaluators based on the most powerful state-of-the-art regression algorithms. The performance of the feature selection methods has been measured using the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) performance metrics. A novel multi-criteria decision-making process is proposed in order to select the most satisfactory forecasting model, using the metrics previously mentioned, as well as the slopes of model prediction lines in the 1, 2 and 3 steps-ahead predictions. The multi-criteria decision-making process is applied to the best models resulting from a ranking of databases and regression algorithms obtained through multiple statistical tests. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a feature selection based multivariate time series methodology is proposed for antibiotic resistance forecasting. Final results show that the best model according to the proposed multi-criteria decision making process provides a RMSE = (0.1349, 0.1304, 0.1325) and a MAE = (0.1003, 0.096, 0.0987) for 1, 2, and 3 steps-ahead predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Jiménez
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - José Palma
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Gracia Sánchez
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - David Marín
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - M D Francisco Palacios
- Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering Group, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Spain
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23
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Kaku N, Ohnishi T, Matsumoto T, Watanabe S, Yanagihara K. Molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin and soft tissue infections collected in the Japanese nationwide surveillance. J Dermatol 2019; 46:1205-1209. [PMID: 31553075 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common infection among both outpatients and inpatients. The most frequently isolated bacterium in SSTI was Staphylococcus aureus, a quarter of which was methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In this study, to investigate molecular epidemiology of the 141 MRSA strains collected in the Japanese nationwide surveillance, we performed multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and virulence genes. The percentage of SCCmec types I, II, III and IV was 1.4%, 52.5%, 5.7% and 40.4%, respectively. According to the SCCmec type, we classified the strains into health-care-associated (HA)-MRSA (n = 84) and community-associated (CA)-MRSA (n = 57). Among the virulence genes, the percentage of enterotoxin C gene-positive strains was significantly higher in CA-MRSA than in HA-MRSA. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of antibiotic susceptibility and patients' background information, classification of SSTI or symptoms of SSTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ohnishi
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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24
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Kobayashi T, Nakaminami H, Ohtani H, Yamada K, Nasu Y, Takadama S, Noguchi N, Fujii T, Matsumoto T. An outbreak of severe infectious diseases caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone among hospitalized patients and nursing staff in a tertiary care university hospital. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:76-81. [PMID: 31375457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The USA300 clone, which produces Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), is a major highly pathogenic community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clone that is spreading throughout the world. Although the prevalence of the USA300 clone in Japan was very limited a decade ago, its incidence has been increasing in both community and hospital settings in recent years. There is great concern that the USA300 clone will cause more complicated diseases and become a serious threat to immunocompromised patients in hospital settings. Here, we report an outbreak of severe infectious diseases in a tertiary care university hospital involving the incidence of deep infections, including bacteremia, and continuous and frequent isolation of MRSA strains for five months from six patients and a healthy nursing staff member in the same ward. The genotype of all MRSA isolates was identical to that of the USA300 clone. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that all MRSA had the same patterns. These data demonstrate that a USA300 clone outbreak had occurred in the hospital. Fortunately, this outbreak was terminated subsequent to the interventions of the infection control team and all patients recovered following the appropriate therapies. Our report demonstrates that patients carrying highly pathogenic CA-MRSA have the potential to become a source of nosocomial outbreaks that can spread to healthy healthcare workers. Therefore, stricter standard precautions should be applied for all patients at the time of admission to prevent such nosocomial outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtani
- Division of General Medicine, Tachikawa Sogo Hospital, 4-1 Midori-Cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamada
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nasu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takadama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita City, Chiba Prefecture, 286-8686, Japan.
