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Demirsoy MS, Erdil A, Çolak S, Duman E, Sümbül O, Aygun H. Acute treatment with dexketoprofen reduces penicillin induced epileptiform activity in wistar albino rats (dexketoprofen in penicillin induced seizure model). Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106827. [PMID: 34847424 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dexketoprofen trometamol is one of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory analgesic agents for pain control. This study aims to investigate the effect of dexketoprofen on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. METHOD In this study, 28 male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g were used. Tripolar electrodes were implanted under urethane anesthesia. Epileptiform activity was induced by micro-injection of 500 units (IU) penicillin into the rats' left somatomotor cortex. Dexketoprofen (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally after 30 min of penicillin injection. Epileptiform activity was evaluated by electrocorticography (ECoG). RESULTS The low dose of dexketoprofen administration (5 mg/kg) reduced the mean spike frequency of epileptiform activity 60 min after its injection. However, 25 and 50 mg/kg dexketoprofen significantly reduced the mean spike frequency 30 min after the dexketoprofen injection compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in all groups were unaffected (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study revealed that dexketoprofen had a significant anti-seizure effect when applied at 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg (especially at 25 and 50 mg/kg), in the penicillin-induced seizure model. The obtained data revealed that dexketoprofen might play an essential role against epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sami Demirsoy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Aras Erdil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey.
| | | | - Esra Duman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Artova Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sümbül
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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2
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Erdil A, Demirsoy MS, Çolak S, Duman E, Sümbül O, Aygun H. The effect of dexketoprofen trometamol on WAG/Rij rats with absence epilepsy (dexketoprofen in absence epilepsy). Neurol Res 2021; 43:1116-1125. [PMID: 34278977 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1952510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Dexketoprofen (DEX) is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used as an analgesic. The present study aimed to assess the efficiency of DEX on WAG/Rij rats by electrophysiologically and behaviorally. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight male WAG/Rij rats were used. The effects of acute treatment with DEX (5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p) on absence-like seizures, and related psychiatric comorbidity were assessed. The ECoG recording was taken for 180 min before and after drug injection. After drug injection and EcoG recording, anxiety-depression-like behavior was tested with the open field test for 5 min. RESULTS The 5 mg/kg DEX significantly reduced the number and duration of SWDs percentage (p < 0.05) between 120 and 180 min, but 25 and 50 mg/kg DEX significantly increased the number and duration of SWDs percentage between 0 and 30 min (p < 0.05), and after 30 min the increase stopped (p > 0.05). And also, the 5 mg/kg DEX decreased the number and duration of SWDs percentage (p < 0.05) for 180 min (p < 0.05), but 25 and 50 mg/kg DEX administration did not alter (p > 0.05). The 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses of DEX significantly increased the duration of grooming (p < 0.05) but did not change the number of squares crossed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Low dose DEX reduced absence-like seizures, but care should be taken when using high doses in absence epilepsy. Also, it may be beneficial for painful diseases accompanied by anxiety-depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Erdil
- TR Ministry of Health, Sivas Dental Health Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sami Demirsoy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Duman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program Vocational School University of Gazi Osmanpasa, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sümbül
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine University of Gaziosmanpasa, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Wellnitz O, Bruckmaier RM. Invited review: The role of the blood-milk barrier and its manipulation for the efficacy of the mammary immune response and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6376-6388. [PMID: 33773785 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intact blood-milk barrier (BMB) prevents an uncontrolled exchange of soluble and cellular components between blood and milk in the mammary gland. It enables the sustainability of the optimal milk composition for the nourishment of the offspring. Endothelial cells, connective tissue, the basal membrane, and mainly the epithelial cells provide the semipermeability of this barrier, allowing only a selective transfer of components necessary for milk production. The epithelial cells are closely connected to each other by different formations, in which the tight junctions are the most critical for separating the milk-containing compartments from the surrounding extracellular fluid and vasculature. During mastitis, the integrity of the BMB is reduced. This facilitates the transfer of immune cells and immune factors such as antibodies from blood