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25
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Maezawa Y, Nakaminami H, Takadama S, Hayashi M, Wajima T, Nakase K, Yamada T, Ikoshi H, Noguchi N. Tokiinshi, a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), suppresses Panton-Valentine leukocidin production in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214470. [PMID: 30921402 PMCID: PMC6438529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to develop agents other than antimicrobials for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Particularly, anti-virulence agents against the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), USA300 clone, is desired due to its high pathogenicity. Here, we investigated the potential anti-virulence effect of Tokiinshi, which is a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) used for skin diseases, against the USA300 clone. A growth inhibition assay showed that a conventional dose (20 mg/ml) of Tokiinshi has bactericidal effects against the clinical USA300 clones. Notably, the growth inhibition effects of Tokiinshi against S. epidermidis strains, which are the major constituents of the skin microbiome, was a bacteriostatic effect. The data suggested that Tokiinshi is unlikely to affect skin flora of S. epidermidis. Furthermore, PVL production and the expression of its gene were significantly suppressed in the USA300 clone by a lower concentration (5 mg/ml) of Tokiinshi. This did not affect the number of viable bacteria. Moreover, Tokiinshi significantly suppressed the expression of the agrA gene, which regulates PVL gene expression. For the first time, our findings strongly suggest that Tokiinshi has the potential to attenuate the virulence of the USA300 clone by suppressing PVL production via agrA gene suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Maezawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shunsuke Takadama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakase
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ikoshi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Uehara Y, Sasaki T, Baba T, Lu Y, Imajo E, Sato Y, Tanno S, Furuichi M, Kawada M, Hiramatsu K. Regional outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST834 in Japanese children. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 30626342 PMCID: PMC6327381 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection has recently become a challenging problem worldwide and in Japan. We experienced 10 pediatric patients infected with CA-MRSA and hospitalized from 2011 to 2014 in a tertiary care hospital in Saitama, Japan, and assessed the characteristic of the strains using a whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based approach. Methods CA-MRSA strains isolated from infected patients who required hospitalization for treatment were evaluated in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, molecular typing by PCR and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to characterize MRSA strains. WGS was performed for detailed genetic analysis. Results A total of 582 MRSA strains (35.2%) were identified among 1625 S. aureus strains collected during the study period. Ten MRSA strains (1.7%) were defined as CA-MRSA clinically, and all were isolated from pediatric patients. All strains mainly caused purulent lymphadenitis, were susceptible to fluoroquinolone and tetracycline, exhibited sequence type (ST) 834 or its single-locus variants and contained staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVc. Phylogenic analysis by PFGE and WGS revealed close relatedness of all strains, with the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms ranging from 35 to 119 by WGS. Out of the ten strains, nine possessed the genomic island SaPISaitama2 containing tst, sec and sel genes. SaPISaitama2 comprises a mosaic of genomic islands SaPIm4 and SaPIm1 harbored by a hospital-associated MRSA strain Mu50. Conclusions This study describes a regional outbreak of ST834-related CA-MRSA in children with a unique pathogenicity island in Japan. Pediatric patient tropism of this clone could be enhanced by susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, which cannot be prescribed to children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3646-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Infection Control Science Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tadashi Baba
- Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Infection Control Science Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yujie Lu
- Infection Control Science Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Imajo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, 2460, Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama, 336-8522, Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, 2460, Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama, 336-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, 2460, Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama, 336-8522, Japan
| | - Munehiro Furuichi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saitama City Hospital, 2460, Mimuro, Midori-ku, Saitama, 336-8522, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Infection Control Science Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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27
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Harada T, Taguchi M, Kawahara R, Kanki M, Kawatsu K. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens in Ready-to-Eat Foods Retailed in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1450-1458. [PMID: 30080122 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential human health risk of Japanese ready-to-eat (RTE) foods was investigated by determining the contamination by foodborne bacterial pathogens, the prevalence of opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates recovered from 96 samples of lightly pickled vegetables, 88 samples of Western-style desserts, and 98 samples of RTE fish and seafood products sold at retail in Osaka, Japan. Staphylococcus aureus, including isolates producing staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE), were isolated from six lightly pickled vegetable products, seven Western-style dessert products, and three RTE fish and seafood products. Of these isolates, one SEC-producing isolate from a cake was identified as community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which was multilocus sequence type 8 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV. Enterobacteriaceae species, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii-Citrobacter braakii, and/or the Enterobacter cloacae complex, were isolated from 92 (95.8%) of the lightly pickled vegetable products, 39 (44.3%) of the Western-style dessert products, and 74 (75.5%) of the RTE fish and seafood products. On the basis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the opportunistic and nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, the third-generation cephalosporin, fosfomycin, and quinolone resistance determinants were investigated. We detected AmpC products of the CIT group and a qnrB9 product in 5 and 1 C. freundii-C. braakii isolates, respectively, and fosA gene products in 15 E. cloacae complex isolates. Because RTE foods are consumed without a heating process, the spread of bacterial pathogens from contaminated food to human consumers is possible. RTE foods must be handled using hygienic procedures from the processing steps to the table to reduce the prevalence of potentially pathogenic or pathogenic bacteria and to prevent bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Harada
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masumi Taguchi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanki
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawatsu
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
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28
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Harada D, Nakaminami H, Miyajima E, Sugiyama T, Sasai N, Kitamura Y, Tamura T, Kawakubo T, Noguchi N. Change in genotype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects the antibiogram of hospital-acquired MRSA. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:563-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Nakaminami H, Takadama S, Ito A, Hasegawa M, Jono C, Noguchi M, Shoshi M, Wajima T, Fujii T, Maruyama H, Sakamoto H, Ito Y, Okamoto S, Masaki Y, Tsuchiya K, Nishinarita S, Noguchi N. Characterization of SCC mec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones increased in Japanese hospitals. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:769-774. [PMID: 29676727 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV isolates, which are the major community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have increased in Japanese hospitals. The aim of this study was to elucidate the detailed molecular epidemiological features of the SCCmec type IV clones in Japanese hospitals. When 2589 MRSA isolated from four hospitals in Tokyo, Japan between 2010 and 2014 were analysed, the proportion of SCCmec type IV overtook that of type II, which was the major type of hospital-acquired MRSA in 2014. Multilocus sequence typing showed that CC1 was the most predominant clone in the SCCmec type IV isolates. The clinical departments that the patients belonged to, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles suggested that the origin of the CC1-SCCmec type IV (CC1-IV) clone was a community setting. Our data show that the CC1-IV clone is becoming a predominant MRSA clone in Japanese hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takadama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mariko Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chika Jono
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miyuki Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Manami Shoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, 1-7-1 Nagayama, Tama, Tokyo 206-8512, Japan
| | - Haruo Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Digestive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, 3256 Midori, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-0014, Japan
| | - Satsuki Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fussa Hospital, 1-6-1 Kamidaira, Fussa, Tokyo 197-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Ome Municipal General Hospital, 4-16-5 Higashiome, Ome, Tokyo 198-0042, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuchiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tachikawa Sogo Hospital, 1-16-15 Nishiki, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8578, Japan
| | - Susumu Nishinarita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akiru Municipal Medical Center, 78-1 Hikita, Akiruno, Tokyo 197-0834, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Tanaka J, Hirayama F, Yanase S, Uno S, Nakae T, Kamizono A, Hanaki H. Effective concentration of intravenous immunoglobulin for neutralizing Panton-Valentine leukocidin in human blood. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:383-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dissemination of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in multiple hospitals in Tokyo, Japan. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1211.e1-1211.e7. [PMID: 29454850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene (lukS/F-PV)-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly the USA300 clone, is a health concern worldwide. Recently, community-acquired MRSA clones have been found to spread and persist in hospital settings. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular epidemiologic features of lukS/F-PV-positive MRSA in Japanese hospitals. METHODS A total of 3433 MRSA isolated from nine hospitals in 2011-2015 were assessed. Molecular epidemiologic analysis performed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, PVL typing, arginine catabolic mobile element typing, detection of virulence determinants, multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS The detection rate of lukS/F-PV was increased annually from 0.6% (5/817) in 2011 to 3.1% (17/544) in 2015. Molecular epidemiologic analysis for 64 lukS/F-PV-positive MRSA isolates revealed that 42 isolates (65.6%) were the USA300 clone. Resistance rates of levofloxacin and gentamicin among lukS/F-PV-positive isolates increased annually as a result of increased prevalence of the multidrug-resistant USA300 clone. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on dissemination of the USA300 clone and PVL-positive MRSA in multiple Japanese hospitals. Our data strongly suggest that the USA300 clone may become epidemic in Japanese hospitals.
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Medina MFE, Alaba PA, Estrada-Zuñiga ME, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Salem MZM, Alonso-Fresán MU, Camacho-Díaz LM, Salem AZM. Anti-staphylococcal properties of four plant extracts against sensitive and multi-resistant bacterial strains isolated from cattle and rabbits. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:286-294. [PMID: 29101063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the biopotency of methanolic extracts of Vitex mollis, Psidium guajava, Dalbergia retusa, and Crescential alata leaves against various staphylococcal strains isolated from cattle and rabbits. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were isolated from cattle, while other strains were isolated from rabbits using standard methodology. The total phytochemical phenolic and saponins contents were obtained being the main groups of the antinutritional factors. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the standard culture of S. aureus (control) and S. aureus isolated from cattle and rabbits were investigated comparatively relative to that of oxacillin. It was found that both the control S. aureus and the isolated S. aureus are susceptible to all the four plant extracts, and sensitive to oxacillin. Of all the S. aureus including the control, MRSA2 is the most susceptible to all the extracts at 1000 μg/mL, except that of V. mollis where it is the least susceptible. Among all the plant extracts, P. guajava is the most active against MRSA2 and SOSA2. Therefore, the isolates from cattle (MRSA1 and MRSA2) are more susceptible to all the plant extracts than the isolates from rabbits. Among all the rabbit isolates, CoNS3 is the least susceptible to the extracts. Since all the plant extracts exhibit remarkable inhibitory activities against all the S. aureus strains, they are promising towards the production of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Adeniyi Alaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Valente Velázquez-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mohmaed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - María Uxúa Alonso-Fresán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Camacho-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Km. 3.5 Carretera Cd. Altamirano-Iguala, CP 40660 Cd. Altamirano, Guerrero, Mexico.