into milk. Simultaneously, the transfer of soluble blood constituents without an obvious immune function into milk is promoted. Furthermore, a reduced BMB integrity causes a loss of milk constituents into the blood circulation. Different mechanisms are responsible for the barrier impairment including tight junction opening, but also cell degradation. To promote the cure of mastitis, the targeted manipulation of the BMB permeability may be a tool to optimize the immune function of the mammary gland. An intensified opening of the BMB supports the antibody transfer from blood into milk, which is supposed to increase the contribution of the specific immune system in the immune defense. On the contrary, a fast closure of the BMB during the recovery from mastitis can accelerate the normalization of milk composition and milk yield. Various agents have been experimentally shown to either open (e.g., pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oxytocin, calcium chelators) or close (e.g., glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, natural anti-inflammatory drugs) the BMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Sintes GF, Bruckmaier RM, Wellnitz O. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect the mammary epithelial barrier during inflammation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10742-10753. [PMID: 32896404 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation of the mammary gland, the blood-milk barrier, which is predominantly composed of mammary epithelial cells, loses its integrity and gradients between blood and milk cannot be maintained. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are commonly used systemically in combination with local administration of antimicrobials in mastitis treatments of dairy cows to improve the well-being of the cow during the disease. However, the knowledge about their effects on the blood-milk barrier is low. This study aimed to investigate effects of different NSAID, with different selectivity of cyclooxygenase-inhibition, on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and capacitance, cell viability, and expression of tumor necrosis factor α of bovine mammary epithelial barriers in vitro. Primary mammary epithelial cells of 3 different cows were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli with or without addition of ketoprofen (1.25 mg/mL or 4 mM), flunixin meglumine (1.0 mg/mL or 4 mM), meloxicam (0.25 mg/mL, 0.75 mg/mL, or 4 mM), diclofenac (0.75 mg/mL or 4 mM) or celecoxib (0.05 mg/mL) for 6 h. Concentrations were adapted to comparable relations of the recommended dosage for systemic application. Additionally, a similar molar concentration of all NSAID was used. Lipopolysaccharide with or without NSAID induced a decrease in TEER within 5 h, which returned to control level within 14 h. Viability of cells challenged with LPS only was not affected. However, the cell viability was decreased with increasing concentrations of NSAID and this effect was amplified with simultaneous LPS challenge. Ketoprofen at both dosages, flunixin meglumine at 1.0 mg/mL, and meloxicam at 0.75 mg/mL accelerated the recovery of TEER in comparison to LPS only (return to control level within 9 h). The comparison of NSAID effects at the same molecular quantity of 4 mM showed different effect on the barrier in which ketoprofen accelerated the recovery after LPS-induced barrier opening, whereas meloxicam and diclofenac slowed down the recovery (return to control level after 24 h). In conclusion, NSAID do not prevent the mammary epithelial barrier opening by LPS; however, ketoprofen, flunixin meglumine, and meloxicam obviously support the re-establishment of the barrier integrity. Used in mastitis therapy at an optimized dosage the tested NSAID would likely support the recovery of milk composition. However, an overdose of NSAID would likely cause tissue irritation and in turn, a delayed recovery of the barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Sintes
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Vezzani A, Ravizza T. Review: Neuroinflammatory pathways as treatment targets and biomarker candidates in epilepsy: emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:91-111. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)pathology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - E. Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; Center for Neuroscience; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN); Cruquius The Netherlands
| | - A. Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; Milano Italy
| | - T. Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience; IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; Milano Italy
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Radu BM, Epureanu FB, Radu M, Fabene PF, Bertini G. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical and experimental epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2017; 131:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Thibodeau JF, Holterman CE, He Y, Carter A, Cron GO, Boisvert NC, Abd-Elrahman KS, Hsu KJ, Ferguson SSG, Kennedy CRJ. Vascular Smooth Muscle-Specific EP4 Receptor Deletion in Mice Exacerbates Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:642-656. [PMID: 27245461 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclooxygenase inhibition by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is contraindicated in hypertension, as it may reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow. However, the identity of the specific eicosanoid and receptor underlying these effects is not known. We hypothesized that vascular smooth muscle prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E-prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptor deletion predisposes to renal injury via