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Sato T, Usui M, Konishi N, Kai A, Matsui H, Hanaki H, Tamura Y. Closely related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail meat, cows with mastitis, and humans in Japan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187319. [PMID: 29084288 PMCID: PMC5662215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pervasive healthcare-acquired (HA) pathogen with recent emergence as a community-acquired (CA) pathogen. To elucidate whether meat mediates MRSA transmission between animals and humans in Japan, this study examined MRSA isolates from retail meat (n = 8), cows with mastitis (n = 7), and humans (HA-MRSA = 46 and CA-MRSA = 54) by molecular typing, virulence gene analyses, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MRSA isolates from retail meat were classified into sequence type (ST) 8/spa type t1767 (n = 4), ST8/t4133 (n = 1), ST59/t3385 (n = 1), ST88/t375 (n = 1), and ST509/t375 (n = 1). All seven MRSA isolates from cows with mastitis were ST8/t1767. 46 HA-MRSA were clonal complex (CC) 5, divided into t002 (n = 30), t045 (n = 12), and t7455 (n = 4). 54 CA-MRSA were classified into 6 different CCs: CC1 (n = 14), CC5 (n = 7), CC8 (n = 29), CC45 (n = 1), CC89 (n = 1), CC509 (n = 1), and into 16 different spa types including newly identified t17177, t17193, and t17194. The majority were CC8/t1767 (n = 16). CC of one CA-MRSA isolate (spa type t1767) was not classified. Among 41 CC8 MRSA (five from meat, seven from cows with mastitis, and 29 CA-MRSA), 14 ST8/SCCmec IVl isolates (three from meat, one from a cow with mastitis, and 10 CA-MRSA) had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and similar spa type (t1767, t4133, and t17177), and were typed as CA-MRSA/J (ST8/SCCmec IVl, positive for sec + sel + tst but negative for Panton–Valentine leukocidin and the arginine catabolic mobile element). These results suggest that there is a transmission cycle of CA-MRSA/J among meat, cows, and humans in Japan, although it is unclear whether the origin is cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Kai
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsui
- Infection Control Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Khairalla AS, Wasfi R, Ashour HM. Carriage frequency, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dental health-care personnel, patients, and environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7390. [PMID: 28784993 PMCID: PMC5547136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in dental clinics. 1300 specimens from patients, health personnel, and environmental surfaces of a dental clinic in Egypt were tested for MRSA. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, SCCmec typing, and PCR-based assays were used to detect mecA, mecC, vanA, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) genes. Among 34 mecA-positive MRSA isolates, five (14.7%) were PVL-positive, seventeen (50%) were tst-positive, ten (29.4%) were vanA-positive, while none harboured mecC. MRSA hand carriage rates in patients, nurses, and dentists were 9.8%, 6.6%, and 5%. The respective nasal colonization rates were 11.1%, 6.7%, and 9.7%. 1.3% of the environmental isolates were MRSA-positive. Strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates represented 23.5% and 29.4% of MRSA isolates. 24 MRSA isolates (70.6%) were multi-resistant and 18 (52.9%) harboured SCCmec IV. Among eight spa types, t223 (26.5%), t267 (23.5%), and t14339 (23.5%) were predominant. We noted an alarming genetic relatedness between 7 (20.6%) MRSA isolates and the epidemic EMRSA-15 clone, as well as a combined occurrence of tst and PVL in 3 (8.8%) isolates. Results suggest high MRSA pathogenicity in dental wards highlighting the need for more efficient surveillance/infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Khairalla
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lin S, Melki S, Lisgaris MV, Ahadizadeh EN, Zender CA. Post-operative MRSA infections in head and neck surgery. Am J Otolaryngol 2017; 38:417-421. [PMID: 28478091 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical site infection (SSI) with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious post-operative complication, with head and neck cancer patients at greater risk due to the nature of their disease. Infection with MRSA has been shown to be costly and impart worse outcomes on patients who are affected. This study investigates incidence and risks for MRSA SSIs at a tertiary medical institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study reviewed 577 head and neck procedures from 2008 to 2013. Twenty-one variables (i.e. tumor characteristics, patient demographics, operative course, cultures) were analyzed with SPSS to identify trends. A multivariate analysis controlled for confounders (age, BMI, ASA class, length of stay) was completed. RESULTS We identified 113 SSIs of 577 procedures, 24 (21.23%) of which were MRSA. Of all analyzed variables, hospital exposure within the preceding year was a significant risk factor for MRSA SSI development (OR 2.665, 95% CI: 1.06-6.69, z statistic 2.086, p=0.0369). Immunosuppressed patients were more prone to MRSA infections (OR 14.1250, 95%CI: 3.8133-52.3217, p<0.001), and patients with a history of chemotherapy (OR 3.0268, 95% CI: 1.1750-7.7968, p=0.0218). Furthermore, MRSA SSI resulted in extended post-operative hospital stays (20.8±4.72days, p=0.031). CONCLUSIONS Patients who have a history of chemotherapy, immunosuppression, or recent hospital exposure prior to their surgery are at higher risk of developing MRSA-specific SSI and may benefit from prophylactic antibiotic therapy with appropriate coverage. Additionally, patients who develop MRSA SSIs are likely to have an extended postoperative inpatient stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lin
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sami Melki
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michelle V Lisgaris
- Department of Medicine - Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily N Ahadizadeh
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chad A Zender