unchecked vasoconstrictive actions of angiotensin II (AngII) in a hypertension model. Mice with inducible vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific EP4 receptor deletion were generated and subjected to AngII-induced hypertension. RESULTS EP4 deletion was verified by PCR of aorta and renal vessels, as well as functionally by loss of PGE2-mediated mesenteric artery relaxation. Both AngII-treated groups became similarly hypertensive, whereas albuminuria, foot process effacement, and renal hypertrophy were exacerbated in AngII-treated EP4VSMC-/- but not in EP4VSMC+/+ mice and were associated with glomerular scarring, tubulointerstitial injury, and reduced GFR. AngII-treated EP4VSMC-/- mice exhibited capillary damage and reduced renal perfusion as measured by fluorescent bead microangiography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) expression was significantly elevated in AngII-treated EP4-/- mice. EP4-receptor silencing in primary VSMCs abolished PGE2 inhibition of AngII-induced Nox2 mRNA and superoxide production. INNOVATION These data suggest that vascular EP4 receptors buffer the actions of AngII on renal hemodynamics and oxidative injury. CONCLUSION EP4 agonists may, therefore, protect against hypertension-associated kidney damage. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 642-656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Thibodeau
- 1 Chronic Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Chet E Holterman
- 1 Chronic Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying He
- 1 Chronic Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Carter
- 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Naomi C Boisvert
- 1 Chronic Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled S Abd-Elrahman
- 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolynn J Hsu
- 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R J Kennedy
- 1 Chronic Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada .,3 The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chen L, Li B, Chen B, Shao Y, Luo Q, Shi X, Chen Y. Thymoquinone Alleviates the Experimental Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Modulation of Inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31656. [PMID: 27545310 PMCID: PMC4992870 DOI: 10.1038/srep31656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study investigated the effects of TQ on proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells exposed to high glucose conditions and electrophysiological and morphological changes of the sciatic nerve in a DPN rat model as well as relevant inflammatory mechanism. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. DPN model was established in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nerve conduction velocity was measured before and after treatment. Morphologic changes were observed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy. COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and Caspase-3 expression was investigated by western blotting and Bio-Plex ProTM Assays. Finally, TQ alleviated the inhibition of Schwann cell proliferation and protected against Schwann cell apoptosis. It improved nerve conduction velocity, and alleviated the DPN-induced morphological changes and demyelination of the sciatic nerve. COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and Caspase-3 expression in sciatic nerve or isolated cultured Schwann cells, were also decreased by TQ. These results indicate TQ has a protective effect on peripheral nerves in a DPN rat model. The mechanism may be mediated partly by the modulation of the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R.China
| | - Biqin Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R.China
| | - Yiye Shao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R.China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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9
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The Coxib case: Are EP receptors really guilty? Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhong Y, Wang Y, Guo J, Chu H, Gao Y, Pang L. Blueberry Improves the Therapeutic Effect of Etanercept on Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Phase III Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 237:183-91. [PMID: 26477692 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.237.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Haifeng Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Emergency Internal, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Limin Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
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Jones RA, Thillier Y, Panda SS, Rivera Rosario N, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Synthesis and characterisation of glucosamine–NSAID bioconjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8325-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to prepare non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug–glucosamine bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Jones
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Yann Thillier
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Nicole Rivera Rosario
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - C. Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
| | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville, USA
- Chemistry Department
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12
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Massat NJ, Moss SM, Halloran SP, Duffy SW. Screening and Primary prevention of Colorectal Cancer: a Review of sex-specific and site-specific differences. J Med Screen 2013; 20:125-48. [DOI: 10.1177/0969141313501292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest cancer in England. Incidence rates for colorectal adenomas and advanced colorectal neoplasia are higher in men than in women of all age groups. The male-to-female ratio for CRC incidence rates differs for different parts of the large bowel. Objective To summarize the current evidence on colorectal screening and prevention, focussing on potential differences in benefits between sexes and colorectal sites. Methods (i), We reviewed the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the impact of different screening approaches on CRC incidence and mortality, overall, for each sex separately, and for subsites of the large bowel. (ii) We reviewed studies comparing detection parameters for faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) with guaiac FOBt (gFOBt). (iii) The role of aspirin in CRC prevention in the general population was reviewed using evidence from RCTs, with specific emphasis on the differences observed between sexes and lesion site. Results (i) Our intention-to-treat random-effects meta-analysis showed that once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening performed on average-risk individuals aged 55 + decreased CRC incidence by 18% and mortality by 28%, but sex-specific results were lacking. (ii) Modern quantitative FIT were superior to qualitative gFOBt in average-risk population screening in their ability to discriminate between individuals with and without colorectal neoplasia. Some recent FIT studies suggest varying operating characteristics in men and women. (iii) Evidence of an effect of aspirin on the incidence of CRC (in particular, proximal disease) in both sexes aged 40 and over at average-risk of CRC is emerging. Conclusions We encourage researchers of CRC screening and prevention to publish their results by sex where possible. Pilot studies should be undertaken before implementation of quantitative FIT in a national screening programme to establish the appropriate threshold. Finally, individual risk assessment for CRC and non-CRC events, will be necessary to make an informed decision on whether a patient should receive aspirin chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Massat
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sue M Moss
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephen P Halloran
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Pereira-Leite C, Nunes C, Reis S. Interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with membranes: in vitro assessment and relevance for their biological actions. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:571-84. [PMID: 23981364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used drugs in the world due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Nevertheless, the consumption of these drugs is still associated with the occurrence of a wide spectrum of adverse effects. Regarding the major role of membranes in cellular events, the hypothesis that the biological actions of NSAIDs may be related to their effect at the membrane level has triggered the in vitro assessment of NSAIDs-membrane interactions. The use of membrane mimetic models, cell cultures, a wide range of experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations has been providing significant information about drugs partition and location within membranes and also about their effect on diverse membrane properties. These studies have indeed been providing evidences that the effect of NSAIDs at membrane level may be an additional mechanism of action and toxicity of NSAIDs. In fact, the pharmacokinetic properties of NSAIDs are closely related to the ability of these drugs to interact and overcome biological membranes. Moreover, the therapeutic actions of NSAIDs may also result from the indirect inhibition of cyclooxygenase due to the disturbing effect of NSAIDs on membrane properties. Furthermore, increasing evidences suggest that the disordering effects of these drugs on membranes may be in the basis of the NSAIDs-induced toxicity in diverse organ systems. Overall, the study of NSAIDs-membrane interactions has proved to be not only important for the better understanding of their pharmacological actions, but also for the rational development of new approaches to overcome NSAIDs adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira-Leite
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Kim HJ, Jun JG, Kim JK. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-Hydroxypropenyl)-7-Methoxybenzofuran, a Novel Ailanthoidol Derivative, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect through Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:217-22. [PMID: 23776398 PMCID: PMC3682082 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We reported that ailanthoidol, a neolignan from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, inhibited inflammatory reactions by macrophages and protected mice from endotoxin shock. We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of six synthetic ailanthoidol derivatives (compounds 1-6). Among them, compound 4, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropenyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran, had the lowest IC50 value concerning nitric oxide (NO) release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compound 4 suppressed the generation of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induced by LPS, and inhibited the release of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 cells. The underlying mechanism of compound 4 on anti-inflammatory action was correlated with the down-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and activator protein-1 activation. Compound 4 is potentially an effective functional chemical candidate for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 700-712, Korea
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