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Takemori T, Nakamura O, Yamagami Y, Nishimura H, Kawamoto T, Akisue T, Yamamoto T. A rare case of acute osteomyelitis due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a young healthy adult. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 33:4-7. [PMID: 28259072 PMCID: PMC5334497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections affect skin or soft tissues, while invasive and life-threatening illnesses including osteomyelitis are less common. CA-MRSA infections occur especially in the pediatric age group, while the occurrence of CA-MRSA osteomyelitis in adults is uncommonly reported. PRESENTATION OF CASES A rare case of acute osteomyelitis of the femur caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive CA-MRSA in a 37-year-old man in good health is presented. A pure bone biopsy revealed extensive inflammation, suggestive of acute osteomyelitis, with no evidence of neoplasm, and PVL-positive MRSA was isolated from the culture. Antibiotic treatment, with 6 weeks of intravenous vancomycin and 4 weeks of clindamycin, followed by 2 weeks of oral linezolid, was given, and 2 years after treatment completion, there has been no relapse of infection. CONCLUSION This case strongly suggests that we need to be aware of CA-MRSA osteomyelitis, which requires a high level of suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takemori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 658-0017, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Yamagami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nishimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 658-0017, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 658-0017, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Mitsumoto-Kaseida F, Murata M, Toyoda K, Morokuma Y, Kiyosuke M, Kang D, Furusyo N. Clinical and pathogenic features of SCCmec type II and IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:90-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hung WC, Wan TW, Kuo YC, Yamamoto T, Tsai JC, Lin YT, Hsueh PR, Teng LJ. Molecular Evolutionary Pathways toward Two Successful Community-Associated but Multidrug-Resistant ST59 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineages in Taiwan: Dynamic Modes of Mobile Genetic Element Salvages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162526. [PMID: 27606427 PMCID: PMC5015870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal complex 59 (CC59) Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan includes both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). As the most prominent community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) in Taiwan, CC59 has two major clones characterized as PVL-negative SCCmec IV (carrying the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IV but Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative) and PVL-positive SCCmec V (5C2&5). We investigated the drug resistance, phylogeny and the distribution and sequence variation of SCCmec, staphylococcal bacteriophage φSA3, genomic island νSaβ and MES (an enterococcal mobile genetic element conferring multidrug resistance) in 195 CC59 S. aureus. Sequencing and PCR mapping revealed that all of the CC59/SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA strains had acquired MESPM1 or its segregants, and obtained a φSA3-related fragment in νSaβ. In contrast, MES6272-2 and MES4578, which showed gentamicin resistance that was not encoded by MESPM1, were dominant in SCCmec IVg MRSA. Translocation of a whole φSA3 into νSaβ instead of only a φSA3-related fragment was common in SCCmec IVg MRSA. However, the non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA (SCCmec IVa is the major) still carried MES and νSaβ structures similar to those in SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA. A minimum spanning tree constructed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis revealed that SCCmec IVg MRSA and SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA grouped respectively in two major clades. The CC59 MSSA was equally distributed among the two clades, while the non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA mostly clustered with SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA. Our findings strongly suggest that CC59 MSSA acquired divergent mobile genetic elements and evolved to SCCmec IVg MRSA and SCCmec V (5C2&5) MRSA/non-subtype-g SCCmec IV MRSA independently. The evolutionary history of CC59 S. aureus explains how mobile genetic elements increase the antimicrobial resistance and virulence and contribute to the success of CA-MRSA in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wen Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Genomics, and Evolution, International Medical Education and Research Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A. A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:150-9. [PMID: 27651848 PMCID: PMC5012080 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) include blistering of skin on superficial layers due to the exfoliative toxins released from Staphylococcus aureus. After the acute exfoliation of skin surface, erythematous cellulitis occurs. The SSSS may be confined to few blisters localized to the infection site and spread to severe exfoliation affecting complete body. The specific antibodies to exotoxins and increased clearence of exotoxins decrease the frequency of SSSS in adults. Immediate medication with parenteral anti-staphylococcal antibiotics is mandatory. Mostly, SSSS are resistant to penicillin. Penicillinase resistant synthetic penicillins such as Nafcillin or Oxacillin are prescribed as emergency treatment medicine. If Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is suspected), antibiotics with MRSA coverage (e.g., Vancomycin or Linezolid) are indicated. Clindamycin is considered as drug of choice to stop the production of exotoxin from bacteria ribosome. The use of Ringer solution to to balance the fluid loss, followed by maintainence therapy with an objective to maintain the fluid loss from exfoliation of skin, application of Cotrimoxazole on topical surface are greatlly considered to treat the SSSS. The drugs that reduce renal function are avoided. Through this article, an attempt has been made to focus the source, etiology, mechanism, outbreaks, mechanism, clinical manisfestation, treatment and other detail of SSSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Mishra
- Central Facility of Instrumentation, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, 244102, India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- Central Facility of Instrumentation, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, 244102, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Central Facility of Instrumentation, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, 244102, India
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among primary school-aged children from Jordan: prevalence, antibiotic resistance and molecular characteristics. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2016; 89:114-8. [PMID: 25534175 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000454671.83406.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increases the risk for subsequent infections with an increased mortality and morbidity. Children were suggested to be a major asymptomatic reservoir for community-associated (CA) MRSA with an ability to quickly spread the MRSA within community. Therefore, the availability of epidemiological and antibiotic susceptibility data of CA-MRSA will be useful for the infection control and management policies. This study aimed to assess the nasal carriage, molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of MRSA in primary school-aged children from Jordan. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 210 nasal swabs were collected from children aged 6-11 years. Isolated MRSA and its SCCmec typing, Spa type and PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukociden) toxin were identified following culture, biochemical and PCR. Antibiogram was determined by the disc diffusion method. RESULTS The prevalence of CA-MRSA was 7.1%. Allergic rhinitis and recent antibiotic exposure were the only significant risk factors for MRSA nasal carriage among children. Resistance to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline was 33.4, 20 and 13.4%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to the remaining non-β-lactam antibiotics used in this study, in particular linezolid and mupirocin. All MRSA isolates were SCCmec type IV and PVL toxin negative and the majority were Spa type t223. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This is the first study to assess the MRSA prevalence among children aged 6-11 years in Jordan. The prevalence in community children is within the range compared with other studies in other countries. The antibiogram, SCCmec and Spa types of the isolated MRSA are much similar to what was found previously in Jordan. However, all isolates were PVL toxin negative. The study recommends increasing the public awareness of MRSA and the proper antibiotics dispensing. Future studies to follow-up on the changing epidemiology of the CA-MRSA in Jordan are also recommended.
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Dutter BF, Mike LA, Reid PR, Chong KM, Ramos-Hunter SJ, Skaar EP, Sulikowski GA. Decoupling Activation of Heme Biosynthesis from Anaerobic Toxicity in a Molecule Active in Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1354-61. [PMID: 26890615 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules active in the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus are valuable tools for the study of its basic biology and pathogenesis, and many molecules may provide leads for novel therapeutics. We have previously reported a small molecule, 1, which activates endogenous heme biosynthesis in S. aureus, leading to an accumulation of intracellular heme. In addition to this novel activity, 1 also exhibits toxicity towards S. aureus growing under fermentative conditions. To determine if these activities are linked and establish what features of the molecule are required for activity, we synthesized a library of analogs around the structure of 1 and screened them for activation of heme biosynthesis and anaerobic toxicity to investigate structure-activity relationships. The results of this analysis suggest that these activities are not linked. Furthermore, we have identified the structural features that promote each activity and have established two classes of molecules: activators of heme biosynthesis and inhibitors of anaerobic growth. These molecules will serve as useful probes for their respective activities without concern for the off target effects of the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katherine M. Chong
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Susan J. Ramos-Hunter
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Sayed WF, Salem WMA, Haridy MAM, Hassan NH. Efficacy of Caltropis procera and Ficus sycomorus extracts in treating MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)-keratitis in rabbit. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:747-57. [PMID: 26648824 PMCID: PMC4669905 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MRSA-induced keratitis in rabbit was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of F. sycomorus leaves and C. procera latex extracts. Within the 6 rabbit groups tested, group 1 received sterilized saline, while other groups (2 to 6) received 100 μl of intrastromal injections of 1.5×103 colony forming unit (cfu) ml-1 of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). After 12 hours, groups 3 to 6 also received chloramphenicol, aqueous extract of C. procera latex, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of F. sycomorus leaves, respectively 3 times daily for 12 successive days. The tested extracts inhibited MRSA growth in vitro (i.e. on culture medium). Colony counts in cornea discs from groups 3 to 6 were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.001) compared to group 2 (untreated). Clinical signs of keratitis were observed on group 2 until the end of experiment. In groups 3 to 6, gradual recovery was observed and signs disappeared by the 12th DPI (days post inoculation). Only mild symptoms persisted in group 5 (aqueous extract of leaves). In group 3 and 5, cornea, iris, ciliary body and conjunctiva showed mild leukocytic infiltration and depigmentation of melanin cells while recovery of cornea and iris was observed in groups 4 and 6. In conclusion, the used extracts have potential therapeutic effects on MRSA-induced keratitis in rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waiel F Sayed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Wesam M A Salem
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Ne'mat H Hassan
- The Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality, Cairo, Egypt
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43
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Riva A, Borghi E, Cirasola D, Colmegna S, Borgo F, Amato E, Pontello MM, Morace G. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1142-6. [PMID: 26038904 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a known major cause of foodborne illnesses, and raw milk and dairy products are often contaminated by enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus strains. In the present study, 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from 383 raw milk samples collected from various dairy herds in the province of Milan (northern Italy). The isolates were characterized based on their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see). About half (45.7%) of the strains were enterotoxigenic, and 37.1% were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs tested. Seven (20%) of 35 isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and SCCmec typing performed with a multiplex PCR assay revealed the presence of gene cassettes IV and V, typical of community-acquired MRSA, and I and II, characteristic of health care-associated MRSA. The MRSA strains were evaluated for the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene, but this gene was not found. The results of the present study revealed the presence of toxin-producing S. aureus and MRSA strains in raw milk. MRSA and enterotoxigenic S. aureus in dairy farms are an important risk factor for the spread of staphylococcal infections; therefore, further studies are needed to find strategies for monitoring and controlling the presence of S. aureus, especially MRSA, in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cirasola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Colmegna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Celoria 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Maria Pontello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Uehara Y, Ito T, Ogawa Y, Hirotaki S, Shoji T, Tame T, Horikoshi Y, Hiramatsu K. Molecular epidemiologic study of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene among family members in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:700-2. [PMID: 26091885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is one of the worldwide concerns of antimicrobial chemotherapy. An accumulation of ten patients in five families (A-E) suffering from skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) of CA-MRSA was experienced in 2012, in Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan. Molecular epidemiological investigation was performed for the 10 MRSA strains obtained from 8 children and 2 of their parents to assess endemic patterns of CA-MRSA in the community. Results of molecular typing, presence of toxin genes and antimicrobial susceptibilities were analyzed combined with the patients' clinical information. Each family had its own unique MRSA strain: A, ST30-SCCmec IVd; B, ST8-SCCmec IVd; C, ST8-SCCmec IVa; D, ST8-SCCmec IVl; E, ST8-SCCmec IVl and ST858-SCCmec IVl. Seven strains from the families A-C carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. Three strains from the families D and E carried toxic shock syndrome toxin gene. Strains belonged to the same family demonstrated genetically related banding patterns of pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis. The family C experienced intrafamilial transmission of USA300-0114. Our data showed the MRSA clones disseminating in this community were highly diverse. They contained USA300-0114 clone, the rapidly distributing clone in the world, as well as MRSA clones identified in Japan. Our results suggested intrafamilial transmission of MRSA could be initial phenomenon of wide transmission in a community, therefore CA-MRSA SSTI in children and their family members should be monitored closely in order to notice the spread of highly pathogenic and transmittable strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Teruyo Ito
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirotaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takayo Shoji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tame
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuho Horikoshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Masila VM, Midiwo JO, Zhang J, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Omosa LK, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Anti-Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis Activities of (-)-Gossypol and Derivatives from Thespesia garckeana. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The root extract of Thespesia garckeana yielded three known oxidatively coupled sesquiterpenoids, namely (-)-gossypol (1) and two of its derivatives (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6′-dimethoxygossypol (3), and the stem bark afforded ( E)-docosyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate (4), stigmasterol (5) and betulinic acid (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of full spectral data (1D and 2D NMR and HRMS) and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 1.71/4.82/19.31 μM, respectively, whereas the reference standard vancomycin was found to be inactive. The mono- and di-methoxylated derivatives of this compound, (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6′-dimethoxygossypol (3), were less active with respective IC50/MIC/MBC values of 2.73/4.70/9.40 μM and 6.14/18.32/18.32 μM against this microbe. Compound 2 was more potent than 1 against the low level VRE strain with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 4.34/9.40/9.40 μM ( vs 5.23/19.31/19.31μM for 1). This compound also showed interesting activities against Candida glabrata with an IC50 value of 2.97 μM, but was less active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) exhibiting an IC50 value of 17.33 μM. Compound 1 demonstrated modest activity against the other microbes tested including C. glabrata, S. aureus and MRSA with IC50 values of 0.73, 9.15 and 8.99 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bonface M. Gisacho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renee Munayi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leonidah K. Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frank T. Wiggers
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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46
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Reversed halo sign caused by huge tricuspid native valve infective endocarditis associated with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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47
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Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among outpatients attending primary health care centers: a comparative study of two cities in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 19:68-76. [PMID: 25523075 PMCID: PMC9425251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and molecular data on community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are still scarce in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia. There is almost no data regarding methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in both countries. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage among outpatients attending primary health care centers in two big cities in both countries. A total of 206 nasal swabs were obtained, 103 swabs from each country. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, presence of mecA and PVL genes, SCCmec-typing and spa typing, the corresponding Multi locus sequence typing clonal complex was assigned for each spa type based on Ridom StaphType database. MRSA was detected in 32% of the Egyptian outpatients while it was found in 25% of the Saudi Arabian outpatients. All MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec type V and IVa, where some isolates in Saudi Arabia remained nontypeable. Surprisingly PVL(+) isolates were low in frequency: 15% of MRSA Egyptian isolates and 12% of MRSA isolates in Saudi Arabia. Two novel spa types were detected t11839 in Egypt, and t11841 in Saudi Arabia. We found 8 spa types among 20 isolates from Egypt, and 12 spa types out of 15 isolates from Saudi Arabia. Only two spa types t008 and t223 coexisted in both countries. Four clonal complexes (CC5, CC8, CC22, and CC80) were identified in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia. However, the data collected lacked a representation of isolates from different parts of each country as only one health center from each country was included, it still partially illustrates the CA-MRSA situation in both countries. In conclusion a set of control measures is required to prevent further increase in MRSA prevalence.
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48
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Quave CL, Horswill AR. Flipping the switch: tools for detecting small molecule inhibitors of staphylococcal virulence. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:706. [PMID: 25566220 PMCID: PMC4264471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the expression of the accessory gene regulator quorum sensing cascade, Staphylococcus aureus is able to produce an extensive array of enzymes, hemolysins and immunomodulators essential to its ability to spread through the host tissues and cause disease. Many have argued for the discovery and development of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) to augment existing antibiotics as adjuvant therapies. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art tools that can be used to conduct screens for the identification of such QSIs. Examples include fluorescent reporters, MS-detection of autoinducing peptide production, agar plate methods for detection of hemolysins and lipase, High performance liquid chromatography-detection of hemolysins from supernatants, and cell-toxicity assays for detecting damage (or relief thereof) against human keratinocyte cells. In addition to providing a description of these various approaches, we also discuss their amenability to low-, medium-, and high-throughput screening efforts for the identification of novel QSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Quave
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA ; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
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49
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Harding MG, Zhang K, Conly J, Kubes P. Neutrophil crawling in capillaries; a novel immune response to Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004379. [PMID: 25299673 PMCID: PMC4192594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly the USA300 strain, is a highly virulent pathogen responsible for an increasing number of skin and soft tissue infections globally. Furthermore, MRSA-induced soft tissue infections can rapidly progress into life-threatening conditions, such as sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. The importance of neutrophils in these devastating soft tissue infections remains ambiguous, partly because of our incomplete understanding of their behaviour. Spinning disk confocal microscopy was used to visualize the behaviour of GR1-labelled neutrophils in subcutaneous tissue in response to GFP-expressing MRSA attached to a foreign particle (agarose bead). We observed significant directional neutrophil recruitment towards the S. aureus agarose bead but not a control agarose bead. A significant increase in neutrophil crawling within the capillaries surrounding the infectious nidus was noted, with impaired capillary perfusion in these vessels and increased parenchymal cell death. No neutrophils were able to emigrate from capillaries. The crawling within these capillaries was mediated by the β(2) and α(4) integrins and blocking these integrins 2 hours post infection eliminated neutrophil crawling, improved capillary perfusion, reduced cell death and reduced lesion size. Blocking prior to infection increased pathology. Neutrophil crawling within capillaries during MRSA soft tissue infections, while potentially contributing to walling off or preventing early dissemination of the pathogen, resulted in impaired perfusion and increased tissue injury with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Geoffrey Harding
- The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Conly
- The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- The Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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50
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Dalhoff A. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aerosolized antibacterial agents in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:753-82. [PMID: 25278574 PMCID: PMC4187638 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00022-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria adapt to growth in lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) by selection of heterogeneously resistant variants that are not detected by conventional susceptibility testing but are selected for rapidly during antibacterial treatment. Therefore, total bacterial counts and antibiotic susceptibilities are misleading indicators of infection and are not helpful as guides for therapy decisions or efficacy endpoints. High drug concentrations delivered by aerosol may maximize efficacy, as decreased drug susceptibilities of the pathogens are compensated for by high target site concentrations. However, reductions of the bacterial load in sputum and improvements in lung function were within the same ranges following aerosolized and conventional therapies. Furthermore, the use of conventional pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) surrogates correlating pharmacokinetics in serum with clinical cure and presumed or proven eradication of the pathogen as a basis for PK/PD investigations in CF patients is irrelevant, as minimization of systemic exposure is one of the main objectives of aerosolized therapy; in addition, bacterial pathogens cannot be eradicated, and chronic infection cannot be cured. Consequently, conventional PK/PD surrogates are not applicable to CF patients. It is nonetheless obvious that systemic exposure of patients, with all its sequelae, is minimized and that the burden of oral treatment for CF patients suffering from chronic infections is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dalhoff
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel, Germany
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